Text Operators Counting

Data Transformation with

"fish" & " & " & "chips" // Combine text with & // Access list elements with {}, zero-indexed
// Get the first few elements with FirstN()

Fruits{0} // 1st element; returns "apple"

List.FirstN(Fruits, 2) // Returns {"apple", null}

Power Query M in Power BI > Numbers // Accessing elements outside the range
throws an error

// Get the last few elements with LastN()

List.LastN(Fruits, 2) // Returns {null, "cherry"}

Fruits{3} // Throws an Expression.Error

Arithmetic // Get unique elements with Distinct()

// Append ? to return null if the index is List.Distinct(Menage) // Returns {1, -1, 0, 2,

Number.Power(3, 4) // Raise to the power with Number.Mod(22, 7) // Get the remainder after out of range
13, 80, 579}
Power()
division with Mod()
Fruits{3}? // Returns null
Learn Power BI at www.DataCamp.com Number.IntegerDivide(22, 7) // Integer divide Value.Equals(1.999999, 2, Precision.Double) //
a number with IntegerDivide() Check number close to equal with Equals()
Selection
Math functions
// Access list elements with {}, zero- // Get unique elements with Distinct()

>
indexed
List.Distinct(Menage) // Returns {1, -1, 0, 2, 13,
Definitions Number.Ln(10) // Calculate natural logarithm
with Ln()

Number.Abs(-3) // Calculate absolute values

with Abs()
Fruits{0} // 1st element; returns "apple"

80, 579}

Number.Exp(3) // Calculate exponential with Number.Sqrt(49) // Calculate the square root

Exp()
with Sqrt()
// Accessing elements outside the range // Get elements that match a criteria with Select()

Power Query is a tool for extract-transform-load (ETL). That is, it lets you import and prepare your data for use in Number.Round(12.3456, 2) // Round to n decimal Number.IsNaN(Number.NaN) // Returns true if throws an error
List.Select(Menage, each _ > 1) // Returns {2, 13,
Microsoft data platforms including Power BI, Excel, Azure Data Lake Storage and Dataverse.

places with Round() not a number Fruits{3} // Throws an Expression.Error

80, 579}

Power Query Editor is the graphical user interface to Power Query.

// Append ? to return null if the index is // Return true if all elements match a criteria with
out of range
MatchesAll()

Power Query M ("M" for short) is the functional programming language used in Power Query. 


> Text Values Fruits{3}? // Returns null

List.MatchesAll(Menage, each _ > 1) // Returns false

DAX is the other programming language available for Power BI. DAX is used for data analysis rather than ETL. Learn // Get the first few elements with FirstN()
// Return true if any elements match a criteria with
more about it in the DataCamp DAX cheat sheet. Creating text List.FirstN(Fruits, 2) // Returns {"apple", MatchesAny()

null}

List.MatchesAny(Menage, each _ > 1) // Returns true

// Text values are double-quoted, and can // Include control characters with #()

span multiple lines

"Split text with a tab character, #(tab), or start // Get the last few elements with LastN()
// Get value from list of length 1, or return
"M is a programming 
a new line with carriage-return line feed, List.LastN(Fruits, 2) // Returns {null, default, with SingleOrDefault()

language for ETL"

#(cr,lf)"

"cherry"} List.SingleOrDefault(Menage, -999) // Returns -999

// Embed quotes in strings by doubling them
// Embed # in strings with #(#)

"""M is magnificent"", mentioned Mike." "Hex codes for colors start with #(#)" Manipulation
An expression is a single formula that returns a value.

A query is a sequence of expressions used to define more complex data transformations. Queries are defined using let-
// Sort items in ascending order with Sort()
// Remove items by position with RemoveRange()

in code blocks. Creating text List.Sort(Menage) // Returns {-1, 0, 1, 1, 2, List.RemoveRange(Menage, 2, 3) // Returns {1,
13, 80, 579}

-1, 13, 80, 579}

// Text values are double-quoted, and can // Include control characters with #()

> Accessing M in Power BI span multiple lines

"M is a programming 

"Split text with a tab character, #(tab), or

start a new line with carriage-return line feed,
// Sort items in descending order

List.Sort(Menage, Order.Descending) // Returns

// Repeat elements with Repeat()

List.Repeat({"one", "two"}, 2) // Returns

language for ETL"

#(cr,lf)"

{579, 80, 13, 2, 1, 1, 0, -1}

{"one", "two", "one", "two"}

M code can be seen in Power Query Editor. In the ribbon, click on 'Transform data' to open the Power Query Editor.
// Embed quotes in strings by doubling them
// Embed # in strings with #(#)
// Reverse the order of items in a list with // Split list into lists of specified size with
"""M is magnificent"", mentioned Mike." "Hex codes for colors start with #(#)"
Reverse()
Split()

List.Reverse(Menage) // Returns {579, 80, 13, List.Split(Menage, 2) // Returns {{1, -1}, {0,
2, 1, 0, -1, 1}

1}, {2, 13}, {80, 579}}

Indexing
// Get non-null values with RemoveNulls()
// Flatten lists by removing 1 level of nesting
// Get the number of characters in text with Length()
// Get a substring with Middle()
List.RemoveNulls(Fruits) // Returns {"apple", with Combine()

Text.Length("How long will dinner be? About 25cm.") Text.Middle("Zip code: 10018", 10, 5) "cherry"} List.Combine({{"alpha"}, {"bravo", {"charlie",
"delta"}}}) // Returns {"alpha", "bravo",
{"charlie", "delta"}}
M code is shown in the Formula Bar. Splitting and combining text
Equality & membership
// Combine text, optionally separated with Combine()
// Split text on a delimiter with Split()

Text.Combine({"fish", "chips"}, " & ") Text.Split("fish & chips", " & ")
// Lists are equal if they contain the same elements in the same order

M code can also be seen in the Advanced Editor window. Click 'Advanced Editor' to open the Advanced Editor window.
{1, 2} = {1, 2} // true {1, 2} = {2, 1} // false {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3} // false
Mutating text
Calculations
// Convert text to upper case with Upper()
// Convert text to title case with Proper()

Text.Upper("iN cAsE oF eMeRgEnCy") // Returns Text.Proper("iN cAsE oF eMeRgEnCy") // Returns // Get the minimum value in a list with Min()
// Get the sum of values in a list with Sum()

"IN CASE OF EMERGENCY"

"In Case Of Emergency"

List.Min({0, 7, -3, 2, 1})

List.Sum({0, 7, -3, 2, 1})

// Convert text to LOWer case with Lower()

// Replace characters in text with Replace()

Text.Lower("iN cAsE oF eMeRgEnCy") // Returns Text.Replace("Have a nice trip", " n", "n ") // Get the minimum value in a list with Max()
// Get the product of values in a list with
"in case of emergency" // Returns "Have an ice trip" List.Max({0, 7, -3, 2, 1})

Product()

List.Product({0, 7, -3, 2, 1})

>
// Get quantile values from a list with
Creating values Type Conversion
Percentile()

List.Percentile(

// Get the mean of values in a list

List.Average({0, 7, -3, 2, 1})

with Average()

{0, 7, -3, 2, 1}, {0.25, 0.5, 0.75}, 

999 // Define a number

null // Define a null (missing value)

// Convert value to number with Number.From()

// Convert number to text with Number.ToText() [PercentileMode=PercentileMode.SqlDisc]
// Get the standard deviation of values in a list
Number.From(true) // Returns 1

— Formats: "D": integer digits, "E": ) with StandardDeviation()

true // Define a logical value

#date(2023, 12, 31) // Define a date with #date()

exponential, "F": fixed, G": general, "N": List.StandardDeviation({0, 7, -3, 2, 1})

// Dates and datetimes given as time in days number, "P": percent

"DataCamp" // Define a text value #datetime(2022, 9, 8, 15, 10, 0) // Define a datetime since 1899-12-30
Number.ToText(4500, "E") // Returns "4.5E3"

with #datetime()
Number.From(#datetime(1969, 7, 21, 2, 56, 0)) // Generation
Returns 25405.12

// Convert value to logical with

Logical.From()

// Convert text to number with Number.FromText()

Logical.From(2) // Generate random numbers between 0 and 1 // Generate a sequence of numbers with Numbers()

> Variables Number.FromText("4.5E3") // Returns 4500 with Random()

List.Random(3)

List.Numbers(1, 5, 2)

// Mimic a for loop with Generate()

Functions // Generate a sequence of dates with Dates()

List.Generate(

// Variables are assigned by writing a // By convention, variable names are

query with let-in
UpperCamelCase
List.Dates(#date(2023, 1, 1), 3, #duration(7, () => 2,

let
HeightM

0, 0, 0)) each _ < 20,

// Define a function with (args) => calculations

// Intermediate calculations
each Number.Power(_, 2))
let

TempF = 50
// Quote variable names and prefix with Hypotenuse = (x, y) => Number.Sqrt(Number.Power(x, 2) + Number.Power(y, 2))

TempC = 5 / 9 * (TempF - 32)

# for non-standard names

in

in
#"Height in Meters"
Hypotenuse
Set operations
// Resulting variable

// each is syntactic sugar for a function with 1 arg named _

TempC // Use it to iterate over lists and tables

// Get values in all inputs with Intersect()

each Number.Power(_, 2) // Same as (_) => Number.Power(_, 2) List.Intersect({{1, 3, 6, 10, 15}, {21, 15, 9, 3}, {0, 3, 6}}) // Returns {3}

> Operators // Get values in any inputs with Union()

Lists
List.Union({{1, 3, 6, 10, 15}, {21, 15, 9, 3}, {0, 6}}) Returns {0, 6,
>
3, // 1, 3, 9, 10, 15,
21}

Arithmetic operators
// Get value in one set but not the other with Difference()

102 + 37 // Add two numbers with +

4 * 6 // Multiply two numbers with *

Creation List.Difference({1, 3, 6, 10, 15}, {21, 15, 9, 3}) // Returns {1, 6, 10}
102 - 37 // Subtract a number with - 22 / 7 // Divide a number by another with /
// Define a list with {}
// Lists can be nested 

//You can include different data types including null

{"outer", {"inner"}} 

Numeric comparison operators {999, true, "DataCamp", null}

// Concatenate lists with &

3 = 3 // Test for equality with =

3 >= 3 // Test greater than or equal to with >=
// Define a sequence of numbers with m..n
{1, 4} & {4, 9} // Returns {1, 4, 4, 9}
<> 3 Test for inequality with <>
< 4 Test less than with <

Learn Power BI Online at

3 // 3 // {-1..3, 100} // Equivalent to {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 100}
3 > 1 // Test greater than with > 3 <= 4 // Test less than or equal to with <=

Example lists www.DataCamp.com

Logical Operators
let
let 

not (2 = 2) // Logical NOT with not

Fruits = {"apple", null, "cherry"}
Menage = {1, -1, 0, 1, 2, 13, 80, 579}

in 
in

(1 <> 1) and (1 < 1) // Logical AND with and

(1 >= 1) or (1 < 1) // Logical OR with or Fruits Menage