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Mini Project Report Sample

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Mini Project Report Sample

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Sachin Rathod
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© © All Rights Reserved
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A

MINI PROJECT REPORT ON

SHUTTERGUARD

Submitted by

Mr.BhujbalGanesh Examseat No.T150603004


Mr.KaleSuyam Examseat No.T150603020
Mr.ManjarekarKetan Examseat No. T150603024

Under the guidance of


Prof. Neha Dumne

Dhole Patil College of Engineering, Pune


Department of Electronics &Telecommunication Engineering

Savitribai Phule Pune University


2023-2024
DHOLE PATIL EDUCATION SOCIETY’s
DHOLE PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade,
1284, Near Eon IT Park Kharadi, Dhole Patil College Road, Wagholi,Pune- 412207
Website: www.dpcoepune.edu.in E-mail: [email protected]

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Mini Project entitled ‘SHUTTER GUARD’ submitted by Bhujbal
Ganesh (Exam Seat No: T150603004), Kale Suyam (Exam Seat No: T150603020),
Manjarekar Ketan (Exam Seat No: T150603024) is a record of bonafide work carried out
under my guidance in the partial fulfillment and the requirement of the T.E. Electronics &
Telecommunication Engineering, 2019 Course of Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune in the
academic year 2023- 2024.

Guide Name:Prof.Neha Dumne

Prof.Dr.Omprakash Rajankar External Examiner


H.O.D.

Date: / /2024 Prof.Dr.B.M. Shinde


Place:Wagholi,Dist.:Pune. Principal
Contents
Ch. Page
No. Topic
No.
List of Figures……………………………………………………………………. 4
List of Abbreviations…………………………………………………………….. 5
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………... 6
1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 7
1.1Overview
1.2Necessity
1.3Objectives
1.4ProblemStatement…………………………………………………………….. 8

2. Literature Survey………………………………………………………………… 9
2.1OverviewandPurposeofLiteratureSurvey
2.2LiteratureReview……………………………………………………………... 10

2.3Demerits of Existing System………………………………………………….. 11


3. System Description………………………………………………………………. 12
3.1SystemBlock Diagram
3.1.1 Time Delay Unit
3.1.2 Triggering Unit…………………………………...……………………… 13
3.1.3 Tone Generator Unit
3.1.4 Lightening Circuit………………………………………………………... 15
3.1.5 Transistor Amplifier
3.1.6 Piezoelectric Sensor
4. System Implementation………………………………………………………….. 16
4.1CircuitDiagramandDescription
4.1.1 Time Delay Circuit
4.1.2 Triggering Circuit………………………………………………………... 17
4.1.3 Alarm Circuit
4.2PCBLayout…………………………………………………………………… 18
5. Results…………………………………………………………………………….. 19

5.1 Discussion of Result


5.2 Advantages and 20
disadvantages…………………………………………………………
6. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………... 21
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Applications
6.3 Future Scope
References…………………………………………………………………………
List of Figures

Fig.3.1 BlockDiagramofProposedSystem.............................................................................12
Fig.3.2 MonostableMultivibrator..........................................................................................13
Fig.3.3 BlockDiagramofUM3561........................................................................................14
Fig.4.1 CircuitDiagramofProposedSystem...........................................................................16
Fig.4.2P CBLayoutforProposedCircuit.................................................................................18
ListofAbbreviations

IC IntegratedCircuit
TRIAC TriodeforAlternating Current
PIR PassiveInfra-Red
CMOS ComplementaryMetalOxide Semiconductor
CD CMOS Device
RC Resistor-Capacitor
ROM Read OnlyMemory
LED LightEmittingDiode
ZD ZenerDiode
PCB PrintedCircuit Board
Abstract

This project focuses on a safety system designed against thefts and burglaries in shops, offices,
warehouses,etc. The purpose of this project is to design and implement analarmsystemthatsenses
thepresenceofathieforburglarandproducesaloudsoundtoalerttheownersorauthoritiesthus
preventing loss of money, property, goods, intellectual possessions or even life.

Security systems are gaining increased importance in recent times to protect life and valuable
resources. Many advanced methods of providing security have been developed and are in use in
the last few decades. One important area is the security system required for military/strategic
applications, which has advanced greatly. But such systems being complex and expensive are
usefultohighendapplicationsonly.However,withrecentprogressintechnologyandthegrowing
needforincreasedsecurityincivilianandotherapplications,manylow-costsolutionsforsecurity
systems have now emerged. In the field of Shutter Guard Systems, using modern approaches has
becomeamajormeansofprovidingsecurityinall applications,bothmilitaryandcivilian.Dueto high
state of insecurity being experienced in the entire world, the need to keep the occupants of the
property aware of any intrusion into their premises forms part of the project.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
Shutter Guards are the latest addition to the burglar-proofing market, or should we say the
shutter market. Our project is a sensor which is made for shops to protect against burglary.
It will detect any mechanical or acoustic vibration in its surrounding when somebody tries
to break the shutter and immediately switch on a lamp and sound a warning alarm. A time
delay (let say of 15 mins) which is given after switch-on allows enough time for the shop
owner to close the shutter.
In Europe, America and locally, these are particularly popular for lock up and go type
residential applications. Over and above these benefits, the shutter guard looks the same as
any other type, they are also resistant to corrosive effects of outdoor applications and offer
alltheotherqualitiesassociatedwithshuttersingeneral.Thesearenowthefastestgrowing product
in the industry. This provides a sense of security and privacy to the openings and
doorwaysinanyroom.Practicalimplementationofthissystemiseasilypossible.Itismade forthe
shops to protect against burglary, thefts and robberies. With the help of this security system
the human effort can be reduced.

1.2 Necessity
The anti-social activities like theft, robbery and burglary are increasing day by day.
Nowadays,oneofthemostanti-socialactivitycausingheadachetocivilizedsocietyistheft. So, it
should be destroyed at any cost. Our project “Shutter Guard” is a good showcase for how
to prevent this theft in shops and other establishments.

1.3 Objective
Therearemainly3sectionsinourproject.Theyare,timedelaycircuit,triggeringcircuitand alarm
circuit. For this 3 ICs are used. Theyare IC 4060 (IC 1) for time delay circuit, IC 555
(IC2)fortriggeringcircuitandICUM3561(IC3)foralarmcircuit.Inadditiontothisapiezo
electricelementisused.Itisasensingelementwhichcanproducemechanicalvibrationeven
alightmovement.Thesevibrationsofthepiezoelectricelementgivesufficienttriggertothe
triggeringcircuit. Twotransistors areused in thisproject, oneis BC547 (T1)whichis used
toamplifythepiezosensorsignalandtriggerthe monostable IC(555and secondoneisthe TRIAC
BT 136 which completes the lamp circuit.

1.4 ProblemStatement
In today’s world, the crime rates are ever rising. With the difference between the rich and
the poor becoming more and more prominent day by day, thefts, burglaries and robberies
areontherisemorethaneverbefore.Hardlydoes adaypasswithoutushearingaburglary, robbery
or a shoplifting incident. Not only do people lose their property to the robbers but
alsolosetheirliveswhentheytrytoputupaspiritedfightagainsttherobberswhoarearmed. As a
result, people have been living in constant fear of being attacked by robbers.
Installingofashutterguardsystemcanprotectpropertiesfromburglarsandcriminals.Office
premises,warehouses,banksetc.havepremiseswhichareoutofboundstomanyindividuals
except for a few select employees. Shop owners, managers and employers are in constant
fear that people will gain entry into unauthorized premises and make away with either
money,vitalinformationorgoods.Itisthereforenecessarytoinstallshutterguardsystemto notify
for any intrusion into the unauthorized premises.
2. LITERATURESURVEY

2.1. OverviewandPurposeofLiteratureSurvey
When one mentions shutter guards it's not unreasonable to think of high-tech devices
developed in the silicon age. The truth is, the concept of an alarm system is one that was
invented long before that. For thousands of years man has used animals, more notably the
dog, to guardand alert him ofanyonetryingto tamperorsteel his valuables. In theMiddle
Ageslargegongswereusedtowarnapopulationofimpendingdoomorlargebonfireslitto warn of
imminent invasion.
As important as these developments were, it was not until 1852 that the first electro-
mechanical alarm system was invented. Edwin Holmes was an American Inventor from
Boston Massachusetts; the alarm he devised was simplistic but effective. A solenoid struck
a gong when a trip wire was disturbed. Although his alarm system is nothing compared to
today's offerings it was positively received in its day.
These earlyalarmsystemscontinuedtomakeuse ofsimpleelectrical circuitsandrelays. A
typicalinstallationwouldseewirewoundalongwindowsillsandarounddoorframescoupled with
conductive lead foil and mechanical or magnetic switches laced with thin wire.
Thesecurityconscioushadtowaituntilthenextcenturyforfurtheralarmsystemadvances, which
heralded the advent of the transistor and the integrated circuit. This technology allowed
smaller units integrated with microwave and ultrasonic motion sensors along with features
such as entrance and exit delays to be introduced. This chapter begins with the literature
related to the project. The various ideas are drawn from literature survey.
Therehave been manynew approached developed duringthe last few years. Some of them
are as follows.
2.2 LiteratureReview
1. Syed Habeebullah Hussaini, “NE555 Timer-based Alarm”, International Research
Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, July 2020
Summary: In recent years we have seen a substantial increase in the development
ofhome appliance which enabled them to be highly efficient and many produce
minimal noiseduringitsoperation,withoutanyproperindicatortheappliancesmightbeata
greaterriskofdamageduetooverloadbecauseitislikelythatoperatormightforgetafter
switching it ON, for illustration the submersible motors hardly produce any sound it is
likelytoforgetafterswitchingitONtherebyputtingthepumpatgreaterriskofdamage due to
overloading, therefore this device was developed to overcome this issue which
producesbeepindicatingsoundoritcantriggeranalarmafterasettimeafterthe appliance was
switched ON.
KEYWORDS:EmbeddedSystem,offdelaytimeralarm, HomeSecurity.

2. Poonam Juneja, Supriya Sharma, Devayanshu Mittal and Lokesh Kumar, “Electronic
Eye for Security System”, International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering,
Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS) Volume VI, Issue VI, June 2017 | ISSN
2278-2540
Summary: The significant parameters to ensure the safeguard of our household
componentsare--homesecurityandmonitoring.Aneye(metaphoricallyspeaking)isto be
focused specifically to perform the above two parameters. An electronic eye may
substantiallyamelioratethesafetymechanismofthelivinghouse.Incidentsofbreachof
securityin the absence of the house owners is increasing day-by-day. In addition to the
traditional security systems, there is now dire need of state-of-the-art communication
modulewithamicrocontrollerenabledsystemtosendcommandsandreceivealerts.An
Electronic eye is designed to provide the security system for home and offices. It is a
simple, not-so-expensive, easy to use and reliable security system for room locker in
homes,officesthatsupportstheuseofasensorandanArduinoisusedtosendthesignals to
control unit of electronic eye. The buzzer alarm is needed for on-the-spot security
purposes.
Keywords:HomeSecurity,monitoring,roomlocker,Arduino,Buzzeralarm
3. R. Veeramani, Sameer Hirani, Shubham Arora, “PIR SENSOR BASED SECURITY
ALARMSYSTEM”,InternationalJournalofAdvanceResearchandInnovativeIdeasin
Education, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2019, ISSN 2395-4396
Summary: The improvement of a cheap and compellingelectronic securityframework
utilizingPIRsensorispointbypointinthisreport.Thissensor-basedsecurityframework
canbeutilizedinfamilyjustaslocalapplications andeveninotherhighsecurityzones. An
ordinary electronic security framework which is regularly utilized comprises of a
transmitter and a beneficiary. The transmitter area conveys an IR bar which is by and
largeconstantlygotten bytherecipient segment. At thepoint when a gatecrasherstrolls
past the gadget, the IR bargets upset and in this mannerthe alert is enacted. Significant
drawbacks of the framework incorporate restricted range and poor observable pathway.
This PIR Sensor put together Security System can change with respect to a light or
caution when it distinguishes the warmth from an item like a moving individual. The
namePassiveInfraredSensoriscalledsoinlightofthefactthatitgetstheinfraredbeams
inactivelyanddon'tproduceanyinfraredbeam.Thealertthatgoesoffcanbephysically reset.
Keywords-ArduinoUno,PIRsensor,Arduinosketchapplication,esp8266,Thinkspeak

2.3 DemeritsofExisting System


In India most security solutions are provided by security firms. These systems have been
operation for some time which mostly is foreign developed. These translates that they tend
tobeexpensiveandhard tomaintainbecausesupplierskeep onproducingnewproductand
notsupportingtheirolderversions.However,thisprojectisgearedtodevelopmentofhome-
grownsimplesecuritysystem that meets thesame needs as commerciallyavailablesystem.
The final product will be cheaper, easy to maintain and foolproof.
3. SYSTEMDESCRIPTION

3.1. SystemBlockDiagram
Thereis a totalof 6 blocks in our project.
1. Timedelayunit
2. Triggeringunit
3. ToneGenerator
4. Piezoelectricsensor
5. TransistorAmplifier
6. LighteningCircuit

Fig3.1:BlockDiagramofProposedSystem

3.1.1 TimeDelayUnit
As the name, time delay unit, is used to provide a time delay for the circuit operation. The front
end of the circuit has a timer built around the popular binary counter IC CD4060 (IC 1). This
IC(CD4060) is used to provide a time delay of 15 minutes for the remaining circuitry to turn on.

The CD4060 is the time delay generating IC. The CD stands for CMOS devices. It is a 16 pin
CMOSIC.Itconsistsofanoscillatorsection.TheoscillatorsectionallowsthedesignofeitherRC or
crystal oscillator circuit. All the stages of the ICS are master slave flip flop.
Featuresof ICCD4060
1. Highvoltagetype(20Vrating)
2. Common reset
3. 12MHZclock rate
4. Fullystatic operation
5. Supplyvoltage range(-.5Vto +20V)
6. Usedasfrequencydividers

3.1.2 TriggeringUnit
The triggering circuit used in our project is the monostable multivibrator i.e., (IC 2 555). A
monostablecircuitproducesasingleoutputpulsewhentriggered.Itiscalledamonostablebecause it is
stable in just one state. The duration of the pulse is called time period and the time period is
determined by the resistor R1 and C1 which are the external components used in design of
monostable multivibrator.
i.e.,TimePeriod(T)=1.1*R1.C1T-
Time period in seconds (s) R1 -
Resistance in Ohm (Ω)
C1-CapacitanceinFarad(F) Features
of IC 555
1. Turn-Offtimelessthan 2μs
2. Max.Operatingfrequencygreaterthan500 KHZ
3. Operatesinbothastableandmonostable Fig3.2Monostable Multivibrator
4. TTLcompatible
5. Highoutput current
6. Adjustabledutycycle
7. Timingfrom microsecondstohours
3.1.3 ToneGeneratorUnit
The third section is used to generate a siren when the shutter is trying to break. For this purpose,
an8pinIC UM3561isused.WiththehelpofthisIC,wecangeneratedifferenttypesofsirensas our needs.
Let us look about the 3rd IC UM3561.
UM3561 is an excellent ROM IC than can generate multi siren tones simulating police siren,
ambulance siren, Fire brigade sire and machine gun sound. This 8-pin low power IC can work
down to 2.4 volts. The UM3561 is a low-cost siren generator designed for toys. The IC has an
inbuilt oscillator and tone selection pins. It is easy to make a siren generator with only a few
external components.
Insidethe UM3561
Inside the IC, there is an oscillator circuit and the frequency of oscillation is controlled by the
external resistor connected between the OSC1(pin 7) and OSC2(pin 8). A 220k resistor will give
satisfactoryresults.The oscillationthusgeneratedwillbethentransferredtoacontrolunitwhose
function is based on the tone selection through the connections of SEL1(pin 6) and SEL2(pin 1).
ThecontrolunitpassesthesignaltoanaddresscounterandthentotheROM.Thetonepulsethus
generatedwillbeavailableattheoutputpin3.Sincethesoundisweak, an amplifierisnecessary to boost
a sound.A single NPN transistor will amplify the sound.

Fig3.3BlockDiagramofUM3561
FeaturesofICUM3561
1. Foursoundscanbeselected
2. Typical3Voperatingvoltage
3. RCoscillatorwithanexternalresistor
4. Lowcost,lowpowerCMOSIC
5. Amagneticspeakercanbedriven byconnectinganNPNtransistor

3.1.4 LighteningCircuit
The lightening circuit includes a lamp (60W). When somebody tries to break the shutter
immediately this lamp is switched on. The TRIAC BT 136 completes the lamp circuit by
activating its gate terminal as in the circuit diagram.

3.1.5 Transistor Amplifier


In the circuit the transistor is mainly used as an amplifier. Here the transistor T1 i.e., BC 547
amplifies the piezo-sensor signal and triggers the monostable IC 2. The base of this transistor is
biased using a standard piezo element that acts as a small capacitor flexes freely in response to
mechanical vibrations so that the output of (IC2) high till the prefixed time period (3 minutes).

3.1.6 PiezoelectricSensor
The piezoelectric sensors are high performance buzzers that employ unimorph piezoelectric
elementanddesignedforeasyinterpretationinvariouscircuits.Theyhavelowpowerconsumption
incomparisontoelectromagneticunitsbecausethesebuzzersaredesignedforexternalexcitation.
4. SYSTEMIMPLEMENTATION

4.1 SystemCircuitDiagramand Description


Therearemainly3sectionsinourproject.Theyaretimedelaygeneratingcircuit,triggeringcircuit
andalarmgeneratingcircuit.Amongthisthetimedelaycircuitisconsideredasmaincircuitwhich
controls the operation of its sub systems includes triggering circuit, alarm generating circuit and
lightning circuits. Here we use three ICs for the proper operation of these 3 sections.

Fig4.1CircuitDiagramofProposed System

4.1.1 TimeDelayCircuit
Thefront end of the circuit has a timer built around the popular binarycounter IC CD4060 (IC 1).
This IC CD4060 is used to provide a time delayof 15 minutes for the remaining circuitryto turn
on. In the circuit diagram, the resistor R 4 and R3 and the capacitor C2 will make the output high
after 15 minutes. There is a diode D1 which inhibits the clock input (pin 11) to keep the output
high till the power is switched off. The blinking of the LED which is connected at the 7th pin
indicates the Oscillation of IC1.
4.1.2 TriggeringCircuit

Triggering circuit used in this project is the monostable multivibrator i.e., (IC 2 555/556). A
monostablemultivibratorproducesasingleoutputpulsewhentriggered. Itiscalledamonostable
because it is stable in just one state. The duration of the pulse is called time period and it is
determined by the resistor R1and C1that i.e., time period T = 1.1 R1x C1.

ThehighoutputfromIC1isusedtoenableresetpin4ofIC2(IC555)sothatitcanfunctionfreely. The
transistor T1 amplifies the sensor signal and triggers the monostable IC 2. The base of the
transistorT1isbiasedusingastandardpiezoelementthatactsasasmallcapacitorandflexesfreely in
responseto mechanical vibrations so that theoutput of IC2is high till theprefixed timeperiod.

4.1.3 AlarmCircuit
In the alarm circuit, the IC 3 (UM 3561) remains dormant as it does not get current. Timing
component R8 and C6 make the output of IC2 high for a period of three minutes. When any
mechanicalvibration(causedbyevenaslightmovement)disturbsthepiezoelement,triggerpin2 of IC2
momentarilychanges its state and the output of IC 2 goes high. This triggers triac 1 and the alarm
circuit activates. Triac BT 136 completes the lamp circuit by activating its gate through
resistorR9.ICUM3561(IC3)generatesatonesimulatingthepolicesirenwithR11asitsoscillation
controlling resistor.Zener diode ZD1 provides stable 3.1V DC for the tone generating IC.
4.2 PCBLayout

Fig4.2PCBLayoutforProposedCircuit
5.RESULT

5.1 DiscussionofResults
Themainreasonfortestingallthecomponentsbeforetheywerefinallysolderedontheveroboard
istoavoidthepainstakingeffortitwilltaketodis-solderfaultycomponentsattheendoftheday. From the
continuity test carried out on the veroboard to check the circuit path, it was discovered that the
circuit was in a perfect working condition as continuity was ensured. Simulation of the
circuitdesignwasalsodoneasmentionedearlier,withthesoleobjectiveofcomparingtheresults
obtained from design calculations to that obtained from simulation. The two results when
compared closely correspond with only a very slight discrepancy in values.

5.2 Advantages And disadvantages


It should be noted at this juncture, that the realization of the final system work was not without
problems. The various problems encountered during the design and implementation stage are
highlighted as:
1. Some basic components to be used for the system were not within reach as it was not
available in town.
2. Somemeasuringinstrumentsthatwouldhavebeenusedfordetailedanalysisofthecircuit
(i.e.,Oscilloscope,TransistorTester)werelimitedforuse.Simulationsoftwarewasinstead used
for the circuit analysis
3. The biggest problem encountered was at the implementation stage as the circuit was
triggering itself without touch. The sensitivity of the circuit was reduced by reducing
voltage gain of T1 (BC547) to solve this problem.
6. CONCLUSION
6.1 Conclusion
The ideal security system is yet to be designed so far. In this project an attempt has been
made to come up with a cheap but effective security for small offices. The software
developedtorunthemicrocontrollersrunaccordingtothespecificationsandinsimulation
proved to be very effective as a security system. Despite all the odds and difficulties
encountered in regard to resource availability all the project objectives were achieved.
There was also an attempt to provide possible designs possible to implement this project.
ThedesigntypewaschosenherewasmainlytodealwithaveragestandardKenyanoffice. To
secure large building and compounds this type of design needs to be improved. This
could be by use of addressed sensors that would be sending information to control unit
instead of use of polling the sensors. This would enable many sensors to be connected to
themicrocontrollerthusresultinginastablecomplexsystemthatcoverhugebuildingand include
other features such as fire alarm, employee clocking in and out, chemical gas
warningandmuchmore.Thedesignhereisnotconclusivebutneedsalotofimprovement and
development before such system can commercially be available. A few of improvement
are mentioned here below.
6.2 Applications

6.3 FutureScope
So far, the system is not yet perfect. This indicated that there is still huge room for future
development. As the need of more secure and complex system keeps on growing there is
need in depth research and development to keep up with the needs of customers as there
are the most important people who keep designers in business as the profit is all we look
for. 48 This project has a lot of future expansion this would be as follows
1. UseofSMS (short messageservices)to sendcontrol commandas forexampleto arm or
disarm the system.
2. TheAtmelCompanyprovidesvariouscomponentssuchaskeelogthatmakesit possible to
include wireless control.
3. Useofaddressedremotesensorsthatsendsrequesttothecontrolunitinsteadofpolling damp
sensors.
4. Possibilityofdial tonecontrolifconnected to analogtelephone.
References
[1] “NE555 Timer-based Alarm”, International Research Journal of Modernization in
Engineering Technology and Science, July 2020
[2] “Electronic Eye for Security System”, International Journal of Latest Technology in
Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS) Volume VI, Issue VI, June
2017 | ISSN 2278-2540
[3] “PIR SENSOR BASED SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM”, International Journal of
Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2019, ISSN
2395-4396
[4] “DevelopmentofaSimpleSoundActivatedBurglarAlarmSystem”,LeonardoJournalof
Sciences ISSN 1583-0233 Issue 9, July-December 2006
[5] “Study of Timer IC 555”, Department of Physics, K. L. D. A. V. P. G. College Roorkee,
Roorkee-247667 [India]
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_alarm
[7] https://www.diyodemag.com/education/the_cd4060_14-stage_counter
[8] https://www.instructables.com/Siren-Generation-using-IC-UM3561/
APPENDIX

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