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Ictnotes

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18 views6 pages

Ictnotes

Uploaded by

jambadilla.edu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BALL (TILT) SWITCHES

- is a component that can detect the tilting of an object (basic motion, orientation
or inclination). However it is only the equivalent to a pushbutton activated
through a different physical mechanism. This type of sensor is the
environmental-friendly version of a mercury-switch. It contains a metallic ball
inside that will commute the two pins of the device from on to off and vice-
versa if the sensor reaches a certain angle.

THE USE OF BALL SWITCHES


- are plunger contacts used for opening and closing low voltage circuits. They can
activate a light or alarm when a door or window is opened. They are used with
security or alarm systems, signaling circuits and other low voltage switching
applications. The switches are used to turn electrical devices on or off and can
be activated by time, light or motion. They can control indoor or outdoor lights,
appliances and small equipment motors.

ADVANTAGES OF BALL SWITCHES


This switch type offers multiple contacts and hence tilt direction can be determined.
Moreover these switches are less toxic compare to mercury switches.

➨Tilt switches are very small in size.


➨They consume low power for its operation.
➨If properly used, they will not wear out.
➨It is very easy to interface with microcontroller and used for various analysis
by writing a simple code.

DISADVANTAGES OF BALL SWITCHES

Ball type tilt switch (Drawbacks):


1. When this tilt switch is subjected to current above its rated specification, arcing
may erode its contacts and it will become less reliable.
2. The vibration of balls from one position to the other will create erratic or
random signals.

➨They require gravity for its operation (i.e. to roll a ball or to move a blob of mercury).
Hence these switches will not work under low gravity, reversed gravity or zero gravity
conditions.

➨Performance of tilt switch in a vehicle which accelerates or decelerates suddenly may


also be unreliable.

➨Tilt switches deliver erroneous results under significant vibration conditions.

74H C595
One of the nice things about the Arduino is that it has a fair amount of I/O pins to work
with. You can wire up a few buttons, sensors, servos, and so on, but as the list grows, you
will quickly run out of pins. The solution is to use a ‘shift register,’ which allows you to
add more I/O pins to the Arduino (or any microcontroller). By far the most widely used
shift register is the 74HC595, also known as just “595”. The 74HC595 is an high speed
CMOS device. An eight bit shift register accepts data from the serial input on each
positive transition of the shift register clock. When asserted low the reset function, sets
all shift register values to zero and is independent of all clocks.

74H C595 WORKS


Shift Register
- is a type of digital circuit using a cascade of flip-flops where the output
of one flip-flop is connected to the input of the next.
WHEN YOU SHOULD USE A SHIFT REGISTER?
Shift registers are often used to increase the number of I/O pins on a
microcontroller. For example, If your project needs to control 16 individual
LEDs, you will, of course, require 16 pins of an Arduino, which is not possible.
This is where the shift register comes in handy. With two shift registers
connected in series, you can control 16 LEDs with only three I/O pins. That is
quite a difference, and the more shift registers you chain together, the more pins
you’ll add. In theory, by daisy-chaining shift registers, an infinite number of I/O
pins can be added.
74H C595 PINOUT
THE USE OF 74H C595
Now that we have a certain understanding of shift registers and how they
function, let’s take a look at some of the widely used applications of shift
registers as follows:
- Shift Register can be used for the temporary storage of data such as
buffering and delay circuits.
- The two types of shift registers, parallel-in-parallel-out and serial-in-
serial-out are used to produce time delay to digital circuits.
- A shift register can be used to convert data from parallel to shift or vice
versa as such a parallel data stream can be converted to a series data
stream using a shift register.
ADVANTAGES
-Very quick to use
-The data can be converted very easily as compared to converter circuits
-The signal delay can be done by using this shift register
-Simple to design
-This can be used to encrypt/decrypt the data.
-The data can be tracked
DISADVANTAGES
-The disadvantage of a shift register is, the output current strength is not strong
Speed: The operation of a shift register is limited by the speed of the
clock. If the clock frequency is too high, the data may not be reliably
stored and shifted.
Finite Storage: Each shift register can only store a limited amount of
data, defined by the number of stages or flip-flops it contains.

LM35DZ
is an integrated circuit analog sensor that can be used to measure temperature
with an electrical output proportional to the temperature (this is why it is an
analog sensor). It can measure temperature more accurately than a thermistor.
The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation.
The Lm35dz is a low voltage, precision centigrade temperature sensor. It is a
chip that provides a voltage output that is linearly proportional to the temperature
in °C and is, therefore, very easy to use with an Arduino. The LM35dz
temperature sensor is fairly precise, never wears out, works under many
environmental conditions and requires no external components to work. In
addition, the Lm35dz sensor does not require calibration and provides a typical
accuracy of ±0.5°C at room temperature and ±1°C over a full −55°C to +155°C
temperature range. The sensor can be powered with a 4V to 30V power supply .

LM35DZworks
LM35 sensor uses the basic principle of a diode, where as the temperature
increases, the voltage across a diode increases at a known rate. By precisely
amplifying the voltage change, it is easy to generate an analog signal that is
directly proportional to temperature.
The best way to remember pinout is to look at the flat side of the LM35: left pin
is power, center pin is output, and right pin is ground.

APPLICATION
- used for measuring the temperature of a particular environment.
- provides thermal shutdown for a circuit or component used in a specific
project.
- can be used for battery temperature measurement. It provides battery
protection from overheating.
ADVANTAGES
Lm35dz is a temperature sensor that has several advantages over other
temperature sensors, such as thermocouples and thermistors. Some of the
advantages of Lm35dz include:
Linearity: Lm35dz provides a linear output voltage that is proportional to
the temperature. This makes it easier to calibrate and use in a variety of
applications.
Low impedance: Lm35dz has a low output impedance, which means that
it can be easily interfaced with other circuits and devices.
Wide temperature range: Lm35dz has a wide temperature range of -55°C
to 150°C, which makes it suitable for a variety of applications.
Low cost: Lm35dz is an inexpensive sensor that is widely available,
making it an economical choice for many applications.
Ease of use: Lm35dz is easy to use and requires minimal external
components. It is a simple device that can be integrated into many
different circuits and systems.
Overall, the advantages of Lm35dz make it a popular choice for many
temperature sensing applications, such as in HVAC systems, automotive
applications, and industrial monitoring and control systems.
DISADVANTAGES
Non-Standard Output : Cannot measure negative temperature, for that you have
to bias it with a dual polarity supply.
Sensitivity to Noise : it's very sensitive to noise because it outputs data in analog
format.

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