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U2

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Sikha Sharma
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56 views65 pages

U2

Uploaded by

Sikha Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MMITH 20-101} AWANCED ABSTRACT ALGEBRA Recommenney Terr Goo ¢ 1, PB. PhotHachavyo_ Ske Tain aud Re Nagpaul » Basic ahstiact abjchra (Rnd _eclitier), Cambrielac underly Beess 4ndian eclilion, dole CHNPTER-15 LLIIS IIIT TT: Pe Mpcbscie Extensions Of Field von / Oi Def Mud tons dW A folyroratat Jor) Jon FE] bs calle Sevedtucible 44 We elogsece q fort uel, whenever foods aougey, gy , AME Flay y ae etRere jg” EF 0% REF, ddd / rs I y « whee ea pelyaroratel fy met tewclucrble side it a3 called Jetela cible poly rewind : Noles Goceelucibility ef polyuonsalt clipeaels om fhe madiere of field. det example 5 baa Lt froceclucr ble ore IR pect seoleeciele ever C- Woe mew — prececel fo peut Fowe medals seceluctble ete Eexecolucthle, fee keslieg whetle, 4 pelrewnfat ih Bopesitions uct YOO EFC be a poly oneal 4. feo for some WEF 4 Sen POO Bs peeckurcible J clegeete 71 , ovuc F. fees py obtulstou abortion Balls oF noryen Kee “I i stele G0 Wien) 9 a Gve iH we dictle My sc€F St: fd = GeO 400 44% put mea 2 fled = (dW) Gl te but fle)=0 2 O= Ot =) M0. Ps ges (x9 LOW vue shoe |i ‘ks @ NI \ ¢ \ {| a Le * oem ¢F 2! as ole greece. ef foort & gy) | a od aul closty anew CF = Peace , foo = cea giry whee Cx-a GF @ IOEF a 2 gov Bs peolucibh over F. ot tc = 4. G= Dfiattens het E he a fictel couteiuivg ste Avetel F , 5 Mi Lemma (Gauss kek — FOVE TET be pedmilive. Ten fer) 4s Jeclucthle cuer @ f anel tant if {0 A$ petelueei ble over Z. Prod : first we supose also fm is pretuailive =) { TS seeclueible creer Q Saar stypase foo fs steclucible ow where UOU yU00 EQGY aud Uo sumed we cam usale { as fellrurd, f= (&) (u'ba) ie) / dheet: foo fs moclucible Cuore % y od. hel fo) = ernury VIII IIII ITT) = Whee ulor) Covel Cn) ot p eT bfOu) = Guu) —) wt fous deck ihe preneluct of tera prrtusibive pelpwccsialy as ageeta prtustlive a 2 WW BwDY B prude. ’ Qed: ‘a ceefficieus d awd Oy a6. aldo fm és Pelvatlice sy free ¢ coeffi real page= { but deen) = besa. a poy =t wegu'ey) whesee UNO. UW ent) fy seeoluurtble overe Z. 2 qo” Reuty dhe setdult- Nokes deg bt))= aleglut)) ’ aegte') = oleae) fests) dak axe vot ecosarclly Fox. pelyvowsias ; the feLlewsif- femme t peeve pst Louse Pemaas : , te. y qouezod 46 ecluseib abyo stoluet ble quer Z- le cue Q yen £6 % Nolet ¥ fe £5 mot prduattrce 9 Wow EL cous be memele Pro Hue. fem’ Teortmes bet F002 do rarer Oy CF EBL he @ wouic polywowtel ep feo fas 4 not EQ Ren QEZ ancl Yo, Pecefs tet at 1 hee ype te and (ap) + iar n=l Ly + ft _. Q- e 5 iG) + (SE) + Boo tatipty de about epustion By P™hacdee oop ap ep? ari Monto ie 2 of YEP = = ¢Ony = 0" - Peace ape% ,aee yt, getens, Gop YAGI 2 HE ty BS pe RS NS ~ > RS "Sv oe gGgdd d ce ue Eisenstein Crilecion : a -X26% ut ts possible only if poet & pe tt Gz 4K EC!’ also efucitiom Q Shows tat Xa, > Alay Renee y the esl - het fe Qt Qut —-- +nt" CUE], mdf tow Ta pring pak tat Play» Planes * Pay 9 thew fro Be fvteeluctble over Q, Becal.s let fo sxeclucible avel fen tau be wei Hen, 2S fry = Borbys =~ 4 be") (lor gnr ~~ 46524) wel Ueto bi CfEZ » beckd 5 COD 5 HL Onel Sen Quel $l-b pen, Hen Gg belo Q= bolt bsloy ~~~ 4 Gnzbyelg Wows Bice bas Gunel Pla, 2 clo bo cunel beg % Ph eel lee, Letinout Lots d quvuly rhot Pe, duel Pb, albo as Phan =) Phones >) Phby Snel bheg ek Cm be the fist cocfficteut: da Cora ~~ 40598 Sul> Phen Nowy Gane boGm + by. Comat as bk ean, > Pham (otPercueis b\Cm) - — tbnlr. =) men { a coved jaclittion é *) fp ds eyneclur ble cuen@. i e example? gh g Ly Srrealueible over Q A fel" fake pea. e e oy Exsenslein Gdlociow i Ab foctclrrible ¢ purer Q € e cents bli) =F 4X4 oT ott Gvteslucible a over Dy who p és prio - a jue a ws 4,09 =e [vero a abt al = (nh-4) od (a-2) ; ey bd anos Boe Loe -i 24 (tayh-d) SS gow = or) mo 4) aa oS ox = 4. b 4 (att lav 4 ahi HG 27 24 Tx hg atta 4 bes 4] 2 hha igaht a -- 4p 7? Note dheel 4 all dhe Coeff (cieuds eucept Guha » also hs Upateiesy _ P docs mot elite dhe Constant deem Mpg» Tubs By ay ¢ Kw Eissensteen Criterion, qe ty Douelucible over Q Htewe, he [os fp oo As dertelucible cen @ Exercises Show Wat 54 3x49 € Sy lA] Lroeelucibte ower He Jeet Et). qooerG] ol"? tue unt ghat a polpronitat op legate 3 ds secoluedble exe F if auch only. jf fom Bas Q swol iin F. bene F= BJeay 2 $Ordsay Bolly 5 6 YF / TI IS III Id ow jm 2 Oran’ fi sd} f= £4342 =6 fle Sto +2 216 Hd fo 2 gdadna = 38 =3 fe 5 gy+l2 +6 = $2 =5 flo yore te = WWaa2 fle)= Db tle 2 = 236~ 5 Clearly , {bY Bas ve oot In Z[c1) bveeuctble ower Zl 7 T_T baw se 3 IMA ah Exotics Siow stock at 8 EQUA] da srxcoluct ble ever Q. Sclutions Low {om au a3 cate] is peedacitivee, Kea fO9 fy putctuctble cue @ A4p foo Es seeckureilele oer Ze 1 o ) TITd44 4 RL Exeorctses Eneolits See tek EEA ls dowsluctble ever 2— Solubions faye feo exhal a | ela (foo) =3 wet fens dee a pal wove fou Erle | cept oa ° : : a aS eeeleible cect e yf feo Bas a pine Uh pal cuel wee frum Adak af fone ale] be Q woute petysenatal cuuel 4 {OO Bas q seme eo GER , Wen ET auel 8" divides dle condlant teem, et pene coudleant foam = ob at “8 a & eg s | =) 0 SS fu) =t-t aa sey = -beilet ut S chesoely » 2 eed qutnck goed g 49. faite POY Bae wo sock & Q a Race XN th fycctuetble cree Q. Ss os TI ILI) VII. TIT) ]/ IIII IST | wo =s =3 =3 =3 Exercises — Shous Hot pane but1 CEC) roolueible oer Z if awl pif gilter ash 0% @tb=-2. taupe Gooe seccuncibte cure Z- ied cea’ a soo = w4artbx +4 leg (Yoo )et chessely 1 Yoo is We fume Bol {f foves lr] 48 pofusilise y Hen jo ts seolucible cuer @ fp foo dy peduible everZ. also a pelynoveiel fOserens { “re 34% stecluet ble over F aft geo Pes @ sect fn F fe 4 fone ood ts vaouit ancl Boch q stenet CER — sien A titricleg const aut lou of fou ‘exe couglant kw =2 predesthi uc. quid monic. fad, =) det2 2 Y ote fed) = leat 4120 2 Qrbe-2 af det 9 f{-) = -[4a-btl=0 = Q=b tug chee at Q ot Q=b Lovers ely LO | rf Gab thew {Oo= at cant AL eR HOH Hd = they pa 4d K = (41) C4 b=) FOOLY = Cert) (4 le 44%) 2 Joo fy geeelucitble overt %- ® \ quel a Qtbe-Q =) bed ao ahem foo = at pean (2-4) tL 7 4 2 2 ae = 9K OTL e eH are Han — 2X41 Z. = nota) ven (4-1) -1(%-)) c BCL) CN) HAH D 4ACDC4-Y e = (4-3) [oan an] plessts foo 4 peelurible. cer Z- Renee, de sceduete. Exexcéses eloemfue ul (0) qusebene 1 (b) Uebie 4 (c) béquocleate Syeeeoluri’ble pelywouauls over Za). : Selations (a) duwcclcible pelywensiels 1 oles greet cut Bltg) wee { Hat foor for eae whee &ECy) + So ‘glean be 0 OtL. Tt T cual = a M0 they JOU = 41 4 Cesvely fl=2= 0 py. = fea) AS poeluci ble He Ged + dhs foo = av rl PO) ety Aty= 3-2 Poy sv 4re¢1 Res no seret Zia =) foo fy Dvuclucrble. Ub) grouesetble — eubfic felyuoned elt ower len) ace the fom ae at bt! where Abe Bay. Bo, (Gb) tru be (0) 5 Udy (050) s{0s1) it [Qrb) = (120) thon Jia = Caer Llo)=\ 9m fat re / 2 POY 2 2P12O41 Bas no se0et stu G/(2) =) Powys G44 fs dwueduible ceo B[(2), 4f (49b) =U, Hoe FOU = 84924 eH) TU) = tlt =q=0 Joo fs rxtelucible oveoxz, ‘I2) if (19h) = (090) , Huw fon = 13.) §W =0 A) fon 4h teeclucible over b/ea “f (etyb) = (ost) ; dew fro at QO=1 JU) =3. . FD foie rast Bas no steel ty boy 2D foo £5 Ayoucludble cverZ(y), SITET ] IIIT) BS to Thus, Leweelred ble polyuouutiats ¢ elegrece 3 ane hy x%7 curl 184 LI, (ce) Polpwowainls ¢ eles. 4 wih vow-rere condtaut Iva, ane of Hae foo ftnye abe? + 000 tee ts. yg gor Hs peeclucible over Bry, shew oul a cue of the fellewtint : GM= Ora) OC ery) = eel 5 (breed) =l0,1,0); ZOU mest be cre fous COM (My = ob oPqat 5 Uitrd) = toned; FO) = RreDOu = Ot) 4 (brud) = Uels0); J) = BE COME = wee 4 Obad)= Uso); fey = oer "= 41 $F (brtrad) = le19,0) So abe frceoturef ble. biquaclueclies axe hese Contcypoweliig fo CbaCrel) = (04051) 9 Ulalai) oucel (1, 0/0) So og ae ateaced g ap oSpwte tel 9 amel etx. Exercise -Beliue wluicle q. dhe fellow polyuousial aut Roteclucible aver Q. 4) We Sx +0 b) a 349 ©) anS—5x'4 5 Bolustions a) take p= 5 by. Etseusleda Calferaton fev fs fuuelucible ever Q. ») d +H, Aymmeriow Or Rorrs Def fiat Kons let Fo be a ffetel. by cur ertention of y we wacan "ee pele (Kyo) uolexe K Lb a fete ww wt Sf of awl TSF OK & & mente Romowoxpliser d sbgs, Nokes bet (Kio) beta entleudion oy Fo Then K & «a fictl aud ot Fk fh nen zex0 yw | Bowe morphs 4 aihagg let Leaked, io, ' IT om selenl of F. Amu a fit Res uo proper icleel , Berefove efter, T=lo% oe L=F PEF y Y GEF , elajco 3 rab which Hb a contseceliction, Heate Ls gop D2 oo as mL one , D F SrMSK ge FL Mowonplie tog gubfictel ok. “By (ea kifa ig Foust oA) oe wl) whe we med Suppose Hel Fk a Subjietel of K, tousoxs ely - Poof a Subfietel gf ca frelel K, lek LSF—K be Gu Arcsin Bowwancorpleldun, (We flay eg ae) on es ies (Kk, £ am erctenston fF. Tess ff Pf a subfictel + a féctel K, dhe kK £4 cobfecl crctersion qf NOTES sy K ub Gu euleusion 4 fo doce vet twreile Ouol seal iL os K fg am evleusiond f. i NOTE? het KK be tm eitlengion ¢- FP. Thea P1% Subfetel fk. Take ve (Kot) te Kas Lovsiclestel as au abel peop neler cclelibter, GO) + cuatelor Je ficlel F Me wey nat eer ton aver CRE Tes olefins a Seefor mecttipticalten tov ' ep tn elerceales 4 F Jt 4s easy. to See Heck, Veg ee verte Mace over Ae ffetel r. we fuow Pak ; @ Evoey. vecio ¢pate exer a {ee bog a bass, 0 Cavecline ity 4 amy 4 divo bases | vee.boy- Spr vi 4b the same. ® The number Clerks tur nay bagig sty dhe dPacution dV ere. Tou, te Khe K fg a vetbert Speree om F | F a sre alfuension gf. K out F fg elled olegrece k ove F anol fy alenoleel ta. CKSFI Tis dhulK) = CksFl Deffrsbion 2 2 An exkugion Ka F ‘ CK SF ] sey) ur ec ee (4 7 i) vi o Now bis CRCE cul wee >) Zh wPee Yat 4 pintlacata: mialalaleie qe i eS a) sl Ww vow we we weak ow woes uk a ae aw a SASASASSIASSS YL | agein Pre» —9 nj 4b a bis if » Lely gern. Bice Wy —— Baw is bebié { Kok Rue feZe cuetE 2 z bef iy =0 #0, Ile, a : a basis of & even P Huse We ets Utes (istemn g te fen) A He elemend. (mm clemeals) lofty gore a bests ¢ K over F. & [kreJe mms CKET[EF] cocl Lenee (Ckih] <%. Dofieitions A a4 Bomeworphig ¢ a féetel dato a fecld & ah Colle on crsbertding of F tudo E. Fesmuas be an embeololt Fu am (omeaphism af K prio E. tet E cul F be Ptellt auc tet EE F bdo E. Thon Ja field Ksd- a dubfield qk Qud o- Cu be ercleneled 10 tue te -1Rawo- o!F EG he tm euabesleling qF tefo F Ur! ~worphisue | fF inte E) het S he a Set whale covell welts tg Some og YRat Gf EmeUE). (he compliment of LF) £6E) ancl SAF=$ Ste covielluabity 458 and E-CU) Cue gant. so J tum emt-ont covers poucleute feces sto F-oW v4 & het K= SUF beffe a wap oo ¢ Ke SUF —E ified bey ota) - § cm) Af aer t stay Af aes. or fs welk-cbffuel y d-d. ancl outo eepp 1 Also, ox (ath)= lath) Ef apber = rla)+olby , = o* (ay +oFls) &* (a+b) = fa +h) Af 4 BES = fea) + fey = oF (a) +e%lb) ros landgs o® (ab) = slay o¥(b) Now we olffee a fdobl aul Shute ouk “f ag ek ye he / marys WA (0% OW) +orlyy) my = (ot) * (oF Gy oly) ) nce dere cpermebiors K formes 4 field. owe FCK. => Fa hub- field qk: Weowm: et ply be & foveceluct ble pelyuontal fa EC), done entsls an enteasion Ed F fa vols POO Then Bes Q mock Pe Boots het ply be an frceclucible pobpromstad be PC = i i Kua fdoal f 60d =) Cpeyy As Ce wart 4 FC ny ty a fictol, = xy eqpouy | goerld F * we B= PCy fare [a ay : olefive ex waespptag pee Ee as follmurs tet Qbh = aerlx] =) a +ply) € POV peasy E GIY = Ar Cpoyvy mn eoarraagarnagTeTTIIIITATIdA Clecerty » an tt fenowor phi, ees ¢ 46 om eae : a THF be Bs) wee Coe Say ES tm eoclengion of F 4elS olemcle , for cour element Qer Pla) = Cet CpOy? =a NOs ap play = Argh m= Ane" Now 6 As poy E< pod? 3 poo +d peu? ae > BRO = pew WOU? = pal do Spray o fu POT ery Now, ao ; poy =0 2 Gr rr -- Qn” + CPO Y= 0 2 Aor | Le4 T din (4rL POP =0 2 plat £8 GQ fomoworphism (prove tt) Now, $l) =plw=o 2 pod EKexf Noo we chat Rak koxp = 3 pooe C400? 4 % bow Now, poo = qeokey for gous ROY erld as decelu cible cuore F fs ROOEF. Ts foed = qee?: By the furclawentel dcoreu of Rouowsar phi Le remy Ime of 4 7 tm = Phorbiat -- tba Wee | Le 2 Flal gay. Sine» — play 45 L7veeelucible polyuonieel 5 Cpouy & rmsimel sleet of FOI 2 FY cry te a fielel- >) Ful a fictel. Now we claim dhat Pluf us the Suerlleat quill, fC couteduby Pg u. tet S be any subject 4 E Conterinivg FRY Now, fet bot biM -- + batt € plu] Pet bosbiy - - rbmEP =) bovbiy —- -abw ES UES (Fes) S Ss % fictet a bot ht — = thm 3 Fruyes > Ful & dhe Grselteak gub- feet dé couteduteg F gu. Peet F[uJ = Flu) a eo Flu) =f bot buy - wt beg MEE beet = th ef — UH) bet degre of f=. co Now, we frie dak UL Creme: elegy ong tegen © < fa POAT depeee eas Hoon E . & 4 Meppose J Roy ERM st Blu=o0 exvol elspa BLD < ROY Eo = ChOO?Z = 5 REY) = peo god os =) eles. (RO) 9,24 (poy =% ae Q Contreroltchion . cee 0 eat ip oy ne fips Las Beun n- “d 4 ae pee fay 0 OG fom a be FLU) gue F —< » [elu sAj=m. 8 Heer dhe eure: wl a . ew Exarmples Lovddur the poteeluibe pelapuces all hp ERX i SS sp u ts a prot fret) fn foe euleutfon KY R, © den Re Piclel Ruz fay du | bER F comlaing ale : — Be Jeol d att 1. s fee dhe cutsience of K. NE The above — Heerenr(23) raat ie “ . ont be Rluy thee S4PCC™ awl by aw (ns) dhe -ffotel of R. ; te aul kh a vector spa curcer Roawt Bos ce beekt5, Linus. TS Ruy aLarbu [a y bey cleanly ués a seocl aed 2 ude also « Hoot Fae also —-us OF (-1)u ERIU) 2) flu cenckeds beth Be senels gf rete. Nolet tine efi amt RUD i callel He fetel ¢ Compley Numther elewoted ta «. novela, Wax +2 Bn qfome extension (ut of K bas Excercise Consicler the. brredaci ble ELlpy FI- 5b u & a soot 4 pes Kof Zito) 9 shou Mat Be eubfieel Alc) four elements. sets By Ae eer (2-5) = Bleajld = bar be [ 4b € Bay] Zhry= forty Fm a Pos 2 choices a8 welt as b Bas two chettes ‘A Efp[ud pet orally four elements. wore purlicls zp, [u]= fortou, bru f wer . = at+utl=o Bpfdis 4 fichl. Enowise-2 Grow “Pak PO = Wn-2 CBI 16 Foeduci ble over Zitz)» Show Rak tere Ab conenleudion - K ¢ Zlt3) with aime elemeals Pasrtig apt 2vels f peu 16 Sls C4] Polutliow :. plad = wen tay = $011925 Plo) = -2 Play = I-}-) = -L Play=4-2-1= 4 Clenaty, pray Has no cook in 23), = pebv us Duieolucible eure Zly). «feb ube sect 4 poo. Pt Weatoyy (25) tee caigh an extension reemely Ziayld q 4. Rese ZfqylI = {a4 bu l a, be CATON Reg Ss Meee chotces . aan b Fa 3 Afalud Rees, nine Elrmerct cuvel Zeafe) ts a ffetel- allo WE Zalel- awl th O rock Y pO J u’-u-i=0e cay xecls + quadeatic epuation ocewe fe fuyeele patie. ee “an soak q toy alio fn Bald. coulefus call seools boo al whe clerueuls. Ext. Show ok a2 EOC] U5 Lrewcoluctble ever @ pid (qt enists) an erlenston Ka Rossing. ale roolt of -2 tue dak [kt Q]=6- pet fo =D 3 Bogle] Rag enaclhy Cor, pelution: Show ymat = 28 & QUI is eredudblo over _@. Find on. _ertenicon Kk of @ having owt roots _of Rea Bete ‘|L-tK:@t 26. deg 9 fx) sf Ao + UX4 AK + AK Hat oO) + OO™ * OX I> a R & u u Q, =-2 q, 290, G20, A, =) les 2 be te pow |) ped. d ate BY ay ‘ ! uy 2) So 40) is vreducibla over QUxl Now, 3 Ensten Coitertory fea) ig fevedudblo over Q sinew Sud Is Of odd degret, de thos q real 1 Oo, then ea = (xa) (ev xart a’) = G-a) (4-0) (a tae) Ws AER Gn, z. a AS, tis ad we dinat — extenchave k ef Q haw aww Sects Se, puluins di eld sy E(x) Oven Q. wb k= Qa, a, ator) = Qa) : WO setisiin ool gtk) = A+, So aca) is ivredudbu, over real & ows Qtal Now Let 7 = LQ,)2 QL A): QJ Leow) 2 FILQ9):Q] where F=Q(a) 2 (aes Pate: ew) {dea of wr ta.a)) =| dle gd) x {deg A) = $ave aca want y S deg “ B=25 = (Ax) =6 a Messe 5 K ‘ a ts. os 4a + ate ntl, t t 3 ® ThA srnallest, Ortensidw 38 having oat of -de Qi Slaton .— Let us demote Smauest extention BM = xia QUT by E- a Na Act ube thn mote] PO) & QCHl - The smal. extenin of @ rontaining U fs E=@tu) . : Z peters Pas a ead | re Pads xt-a =o : ~ t= wa a ah _ We a stot So__w> Pla) € QE! ait ohh Now , os tembow ca be So, dw & ik vhe Smallest extentow whida conkuwt fida_Q_ and one moi ef ltd. [(4) tind sation, oxtension a @ auiiy took #44 6QbJ ___ Go, as abou pla) = HY EQUI td) = C44 eQud +420 | ety = ae Ft TH Lek UW be ine root ot PAVE OTT : leu uhat mob ur ai + B= @(%v 2 from remart , So & 2 bt) as me brates extenckow = of @ haung mol 4 © QU. v U Exwuises bet Ploy lv, - — > fn be a et Fe Nelol F. Sous ack ARoxe eudels am, momlals cer a eatle polynonsted Bos Q 2oob- extension & of F én uhddle elution s Be Knonecke IBicoxew , Ste fly Bas @ scoot Agpen by [swnecker. Aeoxev 5 Sete Pty Bas a soot: ' Jom ertlension Ky, oF 7 on extension Kg Ks, dead nutes. dn 4b0h usc J am an extension. Km q Kye Set Gul? Res G noob: ao FaKck © -~—C Km. 2 $60; foo, ---5 ficy att Reg a 200k inKm + 3. Alechuntc Extensions Ane Definition’ let Ko he an culention GE Au cle meuk ACK £4 ceablecl Ae edlypheic eve F ff Janon-zexo pelymonetel — poy CFO st. dea mock oY fy: be Joy 205 ctRoustic, « fh control tyeouns cevalerctent ! ove F. examplei@ mer & Alyehunic cur Q because Ja tsa wok of fow= F-2 EQCx. @ UrVEC Sy algebraic owe R because Ltt Ha, sok ¢ F4= ew. ie f= C242, @ Wale Ae trensoucetal creer Q ee ee Teerems kel VE KY (akwsion Kf ©) fe algeheucic cue Fo Hen J Au em TOKO wioute petyuortect POE FO Se yy gra wos 4 Lrast dlegeece dele fl=0 wy gey ts tuntque iu) 4 ge FCAT and glv)=0 then fO[yx) wy pro Sa Eveteluible eves F he algebtearc . tet = FD he the in she faelelecuutuale X cbc the Flot F Take We SAH e Fe] | hte) =0§ Naw Wek os culgebrecete. ete = F aq now tea vata funy EFT) gd Rle=0 9 ROVER ; 4990 "e yen ff GX)-0 bet — fray ogeny ef ate fegzo & ye yy qty eFC] 4 ftay- qrac Fl) alin fled - Fle) = 0 < ¢ fw agunen fypdn i guy) er(4d : grey Pos EF CA] alto ples ges = qu) 0-0 4 Aca gen ef Geet Rh cm dclesd 4 OCU}. Shee FOU 4 a a poly went al Ge Fl] Set- f= dfeay Siac Rey Eh auch RUWEO =) PE sbo ; Ve “ aye) - Suppose foo Fok ye 4G who get, oetem Ff % +0 foo & same as Select. delat geucreadedl by qrevaateel a a qm. te ) ots (fl) z ey (yo), we peed Deck joo fe Leclerc ble ence T ceclucible even & shen foo agro Rey — where gods Rou EPO, 14 lea (yee) » clog Rey Cues ae qo. mee Flyyec 4 Qh rl agent cleus fo et'iRer. d hle= oO FO Vney AO Ley (by iy) ROU) Coleg foo) 0 carcl seocl ¢ Hes w cg gts) ye fe fey ty Bewslucitte ever f. Pefiailte ae af cue: Eyleiont fy culeredion Ke Food ceulteel. elachreaie, element f Ss alge peed oueene F. coe cocllee! WB are nck calgednenic Leas cuclintal — cttensivons, 4 ‘ Excexcis( ¢ yee wm GPtle extension qP, Steck & atgotuatc cdleudion 44 F eC eC HVEKOKOOXE ETCH HHCHCHTHTTSTEVOOC OV EO ES vw - ket K be a ferile Cultagion qf. Suppose CF] ene dlimpk = ’ Breese, clepewoleact Wo mext dha Tl cle cols d Ie ase. Luann 4 f our f Moot tnt vek Sovdtele net clemeds 35h ---3 "GK. Sine c Clretall ane Gp. ever Sond Cio 9 4 - UNE wel off zow 64 G+ te ~- +%mt™=0 Lt) dake . > oh HE Nt Op 2 Gyhr = - + ax™ EPG § fO04#O Newt (4) shoud dik ” five Georgie -- 4 ant'=O 5 jolgrccusia foo CFOU Sb flr=o aie cece wig Peele ethlo folyooutint aim FO] a nrek usitlee be cerlleol wetatrual oc F. KEK] be algchretc “The tetque nowt fray EF CA] “f at olagoeee Batag & Callel mind nal polgreaiil af «cue F. Mie et ERIE be algebeeai. sSuypese J vo petywoweral feo ¢ despeat L im FCA] Set jlo awl Jno Pelyenial fl | leyee 2 Fn PEM sete fleeo acl J wo pelywenetad POO of eegeee met in UH] 51. Ploso but FJ a pelyncniel af. clegrece nm in Flu] BA Ply zo. bet fa" he the Leruliy. torfffeioact qf FOU Hew Col poy As tke wakadiueel polynoretal qa. Theoret SEE ts tm enlension f F awl UeE as. alieraic over, tem FW 26 am abgebteric culeadion, q f. Proxte het E be au extention fF auol UeE £4 Cebjetweectc & Ja pobpracnfal pow EFFI st plud=0 cel Suppose degrece ad poy inn. Town by Herre (25) [elu : J =n ee. oul vee denow ct Ko 46 file extension of F thew K& atycbtente excteuiten of P- 2D Fly £4 abjebteecte. erctersiion fe Henee , VRe ted - Nolet .eg © H QUE 9f5,--- Ry ---) ate frulect Subffotd qf ate fret 1R Couette, He xeatfovals Q anel Hee Sewer suocld gf all pasilive pede. Lowe Bat © ie an algehpic. erueudlon qe cuul CELa] =o, SY fete we Clean Hat [email protected] fe tn Eeffuske property ascending Cherdr of gubspa ease ‘e ts over A. “t + ¢ , wie. wit pour deck “ft Pichss --2Py be w abesetnd posible pales awe Fo OS SB y — sfiin) (a er. oe ye 4 ts com other print wok cpusl +0 f's (20st) —-9, dren Si GF: We prot Ae Posed bg eippy bug heE m=0. Tn F=Q, J2¢Q, Fo Ike Nesutt Pelels for n=0. Row, Agunc Hat seesult ae tree fox, N-E preted nel Svyppos MPEP QUI: Thy -~ > Tho Iba) het Fo= @UPi das - - > Ife) * by ctucluchen doe cegutt folly for Fo- cin eeletlton , 4 Fefo Win) 88 Qn culenrds'em 4 Fo cepeca. Luoluction ou 1. Sf pow bee Get JE EF (4 ts ao clishinek prime fecoor brabisibs} 5 WL = arblpy > abe fo 2D Ye w-rh py + 2abJp, as 46@, ah ER, bhn EQ , 2abe@ 5 Tin EQ, a cowtanetiction. Hee = JE EF 2 fuoluction £4 fells foe 7 psiwes, “Treseefont s ACOKC ALG, BR) CONIC ---- fs Cun fafbadle propocly. Qtowcl g chet . Mteuce » E= GL, J, --IP > eae net an fdute Ertleudion df Q. » [Ei Q]ae Nowy Oct CEE 2 FH Sede CE Q(T» —lbe) OS (SPs Is Sh) £5 4 fistle ercleusicn 4a awl we feuow afal enous file en ieeaten B8 algebraic 3 Nas calgebressie overt CQ but MEE be exebitery Beet elect a é bs eelgehreeriC. fuck Beet, Eis au calgebenic ouleredion {& Deffaitoms pesos GF YF ceelteel — feailely guecxaded tif shore celts a firile. rurmchor of fewer Uyta, -— 7 WEE Stich dha dhe — ymallest subfielel 7é Conte Fo avel (Ue Ge —u) i € absely ee — alin). cour wet A fiatlely quevalel extention reel rob be algetanic Examples Take xearicG Now fh Take FOO 2 (adr den fur = (i4ri-aprdeo 2) agebeaic over. R. Aint Gt, $0 F vo polprarastocd 4 lye ae ik Raving of 0h packs (for if g fovert? CR(*) en purse0 eer azo 2 acer, Vent phelichres ) Hitate Howe, fUuy = (x-Y™rl = W242 Fe wali — pelyumant of He (itl) everia, Onna n nanan nnnnan a we me ay NOTES let K be a am extension q F andl She non- empty gubsct 4K fn element 9K Se called a. poly wouctal function in Be vasdable feoms ower Lustre exeppicct oe) YT ope furs nn 12h) EF DMs Hay 97 cw He elbrnerks toy dyr -— ky ES SL pltsrdas zZeRy a RER. Atexce R & the yp. Re FESS. abrosel dost fubreiia qk comfertieg FS ' ‘ wsllogt Suh ficlel + kA gubfictl fK ! NOTE? het S ea subset fk » de $ hop PF awd S colt We covkeninig genera “y & cuer Fuel b cleurkel Hy PIS). ; NOTE tet IG he dro Sot f atl suckoved fanchous Ae coefficicut in F te. whe yasdables ffeows S Pavlos t zek } is Tui io eemet oY. dite baigg ly Mere = ht _, Fu, BA Be don Gt HY? Fable Biae-- Bar 65 — — oa Bits oly Od bf tg OP le Ze blair nay 040) fot fourteen) ebater4] GbePs Bu) aggebs Fee) EF LI dod ack g Bier -2Pe) F° er GUs.e eee Glin, —- 2 Ford $0 boat 4 Z#0 Hew DEK . function in Veodabler for $ Pousiv eoef ficients Fo ote zee > web tg clan a atid dhew Cres x7, EKs a4 Z, 40 Pi ddbdddddd ddd dare 7T d Tas, 4 Uy, ek eu Wes'eK, _ — 28 pS Also 4 GEE Ren a= & ek, anol SES B= 4-EK = > 2» FeK, @ SSK, Hwe, Ky te 4 subfietl of Kk Coal F aud ket Ky ke coy gubfietel d K Comet FS Hl GOdse ble Ze Gtystyy e GEM : Gee, SF Ys — ts BPAY - Bo fiale. cidn OF ane & 5 hae aa é Yow tinny ate ME Pats — Dist Mt bg ER & Kb BB SER 2) he GG . Le my oF Z bij 46h thing WM Pt BB -- pen EK > Zek, =) Kye kK, a. a re gueblest gurfictel oy K Combe Panel ee ba olepeaition Kye FISD NOTE? Suppse 2 a poluonsed fumetion J ficomn § weehe eacffiriest in fF Them zz EFIS) = PEsyerls Be vartubles Now, zt epi) 9 Ze ZL whee Zy, DERE] GF! a co FIS) a dhe feetel a quotieut qf PE. OF Sep teu FISy-F aml FLIHF Qf Sek Hew pysyek and FLSIR OF Soltis ~-ranj Hem we uvele PLS) Flirts -— od acl FIS) 2 Pltrtay 9) F dhe erdeudion FIS) yr & callesl fheily- quack extension . ¥ Se$tj yatien RUS) = Peet) aul FIST =FT ; then ca) Ae walled simple feedd enferustonr ha => NOTE: Suppse K he She extension 4 Fad S be cx wonr-couphy Subset qk Syppese L = Pabrea Jt Ky Mba ee dk couledutag F awlS. thew Re NR, be dhe Svan Lest qd dea. gubrcog gt costed big, cul. (kes a gubsch fk ad Prsek KEE 3rd) rVPVRIPRPRIITHPFTHAHFKHAHFARKQggays ? 4 evtteudiour gf cwel $ be non NOTE? tet K he the Temtty ube fk sappote C's Bhyeg Be & footy qf wk sufieet gk Coulee P aucls. sen P= NP; be des. He gmullest fub-feoul J K contalig PGS, (Kuk 4 surpiool of ébeety Coulshieg PGS & Ke CG Bue At f) NOTE? Suppose — S=5, US, then FI) = PUS VS.) =FlS) ESD Bogs het. ZEFUS) = PISUS) Q 2&4 salons fecchows fn the varcioubles freon SUS, wih Locfifi ctewds int O 2 Ea xakionedl femetions in the vasitebles from gy wth Leefpiuiouds in FUSs) SB TEFSIS) © PISUsy =pisdeG). = ISIE) NOTE* YS & fuk fet dy Se Fires atl Wen FISD) = F (fein — 24nd) =F feiss —-1 4544 USn4) > F(fntss ~-r%014) U fer) = FE 4 92—-s%maZ)lan) We "4 PIS)= Flirts -- tra) any) (an) =) pty POM Plt — <= Flan) =p PLS) =F (4s) (40) - Ln) NOTE: §P Se feirtey ~-r4my Jew mse algo uxtle FS) SF (tintay ~- 94m) les (4103) ag (f pes tat PRT oF Wy Bit Fle) db & Bfetol f pucteuk 4 Fld & Fl4jeFl). fake ZeFle) Ze GO whou goo, ROMERO Gy - la) ROO 9 Hiy=0 & &ley $0 . HOT eas Alo pry ik te vod uaech : Pegquewtal $ Bw th tretducdthy wor fe 4 t* ° & pos (Po s40) Jon Has 3 pelpvewsinta U4 GUHDEREY] gy, enn nrrPpprrrPpPPpPPePeeeRARRRRERKRE i FLY UOY =p ROUBOY = 4 SD POU) +k IK) = =) oO. Uk) + Rix) UO aL SD fo = uy Erle] RY > ze My - po = FOEOD eF lx] co BRO 3 plays PAI EFW @J 2 Fla Nows tee Zerit) 4 zerle] Ft gle fox four pove FOI Dieicle poy by foo at gin) be Me qusticmls cwvol UX) be de rouse? woler few FOU = foogun +09 — whew lego) < leg lf) by supplying. were coeffi unity mse wey wrth Ah) = Ho tégXt - ~ thong A 9 EF citer HOU=0 oe Nw? ae Pla = feoyte) elt) D Ze Me teytt - - ty, A > F(a) 2 Lindy ~-90™Y Now 5 Use hell pxoue that flyay — 91 G coee feLs gupp ese J boobiy ~~ 9 bny EF Ste bot thd ~~ + byt = 0 ket WO) = bo thier - = thn) * > wrnyerl] & ¥l=0 Suc Py as ec bfinal pelgnenstel fxaue bo ft |yev- Sine eg, (fo) =n % ole. (yy) 2) =) YX) =0 (4 yey +0 deer HOY YC) 3 bf=0 vi post eng BD Git NG we Gets euerF. fe Syd, 0G GT vex F 3 fire eG ba baals of Flay cur P y eémpl POO) = [PRI SF J=m = deg(sern) where fo CPIXI fy whhueel polgnmaniel fe. 3. " defiled Ly xe kp, be edgubenic cu het POUEFLX] minimal poly orornal rd be. feed Suppose . oleg (geo) =. dhen. ie and (FU)PJ=n i) a calted —alghrent op bee eceg la). (memes degree a wt tS Fee de codteel a pene Treotem! het Fe Flug Use - 14) be & flatly, qeocratech erlendion af fuk ak Cee UP g(at2, 5% & alpebrace cue F. Tama E 48 fine cuerf ane on ebjebecate Culentien qF ; Boe Het eke £4 algebrate. oven FAA weld of “) weekavetal poly? pay overk & Aq beasts d Fla) oucxh- We fuuow [regs P] <@- How, use proud the geqpulrcel persed by applgtag. duclurkon ou Jt. foc wea) EF Plu) a y Ee aligbrerde. ever P PY CBE] CO aud Pore Els cm abjeteecare ANA n « nnneonnmnnnannegreranarnrrarnnaaga nm ~ a OUleurdi on fF: Suppose 271 4 upper by dustushe - [F lusts, ober) $F JK Set Ee Flutes - Use) Pye Fly rtta ~~ Wal Now Ugg tk alaehrexte oUeeP 2 JQ Non texo polywcwsted foo CFO] Ss fboe)=0 Now FEF, 4 fla) erte) er) a Ww & bgebreu ever Fy & [Alo shiJe% gain [yg h1 <® > [Fy lur) fF] = (Filo 24] (Ase) <° a Eseyce FE ay tem algebraic eration f F Heute, dhe reauett + Exeonples fou peat vel bs aUgebratc & Flay=FE&I Teeazues? — Eylucsion joel by algetnac elements £4 alge bred t+ Peesel 5 hot K be an ettengion ata quavensecl be algeneentc clowenrt awl let § be He pubset qk comb isting { Bat aalgpbien elemevt 3 Ke FOS). We preset Hock [ek eadgenteaic enlenrgion fF gee ands Gt ck. FCS) Han by dbfiaition FS 9 ete penn tos BreBis ——2BmES cc Petre — ota)» fourta = item) EPOU ay -- HT 7 Maree) Pd. ge fldety dm} Jn Bes Pa) 40 OE (Mieay ttiny Bate = By) (ietem, efor) aM alge bende overt Nowy ays fy are cxkugion gence by fruile vod oSipbrane clement 5 fru Ahext fou abigbusic Heme, Pisa © 1% me Byo ) Bnd as agg bovccat ( ercleasien r 4 xis alyehsca ¢ avenf “Ra enleagion Ky Fo abigebsanic « Taroom! yt tg alyheare crcltasion | avel K & alubroste colt Biers { p me LM atyebren's Cukor {rem e. foe Apack oS aalypbrenie relonsion 4k & ks alyphsesut exten $lou r | er os FeRSl 2 LB as extension of P- took of £4 algebraic esse p ebtecne Culler Sics qk 34 Proefg We we kek WEL. wee prout Mow, vel @ Li om aly fey ek(x] Sst fl=0 polyrcorsaed 4 Kee 9 Keele Q vow -Uto Suppese — *) = for kixd het Pre F (Kooks +1 Kw) , Usanly fe eet] (02 coefficient fd ook Meo K ab alycheaic ower F cyucric ower P harks —- 1 Ke OF tod wt fenow yPat er CU d fous geacreted by frvte vi rrppppppeenennn pas poone none ananoan elmer cxlge bene me q algebecue 2D Fye FU Kor kia ~ - Km) Sa aly ‘e cunt 2 (FytF]<% ptso «$5 Abyebecic ever 9 Pritay c= Hence s Treg iF J = Cites AJ [Fite] < be Fly 6g ffuile extension 4 F Fle) fy algehecde — esulengidn qe : a « ely ebecouic ovef yg l 2d aletpouc Cxdensine fF Theorem § Fiurte Creer Son hen aly hoofs let K be aw enlens Geucsectel by qfivale. wo algebroute & a Crtengion qeaaredesl by fmile Ho d alg ebrert® Bove We Suppose Ces PIS® by tucluchion - then CK FJ = = gemorcdcl be eck eer FX é tet , K be am eden sion Fie Ke ft At K “g qyemeteal by fet here K8- . (9 dt feat suppose Hoek tS in leyarate com oe fre? deck Clemo 4h fl SECTOR ET TTY Pehl + vase posers (prose iH) net CKEFJ =4 Comsersely We edule n=l =) KAS ae cuuel Support . cult Pirike enlewsiens Peeniing bet ” Arg How Wook qemeneeled by finile wo. galjehnode cherwerk: Noe CcspJercr 9 K fy eebgebsecete extension $F se ¢ : L jet ‘ te ee es q (eevee) r! Usage) pow CieshJen = (eshte Cea te J=0 Since Celi tPD 72 9 Ckseey7 a & elge bres user P 2 aek SD FEK deke, x, PEK Hen Vv sf core ablythrcic curt Sime enlenbien generetted by fiutle vio. pe oye elpuenlk fs Plate ek Hheseefont ecloebnou'c teed ce) cw clayebreic elengiond Pr 3 Fe FI4% BS K. Now piapy a piel fo x perlip) 2 de perlap) | pt E(u B) (REY =) tp, a¢pleK. Hence K cB a subfield E contetidugg P ) we Untn Het tf WEE kg algebeeic Now our K wen EK Mow «e& be gj a pulvel wseel pare “eaock URERSED ‘ polynorsedl povek CM] st ftjeo 2) mek De |THE -— ang WOE HE OT whet a EK tat Abs Fi (401% 9 ~-1 %r-1) ‘ spine corte YEK — cure ebro, quer [= | enleusta, | i & Uh, FJ Cesrly fey Efe OJ Bo HU=0 cud TS L eclgebeeauie ever Ap ~ 3 TAgla) Ae] << a bel Hen Tao: Ae J ~ [Ao t®) 1 Ac] (Av? A] <7 3 =) Molx) 46 Phule exlewtion over - a ~ =) pole) fg edgebrecutc exfengion eueeF mes a+ A algchinie oven F = =) XEK. jnesbout a > fucka’ we 4 — Dediscttent cubpectel Ko E Peewteining FS caltes| = He calgobeccute cles 4 F mE. =S Keconkerr hemmas — (Apfernale pee) 7 meee ccc / SS hee het yoo creuyy be oo Bewolu ible pe yroustit Se . p foe nar tad { deqecoe m Bey Zo an exlendion Kd Se Se das atleast one rece do) = Pred s wow poye FEA] 23 Lroucluci ble aud Foy % > PE-) fo Hee lead Cgewy = (erernlecl by foo) 18 wauimal. — fect FONT ond Beuou Ke Fd Jy ia field. Defive a wh f Let arcrey a etre Fod/z =K elefine ola) = a+t Now for ecuy 4,6 EF (arp) = Weber = (art) abt = 6 @+cly slab) = abar = lattlbt+T) = r@ety Do Ban Romomorphigm gf ys. oip Ok a3 fellows let ager be ot ae Keel) 9 ol =r =) a+r =T 5 eT = (four > FO AVE %& azo (48 ley (400) 1.) : * Rec lo) = fo} o © Do fg 4-43 tg og pk fg Qu Montero 11 sposwo werphigus fo go retusy gf, “7 “FP ateue kyo) ff er entlengion of F- 7 ees week SK fg a wemomorphige — 0 FYCFICK om wideatifying —(F) wie Fe ma eplowe @4T bya. Pappese fOU= WUT ~~~ +anX" per jleteu, = Her Peuyer = ut EK = PRI Hew — USe A tu place ef ott aa we get few WwW Oot Yt t URMET oc Mk te eth a oxeef seook fewink 5) Pero jan eve "ect dink. ; Hence, fou Res ables take YoutE EK = FOS Suppose feordt are thls quer siccem, © diem gO +E = g@ - every, clemerct of field K a & pebpnewsiel faswahen tm He ot velfable gf wl Corfffetect nF. Resecfoee KE FR JCM > tere) (% XEK &FEK : sine fy Be Preeelucrhle ever Reecfore “se my euppesc » dpovt flr) 2 wheaknanl pelyrenual 4 aver A, — but Hen (FG )5E) = m= olay (fey ° Cksej=n. bites bet K be an ecxkeugion of F feb [KER Jap [privy Hex K ES Called Staple pfetl creenrgion fF. ut bio? het KEK be algebraic fely nomial of x eucl oleg (f0r0) am Hew we dy at « cagebros'¢ exe F ¢ leg sce . chet pone FOI be wlulual Exwaises bet © be Gm enkudion of P avel Let a,pee he agente cue. fuppore — hack He culengtons FM) FIp) 7 Pave of ee ro gn secspectively» who (omny = 4 - Show tect [F (asp ] = (ee) :PICAIPHAL thoef S bet PEE be eclgehreate eee Fi f oleg rece w fn seapeck vely cael Cmpn)et hee JONG goo we vaiuiresel peliy were d 44 seaspectivcly sen: eg [fay g clea (Gide exiengion F(4sB) af queoraled by x %- Cougider the . Since Ententiow generic bg file vo alychreatc clomd +4 fete. So (FltspyiF]< ~ Suppose pla pyitj= @. ow en Cr (wap) oF] = (Fle Fee] oe (FLGR EF LO)™ mig —*H) Fe RLY EFM at F J =) fyuin FCF(B) & FLOP) 9 Le [rep )te)> (PSBSA MIRE > ge [(elnpy sera ») "ys —) fam 4 mre (HLCM ) mnst ——(3) Agen we wri Le (PlyP) FJ [eetop) sete) JC Pot] I fe FOP! PL] (FFI —_l4) bet dyluy= FlOT] be fre minimal pelynovaiel th (ee Pld SPO] Noo gow EF FIC FUT Awl Rly) be ree mctaclsed plywemiel e- 4 P over FlX) amd also jlP=o 2 eWay dea (Rv) 4 cea (gen) ayqggyys but den THWeB) Puy J= dey trey ¢ deg goud= but ten © tnplics fEmn but ite () dmnplics feu (Rp te] = (Reo F] [epic]. Excercise? tet KK be am enfension of F af 46K dos & aba polynowsrel 4 orld legate BLE y Show Pat Pla) = Pld). Prefs ket ke Kp alpha Gf cull despite Sey Piped. ai foDer lr] be He pada pelpecnatal ow ie Me wag pal. dq Duet sor EAE — FG tA y)% i HACER Hed awe also fed =0- HECEame PRP POPRPPRERERRITPTT Ty DS WAGE GP ome "= 0 (Got yee = — + Gant) lat + at ~ - Sarg) =o dw)” 2 (Got Gx -- + GY eG HOt FAK =0 het 4 2 00 = GF Get Is F- > + Gavan) we 9) EF OY ; ™ g goo EPEKY na the Yo yer 2 Rho Ce plyscuiel fe] 9 clew (foo) a oleg (ge) yy dm £ 2m Q Cont seackichen - hewee g(a) #0 hewce 0 tavbe written as. is wt - = + Gace = mee ees QtGPr - - + Gut Dx 4s te 2Abtored umtion in He vasetcble <> wit Coefficrenke im Fe 4 deFlx?) again F CFlt?) So Fld) €FIK*) —__@) ageum KEP) J dl EP) [or Pe) the frebh ) Fla) F(x) — Exercise? rouge Bok OLE IB) = QUA) glee LQ] =A, Aigo jbl te wekisf mil re Pa+fy wer. we Jo given Rak FASB Ra. ensiderc the 8 satin Qi, Dlg avel Ker y Now 5 By €atn sy) me 3 nF 6 OUG,13) (ews 4s Sine QS Q(2, J) > QWary) ¢ QWiJDy ——H | Agpunn Brn € QU4+) > (B+) €QU3+3) =) 243+ 2125 € QUAD) > sr ae eQlaris) (ga455) (5 + aNRS) € QLI24 J3) > srs +6873 €@(anWD 2) ye+as ¢ Quart) ef 24 (fats) —(UEETHND CQMWG+) 3 gf €0 U2) = jJeeauars) (fietel) Algo, PLS, gy 5) - Fs € OURS) DS Me Qwui+sy Alo, ge acyar) 9 Alb, WS AAD but Hen @) — Lemplics fas, a, Bp: = 01+] (05 9 Q(B+9) cous) as

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