IOT BASED HOME AUTOMATION USING

ATMEGA328 MICROCONTROLLER

Abstract— In the modern world of automation So, we can use these to control home appliances.
where in most of the system become machine Our smart home system will control lighting,
driven, such as industrial automation, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances. It’s
automation in homes and alternative business the era of smart home and it’s the best thing to ever
sectors. Wireless home automation system using happen to people who love technology. What the
IoT is an innovative application of internet of home automation system can actually do for you is
things developed to control home appliances more than just make things easier. Home automation
remotely over the cloud. This system aims to technology can be effective to keep people with
provide the switching control of light, fan or any disabilities and the elderly safe and help to make
other home appliances from anywhere around their lives a little easier. As the conventional wall
the world using IoT, which saves the electric switches are located at different parts in the house
power as well as human energy. The IoT based which requires manual operation to control the
home automation project is done using appliances. Instead home automation makes it
ATmega328 microcontroller, ESP8266 wi-fi easier. Sometimes those who are consider elderly
module, relays and few simple components and who may forget to turn off the appliances in their
electrical devices can be controlled and their homes, and the appliances continue to run and
status can be monitored. The main goal of this energy cannot stop consuming, this can prove to be
project is the home automation with controlling dangerous. Thus, this system can be used to turn the
the home appliances using wireless appliance OFF using smart phone. We are
communication as Wi-Fi. In this project smart proposing a home automation system using a simple
home system is designed with the implementation Android app, which you can use to control electrical
of related software and hardware. appliances with clicks. Commands are sent via wi-fi
module to ATmega328 microcontroller. So, you
Keywords— IoT (Internet of Things), Home don’t need to get up to switch ON or switch OFF the
Automation System, ATmega328 device while watching a movie or doing some work.
microcontroller. Thus, having a home automation system installed in
your home is generally beneficial to you and your
I. INTRODUCTION family.
IOT is the technology which allows us to control II. LITERATURE SURVEY
hardware devices through the internet. we know the
fact that many technological developments and Home Automation using Cloud Network and Mobile
innovations played a major role in our lives. As the Devices
technology is updating every minute across the
world, its time, that we go ahead for the automation This paper reviews extension of the current internet
of our houses for complete luxury. Nowadays, which providing communication, connection and
people have smartphones with them all the time and inter-networking in between the devices and
want everything should be done in one click only. physical objects, or also known as Things, is a

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growing trend which is called as the Internet of III. PROPOSED WORK
Things. The Internet of Things (loT), that's going to
change everything which also include ourselves. loT Here we propose the system using IoT in order to
is the next evolution or generation of the Internet, it's control home appliances, thus automating modern
like taking a huge leap in its ability to collect, homes through the internet. In this IoT based smart
analyse, and distribute data which ultimately, we can home project, microcontroller ATmega328 is used
turn into information then knowledge and finally for performing all the operations. This system uses
into wisdom [1]. three loads to control house lights and a fan. Our
user-friendly interface allows a user to easily control
An Internet of Things (loT) Architecture for these home appliances through the internet. The
Embedded Appliances complete unit can be powered from the mains using
a step-down transformer of 230V primary to 12V
From this paper we understood that there are a secondary. A full wave rectifier followed by a
number of issues involved when designing a home capacitor filter gives the output voltage. In this
automation system. It should provide a user- friendly system, as a 12v relay module is used so 12v supply
interface on the host side, so that the devices can be is needed, this power supply is taken from the
easily, monitored, and controlled. The system secondary of step-down transformer. 5V supply is
should be cost effective in order to justify its needed for powering the microcontroller
application in smart home systems. To minimize the ATmega328, LCD and some of the relay module
drawback of each system and to overcome the circuit. So, 7805-voltage regulator connected with a
design issues, they integrate locally and remotely 12v supply. This voltage regulator provides 5v
controlled systems using cloud data network. This output. A 3.3v power supply is used for powering
allows the system to operate independent of a mobile the ESP8266 wi-fi module as it works on 3.3v. This
provider, allows the system to be used with various supply will make by using LM1117 voltage
mobile phone platforms, and allows the system to regulator which can be configurable to 3.3v by using
operate locally when phone or computer access is some voltage divider circuitry with this. The
not available [2]. microcontroller will communicate with ESP8266
Home Automation using IoT Wi-Fi module to send and receive data from the
server and take action accordingly to turn ON/OFF
This paper tells that home automation is providing relay or load and displaying the status of loads over
home safety for dwellers. It automatically turns LCD. 16x2 LCD display is used for displaying the
lights on in stairways, and other dark places. status of connected AC appliances. Thus, this
Everywhere environmental issues are increased system allows for efficient smart home over the
before introducing any technology. In this regard internet. The block diagram of IoT based Home
smart home provides a better solution. Devices Automation is as shown in Fig. 1
included in home automation consume less power.
Besides, it saves energy. Thus, smart home
technology is so far environmentally suitable.
Moreover, the technology keeps mind in peace. In
most cases, guardians face problems and always
they keep tensioning for the safety of their children
staying in home [3].
Home Automation using ATmega328
Microcontroller and Android Application
From this paper we understood that the automation
means the use of control systems and information
technologies to reduce the need for human work in
the production of goods and services. Whereas
mechanization provided human operators with
machinery to assist them with the muscular
requirements of work, automation greatly reduces
the need for human physical and mental
requirements as well. Automation plays an
important role in the world economy and in daily
experience [4]. Fig. 1 Block Diagram of IoT based Home
Automation

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 IV. COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR regulator connected with a 12v supply. This
HOME AUTOMATION voltage regulator provides 5v output.
6) 16x2 LCD Display—
The system mainly consists of hardware, software
16x2 LCD is named so because it has 16
and an android application.
columns and 2 rows. It works on 5 volts. In this
A. Hardware required— project, the 16x2 LCD display is used for
displaying the status of connected AC
1) Microcontroller ATmega328 —
appliances.
ATmega328 is an 8-bit and 28 Pins AVR
7) Relays—
MicrocontrollerATmega328P is a high
performance and low power consumption 8-bit A relay is a form of electrical switch that is
AVR microcontroller. The Atmega328 has 28 operated by electromagnet which changes over
pins. It has 14 digital I/O pins. It operates on DC the switching when current is applied to the coil.
voltage of 5V. It is the brain of the system. It Relays are used to switch loads ON & OFF.
will communicate with ESP8266 Wi-Fi module 8) TRIAC—
to send and receive data from the server and TRIAC (Triode for AC) is the semiconductor
take action accordingly. device widely used in power control and
2) ESP8266 wi-fi Module— switching applications. It is bidirectional
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module can give any device. Here it is used for speed control of fan.
microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi network.
ESP8266 works on 3.3Volts. The ESP8266 is a B. Software Required—
low-cost device to provide internet connectivity 1) AVR Studio 6—
to our project. The module can work both as an AVR studio is an Integrated Development
Access point (can create hotspot) and as a Environment (IDE) developed by ATMEL for
station (can connect to Wi-Fi), hence it can developing different embedded applications
easily fetch data and upload it to the internet based on 8-bit AVR microcontroller.
making Internet of Things as easy as 2) Prog ISP—
possible.ESP8266 is one of the most practical This software supports programming of Atmel
modules for wireless connection (Wi-fi). These microcontrollers ATmega (AVR). This
modules can be used in both server and client software is to burn program into
operating modes. microcontroller. It can be used to erase built-in
3) ULN2003 Relay Driver IC— Flash and EEPROM memories as well as read
ULN2003 is very famous relay driver integrated and program them. ISP Programmer also
circuit. It is high voltage and high current supports serial Atmel Data Flash memories.
integrated IC. The ULN2003 is a 16-pin IC. It 3) PCB Artist—
contains seven Darlington pair of transistors PCB Artist is a software application to design
which have high voltage and high current electrical circuits boards. PCB Artist is a user
carrying capability. So, it can drive up to seven friendly & free PCB layout software that you
relays at a time. It contains 7 high-voltage and will find easy to use. It is used to design the
high current Darlington pairs. Each pair is rated microcontroller and relay boards.
for 50V and 500mA. Input pins can be triggered
by +5V. C. Android Application—
4) LM1117 Voltage Regulator— The android app Blynk was designed for the
It converts the logic level, that is, the voltage Internet of Things. It can control hardware on
you are using for the logic. If the controller one click only, it can display the data, it can
sends bits to the ESP8266 at 5V, the inputs of store data, visualize it and do many other things.
the latter will be damaged. So, the voltage When we press a button in the Blynk app, the
should be reduced to 3.3V, that is what the message sends to the blynk cloud, where it finds
converter does. It needs to be powered with the its way to the hardware. It works and everything
lower voltage. There are three main pins on happens in a blynk of an eye.
LM1117 which are the input pin, the ground
pin, the output pin which outputs at 3.3V. V. APPLICATIONS
5) LM7805 Voltage Regulator—
A LM7805 Voltage Regulator is a voltage 1) Controlled electrical fixtures such as lights and
regulator that gives output of +5 volts. We need air conditioners
5v for powering the microcontroller 2) Simplified garden or lawn management
ATmega328, LCD and some of the relay 3) Controlled smart home appliances
module circuit. So, we will use a 7805-voltage 4) Enhanced safety and security at home
5) Water and air quality control and monitoring

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6) Voice based home assistant supporting natural [4] Anusha S., Madhavi M., Hemalatha R. (2015).
language Home Automation using ATmega328
7) Smart locks and switches Microcontroller and Android Application.
International Research Journal of Engineering
VI. FUTURE SCOPE and Technology (IRJET). Volume: 02 Issue: 06
[5] Rani P. J., Bakthakumar J., Kumaar B. P.,
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Device-to-Device Communication in the
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AKNOWLEDGEMENT [8] Somani S., Solunke P., Oke S., Medhi P. &
Laturkar P. P. (2018). IoT Based Smart Security
We would like to express our deep and sincere and Home Automation. 2018 Fourth
gratitude to our guide and Head of Electrical International Conference on Computing
Engineering Department, Prof. V. M. Pimpalkar for Communication Control and Automation
guiding us to accomplish this proposed work and for (ICCUBEA).
providing all the necessary facilities required for this (DOI:10.1109/ICCUBEA.2018.8697610)
research. We are also grateful to Dr. Rajani Kant, [9] Jain A., Tanwar P., & Mehra S. (2019). Home
Principal, Ballarpur Institute of Tech., Ballarpur, Automation System using Internet of Things
India for supporting and co-ordinating and sharing (IOT). 2019 International Conference on
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this research. We are also immensely grateful to all Computing (COMITCon).
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