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Home»Cr
ypt
ogr
aphy»Cr
ypt
ogr
aphyMCQs
MCQ|
Cry
ptogr
aphyBasi
cs
1)Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
snotat
ypeofsy
mmet
ri
c-keycr
ypt
ogr
aphyt
echni
que?
Caesarci
pher
Dat
aEncr
ypt
ionSt
andar
d(DES)
Di
ff
ieHel
l
manci
pher
Pl
ayf
airci
pher
Answer
:c)Di
ff
ieHel
l
manci
pher
Expl
anat
ion:
TheDif
fi
eHell
manusesapai rofasy
mmetri
ckey
sforencr
ypt
ionanddecr
yptionpr
ocesses.Al
l
ther
estment
ionedci
phert
echni
quesuset
hesamekeyf
orencr
ypti
onaswellasdecr
ypt
ion.
2)Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
snotapr
inci
pleofdat
asecur
it
y?
Dat
aConf
ident
ial
i
ty
Dat
aInt
egr
it
y
Aut
hent
icat
ion
Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:d)Noneoft
heabov
e
Expl
anat
ion:
Allthe f
irstthree opt
ions ar
et he pri
nci
ples ofdata secur
it
y.None oft he ment
ioned
char
acter
isti
csfallapar
tf or
mt hesepr i
nci
ples.Ther
efor
e,thecorrectansweri
snoneoft he
above.
3)Whichofthefol
l
owingsecur
it
yat
tacksisnotanact
iveat
tack?
OR
Whichofthefol
l
owingatt
acksi
sapassiveatt
ack?
Masquer
ade
Modi
fi
cat
ionofmessage
Deni
alofser
vice
Tr
aff
icanal
ysi
s
Answer
:d)Tr
aff
icanal
ysi
s
Expl
anat
ion:
Inapassi v
eat tack,t
heattackerdoesnotmodi f
yanypartofthedat
a.Hisat t
emptisonl
yt o
obtai
nt heinfor
mat i
onandnott omodifyit
.Fr
om thementi
onedopti
ons,thi
shappensonlyin
Traff
icanalysi
sinwhicht
heat tackermonit
orst
hepatt
ernoft
ransmi
ssi
on.Therestot
heropt
ions
areexamplesofact i
veat
tacks.
4)Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngopt
ionscor
rect
lydef
inest
heBr
utef
orceat
tack?
Br
utal
l
yfor
cingt
heusert
oshar
etheusef
uli
nfor
mat
ionl
i
kepi
nsandpasswor
ds.
Tr
yingev
erypossi
blekeyt
odecr
yptt
hemessage.
Oneent
it
ypr
etendst
obesomeot
herent
it
y
Themessageori
nfor
mat
ioni
smodi
fi
edbef
oresendi
ngi
ttot
her
ecei
ver
.
Answer
:b)Tr
yingev
erypossi
blekeyt
odecr
yptt
hemessage.
Expl
anat
ion:
Onl
yopt
ionb)i
sthecor
rectdef
ini
ti
onf
orbr
utef
orceat
tack.
5)"A keyisastr
ingofbitsusedbyacr ypt
ographi
calgor
it
hm totr
ansfor
m pl
aintexti
nto
ci
pher
text.
"Whi
chofthef
oll
owi
ngiscapabl
eofbecomingakeyinacr
ypt
ographi
cal
gori
thm?
Ani
ntegerv
alues
Asquar
emat
ri
x
Anar
rayofchar
act
ers(
i.
e.ast
ri
ng)
Al
loft
heabov
e
Answer
:d)Al
loft
heabov
e
Expl
anat
ion:
Asthekeycanbeanyst
ri
ngofbi
ts,
allt
hement
ionedopt
ionsar
ecapabl
eofbecomi
ngakeyi
na
cr
yptogr
aphi
calgor
it
hm.
ADVERTI
SEMENT
6)Amechani
sm usedt
oencr
yptanddecr
yptdat
a.
Cr
ypt
ogr
aphy
Al
gor
it
hm
Dat
afl
ow
Noneoft
hese
Answer
:a)Cr
ypt
ogr
aphy
Expl
anat
ion:
Cr
ypt
ogr
aphyi
samechani
sm usedt
oencr
yptanddecr
yptdat
a.
7)Toencr
yptt
hepl
aint
ext
,acr
ypt
ogr
aphi
cal
gor
it
hm wor
ksi
ncombi
nat
ionwi
thakey
..
.
Wor
d,number
,orphr
ase
Speci
alSy
mbol
s
Funct
ionKey
s
Al
loft
hese
Answer
:a)wor
d,numberandphr
ase
Expl
anat
ion:
Wor
d,numberandphr
asear
eusedt
oencr
yptt
hepl
aint
ext
.
8)Thepl
aint
extencr
ypt
stodi
ff
erentci
phert
extwi
thdi
ff
erentkey
s
Tr
ue
Fal
se
Answer
:a)Tr
ue
Expl
anat
ion:
Thepl
aint
exti
susedt
oencr
yptt
odi
ff
erentci
phert
extwi
thdi
ff
erentkey
s.
9)Conv
ent
ional
cry
ptogr
aphyal
soknownas.
..encr
ypt
ion.
asy
mmet
ri
c-key
l
ogi
cal
-key
sy
mmet
ri
c-key
Noneoft
hese
Answer
:c)sy
mmet
ri
c-key
Expl
anat
ion:
Conv
ent
ional
cry
ptogr
aphyal
soknownassy
mmet
ri
c-keyencr
ypt
ion.
10)TheDat
aEncr
ypt
ionSt
andar
d(DES)i
sanexampl
eofa.
..
Conv
ent
ional
cry
ptosy
stem
Asy
mmet
ri
ccr
ypt
osy
stem
Caesar
'scr
ypt
osy
stem
Al
loft
hese
ADVERTI
SEMENT
Answer
:a)Conv
ent
ional
cry
ptosy
stem
11)Publ
i
ckeycr
ypt
ogr
aphyi
sa.
..cr
ypt
osy
stem
Sy
mmet
ri
c
Asy
mmet
ri
c
Sy
mmet
ri
c&Asy
mmet
ri
cbot
h
Noneoft
hese
Answer
:b)Asy
mmet
ri
ccr
ypt
osy
stem
Expl
anat
ion:
Asy
mmet
ri
cisapubl
i
ckeycr
ypt
ogr
aphy
.
12)Secur
it
yGoal
sofCr
ypt
ogr
aphyar
e
Conf
ident
ial
i
ty
Aut
hent
ici
tyn
Dat
aint
egr
it
yn
Non-
repudi
ati
on
Al
loft
hese
Answer
:e)Al
loft
hese
Expl
anat
ion:
Conf
ident
ial
i
ty,aut
hent
ici
ty,dat
aint
egr
it
yandnon-
repudi
ati
onsecur
it
yar
ethekeygoal
sof
cr
ypt
ography.
13)Apr
ocessofst
udy
ingcr
ypt
ogr
aphi
csy
stem i
sknownasCr
ypt
anal
ysi
s
Tr
ue
Fal
se
Answer
:a)Tr
ue
Expl
anat
ion:
Cr
ypt
anal
ysi
sisapr
ocessofst
udy
ingcr
ypt
ogr
aphi
csy
stem.
14)Ci
pheri
ncr
ypt
ogr
aphyi
s–
Encr
ypt
edmessage
Al
gor
it
hm f
orper
for
mingencr
ypt
ionanddecr
ypt
ion
Bot
hal
gor
it
hm f
orper
for
mingencr
ypt
ionanddecr
ypt
ionandencr
ypt
edmessage
Decr
ypt
edmessage
Answer
:b)al
gor
it
hm f
orper
for
mingencr
ypt
ionanddecr
ypt
ion
Expl
anat
ion:
Ci
pheri
ncr
ypt
ogr
aphyi
sanAl
gor
it
hm f
orper
for
mingencr
ypt
ionanddecr
ypt
ion.
15)Thepr
ivat
ekeyi
nasy
mmet
ri
ckeycr
ypt
ogr
aphyi
skeptby
Sender
Recei
ver
Senderandr
ecei
ver
Al
ltheconnect
eddev
icest
othenet
wor
k
ADVERTI
SEMENT
Answer
:b)Recei
ver
Expl
anat
ion:
Thepr
ivat
ekeyi
skeptbyt
her
ecei
ver
.
16)Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngal
gor
it
hmsi
snotusedi
nasy
mmet
ri
c-keycr
ypt
ogr
aphy
?
DSAal
gor
it
hm
El
ect
roni
ccodebookal
gor
it
hm
Di
ff
ie-
Hel
l
manal
gor
it
hm
RSAal
gor
it
hm
Answer
:b)El
ect
roni
ccodebookal
gor
it
hm
Expl
anat
ion:
The el
ectroni
c code book al
gori
thm i
s a bl
ock cy
phermet
hod i
n whi
ch a bl
ock ofdat
a
cor
respondstoeachblockoftexti
ntheencr
ypt
edmessage.
17)Whi
chi
sthecr
ypt
ogr
aphi
cpr
otocol
thati
susedt
opr
otectanHTTPconnect
ion?
Resour
cer
eser
vat
ionpr
otocol
SCTP
TLS
ECN
Answer
:c)TLS(
Transpor
tLay
erSecur
it
y)
Expl
anat
ion:
Inordert
opr ev
enteavesdropping,t
amperi
ngandmessagef
orger
y,TLShasst
rongmessage
aut
henti
cat
ionandkey-
mat eri
algener
ati
on.
18)Akeyi
sav
aluet
hatwor
kswi
thacr
ypt
ogr
aphi
cal
gor
it
hm t
opr
oduceaspeci
fi
cci
phert
ext
.
Tr
ue
Fal
se
Answer
:a)Tr
ue
Expl
anat
ion:
Akeyi
sav
aluet
hatwor
kswi
thacr
ypt
ogr
aphi
cal
gor
it
hm t
opr
oduceaspeci
fi
cci
phert
ext
.
19)APubl
i
ckeysi
zeandconv
ent
ionalcr
ypt
ogr
aphy
’ssecr
etkeysi
zear
ecl
osel
yrel
atedwi
thone
anot
her
.
Tr
ue
Fal
se
Answer
:b)Fal
se
Expl
anat
ion:
APubl
i
ckeysi
zeandconv
ent
ional
cry
ptogr
aphy
’ssecr
etkeysi
zear
eunr
elat
edwi
thoneanot
her
.
20)El
Gamal
encr
ypt
ionsy
stem i
sanasy
mmet
ri
ckeyencr
ypt
ional
gor
it
hm.
Publ
i
c-keycr
ypt
ogr
aphy
Pr
ivat
e-keycr
ypt
ogr
aphy
Bot
h
Noneoft
hese
Answer
:a)Publ
i
c-keycr
ypt
ogr
aphy
Expl
anat
ion:
TheElGamalencrypt
ionschemeincr ypt
ographyisanasymmetr
icalkeyencr
ypt
ional
gor
it
hm
basedontheDi
ffi
e-Hell
mankeyexchangeforpubl
ic-
keycr
ypt
ogr
aphy.

Home»Cr
ypt
ogr
aphy»Cr
ypt
ogr
aphyMCQs
MCQ|
Cry
ptogr
aphyCi
pher
s(Lev
el:
Easy
)
1)Wear eprov
idedtheplaintext“
SUN”.Youneedtoconv
ertthegiv
enplai
ntexti
ntoci
pher
text
undertheCeasarcipherencrypti
ontechni
que.Whi
choft hefol
lowingopt
ionsi
st hecor
rect
ci
phert
extfort
hegiv
ent exti
fthekeyi
s2?
UWP
NUS
WUP
QSL
Answer
:a)UWP
Expl
anat
ion:
I
ntheCaesarci
phert
echni
que,
theencr
ypt
ioni
sper
for
medasf
oll
ows,
E(P,K)=(P+K)mod26Ther
efor
e,E(S,
2)=(18+2)mod26=20=UE(U, 2)=(20+2)
mod26=22=W E(N,
2)=(13+2)mod26=15=PHence,
theci
pher
texti
s"UWP"
.
2)Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngcannotbechosenasakeyi
ntheCaesarci
pher
?
Ani
nteger
Anal
phabet(
A-Zora-
z)
Ast
ri
ng
Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:c)Ast
ri
ng
Expl
anat
ion:
InCaesarci
pher,wecanchooseanumberoracharact
erwhi
chwhenperf
ormedaddi
ti
onmodulo
operat
ionwitht
hegivenl
etter
softhepl
aint
extgiv
esuscipher
text
.However
,ast
ri
ngcannotbe
chosenforencr
ypti
onint
hiscase.
3)Whi
choft
hef ol
l
owingci
phert
echniquesi
ncl
udet
hei
nvol
vementofmat
ri
xoper
ati
onsi
nthei
r
al
gor
it
hmsofencry
pti
onanddecr
ypti
on?
Hi
l
lCi
pher
Pl
ayf
airci
pher
Bot
haandb
Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:c)Bot
haandb
Expl
anat
ion:
Thehi
l
lci
pheri
ncl
udesasquar emat
ri
xasthekey,andinPlayf
airci
pher
,wecreatea5X5mat
ri
x
usi
ngt
hegiv
enkeystr
ing.Hence,
bot
htheseci
pher
si ncl
udetheuseofmatr
ices.
4)Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngci
pher
sisabl
ockci
pher
?
Caesarci
pher
Ver
nam ci
pher
Pl
ayf
airci
pher
Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:c)Pl
ayf
airci
pher
Expl
anat
ion:
ThePl
ayf
airci
pherusesabl
ockofpl
aint
ext
,eachbl
ockcont
aini
ng2char
act
ers.
5)Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngci
pher
susesasy
mmet
ri
ckeycr
ypt
ogr
aphy
?
Rai
lFenceCi
pher
Dat
aEncr
ypt
ionSt
andar
d(DES)
Di
ff
ieHel
l
manCi
pher
Noneoft
heabov
e
Answer
:c)Di
ff
ieHel
l
manCi
pher
Expl
anat
ion:
TheDif
fi
eHell
manci
pherusesasy
mmet
ri
ckeycr
ypt
ogr
aphy
.Itusesapai
rofkey
s,onepr
ivat
e
andonepubl
i
c.
6)"
Cipher
"issy
nony
mouswi
th"
code"
,
Tr
ue
Fal
se
Answer
:a)Tr
ue
Expl
anat
ion:
Incryptogr
aphy,theterms"cypher
"and" code"ar
esynonymoussincetheybothrefertoa
sequence ofprocesses t
hatencrypta message;nonet
heless,t
he i
deas ar
e separat
ein
cry
ptography,
part
icul
arl
ycl
assi
calcr
yptogr
aphy.
7)Bl
ockci
pher
saccumul
atesy
mbol
sinamessageofa_
___
__.
Fi
xedsi
ze
Var
iabl
e
I
ntegr
ati
on
Al
loft
hement
ionedabov
e
Answer
:a)Fi
xedsi
ze
Expl
anat
ion:
Blockcy pher
samasssy mbolsinamessageofaf i
xedsiz
e( thebl
ock),wher
easstream cy
phers
operateonast r
eam ofsymbol sthatisconstant
lychanging.Whenacy pheremploysthesame
keyf orbothencrypt
ionanddecryption,t
healgori
thm orcypherisref
err
edtoasasy mmet r
ickey
algorit
hm.Asy mmetrickeyalgori
thms,alsoknownascy phers,encry
ptanddecry
ptdat ausinga
diff
erentkeyforeachoperat
ion.
8)Wi
thsy
mmet
ri
ckeyal
gor
it
hms,
the_
___keyi
susedf
ort
heencr
ypt
ionanddecr
ypt
ionofdat
a.
Di
ff
erent
Same
Bot
hAandB
Noneoft
hement
ionedabov
e
Answer
:b)Same
Expl
anat
ion:
Whenusingsymmet ri
ckeytechni
ques,t
hesamekeyi sut i
li
zedforbot htheencr
ypt
ionand
decr
ypti
onoftheinf
ormati
onbeingtr
ansmit
ted.Asy
mmet r
ickeyalgor
ithms,whi
chencr
y ptand
decr
yptdat
ausingpubli
candpr
ivat
ekeys,
areusedtopr
otectsensi
ti
veinfor
mati
on.
9)_
___i
sthemessageordat
athatcanber
eadabl
ebyt
hesender
.
Edi
ted
Mai
nText
Pl
aint
ext
Al
loft
hement
ionedabov
e
Answer
:c)Pl
aint
ext
Expl
anat
ion:
Plai
ntextisamessageordat
at hatmayber eadbyt hesender,t
hereceiv
er,oranythir
dpart
y
whohappenstocomeacrossi
t.Whenplai
ntextisal
teredbytheappli
cati
onofcert
ainalgor
it
hms
orprocedur
es,
ther
esul
ti
ngdat
aormessagei srefer
redtoasciphert
ext.
10)I
nt hecaseofsy
mmet r
ickeyencr
ypt
ion,
thesecr
etkeyt
hatbot
hthepar
ti
espossesscanbe
anyt
hingsuchasa____
___
.
Passcodeorapasswor
d
Dev
elopedcode
Net
wor
kset
Noneoft
hement
ionedabov
e
Answer
:a)Passcodeorapasswor
d
Expl
anat
ion:
Withsy mmetri
ckeyencr
ypti
on,thesecr
etkeythatbothpart
ieshaveaccesstocanbeany thi
ng,
suchasapasscodeorapasswor d,dependi
ngont hecir
cumstances.Also,arandom st
ri
ngof
character
sornumbersgenerat
edusingasecureRandom NumberGener ator(
RNG)canbeused
torepresenti
t.
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngar
etheappl
i
cat
ionsofcr
ypt
ogr
aphy
?
Di
git
alsi
gnat
ure
Aut
hent
icat
ion
Keygener
ati
on
Al
ltheabov
e
Hi
nt
Cor
rect
!Youhav
esel
ect
edcor
rectanswer
.
Corr
ectInf
o:Theappl
i
cat
ionsofcr
ypt
ogr
aphyi
ncl
udesdi
git
alsi
gnat
ure,aut
hent
icat
ionandkey
gener
ati
on.
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngar
ethecomponent
sofcr
ypt
osy
stem?
Pl
aint
ext
Ci
phert
ext
Key
s
Al
ltheabov
e
Hi
nt
Cor
rect
!Youhav
esel
ect
edcor
rectanswer
.
Cor
rectI
nfo:
Thecomponent
sofcr
ypt
osy
stem i
ncl
udespl
aint
ext
,al
gor
thi
ms,
key
sandci
phert
ext
.
56)
.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sanencr
ypt
ionkeyofassy
met
ri
csy
stem?
Publ
i
c
Pr
ivat
e
Bot
haandb
Zer
okey
Hi
nt
Wr
ong!Youhav
esel
ect
edwr
onganswer
.
57)
.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sandecr
ypt
ionkeyofassy
met
ri
csy
stem?
Publ
i
c
Pr
ivat
e
Bot
haandb
Zer
okey
Hi
nt
58)
.Sy
mmet
ri
ckeyci
pher
sar
edepl
oyedusi
ng?
St
ream ci
pher
Bl
ockci
pher
Bi
tci
pher
Bot
haandb
Hi
nt
59)
.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngar
etheappl
i
cat
ionsofDESal
go?
ATM basedencr
ypt
ion
E-
mai
l
Remot
eaccess
Al
ltheabov
e
89)
.Inwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
ypeofcr
ypt
osi
mil
arkey
sar
eusedf
orencr
ypt
ionanddecr
ypt
ion?
Sy
mmet
ri
ckey
Asy
mmet
ri
ckey
Publ
i
ckey
Bot
hbandc
Hi
nt
Cor
rect
!Youhav
esel
ect
edcor
rectanswer
.
Cor
rectI
nfo:
I
nsy
mmet
ri
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Bl
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1.Adi
git
alsi
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samat
hemat
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techni
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dat
es?
A.aut
hent
ici
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B.i
ntegrit
y
C.Non-repudi
ati
on
D.Al
l oftheabove
Vi
ewAnswer
Ans:
D
Explanati
on:Adi
git
alsi
gnat
urei
samat hemati
calt
echni
quewhichvali
dat
est
heaut
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non-
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2._
___
___
___
___i
sapr
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A.Authenti
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B.Non-repudi
ati
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C.I
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D.Noneoft heabove
Vi
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Ans:
A
Expl
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on:Aut
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chv
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fi
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thesyst
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3.___
___
______
_ensuresthatthemessageisr
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rom unaut
hor
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D.Noneoft heabove
Vi
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Ans:
C
Expl
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egri
ty ensures t
hatt
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4.Howmanyal
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A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
Vi
ewAnswer
Ans:
B
Expl
anat
ion:Adigi
talsi
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eeal
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it
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hedocument
.
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gnatureveri
fyi
ngal
gori
thm
C.Si
gningalgori
thm
D.Authent
icat
ion
Vi
ewAnswer
Ans:
C
Expl
anat
ion:
Asi
gni
ngal
gor
it
hm pr
oducesasi
gnat
uref
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hedocument
.
6.Whi
chal
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it
hm pr
ovi
dest
hepr
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it
hm
B.Si
gnatur
ev eri
fyi
ngal
gori
thm
C.Si
gningal
gor i
thm
D.Noneoftheabov e
Vi
ewAnswer
Ans:
A
Expl
anat
ion:Thekeygener
ati
onalgori
thm sel
ect
sprivat
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rom asetofpossi
ble
pri
vat
ekeys.Thi
salgor
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scor
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choft
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oll
owi
ngi
snotat
ypeofdi
git
alsi
gnat
ure?
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B.Non-Cert
ifi
edSi gnatur
es
C.Vi
sibleDigi
tal Si
gnature
D.I
nvisi
bleDigitalSignat
ure
Vi
ewAnswer
Ans:
B
Expl
anat
ion:
Non-
Cer
ti
fi
edSi
gnat
uresi
snotat
ypeofdi
git
alsi
gnat
ure.
8.Whi
chsi
gnat
ureal
l
owsausert
osi
gnasi
ngl
edocumentdi
git
all
y?
A.Approval
Signatures
B.Cer
t i
fi
edSignatures
C.Vi
sibleDi
gitalSignat
ure
D.I
nvisi
bleDigit
alSignatur
e
Vi
ewAnswer
Ans:
C
Expl
anati
on:Thevi
sibl
edi
git
alsi
gnat
ureal
l
owsausert
osi
gnasingl
edocumentdi
git
all
y.This
si
gnatur
eappearsonadocumenti nthesamewayassi
gnat
uresaresi
gnedonaphy si
cal
document.
9.Whi
chsi
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urecont
ainst
henameoft
hedocumentsi
gnerandt
hecer
ti
fi
cat
eissuer
?
A.Approval
Signatures
B.Cer
t i
fi
edSignatures
C.Vi
sibleDi
gitalSignat
ure
D.I
nvisi
bleDigit
alSignatur
e
Vi
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Ans:
B
Expl
anat
ion:Thecert
if
iedsi
gnatur
econtai
nst henameofthedocumentsi
gnerandt
hecer
ti
fi
cat
e
i
ssuerwhichindi
cat
etheauthor
shipandauthenti
ci
tyoft
hedocument.
10.Whi
chsi gnat
uresi
ncl
udedet
ail
ssuchasani
mageofourphy
sicalsi
gnat
ure,l
ocat
ion,dat
e,
andoff
ici
alseal?
A.Approval
Signatures
B.Cer
t i
fi
edSignatures
C.Vi
sibleDi
gitalSignat
ure
D.I
nvisi
bleDigit
alSignatur
e
Vi
ewAnswer
Ans:
A
Expl
anati
on:The approvalsi
gnatur
estoi
ncl
ude det
ail
ssuch asan i
mage ofourphy
sical
si
gnatur
e,locat
ion,
dat
e,andoffi
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