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Lecture 1 - Transmission Lines and Waveguides

This course covers transmission lines and waveguides. It discusses transmission line parameters and performance, Smith charts, two-port network analysis, resonant and anti-resonant lines, guided wave systems, and waveguide modes. Key topics include characteristic impedance, reflection coefficient, VSWR, impedance matching, and TE, TM, TEM waveguide modes. Learners are expected to understand transmission line design and applications in telecommunications.

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57 views

Lecture 1 - Transmission Lines and Waveguides

This course covers transmission lines and waveguides. It discusses transmission line parameters and performance, Smith charts, two-port network analysis, resonant and anti-resonant lines, guided wave systems, and waveguide modes. Key topics include characteristic impedance, reflection coefficient, VSWR, impedance matching, and TE, TM, TEM waveguide modes. Learners are expected to understand transmission line design and applications in telecommunications.

Uploaded by

kiprotich allan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ETI 4104

TRANSMISSION LINES AND


WAVEGUIDES
Sept. 2023

B.Sc. TIE

Ms. Susan Kisengeu


9/18/2023 ETI 4104
Info:
Course text books

1. Matthew N.O. Sadiku, “Elements of Electromagnetics”, Oxford Univ. Press, 3rd Ed., 2001.
2. G.S.N. Raju, “Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines”, Pearson Ed., 2006.
3. G. Sasi Bhushana Rao, “Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines”, Wiley India Pvt.
Ltd, 2012.
Course examination

› Continuous Assessment Tests (CAT) 10%

› Assignments 5%

› Laboratory Practical (Compulsory) 15%

› End of semester examination 70%

9/18/2023 ETI 4104 2


Introduction to ETI 4104
Prerequisites Expectations

1. Time Varying electromagnetic fields. › Learner should be able to:

2. Boundary value problems, with 1. Understand the design and implementation


applications to electrostatics and of transmission lines
magnetostatics, time varying fields, &
radiating systems. 2. Understand the application areas of
transmission lines (Select suitable
3. Spectral domain field representations -
transmission lines for different
solving complex multi-valued functions.
telecommunication engineering tasks).
4. Radio wave propagation in stratified
media.

9/18/2023 ETI 4104 3


Course Content
› 1. Transmission Line Parameters: transmission line modeling, characteristic
impedance, analysis of distributed line constants. Phase and group velocities. Dispersive
and non-dispersive circuits. Concept of position angle.

› 2. Transmission Line Performance: Analysis of current and voltage along a


transmission line, reflection coefficient and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). Lossless
line equations. Lossy short-circuit line. Some special cases of transmission line
termination: short circuit, open circuit, reactive, resistive. Power flow along terminated
lines, return and reflection losses. Impedance transformation: derivation of the
impedance transformation equation. Measurement of reflection coefficient.

9/18/2023 ETI 4104 4


Course Content
3. Smith Chart: Typical Smith chart computations. Impedance matching techniques: single-stub
matching, transmission line sections as matching networks, dissipative matching networks.

4. Two-port network analysis with transmission matrices: ABCD analysis of two-port networks,
attenuation, insertion loss, transducer loss, mismatch loss, insertion phase, scattering parameters,
and signal flow graphs.

5. Resonant and anti-resonant lines: The quality factor of resonant and anti-resonant lines.

6. Introduction to Diffraction and Scattering.

7. Guided wave systems

8. Introduction to Wave guides and Wave guide modes: Transverse Electric (TE), Transverse
Magnetic (TM), and Transverse Electro-Magnetic (TEM). Field concepts in relation to lumped
circuit elements.

9/18/2023 ETI 4104 5


Definition of Terms
Transmission line:

› A metallic conductor system used to transfer electrical energy and signals


from one point to another (from a source to a load). A two or more
conductor separated by an insulator, such as a pair of wires or a system
of wire pairs (e.g. three-phase power lines).

› A structure used to guide the flow of electromagnetic energy from one


point to another point. (e.g. two parallel wires or two parallel plates or
coaxial conductors, or it may be of hollow conductor variety, i.e.
waveguides).

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Transmission Line Structures

9/18/2023 ETI 4104 7


Examples of Application Areas
These include:
 Connection between a transmitter and an antenna.
 Connections between computers in a network.
 Connections between a hydroelectric power generating plant and a substation
several hundred kilometers away.

Assignment Q1:
List 5 more application areas where Transmission lines and/or waveguides are used.

9/18/2023 ETI 4104 8


Illustration of Application Areas/ Examples of TLs

Power distribution networks

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Data Transmission cables – e.g. fiber optic network

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Assignment (cont.)
1. List the differences and similarities between a transmission line and a waveguide.
2. Types of transmission lines and their categorization.
3. What are TE, TM, and TEM lines?
4. How is each transmission line in (3) used in real-life applications?
5. Name the labeled parts in the image below and define the following:
• Vector E
• Lambda
• Vector B
• c

9/18/2023 ETI 4104 11

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