MATHEMATICS

Fourth Quarter
Module1a:Measures of Position
for Ungrouped Data
(Quartile, Decile, and Percentile)

1
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 MATHEMATICS
Fourth Quarter
Module1a:Measures of Position
for Ungrouped Data.
(Quartile,Decile and Percentile)

3
 INTRODUCTION

This module is written in support of the K to 12 Basic Education Program to

ensure attainment of standards expected of you as a learner.

This aims to equip you with essential knowledge on measures of position

quartiles, deciles, and percentiles for ungrouped data

This includes the following activities/tasks:

■ Expected Learning Outcome — This lays out the learning outcome that you are
expected to have accomplished at the end of the module.

■ Pre-test — This determines your prior learning on the particular lesson you are about
to take.

■ Discussion of the Lesson —This provides you with the important knowledge,
principles and attitude that will help you meet the expected learning outcome.

■ Learning Activities — These provide you with the application of the

knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and enable you
to further enhance your skills as you carry out prescribed tasks.

■ Post-test/Assessment — This evaluates your overall understanding about the

module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find this
material engaging and challenging as it develops your critical thinking
skills.

4
 What I Need to Know
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
 illustrate the measures of position: quartiles, deciles and percentiles for
ungrouped data.( M10SP – IVa – 1)
 calculate a specified measures of position.(e.g. 90th percentile) of a set of data.
( M10SP –IVb – 1)
 interpret measures of position.( M10SP – IVc – 1)

What I Know

Directions: Find out how much you already know about this module. After
taking and checking this short test, take note of the items that
you were not able to answer correctly and look for the right
answer as you go through this module.

1. Which of the following is the median score ?

A. 75th percentile C. 3rd decile
th
B. 5 decile D. 1st quartile

2. When a distribution is divided into hundred equal parts, what do you call the
score point that describes the distribution?
A. percentile C. quartile
B. decile D. median

3. Which of the following is equivalent to the lower quartile?

A. 50th percentile C. 2nd decile
th
B. 25 percentile D. 3rd quartile

4. Rochelle got a score of 55 which is equivalent to 70 th percentile in a

mathematics test. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. She scored above 70% of her classmates.
B. Thirty percent of the class got scores of 55 and above.
C. If the passing mark is the first quartile, she passed the test.
D. Her score is below the 5th decile.
5. In the set of scores: 14,17,10,22,19,24,8,12, and 19, what is the second
quartile?
A. 17 C. 15
B. 16 D. 13

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6. In a 70-item test, Melody got a score of 50 which is the third quartile.
This means that:
A. she got the highest score
B. her score is higher than 25% of her classmates.
C. she surpassed 75% of her classmates.
D. seventy-five percent of the class did not pass the test.
7. Angie ranks 10th in a class of 40. What is her percentile rank?
A. 10
B. 25
C. 75
D. 90
8. Mel’s score in a 75-item test was the median score. What is his percentile
rank?
A. 25th
B. 35th
C. 50th
D. 75th

9. In a group of 55 examinees taking the 50- item test, Rachel obtained a

score of 38. What does it imply?
A. below the 50th percentile C. the 55th percentile
B. at the upper quartile D. below the 3rd decile
For items 10-12, consider the score distribution of 15 students given below:

83 72 87 79 82

77 80 73 86 81

79 82 79 74 74

10. What is the lower quartile of the given distribution?

A. 68 C. 74
B. 70 D. 79

11. What is the 50th percentile?

A. 68 C. 74
B. 70 D. 79

12. How can you interpret the second quartile of the given distribution of
15 students?
A. seven students scored higher than 79.
B. seven students scored lower than 79.
C. seven students scored lower than or equal to 79 and seven students
scored higher than 79.
D. Fourteen students scored lower than 79.

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 What`s In

Let us start our study of this module by first reviewing the concept of
Median which is one of the concepts needed in the study of this module.

Find Your Center

x+y
The midpoint between two numbers x and y on the real number line is .
2
A B C
• • •
x+y
X y
2
Figure 1

1.Find the coordinate of the midpoint (Q 1) of ̅̅̅̅

AB in terms of x and y.
A Q1 B
• • •
x+y
X
2
̅̅̅̅ in terms of x and y.
2.Find the coordinates of the midpoint (Q2) of BC
B Q2 C
• • •
x+y
y
2
3. In the given example, ̅̅̅̅
AC represents a distribution. What does point B represent
in the distribution?

The median divides the distribution into two equal parts. It is a point in the
distribution where one-half of the distribution lies below it and one-half above it. From
figure 1, one-half of the distribution lies below point B and one-half lies above it. Hence,
B represents the median.

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 What`s New
Try to reflect your previous math class standing. Which group
do you belong?
1.Upper half of the class?
2. Lower half of the class?
3. Upper 10% of the class?
4. Lower 10% of the class?

Guide questions:
1.How did you determine your class standing in math?
2.How did you know that you belong to that particular group?
3.Does your math class standing motivate you to strive harder in getting good
grades?

What Is It

Measures of position are techniques that divide a set of data into equal parts. It
deals with large amount of data which includes the timely results for standardized tests
in schools, tries to discover the smallest as well as the largest values in given
distribution, and examines financial fields for academic as well as statistical studies.

The different measures of position are Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles. To

determine the measures of position, the data must be arranged from lowest to highest.
♠ Quartiles divide the set of data into four parts.
♠ Deciles are values that divide a set of observations into 10 equal parts.
♠ The percentiles are values that divide a set of observations into
100 equal parts.

There are two groups of data, Ungrouped and Grouped data.

1. Ungrouped data are raw data that is not sorted into categories group or classes.
2. Grouped data are data that has been organized into groups from the raw data
usually presented in a tabular form.

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The Quartiles for Ungrouped Data
The quartile are the score–points which divide a distribution into four equal
parts. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the distribution are below the first quartile, fifty
percent (50%) are below the second quartile, and seventy–five percent (75%) are
below the third quartile. Q1 is called the lower quartile and Q3 is the upper quartile.
Q1 < Q2 < Q3 , where Q2 is the median. The difference between Q3 and Q1 is the
interquartile range.

Since the second quartile is equal to the median, the steps in finding the median
are the same as the steps in finding Q1 and Q3.

Q1 Q2 Q3
a. 25% of the data has a value ≤ Q1
b. 50% of the data has a value ≤ Md or Q2
c. 75% of the data has a value ≤ Q3

Example 1: In the set of data scores 14, 14, 10, 22, 19, 24, 8, 12, 19, 20, 24, 26, 27,
29,30, 32, 35, find for Q1, Q2, and Q3. Interpret the results.(Note there
are 17 numbers in the set of data).
Solution: Arrange the data from the lowest to the highest.

• The ascending order of the data is 8,10,12,14,14,19,19, 20, 22, 24, 24, 26,
27, 29, 30, 32, 35.
• The least value in the data is 8 and the greatest value in the data is 35.
• The middle value or Q2 in the data is 22.

Interpretation: Therefore 50% of the number of data set is below or equal to 22

while the remaining 50% is above 22.

• The lower quartile is the value that is between the middle value and the least value
in the set of data.
• So, the lower quartile or Q1 is 14.

Interpretation: Therefore 25% of the number of data set is below or equal to 14

while the remaining 75% is above 14.

•The upper quartile is the value that is between the middle value and the greatest
value in the data set.
•So, the upper quartile or Q3 is 29.

Interpretation: Therefore, 75% of the data set which is 13 (17 × 75%) = (17 × .75) =
12.75 ≈ 13 is below or equal to 29 while 25 % of the data set is above 29.

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Example 2:
The owner of a coffee shop recorded the number of customers who came into
his café each hour in a day. The results were 14, 10, 12, 9, 17, 5, 8, 9, 14, 10, and
11. Find the lower quartile and upper quartile of the data. Then, interpet the result.
Solution:
• The ascending order of the data is 5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17
• The least value in the data is 5 and the greatest value in the data is 17.
• The middle value or Q2 in the data is 10.
• The lower quartile is the value that is between the middle value and the least value
in the set of data.
• So, the lower quartile or Q1 is 9.
•The upper quartile is the value that is between the middle value and the greatest
value in the data set.•
So, the upper quartile or Q3 is 14.

Interpretation for Q1: Therefore, 25% of the data set is below or equal to 9 while
75% of the data ia above 9.

Interpretation for Q2: Therefore, 50% of the data set is below or equal to 10 while
50% of the data ia above 10.

Interpretation for Q3: Therefore, 75% of the data set is below or equal to 14 while
25% of the data is above 14.

Example 3:
The lower quartile of a data set is the 8th data value. How many data values are
there in the data set?

Solution:
• The lower quartile is the median value of the lower half of the data set.
• So, there are 7 data values before and after lower quartile.
• So, the number data of values in the lower half is equal to 7 + 7 + 1.
• The number of values in the data set is equal to lower half + upper half + 1.
• The number of values in the lower and upper halves are equal.
Formula: 15 + 15 + 1 = 31.
• So, the data set contains 31 data values.

Since the problem talks about lower quartile

Another solution:
1
Q1 = (n + 1) = 8
4
n + 1 = 32
n = 31

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Mendenhall and Sincich Method

Using Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences, define a different method of
finding quartile values. To apply their method on a data set with n elements, first
calculate:
1
Lower Quartile (L) = Positio of Q1 = 4 (n + 1) and round to the nearest integer. If L
falls halfway between two integers, round up. The L th element is the lower quartile
value (Q1).

Next calculate:
3
Upper Quartile (U) = Positio of Q3 = 4 (n + 1) and round to the nearest integer. If U
falls halfway between two integers, round down. The Uth element is the upper quartile
value (Q3).

The upper quartile (Q3) and the lower quartile (Q1) values are always two of
the data elements since the second quartile (Q 2) is equal to the median.
1
♠ Lower quartile (L) = Position of Q1 = 4 (𝑛 + 1)
1
♠ Middle quartile (M) = Position of Q2 = 2 (𝑛 + 1)
3
♠ Upper quartile (U) = Position of Q3 = (𝑛 + 1)
4

Example 4: Given the following set of data: 1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31 and n = 9.
Find Q1 , and Q3.
Solution:
1
To findQ1 , locate its position using the formula (n + 1) and round off to the
4
nearest integer. (Note: Always arrange the data from lowest to highest).

1
Position of Q1 = 4 (n + 1)
1
= 4 (9 + 1)
1
= 4 (10)
Q1 = 2.5
The computed value of 2.5 becomes 3 after rounding up. The lower quartile
value (Q1) is the 3rd data element , so Q1 = 7. Meaning, 25% of the set of data are
less than or equal to 7 while 75% of the data are greater than 3.

3
Position of Upper Quartile : Q 3 = 4 (n + 1)
3
=4 (9 + 1)
3
= 4 (10)
= 7.5

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 The computed value 7.5 becomes 7 after rounding down. The upper quartile
value (Q3) is the 7th data element, so Q3 = 27. To interpret, 70 % of the data set are
less than or equal to 7 while 30% of the data are greater than 7.

Using this method, the upper quartile (Q3) and lower quartile (Q1) values are
always two of the data elements.

Linear Interpolation
Interpolation is an estimation of a value within two known values in a sequence
of values. Using interpolation method sometimes (but not always) produces the same
results.

Example 6:
Find the first quartile (Q1) and the third quartile (Q3), given the scores of 10
students in their Mathematics activity using Linear Interpolation.

1 27 16 7 31 7 30 3 21

Solution:
To find Q1,

a. First, arrange the scores in ascending order.

1 3 7 7 16 21 27 30 31

b. Second, locate the position of the score in the distribution.

1
Position of Q1 = (n + 1)4
1
= 4 (9 + 1)
1
= 4 (10)
= 2.5
Since the result is a decimal number, interpolation is needed.

c. Third, interpolate the value to obtain the 1st quartile.

Steps of Interpolation

Step 1: Subtract the 2nd data from the 3rd data.

7–3=4
Step 2: Multiply the result by the decimal part obtained in the second step
(Position of Q1).
4(0.5) = 2
Step 3: Add the result in step 2, to the 2 nd or smaller number.
3+2=5

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 Therefore, the value of Q1 = 5. To interpret, 25% of the set of data are less
than or equal to 5 while 75% of the data are greater than 5.

To find Q3,

a. First, arrange the scores in ascending order.

1 3 7 7 16 21 27 30 31
b. Second, locate the position of the score in the distribution.
3
Position of Upper Quartile : Q3 = (n + 1)
4
3
= 4 (9 + 1)
3
= 4 (10)
= 7.5
Since the result is a decimal number, interpolation is needed.

c. Third, interpolate the value to obtain the 3 rd quartile.

Steps of Interpolation.
Step 1: Subtract the 7th data from the 8th data.
30 – 27 = 3

Step 2: Multiply the result by the decimal part obtained in the third step
(Position of Q3).
3 (0.5) = 1.5

Step 3: Add the result in step 2, (1.5), to the 7th or smaller number.
27 + 1.5 = 28.5

Therefore, the value of Q3 =28.5. To interpret, 70 % of the data set are

less than or equal to 28.5 while 30% of the data are greater than 28.5.

Note: As we can see, these methods sometimes (but not always) produce the same
results.

The Deciles for Ungrouped Data.

The deciles are the nine score points which divide a distribution into ten equal
parts. Deciles are denoted as D1, D2, D3,…,D9. They are computed in the same way
that the quartiles are calculated.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9
To find deciles value on a data with n elements, use the following formulas.

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 1
Position of D1 = (n+1)
10

2
Position of D2 = (n+1)
10

3
Position of D3 = (n+1)
10
4
Position of D4 = (n+1) and so on.
10

Example 1.

Find the 3rd decile or D3 of the following test scores of a random sample of ten
students: 35 , 42, 40, 28, 15, 23, 33, 20, 18 and 28.

Solution:
First, arrange the scores in ascending order.
15, 18, 20, 23, 28, 28, 33, 35, 40, 42.

3
Formula: Position of D3 = 10 (n + 1)
3
= 10 (10 + 1)
3
= 10 (11)
33
= 10
= 3.3 ≈ 3

D3 is the 3rd element. Therefore, D3 = 20 . Meaning, 30 % of the scores of

10 students are less than or equal to 3 while 70% of the scores are greater than 3.

Thus, 15 18 20 23 28 28 33 35 40 42
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th

Example 2.

Using the data above, find the 7th decile or D7 ?

7
Formula: Position of D7 = 10 (n + 1)
7
= 10 (10 + 1)
7
= 10 (11)
77
= 10
= 7.7 ≈ 7

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 D7 is the 7th element. Therefore, D7 = 33. To interpret, 70 % of the scores
of 10 students are less than or equal to 7 while 30% of the scores are greater than 7.

The Percentiles of Ungrouped Data

The percentiles are the ninety-nine score-points which divide a distribution into
one hundred equal parts, so that each part represents the data set. It is used to
characterize values according to the percentage below them. For example, the first
percentile (P1) separates the lowest 1% from the other 99%, the second percentile
(P2) separates the lowest 2% from the other 98%, and so on.

Q1 Q2 Q3
P25 P50 P75

P10 P20 P30 P40 P50 P60 P70 P80 P90

D10 D20 D30 D40 D50 D60 D70 D80 D90

The 1st decile is the 10th percentile (P10). It means 10% of the data is less than
or equal to the value of P10 or D1, and so on.

Example 1:

Find the 30th percentile or P30 of the following test scores of a random sample of
ten students: 35 , 42 , 40 , 28 , 15 , 23 , 33 , 20 , 18, 28.

Solution: Arrange the scores from lowest to highest.

15 18 20 23 28 28 33 35 40 42

Steps To find percentile values on a data with n elements:

k(n+1)
Find its P30 position using the formula and round off to the nearest integer.
100
30(n+1)
Position of P30 = where, k = percentile
100
n = number of item
30(11) 330
= = = 3.3 ≈ 3
100 100

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 P30 is the 3rd element. Therefore, P30 = 20. Therefore, the value of the 30th
percentile or P30 is 20. D3 is also the P30. Meaning, 30 % of the scores of 10 students
are less than or equal to 20 while the remaining 30% of the scores are greater than
20.

What`s More

Directions: Answer the questions below. Do it in your notebook

Activity

Given the scores of 10 students in their Mathematics activity,

4 9 7 14 10 8 12 15 6 11
find for the following:
1. Q1 4. D3
2. Q3 5. D50
3. P60 6. P80

Use interpolation for Q1 and Q3 only. Interpret the results.

What I Have Learned

I learned that:
 there are three measures of position for ungrouped data namely Quartiles,
Deciles, and Percentiles.
Quartiles - are the score–points which divide a distribution into four equal
parts.
Deciles - are values that divide a set of ordered observations into 10 equal
equal parts.
Percentiles - are values that divide a set of ordered observations into
100 equal parts.
 Interpolation is an estimation of a value within two known values in a
sequence of values.

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Answer each question/ situation correctly. Do it in your

notebook.

1. Aqua Running has been promoted as a method for cardiovascular conditioning for
the injured athlete as well as for others who desire a low impact aerobic workout. A
study reported in the Journal of Sports Medicine investigated the relationship between
exercise cadence and heart rate by measuring the heart rates of 20 healthy volunteers
at a cadence of 48 cycles per minute ( a cycle consisted of two steps).

The data are listed here:

87 109 79 80 96 95 90 92 96 98

101 91 78 112 94 98 94 107 81 96

Find the lower and upper quartiles of the data, D4, and P70 and interpret the result.

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your assessment
notebook.

1. What is used for quantitative data that falls on some numerical scale?
A. Meaures of central tendency C. Measures of position
B. Measures of dispersion D. Measures of variance

2. Which is equivalent to the middle quartile?

A. Decile C. Percentile
B. Median D. Quartile

3. What value divides a set of data into 10 equal parts?

A. Decile C. Quartile
B. Percentile D. Variance

4. What value divides a set of ordered observations into 100 equal parts?
A. Decile C. Quartile
B. Percentile D. Variance

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5. What is the estimation of a value within two known values in a sequence of values?
A. Decile C. Interpolation
B. Dispersion D. Median

6. What is the arrangement in the data scores?

A. highest to lowest order C. only letter A
B. lowest to highest order D. none of the options

For items 7-9, consider the score distribution of 15 students given below:

83 72 87 79 82

77 80 73 86 81

79 82 79 74 74

7. What is the 75th percentile of the given distribution?

A. 68 C. 74
B. 70 D. 79

8. What is the 5th decile?

A. 65 C. 75
B. 70 D. 79

9. How can you interpret the 50th percentile of the given distribution of 15 students?

A. Fourteen students scored lower than 79.

B. Seven students scored higher than 79.
C. Seven students scored lower than 79.
D. Seven students scored lower than 79 and seven students scored higher
than 79.

10. Find the 3rd decile or D3 of the following test scores of a random sample of ten
students: 35, 42, 40, 28, 15, 23, 33, 20, 18, and 28.
A. therefore D3 is 20.
B. therefore D3 is 30
C. therefore D3 is 40.
D. therefore D3 is 50.

11. Find the 70th percentile or P70 of the following test scores of a random sample of
ten students: 35, 42, 40, 28, 15, 23, 33, 20, 18, 28.
A. therefore P70 is 10.
B. therefore P70 is 20.
C. therefore P70 is 33.
D. therefore P70 is 42.

18
12. Find the first quartile in the given the scores of 9 students in their Mathematics
activity using Linear Interpolation. (7, 27, 16, 9, 31, 11, 30, 15, 21)

A. therefore, the value of Q1 is 9.

B. therefore, the value of Q1 is 11.
C. therefore, the value of Q1 is 15.
D. therefore, the value of Q1 is 27.

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 Answer Key
What I Know
Part I
1.B 4.D 7.C 10.C
2.A 5.A 8.C 11.D
3.B 6.C 9.B 12.C

What I Can Do
1. The lower quartile is 87.75
The upper quartile is 98.
D4 = 92
P70 = 96

Interpretation:
Lower quartile: 25 % of the 20 volunteers (5 volunteers) have a heart rate that are
less than or equal to 87.75 while 75% of the volunteers have a heart
rate of greater than 87.75.
Upper quartile: 75 % of the 20 volunteers (15 volunteers) have a heart rate that are
less than or equal to 98 while 25% of the volunteers have a heart
rate of greater than 98.
Decile 4: 40 % of the 20 volunteers (8 volunteers) have a heart rate that are
less than or equal to 92 while the remaining 60% of the volunteers have a
heart rate of greater than 92.

Percentile 70: 70% of the 20 volunteers (14 volunteers) have a heart rate that are
less than or equal to 96 while 30% of the volunteers have a heart
rate of greater than 96.

20
References:
Mendenhall, W., Beaver, R., Beaver, B. (2006). Probability and Statistics. Thomson
Learning Asia.

21st Century Math (2005).

Website Links:

https://images.app.goo.gl/MrsZHRe7oLPeCS556

https://images.app.goo.gl/2WjrLrMwMjcKYqTW8

https://www.statisticsshowto.com

https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/quartile.html

https://images.app.goo.gl/XeQeRNeY1e4tNgff6

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