ECO-FRIENDLY PAPER PRODUCTION WITH THE USE OF BANANA PEEL

A Project Proposal Presented to the

Faculty of General Education Department

Batangas State University – The National Engineering University

ARASOF Campus

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Mathematics

By:

Aquino, Aya Regine V.

Biscocho, Mikco V.

Cabello, Macy Gwen B.

De Castro, Nicole V.

Estilo, Gerelyn C.

Masangkay, Patrize Nicole A.

Valencia, Aron Kim P.

Engr. LEO ANGELO V. VILLADELREY

Faculty-In-Charge, GEd 109

March 2024
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………………….... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………… ii
LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………………. iii
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………... iv

CHAPTER
I. SUMMARY ……………………………………………………………..1
II. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………….……… 2
III. NEEDS/PROBLEMS…………………………………………………….3
IV. GOALS/OBJECTIVES…………………………………………………..6
V. PROCEDURES/SCOPE OF WORK ………………..…………………...6
VI. TIMETABLE …………………………………………………………….8
VII. BUDGET …………………………………………………………………9
VIII. KEY PERSONNEL ………………………………………………………9
IX. EVALUATION ………………………………………………………….10
X. ENDORSEMENTS ………………………………………………………14
XI. NEXT STEPS ……………………………………………………………14
XII. APPENDIX ………………………………………………………………15

REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………..16

ii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. PeelCrafters’ Logo ……………………………………………………….2

Figure 2. Deforestation by Continent ………………………………………………3

Figure 3. Process of Banana Peel Paper Production ……………………………….6

iii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. List of Waste Classification in CALABARZON Region (2018) ……………….5

Table 2. Timeline of Process Distribution ………………………………………………..8

Table 3. Allotted Budget ………………………………………………………………….9

Table 4. Key Personnel ………………………………………………..………………….9

Table 5. Evaluation Plan for 3 Objectives ………………………………………...…….10

iv
 1

Chapter I
SUMMARY
PeelCrafters is a student-run non-profit organization born from a shared passion for

social innovation and environmental sustainability. It has a noble mission of creating paper

products made from banana peels that are environmentally beneficial. Since its

establishment, PeelCrafters has been polishing its process for turning banana peels into

paper products, as part of its project named “Eco-friendly Paper Production with the Use

of Banana Peel”.

This proposal outlines a process for paper production using banana peels as the raw

material in substitution with wood pulp. This project can mitigate the adverse effects of

deforestation and biowaste, which will pave the way for a more resilient and

environmentally sustainable future not just for the country, but beyond. The success of the

“Eco-friendly Paper Production” project relies heavily on endorsement with various

stakeholders. The partnerships with local banana chips, banana cue, and turon vendors,

markets, and households are crucial for the collection and donation of banana peels. The

endorsement of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) for future projects and

access to research and technological resources. This project is aligned with the objectives

of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals by promoting positive social, economic, and

environmental impacts for various stakeholders.

The anticipated result of this project is the establishment of the supply chain and

preparation for commercial implementation. This will demonstrate an ensured and

sustainable supply chain for banana peels and the facilitation of eco-friendly paper

production into wider environmental initiatives, paving the way for broader adoption of

banana peel paper across the paper products industry.

Concurrently, the total estimated budget for this project is P 205,000. To support the

development and implementation of this project, we are requesting a grant of P 195,000.

In addition to this grant request, we will contribute P 10, 000 in matching funds from our

resources. This funding will cover the costs of research and development, fiber extraction,

paper-making, quality evaluation, and commercialization.

 2

Chapter II
INTRODUCTION
PeelCrafters is a student-run non-profit
Figure 1
organization born from a shared passion for social
PeelCrafters’ Logo
innovation and environmental sustainability. It was

founded in October 2022 by a group of seven

enterprising students of Bachelor of Secondary

Education majors in Mathematics at Batangas State

University – The National Engineering University

ARASOF – Nasugbu campus. The concept for

PeelCrafters originated from a group project in their

concept paper in their Professional Education course, where the students explored

innovative ways to reduce food waste and create sustainable products. During their

research, they discovered that banana peels have the potential to be used as a raw material

for papermaking. Inspired by this finding, they founded PeelCrafters with a noble mission

of creating paper products made from banana peels that are environmentally beneficial.

PeelCrafters is led by seven visionaries who are committed to generating change and

making a huge difference in the world:

1. Patrize Nicole Masangkay – President & Director of Outreach and Partnerships

2. Mikco V. Biscocho – Vice President

3. Macy Gwen Cabello – Assistant Vice President

4. Aron Kim P. Valencia – Secretary

5. Gerelyn C. Estilo – Treasurer

6. Aya Regine Aquino – Director of Outreach and Partnerships

7. Nicole De Castro – Director of Operations.

Since its establishment, PeelCrafters has been polishing its process for turning

banana peels into paper products. They have collaborated with local Banana chips, Banana

cue, and Turon vendors, markets, and even households that consume bananas in everyday

life within Region IV-A CALABARZON to develop a range of sustainable stationery,

packaging, and other paper-based items.

 3

Looking ahead, PeelCrafters aims to expand its operations and are aiming to build a

partnership with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) to support future

projects and collaborate with other government agencies such as the Department of

Agriculture (DOA) and the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (DENR)

to increase the effectiveness and to broaden regions that will benefit this project. The

organization is also aiming to reduce the amount of banana peel waste in the community

and lessen deforestation as a result of paper production. Turning banana peels into paper

not only provides practical solutions to the need for paper in solving mathematical

problems but also about making positive environmental changes that help achieve the 17

Sustainable Development Goals.

Chapter III
NEEDS/PROBLEMS
The demand for paper production continues to grow putting pressure on natural

resources which are used to produce paper products, specifically cellulose — trees as the

main source of cellulose fiber. This causes challenges in terms of environmental

sustainability which underscores the importance of developing more eco-friendly paper

production methods, like using banana peels as an alternative.

Figure 2
Deforestation by Continent

2018-swm-consolidated-report.pdf

According to UN estimates, the earth loses around 7,000,000 hectares annually to

deforestation as of 2020. The exact amount varies based on the density of trees per hectare,
 4

which is normally between 1500 and 2500 trees. The globe lost 129 million hectares of

forest between 1990 and 2015, an amount roughly equivalent to South Africa. More than

15 billion trees were lost to deforestation each year as of March 2024. We could have

320,000 sheets of paper for every person on the earth in exchange for the 15 billion trees

that are cut down annually. Due to financial concerns, it is challenging to locate current

data on deforestation in the Philippines. However, between 2003 and 2010, the country lost

almost 1% or 50,000 hectares of its forests per year. Considering that the Philippines is

regarded as a biodiversity hotspot, this is very upsetting. In the Philippines, 89% of the

decline in tree cover between 2001 and 2022 happened in regions where deforestation was

the main cause of the decline. The CALABARZON region has 3.41% with a mean forest

loss rate of 1,098.54 ha/year.

The most obvious explanation is that direct, deforestation accounts for 12% of

ecosystems’ total greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to its effects on ecosystems,

nutrition, weather patterns, and even the climate, deforestation also harms wildlife since it

destroys habitats and ecosystems, which has additional consequences because over 80% of

all terrestrial species on Earth live in forests. For many of them, deforestation poses an

existential threat. The environment’s cycle for both living and nonliving organisms is

impacted by tree cutting. Because people live in forests and rely on them for their well-

being, deforestation also has an impact on human welfare. This affects not only the forest’s

inhabitants but also the nearby towns, such as cities, because of its close linkages to the

wider community. Our ability to breathe clean air is greatly impacted by forests. They

remove a large portion of the airborne pollution by acting as a filter. By absorbing

significant amounts of CO2, a greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere and storing it in the

form of trunks, branches, leaves, and other debris, forests function as carbon sinks. When

trees are destroyed, the carbon they have stored is released, and further carbon storage is

inhibited.
 5

Table 1
List of Waste Classification in CALABARZON Region (2018)

The present condition of biowaste in the Philippines is also a major concern. Research

on biodegradable waste produced by households found that a household with between 3

and 9 members produces bio-waste per capita ranging from 0.004 to 0.031 kg/day, with an

average of 0.01122 kg/day. The bulk of waste generation is biodegradable wastes

comprising 41-53% of the total waste generation. The special wastes have the smallest

volume which is around 1.24-3.40%. In terms of waste generation per capita, the average

is 0.320 kg per head per day. Above is the waste generation per capita per province in the

CALABARZON Region. Around 30 to 40 percent of the weight of the fruit is made up of

banana peels, which accounts for a significant portion of the waste generated.

Environmental issues have been caused by the ongoing disposal of large volumes of banana

peel waste from agro-industrial activities.

One of the main causes of deforestation in the provinces of CALABARZON is the

issue of paper consumption and production. Banana peels from vendors, markets, and some

businesses have emerged as biowaste in the area. The project “Eco-friendly Paper

Production with the Use of Banana Peel” must be implemented to find answers to these

issues. Both deforestation and biowaste management are currently environmental issues

that the Philippines is facing that require urgent attention and comprehensive solutions. By

having research, education, and support policy, this project can mitigate the adverse effects

of deforestation and biowaste, which will pave the way for a more resilient and

environmentally sustainable future not just for the country, but beyond.
 6

Chapter IV
GOALS/OBJECTIVES
The project entitled “Eco-friendly Paper Production with the Use of Banana Peel” aims

to meet the world’s sustainable development goals and objectives with the following:

1. Establish a sustainable and eco-friendly process for banana peel collection, processing,

and paper production, contributing to circular economy principles.

2. Develop a cost-effective and scalable business model for banana peel paper production,

demonstrating its positive economic contribution, benefits for education, and potential for

commercialization.

3. Collaborate with local communities and governments, businesses, and NGOs to organize

awareness campaigns, workshops, and educational programs on waste management and

sustainable practices, involving communities in banana peel collection efforts.

Chapter V
PROCEDURES/SCOPE OF WORK
Eco-friendly Paper production with the use of Banana Peel is a progressive project that

aims to reduce environmental issues by establishing sustainable and eco-friendly paper

production.

Figure 3
Process of Banana Peel Paper Production
 7

Materials and Equipment

The materials for this project are the following: banana peel (collected from the

vendors), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), and water (H2O). The equipment and tools needed

to make this product are a net bag (for drying), sharp knife (for cutting), pot (for boiling),

spoon, measuring cup and a digital scale, container, food processor (for blending), large

damp cloth strainer, mold and deckle (for paper-making), and gloves and mask (for safety).

Drying of Banana Peels

Place the banana peels in a net bag under the sun to dry for about two hours or more

until there is no moisture left and they are in dark color or ripe.

Extracting of Fiber

After drying the banana peels, cut each of them into ½ pieces, and take about one

cup of the dried peels. Put 30% of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution and wear gloves

and mask in doing this process. Soak the dried banana peels into the solution for about 2-

3 days until soften in a close container.

Boiling and Blending of Banana Peels

Put the solution into a pot and boil it for about 20-30 minutes. Remove scum if

necessary. After boiling, strain the solution and run it through the water to prevent

overcooking. Place the banana peels into the blender and add water twice the measurement

of the banana peels. Blend it until smoothen.

Molding and Drying of Banana Paper

Pour the banana slurry onto the mold and deckle, and gently press the sheet,

allowing the water to drain and fibers to form. Allow it to dry for approximately 24 hours

or until completely dry.

Evaluating Its Quality

Evaluate and analyze the quality of eco-friendly paper produced. Quality evaluation

consists of three types of analysis, durability, chemical, and functional analysis. This is to

evaluate whether the product meets the expected qualities a paper has, including its weight,

thickness, strength, resistance, contaminant, writing quality, and dimensional stability.

Customer feedback would serve as one of the methods for this evaluation.
 8

Commercialization

This step consists of the following:

a. Supplier Evaluation and Selection. Building a strategic partnership with identified

and assessed suppliers for sustainable and reliable resources.

b. Logistics and Distribution. Optimization of transportation distribution channels to

prioritize eco-friendly modes of transportation by implementing efficient inventory

management systems.

c. Transparency. Provide detailed information on the credentials and capabilities of

the produced paper.

d. Business Plan Development. This step is comprised of the identification of the

target customers, the development of pricing strategies and production capacity for

market demand, and the outlining of promotional strategies.

e. Certification and Regulatory Compliance. This includes obtaining certifications

needed for production and proof of compliance with industry regulations.

f. Quality Management. Establishment of quality control through addressing issues

considering the consumers’ feedback to improve the quality of products.

Chapter VI
TIMETABLE
The project is expected to be completed within 14 months, with the following key

milestones:

Table 2
Timeline of Process Distribution

Description of Work Start and End Dates

Phase 1 Research and 5 months (Estimated:
development of the August 2023 – January
banana peel paper 2024)
production process.
Phase 2 Collect banana peels 1 month (Estimated:
and process them for April – May)
fiber extraction.
Phase 3 Conduct paper- 1-2 months
making experiments (Estimated: May-
and optimization of July)
the production
process.
Phase 4 Evaluate and analyze 1 month (Estimated:
the quality of eco- July- August)
 9

friendly paper
produced.
Phase 5 Establishing the 5 months (Estimated:
supply chain and August – January
preparing for 2025)
commercial
implementation.

Chapter VII
BUDGET

Table 3
Allotted Budget
Description of Work Budget
Phase 1 Research and P 25,000.00
development
Phase 2 Collection of banana P 5,000.00
peels and processing
for fiber extraction
Phase 3 Paper-making P 10,000.00
experiments and
process optimization
Phase 4 Quality Evaluation P 15, 000.00
Phase 5 Establishment of the P 150, 000.00
supply chain and
preparation for
commercial
implementation

TOTAL P 205,000.00

Chapter VIII
KEY PERSONNEL

Table 4
Key Personnel
CLIENT The primary client for this eco-
friendly paper production is the
community within Region IV-A
CALABARZON, particularly the
students, educators, artisans, and
residents.
SPONSOR The primary sponsor is the vendors of
any banana products within Region
IV-A CALABARZON which will
provide the raw materials necessary
for paper production and help divert
banana peels from the waste streams.
Another sponsor is the Department of
Science and Technology (DOST),
which will provide funding,
resources, and support to enable
PeelCrafters to pursue its mission of
transforming banana peel waste into a
sustainable paper production with the
 10

help of other agencies such as the

Department of Agriculture (DOA)
and Department of Environmental
and Natural Resources (DENR) to
increase the effectiveness and
broaden the regions that will benefit
this project.
PROJECT MANAGER As the President and Director of
Outreach and Partnerships at
PeelCrafters, Ms. Patrize Nicole A.
Masangkay will be the driving force
behind the idea and will actively take
on the role of project manager. She
will be responsible for all the aspects
of the project including planning,
coordination, and implementation of
the Eco-friendly Paper Production.
TEAM Mr. Mikco V. Biscocho, Ms. Macy
Gwen B. Cabello, Mr. Aron Kim P.
Valencia, Ms. Gerelyn C. Estilo, Ms.
Aya Regine V. Aquino, and Ms.
Nicole V. De Castro are the team of
PeelCrafters and they are tasked with
the role that encompasses various
tasks such as organizing collection
drives for banana peels, overseeing
the paper production process, and
facilitating partnership with
stakeholders.

Chapter IX
EVALUATION
In evaluating the impact and effectiveness of “Eco-friendly Paper Production with the

Use of Banana Peel,” it is necessary to have an organized plan and process to attain its

goals.

Table 5
Evaluation Plan for 3 Objectives
Strategic What When Who
Objectives Output/ Target Measure Data Data Person(s
Outcome Definition Collection Collecti
)
Measure Method on Responsi
Description Freque
ble for
ncy Data
Gatherin
g
Project Goal 1: Establish a sustainable and eco-friendly process for banana peel
collection, processing, and paper production, contributing to circular economy
principles.
By the Percentage 50% Percentage Tracked Monthl Director
start of of banana increase of increase within y of
2025, 50% peel in the in banana banana peel Outreach
increase in collection, collection peel collection and
the promoting collection. spreadsheet
 11

collection community of banana and Partners

of banana engagemen peels. mapping hips
peels, t and tools.
promoting awareness
communit about waste
y reduction
engageme and
nt and resource
awareness utilization.
about
waste
reduction
and
resource
utilization.
By 2025, Percentage 30% Percentage Tracked Monthl Director
30% waste waste waste of waste through y of
reduction, reduction, reduction reduction. waste Operatio
resource resource reduction ns
efficiency, efficiency, spreadsheet
and and and
environme environme mapping
ntal ntal impact tools.
impact minimizati
minimizati on, while
on, while enhancing
enhancing scalability
scalability and
and replicabilit
replicabilit y.
y.

By 2025, Percentage Increase Percentage Tracked Monthl Director

increase of paper the usage of paper through y of
recycled usage, and of usage. paper usage Operatio
paper promotion recycled spreadsheet ns
usage by of paper paper by and
20%, and consumptio 20% mapping
promote n. tools.
eco-
friendly
paper
benefits to
consumers
and
businesses
.

2. Develop a cost-effective and scalable business model for banana peel paper
production, demonstrating its positive economic contribution, benefits for education, and
potential for commercialization.
By the end Reduce the Reduce Reduction Tracked Annual Treasure
of 2025, percentage productio of the within cost ly r of
aiming to of n costs by percentage production PeelCraf
reduce production 20% of spreadsheet ters
production cost production and
costs by compared cost
 12

20% to compared mapping

compared convention to tools.
to al paper convention
convention production al paper
al paper methods. production
production methods.
methods.
Establish Partnership At least Some Tracked Annual Director
partnershi s with at 50 ommittee within ly of
ps with at least 50 education p with network Outreach
least 50 educational al educational partnership and
educationa institutions institution institutions spreadsheet Partners
l and s and and and hips
institutions organizatio organizati organizatio mapping
and ns. on ns. tools.
organizati partnershi
ons by ps.
2025 to
integrate
banana
peel paper
production
into
educationa
l curricula
and
extracurric
ular
activities.
By 2025, Increase 30% Increase Tracked Annual Treasure
boost banana peel increase banana peel within the ly r of
banana production, in annual collection banana peel PeelCraf
peel paper expand sales. to have collection ters
production local high annual and
, expand markets, sales. expanded
local increase local
markets, annual markets.
increase sales, and
annual invest in
sales by eco-
30%, and friendly
invest in marketing.
eco-
friendly
marketing.
3. Collaborate with local communities and governments, businesses, and NGOs to
organize awareness campaigns, workshops, and educational programs on waste
management and sustainable practices, involving communities in banana peel collection
efforts.
By 2025, Collaborati At least Increase Tracked Monthl Director
collaborate on with 10 collaborati within y of
with local local awarenes on with the collaborati Outreach
communiti communiti s partnership. on with the and
es, es, ommitt partnership. partnersh
governme businesses, e, ips
nts, and NGOs. ommitt
businesses e, and
 13

, and education
NGOs to al
organize at programs
least 10 on waste
awareness managem
campaigns ent.
,
workshops
, and
educationa
l programs
on waste
manageme
nt and
sustainable
practices.
By the end Developme At least Increase in Tracked Annual Director
of 2024, nt and 500 the within the ly of
develop implementa communit developme implementa Outreach
and tion of y nt and tion of and
implement training members implementa training Partners
training programs. can have tion of programs. hips
programs knowledg training
to equip at e and programs.
least 500 skills for
communit effective
y members banana
annually peel
with the collection
knowledge and waste
and skills managem
for ent.
effective
banana
peel
collection,
and waste
manageme
nt.
By the end Establishm Support Increase in Tracked Monthl Director
of 2024, ent of local community within the y of
facilitate community communit initiatives facilitation Operatio
the initiatives ies in for of ns
establishm for banana organizin organizing establishin
ent of peel g collection g
communit collection. collection activities. community
y activities. initiatives.
initiatives
for banana
peel
collection
and waste
manageme
nt to
support
local
ommitte
 14

e in
organizing
collection
activities.

Chapter X
ENDORSEMENT
The success of the “Eco-friendly Paper Production” project relies heavily on

endorsement with various stakeholders:

• Partnerships with local banana chips, banana cue, and turon vendors, markets, and

households within Region IV-A CALABARZON are crucial for the collection and

donation of banana peels. These stakeholders will provide the raw material

necessary for paper production and help divert banana peels from the waste stream.

• The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) will provide support for future

projects and access to research and technological resources. Partnerships with

government agencies such as the Department of Agriculture (DOA) and the

Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (DENR) are essential for

broadening the project’s reach and maximizing its impact. These partnerships will

ensure a sustainable supply chain for banana peels and facilitate the integration of

eco-friendly paper production into wider environmental initiatives.

• Volunteers, this project transcends individual interests, aiming to foster positive

social, economic, and environmental impacts for various stakeholders, including

students, educators, environmental advocates, residents, and future generations,

aligning with the objectives of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

Chapter XI
NEXT STEPS
Next Step 1. Readers should approach the proposal with an open mind, prepared to

investigate and assess any possible implications of establishing a sustainable and eco-

friendly process for banana peel collection, processing, and paper production, contributing

to circular economy principles.

 15

Next Step 2. Readers should note specific strategies for developing a cost-effective and

scalable business model for banana peel paper production, demonstrating its positive

economic contribution, benefits for education, and potential for commercialization.

Next Step 3. Readers are encouraged to share the information they have gained from the

proposal with others for potential increased collaboration with local communities and

governments, businesses, and NGOs to organize awareness campaigns, workshops, and

educational programs on waste management and sustainable practices, involving

communities in banana peel collection efforts.

Chapter XII
APPENDIX
The story of PeelCrafters is full of passion, discovery, and collaboration. It all began

way back in October 2022 when seven students of Bachelor of Secondary Education majors

in Mathematics at Batangas State University – The National Engineering University

ARASOF – Nasugbu campus, came together with shared ideas with one dream. Their

journey all started in the classroom during a group project, where they had to tackle food

waste while creating sustainable products.

As they gathered ideas from one another to make innovative solutions, they came to

the idea of making banana peel waste an alternative to paper production. This discovery of

eco-friendly paper production started the birth of the organization PeelCrafters with a

mission to create eco-friendly paper products out of banana peels. PeelCrafters was guided

by thorough research, from their initial concept paper for the Professional Education course

into scientific studies that validate their ideas, they help to make innovative solutions that

will contribute to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

However, PeelCrafters knew their journey wouldn’t be possible without the support of

others. They reached out to local vendors, markets, and households for donations of banana

peels, forming partnerships that would become the backbone of their project. They also

asked for support from government agencies like the Department of Science and

Technology (DOST), which provided resources and expertise to make their vision possible.

PeelCrafters’ story is one of resilience and determination. In a testament to their

dedication and innovation, PeelCrafters was awarded the prestigious title of “Green
 16

Innovator of the Year” in the school year 2022-2023. This award served as proof of their

dedication and hard work to make positive changes in the environment and to inspire future

generations.

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many-trees-cut-down-each-year/

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