Kingdom Animalia (Invertebrates)

Character Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Aschelminthes Annelida Mollusca Arthropoda Echinodermata

Bilateral &
Symmetry Asymetrical Radial Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral & Radial
Asymmetry
Cavity Spongocoel Coelonteron Acoelomate Pseudocolomates Coelomates Coelom Hemocoel Coelom
Freshwater or Free living or
Habitat Aquatic Aquatic Parasitic Endoparasites Aquatic & terrestrial Aquatic & terrestrial Air, water & soil Aquatic(Marine)
Pinacoderm,
Body Layers Mesenchyme, Diploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic
Choanoderm,
Detritus, Sac type or absent in
Tube like digestive Tube like, Radula a Tube like lower oral
Digestion Zooplankton & Sac type parasites e.g Tube within tube Tube like and specialized
system tongue like structure and upper aboral end
Phytoplankton (Tapeworm)
Respiration No system No system No system No system No system Gills & lungs Tracheae, Book lungs and gills No system
Excretion No system No system Protonephridia Excretory canals Paired Nephridia Nephridia Malpighian tubules No system
Poorly organized,
Centralized ( Nerves CNS & Papillae as CNS, Brain, Double Three pairs of Paired ganglia and double ventral
Nervous Sys. Sensory Cells Diffused Nerve ring around
and ganglia) sensory organs Ventral nerve cord ganglia nerve cord
pharynx
Circulation No system No system No system No system Closed Open & Close Open Poorly developed
Spicules, Siliceous Exoskeleton of Calcareous secreted Mesodermal
Skeleton CaCO3 No system No system Hydrostatic Exoskeleton and chitinous
or calcareous by mantle endoskeleton
Sexual
Sexually, Hermaphrodite, Sexual, Hermaphrodite
Hermaphrodite, Sexual, separate Separate sexes and sexual,
Reproduction Hermaphrodite, regeneration and Separate sexes (Earthworm) or Separate sexes
Asexual, Budding sexes Metamorphosis
Asexual, Budding fission separate sexes (Neries)
(Gemmules)
Bippinaria and
Larval Form Free swimming Free Swimming Trochophore Trochophore larva Larva, nymph or instar
Brachiolaria
Dorsolateral and Circular and Water vascular
Movement Non motile Motile or sessile Motile or sessile Muscular foot Walking or flight
ventrolaterl muscles longitudinal muscles system
Gastropoda (Snail,
Spongilla, Hydra, Obelia, Planaria, Polychaetae (Neries), Crustacea(Crab,prawan), Insecta
Ascaris, Rhabditis, Slug), Bivalvia
Leucoselenia, Sea anemone, Tapeworm, Liver Oligochaetae (Flies, Bees), Arachnida Sea star, brittle star,
Examples Entrobius, (Mussels and oyster),
Spongilla, Madrepora, fluke and Blood (Earthworm) & (Spiders), Myiapoda (Centipedes sea cucumber
Ancylostoma Cephalopoda (Squid
Euplectella fluke Hirudinea(Leech) & cuttlefish) & millipedes)
Edible, Shells in tar
Washing and Earthworm as farmer Harmful(Mosquito, Flies, Tse tse Highest power of
Endoparasites and and buttons, Pearl
bathing, Endoparasites of friend & medicinal fly, locusts) regeneration and
Importance Coral formation have more than one formation &
Absorption of human leech (Hirudo Useful(Honey bee, silkworm, evolutionary link to
host Injurious to garden
sound and fluids medicinalis) butterflies and scavenger insects) chrordates
and ships
 Kingdom Animalia(Chordata)
Character Pisces Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia
Aanamniotes, cold Amniotes and cold Lack bladder in excretory system Highest brain capacities
Cyclostomata Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes
blooded blooded
Stream lined Variable with or Streamlined Stream lind, with four divisions head, With hairs and mammary glands
Body Long and eel like Fusiform body
body without tail neck, trunk and tail
No swim bladder Tetrapod limbs or Better developed Flight and walking Limbs
No paired Fins and swim
Movement enlarges pectoral legless (Caecelians), limbs for efficient
appendages bladder
fins webbed feet locomotion
J shaped stomach, Complete digestive No teeth but have gizzard for crushing Complete and specialized, two sets of
Lacks stomach Terminal mouth,
Ventral mouth & system food teeth
Digestion Ventral sectorial teeth may be Tube like and complete
olfactory sacs not
mouth found
connected
4-5 pairs of gills, Gills in larva & lungs Lungs Syrinx for voice, Lungs, extended to form Lungs & larynx at the top of taraches
Respiration 6-14 pairs of gills 5-7 pairs of gills operculum in adults, air sacs, have parabrpnchi and one way air
present metamorphosis flow
Single circuit & Single circuit & Single circuit Three chambered heart Four chambered Four chambered heart and double circuit Four chambered heart and left aortic arch,
Circulation Heart with one Multiple aortic with one auricle and double circuit heart circulation, right aortic arch Non nucleated RBCs
auricle arches and one atrium circulation
Bony skeleton, smooth Bony endo, Dry Epidermal exoskeleton, feathers, scales on Bony Endoskeleton & two body cavities
Bony, Cycloid,
Cartilaginous and Cartilaginous and skin with glands and scaly skin legs, hollow bones, large skull sockets, due to diaphragm, inner ear ossicles
Skeleton Ganoid or ctenoid
scales absent Placoid scales chromatophores, scales jaws extend to form a beak
scales
absent
Copulatory organ Separate sexes, internal usually without Separate sexes, Viviparous, internal
Sexual, separate
Sexual & separate Separate sexes for internal copulatory organ, only one ovary and fertilization
sexes lampreys, Separate sexes,
Reprodution sexes, oviparous external fertiliazation, oviduct is functional
hag fishes are external fertilization
or viviparous fertilization oviparous, large
hermaphrodite
yolky eggs
Lizard, snake, Ostrich, Kiwi, Robin, Kestel, kingfisher , 1. Prototheria or egg laying ( Duck bill
Hag fish and Skate, Rays and Perch, trout,
Examples Frog, toad , salamander sphenodon, sparrow, Mallard and platypus)
lamprey Sharks Palaice
crocodiles 2. Metatheria or pouched (kangroo,
Important in food Adapted to land Food chain, evolved from archaeopteryx opossum and tasmanian wolf),
Predator, Food, chain, 3. Eutheria (placental mammals, human,
Primitive Food chain,
Importance source of vit A Biodiversity, whale, elephant , horse, rat, mice , bat &
chordates biodiversity
and D by liver oil Developed into dolphin)
dipnoi