4/2/24, 2:10 PM Wireless Body Area Network - GeeksforGeeks

Wireless Body Area Network

In today’s world, wireless communication has a major application in sharing of information
anywhere and at anytime. We can use wireless networks in the form of WLAN or Wi-Fi in
various fields such as education, healthcare, and industrial sector. As the technology is
growing, the demands of users as well as the demand of ubiquitous networking is increasing.
WBAN( Wireless Body Area Network) allows the user to move another without having the
restriction of a cable for sharing information.

The term ‘Wireless Body Area Network’ was coined in 2001 by Van Dam. It basically is a
network containing sensor nodes that are attached to the human body, used to measure the
bio signals(heart rate, blood pressure, brain signals, etc.) of humans. It has majority of
applications in medical sector.

The communication in body sensor networks is of 2 types:

In-body communicat ion

On-body communicat ion

In-body communication is the communication between sensor nodes that are implanted
inside human body. The MICS ( Medical Implant Communication System) communication can
be used only for in-body communication. On-body communication occurs between wearable
devices which consist of sensor nodes. The ISM ( Industrial Scientific and Medical) band and
UWB (Ultra-wideband) communication can be used only for on-body communication.

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WBAN requirements:

Low power consumption

Interoperability
Self-healing
Security
Low latency
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WBAN architecture:
The network architecture is divided into 4 sections-

1. WBAN Par t –
It contains several number of cheap and low-power sensor nodes, which can be used for
continuous monitoring of heart rate, ECG, blood pressure, etc. of a person. Being wireless
in nature, this does not restrict the mobility of the person for continuous evaluation. Hence,
WBAN is used in healthcare systems for patients monitoring.

2. CCU (Central Control Unit ) –

All sensor nodes provide their outputs to a central coordination node present in the CCU.
CCU receives the signals from nodes and transmits it to the next section for monitoring the
human body.

3. WBAN communicat ion –

Receives information from CCU and acts as gateway to transfer information to the
destination. For ex. mobile node is a gateway to remote station to send message to cellular
network using GSM/3G/4G.

4. Control center –
It is responsible for storing the information of user which can be used in the future or for
monitoring purpose. It consists of end node devices like mobile phones(for messaging),
computer systems (for monitoring), and server(for storing information in database).

WBAN applicat ions:

These are various applications:

1. Medical Applicat ions:

Remote healt hcare monitoring – Sensors are put on patient’s body to monitor heart rate,
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Telemedicine – Provides healthcare services over a long distance with the help of IT and
communication.

2. Non-medical Applicat ions:

Spor ts – Sensors can be used to measure navigation, timer, distance, pulse rate, and body
temperature.
Militar y – Can be used for communication between soldiers and sending information
about attacking, retreating or running to their base commander.
Lifestyle and enter tainment – Wireless music player and making video calls.

WBAN is legal, affordable, and user-friendly. It is an emerging technology and is expected to

have a big impact on the society.

Advantages of WBAN:

1.Improved medical care: WBAN can further develop medical services by observing patients
progressively, recognizing anomalies, and cautioning clinical experts of potential wellbeing
gambles.

2.Increased por tability: WBAN permits patients to move around uninhibitedly, without being
fastened to a clinical gadget, consequently working on their personal satisfaction.

3.Enhanced pat ient solace: WBAN gadgets are normally little, lightweight, and
unpretentious, making them more agreeable to wear for broadened timeframes.

4.Cost-successful: WBAN gadgets are moderately cheap contrasted with customary clinical
gadgets, which can decrease medical care costs.

5.Personalized considerat ion: WBAN gadgets can be altered to suit every patient’s singular
necessities and conditions, giving customized care.

Disadvantages of WBAN:

1.Security and protect ion concerns: Remote correspondence can be caught, raising worries
about the security and security of touchy clinical information.

2.Inter ference: WBAN gadgets can be impacted by obstruction from other remote gadgets,
which can prompt information misfortune or sign contortion.

3.Limited territor y: WBAN gadgets have restricted range, and their signs will most likely be
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4.Batter y life: WBAN gadgets depend on batteries, which might should be supplanted or re-
energized oftentimes, contingent upon use.

5.Standardizat ion: Absence of normalization of WBAN gadgets can make similarity issues
among gadgets and breaking point their interoperability.

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