INFRASTRUCTURE

*Facilities
1. Establish separate toilet rooms, lavatories and lounge for men, women and persons
with disabilities and provide at least a dressing room for women;
2. Provide breast feeding centers for women in public buildings and facilities.
3. Provide Building Permit on all structures as stated in Section 301 of the National
Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096) and its implementing Rules and Regulation
for the safety men and women who are using the Building/Infrastructure as stated in
Section 104 of the National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096).
Section 301 - Building Permit:
No person, firm or corporation, including government instrumentalities shall
erect, alter, repair, move, convert and demolish any building or structures or cause the
same to be done without first obtaining building permit therefore from the office of the
building official assigned in the place where the subject building or structure is located
or the building is to be done.
SECTION 104. – General Building Requirements
(a) All buildings or structures as well as accessory facilities thereto shall conform in all
respects to the principles of safe construction and must be suited to the purpose for
which they are designed.
(b) Buildings or structures intended to be used for the manufacture and/or production
of any kind of article or product shall observe adequate environmental safeguards.
(c) Buildings or structures and all parts thereof as well as all facilities found therein shall
be maintained in safe, sanitary and good working condition.

*Accessibilities
SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exits, and Occupant Loads
(a) General. The construction of stairs and exits shall conform to the occupant load
requirements of buildings, reviewing stands, bleachers, and grandstands.
(1) Determination of Occupant Loads. The occupant load permitted in any
building or portion thereof shall be determined by dividing the floor area
assigned to that use by the unit area allowed per occupant as determined by the
Secretary.
 (2) Exit Requirements. Exist requirements of a building or portion thereof used
for different purposes shall be determined by the occupant load which gives the
largest number of persons. No obstruction shall be placed in the required width
of an exit except projections permitted by this Code.
(3) Posting of Room Capacity. Any room having an occupant load of more than
50 where fixed seats are not installed, and which is used for classroom,
assembly, or similar purpose shall have the capacity of the room posted in a
conspicuous place near the main exit from the room.
(4) Changes in Elevation. Except in Group A Occupancies, changes in floor
elevations of less than 300 millimeters along any exit serving a tributary
occupant load of 10 or more shall be by means of ramps:
(b) Exits
(1) Number of Exits. Every building or usable portion thereof shall have at lease
one exit. In all occupancies, floors above the first storey having an occupant load
of more than 10 shall not have less than two exits. Each mezzanine floor used for
other than storage purposes, if greater in area than 185 square meters or more
than 18.00 meters in any dimension, shall have at least two stairways to an
adjacent floor. Every storey or portion thereof, having an occupant load of 500
to 999 shall have at least three exits. Every storey or portion thereof having an
occupant load of 1000 or more shall have at least four (4) exits. The number of
exits required from any storey of a building shall be determined by using the
occupant loads of floors which exit through the level under consideration as
follows: 50 percent of the occupant load in the first adjacent storey above (and
the first adjacent storey below, when a storey below exits through the level
under consideration) and 25 percent of the occupant load in the storey
immediately beyond the first adjacent storey. The maximum number of exits
required for any storey shall be maintained until egress is provided from the
structures. For purposes of this Section basement or cellars and occupied roofs
shall be provided with exits as required for storeys. Floors above the second
storey, basements and cellars used for other than service of the building shall
have not less than two exits.
(2) Width. The total width of exits in meters shall not be less than the total
occupant load served divided by 165. Such width of exits shall be divided
approximately equally among the separate exits. The total exit width required
from any storey of a building shall be determined by using the occupant load of
that storey plus the percentage of the occupant loads of floors which exits
through the level under consideration as follows: fifty (50) percent of the
occupant load in the first adjacent storey above (and the first adjacent storey
 below when a storey below exits through the level under consideration) and
twenty five percent of the occupant load in the storey immediately beyond the
first adjacent storey. The maximum exit width from any storey of a building shall
be maintained.
(3) Arrangement of Exits. If only two exits are required they shall be placed a
distance apart to not less than one-fifth of the perimeter of the area served
measured in a straight line between exits. Where three or more exits are
required they shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart so that if one
becomes blocked, the others will be available.
(4) Distance to Exists. No point in a building without a sprinkler system shall be
more than 45.00 meters from an exterior exit door, a horizontal exit, exit
passageway, or an enclosed stairway, measured along the line of travel. In a
building equipped with a complete automatic fire extinguishing system the
distance from exits may be increased to 60.00 meters.
(c) Doors. The provisions herein shall apply to every exit door serving an area having
an occupant load of more than 10, or serving hazardous rooms or areas.
(1) Swing. Exit door shall swing in the direction of exit travel when serving any
hazardous areas or when serving an occupant load of 50 or more. Double acting
doors shall not be used as exits serving a tributary occupant load of more than
100; nor shall they be used as a part of fire assembly, nor equipped with panic
hardware. A double acting door shall be provided with a view panel of not less
than 1,300 square centimeters.
(2) Type of Lock or Latch. Exit door shall be openable from the inside without
the use of a key or any special knowledge or effort: Except, that this requirement
shall not apply to exterior exit doors in a group E or F Occupancy if there is a
conspicuous, readily visible and durable sign on or adjacent to the door, stating
that the door is to remain unlocked during business hours. The locking device
must be of a type that will readily be distinguishable as locked. Flush bolts or
surface bolts are prohibited.
(3) Width and Height. Every required exit doorway shall be of a size as to permit
the installation of a door not less than 900 millimeters in width and not less than
2.00 meters in height. When installed in exit doorways, exit doors shall be
capable of opening at least 90 degrees and shall be so mounted that the clear
width of the exitway is not less than 700 millimeters. In computing the required
exit width the net dimension of the exitway shall be used.
 (4) Door Leaf Width. No leaf of an exit door shall exceed 1.20 meters in width.
(5) Special Doors. Revolving, sliding, and overhead doors shall not be used as
required exits.
(6) Egress from Door. Every required exit door shall give immediate access to an
approved means of egress from the building.
(7) Change in Floor Level at Doors. Regardless of the occupant load there shall
be a floor or landing on each side of an exit door. The floor or landing shall be
leveled with, or not The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) 33 more than 50
millimeters lower than the threshold of the doorway: Except, that in Group A
and B Occupancies, a door may open on the top step of a flight of stairs or an
exterior landing provided the door does not swing over the top step or exterior
landing and the landing is not more than 200 millimeters below the floor level.
(8) Door Identification. Glass doors shall conform to the requirements in Section
1805. Other exit doors shall be so marked that they are readily distinguishable
from the adjacent construction.
(9) Additional Doors. When additional doors are provided for egress purposes,
they shall conform to all provisions in the following cases: Approved revolving
doors having leaves which will collapse under opposing pressures may be used in
exit situations; provided; that such doors have a minimum width of 2.00 meters
or they are not used in occupancies where exits are required to be equipped
with panic hardware or at least one conforming exit door is located adjacent to
each revolving doors installed in a building and the revolving door shall not be
considered to provide nay exit width.
(d) Corridors and Exterior Exit Balconies. The provisions herein shall apply to every
corridor and exterior exit balcony serving as a required exit for an occupant load of
more than ten.
(1) Width. Every corridor or exit balcony shall not be less than 1.10 meters in
width.
(2) Projections. The required width of corridors and exterior exit balconies shall
be unobstructed. Except, that trim handrails, and doors when fully opened shall
not reduce the required width by more than 200 millimeters. Doors in any
position shall not reduce the required width of the corridor by more than one-
half.
(3) Access to Exits. When more than one exit is required, they shall be so
arranged to allow going to either direction from any point in the corridor or
exterior exit balcony to a separate exit, except for dead ends permitted by this
Code.
 (4) Dead Ends. Corridors and exterior exit balconies with dead ends are
permitted when the dead end does not exceed 6.00 meters in length.
(5) Construction. Walls and ceilings of corridors shall not be less than one-hour
fireresistive construction. Provided, that this requirement shall not apply to
exterior exit balconies, railings, and corridors of one-storey building housing a
Group E and F Occupancy occupied by one tenant only and which serves an
occupant load of 30 or less, nor to corridors, formed by temporary partitions.
Exterior exit balconies shall not project into an area where protected openings
are required.
(6) Openings. Where corridor wall are required to be one-hour fire-resistive
construction, every interior door opening shall be protected as set forth in
generally recognized and accepted requirements for dual purpose fire exit doors.
Other interior openings except ventilation louvers equipped with approved
automatic fire shutters shall be 7 millimeters thick fixed wire glass set in steel
frames. The total area of all openings other than doors, in any portion of an
interior corridor wall shall not exceed twenty-five percent of the area of the
corridor wall of the room being separated from the corridor.
(e) Stairways. Except stairs or ladders used only to access equipment, every stairway
serving any building or portion thereof shall conform to the following requirements:
(1) Width. Stairways serving an occupant load of more than 50 shall not be less
than 1.10 meters. Stairways serving an occupant load of 50 or less may be 900
millimeters wide. Private stairways serving an occupant load of less than 10 may
be 750 millimeters. Trim and handrails shall not reduce the required width by
more than 100 millimeters.
(2) Rise and Run. The rise of every step in a stairway shall not exceed 200
millimeters and the run shall not be less than 250 millimeters. The maximum
variations in the height of risers and the width of treads in any one flight shall be
5 millimeters: Except, in case of private stairways serving an occupant load of
less than 10, the rise may be 200 millimeters and the run may be 250
millimeters, except as provided in sub-paragraph (3) below.
(3) Winding Stairways. In Group A Occupancy and in private stairways in Group
B Occupancies, winders may be used if the required width of run is provided at a
point not more than 300 millimeters from the side of the stairway where the
treads are narrower but in no case shall any width of run be less than 150
millimeters at any point.
(4) Circular Stairways. Circular stairs may be used as an exit provided the
minimum width of run is not less than 250 millimeters. All treads in any one
flight between landings shall have identical dimensions within a 5 millimeter
tolerance. The National Building Code (P.D. 1096) 34
(5) Landings. Every landing shall have a dimension measured in the direction of
travel equal to the width of the stairway. Such dimension need not exceed 1.20
meters when the stairs has a straight run. Landings when provided shall not be
reduced in width by more than 100 millimeters by a door when fully open.
(6) Basement Stairways. Where a basement stairway and a stairway to an upper
storey terminate in the same exit enclosure, an approved barrier shall be
provided to prevent persons from continuing on to the basements. Directional
exit signs shall be provided as specified in this Code.
(7) Distance Between Landings. There shall be not more than 3.60 meters
vertical distance between landings.
(8) Handrails. Stairways shall have handrails on each side and every stairway
required to be more than 3.00 meters in width shall be provided with not less
than one intermediate handrail for each 3.00 meters of required width.
Intermediate handrails shall be spaced approximately equal within the entire
width of the stairway. Handrails shall be placed not less than 800 millimeters nor
more than 900 millimeters above the nosing of treads, and ends of handrails
shall be returned or shall terminate in newel posts or safety terminals: Except, in
the following cases: Stairways 1.10 meters or less in width and stairways serving
one individual dwelling unit in Group A or B Occupancies may have one handrail,
except that such stairway, open on one or both, sides shall have handrails
provided on the open side or sides: or stairways having less than four risers need
not have handrails.
(9) Exterior Stairway Protection. All openings in the exterior wall below or
within 3.00 meters, measured horizontally, of an exterior exit stairway serving a
building over two storeys in height shall be protected by a self-closing fire
assembly having a three-fourths hour fireresistive rating: Except, that openings
may be unprotected when two separated exterior stairways serve an exterior
exit balcony.
(10a) Stairways Construction - Interior. Interior stairways shall be constructed as
specified in this Code. Where there is enclosed usable space under the stairs the
walls and soffits of the enclosed space shall be protected on the enclosed side as
required for one-hour fire resistive construction.
(10b) Stairway Construction - Exterior. Exterior stairways shall be of
incombustible material: Except, that on Type III buildings which do not exceed
two storeys in height, which are located in less fire-restrictive Fire Zones, as well
 as on Type I buildings which may be of wood not less than 50 millimeters in
nominal thickness. Exterior stairs shall be protected as required for exterior walls
due to location on property as specified in this Code. Exterior stairways shall not
project into an area where openings are required to be protected. Where there
is enclosed usable space under stairs, the walls and soffits of the enclosed space
shall be protected on the enclosed side as required for one-hour fire-resistive
construction.
(11) Stairway to Roof. In every building four or more storeys in height, one
stairway shall extend to the roof unless the roof has C slope greater than 1 in 3.
(12) Headroom. Every required stairway shall have a headroom clearance of not
less than 2.00 meters. Such clearance shall be established by measuring
vertically from a plane parallel and tangent to the stairway tread nosing to the
soffit above all points.
(f) Ramps.
A ramp conforming to the provisions of this Code may be used as an exit. The
width of ramps shall be as required for corridors.
(g) Horizontal Exit.
If conforming to the provisions of this Code, a horizontal exit may be considered
as the required exit. All openings in a separation wall shall be protected by a fire
assembly having a fire-resistive rating of not less than one hour. A horizontal exit
shall not lead into a floor area having a capacity for an occupant load not less
than the occupant load served by such exit. The capacity shall be determined by
allowing 0.30 square meter of net floor area per ambulatory occupant and 1.90
square meters per non-ambulatory occupant. The dispersal area into which the
horizontal exit leads shall be provided with exits as required by this Code.
(h) Exit Enclosure.
Every interior stairway, ramp, or escalator shall be enclosed as specified in this
Code: Except, that in other than Group D Occupancies, an enclosure will not be
required for stairway, ramp, or escalator serving only one adjacent floor and not
connected with corridors or stairways serving other floors. Stairs in Group A
Occupancies need not be enclosed.
(1) Enclosure walls shall not be less than two-hour fire-resistive construction.
There shall be no openings into exit enclosures except exit doorways and
openings in exterior walls. All exit doors in an exit enclosure shall be
appropriately protected.
 (2) Stairway and ramp enclosures shall include landings and parts of floors
connecting stairway flights and shall include a corridor on the ground floor
leading from the stairway to the exterior of the building. Enclosed corridors or
passageways are not required for unenclosed stairways.
(3) A stairway in an exit enclosure shall not continue below the grade level exit
unless an approved barrier is provided at the ground floor level to prevent
persons from accidentally continuing into the basement.
(4) There shall be no enclosed usable space under stairways in an exit enclosure,
nor shall the open space under such stairways be used for any purpose.
(i) Smokeproof Enclosures
A smokeproof enclosure shall consist of a vestibule and a continuous stairway
enclosed from the highest point to the lowest point by walls of two-hour fire-resistive
construction. In buildings five storeys or more in height, one of the required exits shall
be a smokeproof enclosure.
(1) Stairs in smokeproof enclosures shall be of incombustible construction.
(2) There shall be no openings in smokeproof enclosures, except exit doorways
and openings in exterior walls. There shall be no openings directly into the
interior of the building. Access shall be through a vestibule with one wall at least
fifty percent open to the exterior and having an exit door from the interior of the
building and an exit door leading to the smokeproof enclosure. In lieu of a
vestibule, access may be by way of an open exterior balcony of incombustible
materials.
(3) The opening from the building to the vestibule or balcony shall be protected
with a self-closing fire assembly having one-hour fire-resistive rating. The
opening from the vestibule or balcony to the stair tower shall be protected by a
self-closing fire assembly having a one-hour fire-resistive rating.
(4) A smokeproof enclosure shall exit into a public way or into an exit
passageway leading to a public way. The exit passageway shall be without other
openings and shall have walls, floors, and ceilings of two-hour fire-resistance.
(5) A stairway in a smokeproof enclosure shall not continue below the grade
level exit unless an approved barrier is provided at a ground floor level to
prevent persons from accidentally walking into the basement.
(j) Exit Outlets, Courts, and Passageways
Every exit shall discharge into a public way, exit court, or exit passageway. Every
exit court shall discharge into a public way or an exit passageway. Passageways shall be
without openings other than required exits and shall have walls, floors, and ceilings of
the same period of fire-resistance as the walls, floors and ceilings of the building but
shall not be less than one-hour fire-resistive construction.
(1) Width. Every exit court and exit passageways shall be at least as wide as the
required total width of the tributary exits, such required width being based on
the occupant load served. The required width of exit courts or exit passageways
shall be unobstructed except as permitted in corridors. At any point where the
width of an exit court is reduced from any cause, the reduction in width shall be
affected gradually by a guardrail at least 900 millimeters in height. The guardrail
shall make an angle of not more than 30 degrees with the axis of the exit court.
(2) Slope. The slope of exit courts shall not exceed 1 in 10. The slope of exit
passageway shall not exceed 1 in 8.
(3) Number of Exits. Every exit court shall be provided with exits as required in
this Code.
(4) Openings. All openings into an exit court less than 3.00 meters wide shall be
protected by fire assemblies having not less than three-fourth hour fire-resistive
rating. Except, that openings more than 3.00 meters above the floor of the exit
court may be unprotected.
(k) Exit Signs and Illuminations
Exits shall be illuminated at any time the building is occupied with lights having
an intensity of not less than 10.7 lux at floor level: Except, that for Group A Occupancies,
the exit illumination shall The be provided with separate circuits or separated sources of
power (but not necessarily separate from exit signs when these are required for exit sign
illumination)
(l) Aisles
Every portion or every building in which are installed seats, tables, merchandise,
equipment, or similar materials shall be provided with aisles leading to an exit.
(1) Width. Every aisle shall be not less than 800 millimeters wide if serving only
one side, and not less than 1 meter wide if serving both sides. Such minimum
width shall be measured at the point farthest from an exit, cross aisle, or foyer
and shall be increased by 30 millimeters for every meter in length towards the
exit, cross aisle or foyer. Side aisles shall not be less than 1.10 meters in width.
(2) Exit Distance. In areas occupied by seats and in Groups H and I Occupancies
without seats, the line of travel to an exit door by an aisle shall be not more than
45.00 meters. With standard spacing, as specified in this Code, aisles shall be so
located that there will be not more than seven seats between the wall and an
 aisle and not more than fourteen seats between aisles. The number of seats
between aisles may be increased to 30 where exits doors are provided along
each side aisle of the row of seats at the rate of one pair of exit doors for every
five rows of seats, provided further that the distance between seats back to back
is at least one meter. Such exit doors shall provide a minimum clear width of
1.70 meters.
(3) Cross aisles. Aisles shall terminate in a cross aisle, foyer, or exit. The width of
the cross aisle shall be not less than the sum of the required width of the widest
aisle plus fifty percent of the total required width of the remaining aisle leading
thereto. In Groups C, H and E Occupancies, aisles shall not be provided a dead
end greater than 6.00 meters in length.
(4) Vomitories. Vomitories connecting the foyer or main exit with the cross aisles
shall have a total width not less than the sum of the required width of the widest
aisles leading thereto plus fifty percent of the total required width of the
remaining aisles leading thereto.
(5) Slope. The slope portion of aisles shall not exceed a fall of 1 in 8.
(m) Seats
(1) Seat Spacing. With standard seating, the spacing of rows of seats from back-
to-back shall be not less than 840 millimeters. With continental seating, the
spacing of rows of unoccupied seats shall provide a clear width measured
horizontally, as follows: 450 millimeters clear for rows of 18 seats or less; 500
millimeters clear for rows of 35 seats or less; 525 millimeters clear for rows of 45
seats or less; and 550 millimeters clear for rows of 46 seats or more.
(2) Width. The width of any seat shall be not less than 450 millimeters.
(n) Reviewing Stands, Grandstands, and Bleachers
(1) Height of Stands. Stands made of combustible framing shall be limited to 11
rows or 2.70 meters in height.
(2) Design Requirements. The minimum unit live load for reviewing stands,
grandstands, and bleachers shall be 500 kilograms per square meter of
horizontal projection for the structure as a whole. Seat and footboards shall be
180 kilograms per linear meter. The sway force, applied to seats, shall be 35
kilograms per linear meter parallel to the seats and 15 kilograms per linear meter
perpendicular to the seats. Sway forces need not be applied simultaneously with
other lateral forces.
(3) Spacing of Seats
 (3.1) Row Spacing. The minimum spacing of rows of seats measured from
back-toback shall be: 600 millimeters for seats without backrests in open
air stands; 750 millimeters for seats with backrests; and 850 millimeters
for chair seating. There shall be a space of not less than 300 millimeters
between the back of each seat and the front of the seat immediately
behind it.
(3.2) Rise Between Rows. The maximum rise from one row of seats to the
next shall not exceed 400 millimeters.
(3.3) Seating Capacity. For determining the seating capacity of a stand,
the width of any seat shall not be less than 450 millimeters nor more
than 480 millimeters.
(3.4) Number of Seats Between Aisles. The number of seats between any
seat and an aisle shall not be greater than 15 for open air stands with
seats without backrests, a far open air stands with seats having backrests
and seats without backrests within buildings and 6 for seats with
backrests in buildings.
(4) Aisles
(4.1) Aisles Required. Aisles shall be provided in all stands; Except, that
aisles may be omitted when all the following conditions exist: Seats are
without backrests; the rise from row to row does not exceed 300
millimeters per row; the number of rows does not exceed 11 in height;
the top seating board is not over 3.00 meters above grade; and the first
seating board is not more than 500 millimeters above grade.
(4.2) Obstructions. No obstruction shall be placed in the required width
of any aisle or exitway.
(4.3) Stairs Required. When an aisle is elevated more than 200
millimeters above grade, the aisle shall be provided with a stairway or
ramp whose width is not less than the width of the aisle.
(4.4) Dead End. No vertical aisle shall have a dead end more than 16
rows in depth regardless of the number of exits required.
(4.5) Width. Aisles shall have a minimum width of 1.10 meters.
(5) Stairs and Ramps
The requirements in this Code shall apply to all stairs and ramps except for
portions that pass through the seating area.
 (5.1) Stair Rise and Run. The maximum rise of treads shall not exceed 200
millimeters and the minimum width of the run shall be 280 millimeters.
The maximum variation in the width of treads in any one flight shall not
be more than 5 millimeters and the maximum variation in one height of
two adjacent rises shall not exceed 5 millimeters.
(5.2) Ramp Slope. The slope of a ramp shall not exceed 1 in 8. Ramps shall
be roughened or shall be of approved nonslip material.
(5.3) Handrails. A ramp with a slope exceeding 1 in 10 shall have
handrails. Stairs for stands shall have handrails. Handrails shall conform
to the requirements of this Code.
(6) Guardrails
(6.1) Guardrails shall be required in all locations where the top of a seat
plank is more than 1.20 meters above the grade and at the front of
stands elevated more than 600 millimeters above grade. Where only
sections of stands are used, guardrails shall be provided as required in
this Code.
(6.2) Railings shall be 1.10 meters above the rear of a seat plank or 1.10
meters above the rear of the steps in an aisle when the guardrail is
parallel and adjacent to the aisle: Except, that the height may be reduced
to 900 millimeters for guardrails located in front of the grandstand.
(6.3) A midrail shall be placed adjacent to any seat to limit the open
distance above the top of any part of a seat to 250 millimeters where the
seat is at the extreme end or at the extreme rear of the bleachers or
grandstand. The intervening space shall have one additional rail midway
in the opening: Except, that railings may be omitted when stands are
placed directly against a wall or fence giving equivalent protection; stairs
and ramps shall be provided with guardrails. Handrails at the front of
stands and adjacent to an aisle shall be designed to resist a load of 75
kilograms per linear meter applied at the top rail. Other handrails shall be
designed to resist a load of 40 kilograms per linear meter.
(7) Foot Boards
Footboards shall be provided for all rows of seats above the third row or
beginning at such point where the seating plank is more than 600 millimeters
above grade.
(8) Exits
 (8.1) Distance to Exit. The line of travel to an exit shall not be
more than 45.00 meters. For stands with seats without backseats this
distance may be measured by direct line from a seat to the exit from the
stand.
(8.2) Aisle Used as Exit. An aisle may be considered as only one
exit unless it is continuous at both ends to a legal building exit or to a safe
dispersal area.
(8.3) Two Exits Required. A stand with the first seating board not
more than 500 millimeters above grade of floor may be considered to
have two exits when the bottom of the stand is open at both ends. Every
stand or section of a stand within a building shall have at least two means
of egress when the stand accommodates more than 50 persons. Every
open air stand having seats without backrests shall have at least two
means of egress when the stand accommodates more than 300 persons.
(8.4) Three Exits Required. Three exits shall be required for stands
within a building when there are more than 300 occupants within a stand
and for open air stands with seats without backrests where a stand or
section of a stand accommodates more than 1000 occupants.
(8.5) Four Exits Required. Four exits shall be required when a
stand or section of a stand accommodates more than 1000 occupants:
Except, that for an open air stand with seats without backrest four exits
need not be provided unless there are accommodations for more than
3000 occupants.
(8.6) Width. The total width of exits in meters shall not be less
than the total occupant load served divided by 165: Except, that
for open air stands with seats without backrest the total width of
exits in meters shall be not less than the total occupant load
served divided by 500 when exiting by stairs, and divided by 650
when exiting by ramps or horizontally. When both horizontal and
stair exits are used, the total width of exits shall be determined by
using both figures as applicable. No exit shall be less than 1.10
meters in width. Exits shall be located at a reasonable distance
apart. When only two exits are provided, they shall be spaced not
less than one-fifth of the perimeter apart.
(9) Securing of Chairs
Chairs and benches used on raised stands shall be secured to the
platforms upon which they are placed: Except, that when less than 25
 chairs are used upon a single raised platform the fastening of seats to the
platform may be omitted. When more than 500 loose chairs are used in
connection with athletic events, chairs shall be fastened together in
groups of not less than three, and shall be tied or staked to the ground.
(10) Safe Dispersal Area
Each safe dispersal area shall have at least two exits. If more than
6000 persons are to be accommodated within such an area, there shall
be a minimum of three exits, and for more than 9000 persons there shall
be a minimum of four exits. The aggregate clear width of exits from a safe
dispersal area shall be determined on the basis of not less than one exit
unit of 600 millimeters for each 500 persons to be accommodated and no
exit shall be less than 1.10 meters in width, a reasonable distance apart
but shall be spaced not less than one-fifth of the perimeter of the area
apart from each other.
(o) Special Hazards
(1) Boiler Rooms. Except in Group A Occupancies, every boiler room and
every room containing an incinerator or liquefied petroleum gas or liquid
fuel-fired equipment shall be provided with at least two means of egress,
one of which may be a ladder. All interior openings shall be protected as
provided for in this Code.
(2) Cellulose Nitrate Handling. Film laboratories, projection rooms, and
nitro-cellulose processing rooms shall have not less than two exits.