Scribd
Upload
31 views37 pages

11.image Processing in Agriculture

The document discusses image processing in agriculture. It covers topics like digital image processing basics, image formats, image enhancement techniques like histogram equalization, and applications of image processing in agriculture like disease identification and crop monitoring.

Uploaded by

ragjni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views37 pages

11.image Processing in Agriculture

The document discusses image processing in agriculture. It covers topics like digital image processing basics, image formats, image enhancement techniques like histogram equalization, and applications of image processing in agriculture like disease identification and crop monitoring.

Uploaded by

ragjni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

IMAGE PROCESSING IN

AGRICULTURE
Dr.K.Vasanth
Associate Professor
Department of Electronics and Communication
Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology
Hyderabad – 75, Telangana
What Do we Learn in This Course

• Basics of Digital Image Processing


• Concepts of Digital Image processing
• Analysis of digital Images
• Image Enhancement
• Image segmentation
• Image Processing in Agriculture
IMAGING

• Imaging is the
representation or
reproduction of an
object's form;
especially a visual
representation (
Formation of images)
TYPES OF IMAGES
IMAGE FORMATS

• How Data related to


JPG
image is Stored inside
a Digital Computer.
RAW
GIF
IMAGE
Formats
• The data can be stored
in compressed,
Uncompressed and TIFF PNG
Vector Format.
What is an Image?

• Image as being a two


dimensional function,
where the function
values give the
brightness of the
image at any given
point
Digital Image

• A digital image can be


considered as a large array
of discrete dots, each of
which has a brightness
associated with it.
• Image stored in a Digital
Computer
• For an 8 bit image the
image take values between
0(Black) and 255(White)
About Images

Pixel intensity Consider the following


value
f(1,1) = 103
image (2724x2336
pixels) to be 2D
Pixel
function or a matrix
location with rows and columns

In 8-bit representation
rows column Pixel intensity values
s change between 0
f(645:650,1323:1328 (Black) and 255 (White)
)=
83 82 82 82 82 82
82 82 82 81 81 81
82 82 81 81 80 80
82 82 81 80 80 79
80 79 78 77 77 77
80 79 78 78 77 77 f(2724,2336) = 88
IMAGE PROCESSING

• Image processing involves changing the nature


of an image in order to either
1. improve its pictorial information for
human interpretation
2. render it more suitable for autonomous
machine perception
Why do we need to Process the Image?
Key Stages of Digital image Processing
Applications of Digital Image Processing

Medicine

Agriculture

Industry

Law Enforcement etc.,


Digital Image Types

Binary Images RGB Images

Indexed Images
Grayscale Images
Image - Information

Low frequency
component

High frequency
Component
(Information)
Drawbacks of Image Acquisition

• Plagues in image acquisition


– Noise interference
– Blur (motion, out-of-focus, hazy weather)
– Poor Contrast image
– Poor Brightness Image
Image Preprocessing

Enhancement Restoration

• Inverse filtering
Spatial Domain • Wiener filtering
Spectral Domain

Filtering
Point Processing Spatial filtering
Image Enhancement

• The principal objective


of image enhancement
is to modify attributes
of an image to make it
more suitable for a
given task and a
specific observer.
• Brightness is a visual perception in which a source appears to be reflecting light.
• Contrast is a color which makes an object distinguishable.
IMAGE HISTOGRAM

• An image histogram is a plot of the gray-level


frequencies (i.e., the number of pixels in the
image that have that gray level).
IMAGE HISTOGRAM

• Divide frequencies by total number of pixels to


represent as probabilities.
pk = nk / N
IMAGE HISTOGRAM
HISTOGRAM EQUILIZATION

• The main idea is to redistribute the gray-level


values uniformly using Histogram
Equalization.
HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION

Consider an Example
Basic idea: find a map f(x)
such that the histogram
of the modified (equalized)
image is flat (uniform).
Key motivation:
cumulative probability
function (cdf) of a random
variable approximates a
uniform distribution
IMAGE PROCESSING USING MATLAB 22
Image Segmentation

• Segmentation is to subdivide Segmentation based on 2 basis


an image into its component properties of intensity values
regions or objects.
Discontinuity : to partition an
• Segmentation should stop image based on sharp changes
when the objects of interest in intensity (such as edges).
in an application have been
isolated. Similarity : to partition an
image into regions that are
similar according to a set
of predefined criteria.
Detection of Discontinuities

• Detect the three basic types


of gray-level discontinuities
– points , lines , edges
• Common way is to run a
mask through the image
Gradient Masks

• Gradients are used to


Detect the
discontinuities
SEGMENTED IMAGE
Image processing to computer vision

The continuum from image processing to computer vision can be


broken up into low-, mid- and high-level processes

Low Level Process Mid Level Process High Level Process


Input: Image Input: Attributes
Input: Image
Output: Image Output: Understanding
Output: Attributes

Examples: Noise Examples: Scene


Examples: Object
removal, image understanding,
recognition,
sharpening autonomous navigation
segmentation
IN AGRICULTURE

• Disease Identification
• Monitoring the Yield of the Crop from remote
Environment
• Pest control
• Livestock detection
• Grading of fruits and vegetables
• Plant Identification etc.,
References

• Digital Image Processing


by Rafael C. Gonzalez
• Algorithms for Image Processing and
Computer Vision
• The Image Processing Handbook
• Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing: A
Practical Approach with Examples in Matlab
• Wikipedia
THANK YOU
MATRIX LABORATORY

MATLAB
ABOUT MATLAB

• MATLAB is a data analysis and visualization


tool which has been designed with powerful
support for matrices and matrix operations
has excellent graphics capabilities, and own
powerful programming language.
• Consist of many tool boxes with numerous
inbuilt functions
• (Eg.) tool Boxes – Image Processing
Signal Processing
MATLAB FUNCTIONS FOR IMAGE
PROCESSING
READ AN IMAGE
SYNTAX:
Variable= imread(‘Image.Extension’) SIZE OF AN IMAGE
Example:
Syntax
c=imread('cameraman.tif');
[row col] = size(variable where image is stored)
DISPLAY AN IMAGE Example
SYNTAX [row col] = size(c)
Figure (number)
imshow(variable where the image is stored)
Example
Figure(1)
imshow(c);
DATA TYPES IN MATLAB
DISPLAYING AN IMAGE

• Imshow(a) • Double
– Displays the image • changes the data type but does not
change the numeric values
• Imshow(a/255)
– Darkens the image ( all the matrix
values between 0 and 0.5) • Im2double
• changes both the numeric data type and
• Imshow(a/128) the values
– Lighten the image ( all the matrix • If image itself is double then im2double
values between 0 and 2) does not have any effect
Image Enhancement –Histogram
equalization
• hist(image_variable) • bar(xaxis, yaxis)
– To find the histogram of an image – To plot output Using bargraph
- The Image variable should be in
single column
Cumsum(image_variable)
Find the cumulative sum of the
image variables
./ Division operator for array
Image Segmentation

C = conv2(A,B) computes the two-dimensional convolution of matrices A and B.

You might also like