XI – CHEMISTRY
HYDROCARBONS
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. Draw all the possible structural isomers with the molecular formula C6H14, Name them.
- -
I CH3
23 S
CHz-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHy-CH3 C -c
Hs Che CH)
-
n-Hexane
any
E S
G, 2-Dimethylbutane
CH3-c-H2-CH- I 234
2-Methylpentane
- > 45
CH3-CH-CH-CH
cits
CHy-CH2-CH-CH2-H
2,
3-Dimethylbutane
3-Methylpentane
2. How is alkene prepared from alcohol by acidic dehydration?
Con H2SOn
.
CH3-CH2-OH -> CH2 =CH2 +H20
443 K
ethanol
D
If H
H H
I la Con HeSOn
.
H - =
c -H + H20
H -
C - C -
H ->
#
# H
Selimination
3. How are cis and trans alkenes formed from alkynes?
Pa/ R-
, C-
-
-
LINDLAR It
cis
R- CC R + 1
L
-
Na in lig Nts
.
R cH
,
-
BIR CH
R
Trans
4. Explain Wurtz reaction with an example.
5. Explain Kolbe’s electrolysis reaction with an example.
6. Write IUPAC name of the products obtained by addition reactions of HBr to hex – 1 – ene.
(i) in the absence of peroxide, and (ii) in the presence of peroxide.
7. Give the different isomers formed by C5H8 along with their IUPAC name.
8. Butanone is formed when an alkyne is passed through a dilute solution of H2SO4 at 330K
in presence of mercuric sulphate. Write the structure of the alkyne.
9. How will you convert ethyne to benzene?
10. State Markovnikov’s Rule.
11. State Kharasch effect.
12. How is alkyne prepared from calcium carbide?
13. How is alkyne prepared from vicinal dihalides?
14. How will you convert propyne to propanone?
15. Write the IUPAC name of the following compound-
16. How is phenol reduced to benzene?
17. What is Friedel craft’s reaction? Give an example.
18. How will you convert benzene into acetophenone?
19. How is benzene converted to benzene hexachloride?
20. Suggest a route for the preparation of nitrobenzene starting from acetylene?
21. Write IUPAC names of the products obtained by the ozonolysis of the following
compounds:
(i) Pent-2-ene
(ii) 3,4-Dimethyl-hept-3-ene
(iii) 2-Ethylbut-1-ene
(iv) 1-Phenylbut-1-en
22. An alkene 'A' on ozonolysis gives a mixture of ethanal and pentan-3-one. Write structure
and IUPAC name of 'A'.
23. Propanal and pentan-3-one are the ozonolysis products of an alkene? What is the
structural formula of the alkene?
24. Write chemical equations for combustion reaction of the hydrocarbon: Toluene
25. Draw the cis and trans structures of hex-2-ene. Which isomer will have higher b.p. and
why?
26. What are the necessary conditions for any system to be aromatic?
27. Explain why the following systems are not aromatic?
28. How will you convert benzene into
(i) p-nitrobromobenzene (ii) m-nitrochlorobenzene
(iii) p -nitrotoluene
29. In the alkane !! " − "!" − "("!! )" − "!" − "!("!! )" , identify 1°, 2°, 3° carbon
atoms and give the number of H atoms bonded to each one of these.
30. What effect does branching of an alkane chain has on its boiling point?
31. Addition of HBr to propene yields 2-bromopropane, while in the presence of benzoyl
peroxide, the same reaction yields 1-bromopropane. Explain and give mechanism.
32. How would you convert the following compounds into benzene?
(i) Ethyne (ii) Ethene (iii) Hexane
33. What happens when acetylene is treated with water in the presence of !# /!'"# ?
34. Complete the reaction
),-
()$ − () = ()%
./-0123/
35. Complete the reaction
36. Complete the reaction
37. Complete the reaction
38. How will you obtain 1-bromopropane from propene?
39. Provide the reagents for the following sequence of reaction:
Propanol → Propene → propane
40. Give two examples for ortho-para-directing group
41. What is the reaction between and HBr in the presence of peroxide.
42. Which of the following has the highest boiling point
(i) 2 – methyl pentane (ii) 2,3 – dimethylbutane (iii) 2,2 – dimethylbutane
more surface area CH3
(i)
CH3-cH-CH2-CH2
(iii)
CH3--CHe-H
(ii) C
Ha -
CH -
CH-CH3
H3 CH3
it
is for 2-Methylpentane as
Highest boiling point
surface area Lesser the branching ,
more
has largest
is the intermolecular forces
43. Why do alkenes show a higher reactivity, despite the fact that they have a higher bond
strength than alkanes.
bond and pibond The
has sigma a .
a
An alkene
located above and below the
electrom of a pibond are
plane of internuclear axis :
they can be easily captured
reagents. &
ja
by attacking
&
44. Why are benzene or its derivatives extra stable? #
of benzene
- -
Due to the pi electrom
-
resonance
,
are
effectively delocalised
.
it is less reactive towards
Question
- Even
though benzene has
s double bonds ,
electrophilic additions like alkenes
.
45. Complete the following reactions:
->
mild occidising agent
'()!
(i) 5"!! − "!! + 78" 9⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯; EHz-COOl
+,
(ii) "!* + !" 8 9⎯⎯⎯; 10 + H2
46. What happens when
-(a) Ethyl iodide is reduced
-
-(b) 2-propanol is heated with conc. !" <8* at 440 K?
Reduced
CH3-CH3 +InI2
=> a) CH3-CH2-I-
2n + dil HC.
D
CH2
- CH3-CH
=
b)
CH3-CH-CH Con
H2SOn propene
.
443K
47. Complete the reaction: dehydration
=>" 8! +H20
-"!! − "!" − 8! CH2CH2
7?@- "
48. Complete the reaction.
CH2CH3
↑
CH3-CH2-CH-G-CH
·
=>
49. Convert acetylene to propyne
ethy ne t
CHECH
-
/
( NH3) Na NHe
/
⑦
&
CH= CH3-T
-
CH =C-CH3 + Nal
-
-
propyne
50. Convert the following
(a) Benzene to acetophenone
(b) Acetic acid to methane
51. Explain why trans-pent-2-ene is polar but trans-but-2-ene is non-polar.
52. Give an example of isomerization reactions of alkenes.
53. Given IUPAC names of the following:
54. What will happen when Baeyer’s reagent is treated with but-2-ene?
55. How will you convert the following:
a) Benzene to benzoic acid
b) Propan-1-ol to 2-Bromopropane?
56. (a) Label 10, 20, 30 and 40 carbon atoms in 2,2-dimethyl pentane
(b) What are the structures, obtained by free rotation along C – C bond called?
(c) Why is cyclopropane more reactivity than propane?
57. Explain why:
(a) The boiling points of hydrocarbons decreases with an increase in branching.
(b) Acetylene is acidic in character.
58. How will you obtain ethane from a suitable Grignard’s reagent? Give the reaction also.
59. Write the major products in the following reactions:
(a) 5"!! "!" "!" AB + CD →
