Cambridge IGCSE™

COMPUTER SCIENCE 0478/12

Paper 1 Theory October/November 2022
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 75

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2022 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level
components.

This document consists of 13 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

Please note the following further points:

The words in bold in the mark scheme are important text that needs to be present, or some notion of it needs to be present. It does not have to
be the exact word, but something close to the meaning.

If a word is underlined, this exact word must be present.

A single forward slash means this is an alternative word. A double forward slash means that this is an alternative mark point.

Ellipsis (…) on the end of one-mark point and the start of the next means that the candidate cannot get the second mark point without being
awarded the first one. If a mark point has an ellipsis at the beginning, but there is no ellipsis on the mark point before it, then this is just a follow-on
sentence and can be awarded without the previous mark point.

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Question Answer Marks

1(a) Any two from: 2

• Keyboard
• Trackpad
• Trackball
• Microphone
• Keypad
• Sensor
• Button
• Barcode/QR scanner/reader
• Webcam/digital camera

1(b) Any one from: 1

• Speaker
• Headphones

1(c)(i) Any four from: 4

• The screen is made up of (two) layers/multiple layers

• The user pushes the top layer into the bottom layer // The user pushes the layers together
• The layers create a circuit (when pushed together)
• causing electricity to flow
• allowing the co-ordinates/location of the users touch to be calculated

1(c)(ii) Any two from: 2

• Cheap to manufacture/buy
• Can still be used whilst wearing gloves
• Waterproof // Can be used in bad weather
• Does not easily shatter
• Low power consumption
• (Can) support multitouch

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Question Answer Marks

1(c)(iii) Any two from: 2

• Does not (normally) support multitouch

• Screen visibility can be poor in sunlight
• Longevity issues
• (Normally) lower resolution
• Not very sensitive to touch // Lower response time (than capacitive)
• Prone to scratches

1(c)(iv) Any one from: 1

• Capacitive
• Infrared

1(d) Any two from: 2

• Data and instructions are stored in the same memory

• and can only be fetched one at a time

1(e) Any three from: 3

• Multitasking
• Multiprogramming
• Input and output control
• Running software
• Memory management
• Processor management
• File management
• Handling interrupts
• Providing security
• Managing user accounts
• Batch / real-time processing

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Question Answer Marks

1(f)(i) • 000001100100 3
• 000011101011
• 000100101101

1(f)(ii) • 22 3
• 119
• 857

1(f)(iii) One mark for two correct characters in the correct place, two marks for three 4

• 095
• AD1

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Question Answer Marks

2(a) Six from: 6

• Motion/proximity/infra-red sensor is used

• Sensor sends data to microprocessor
• Data is converted from analogue to digital (using ADC)
• Data is compared to stored/set value(s)
• If data is inside range/outside range/greater than/less than, signal is sent to turn water tap on
• If data is outside range /inside range/less than/greater than, tap remains off / signal is sent to turn water tap off
• Actuator is used to turn the tap off/on
• Whole process is continuous

2(b) One mark for each correct sensor 3

Description of system Sensor

it checks the air is dry enough in a garage that spray paints Moisture/humidity
cars

it automatically switches on the headlights on a car when it is Light

dark

it checks that the soil in a greenhouse has the correct level of pH

acidity

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Question Answer Marks

3 One mark for each correct row 5

Component

Statement RAM Internal USB flash

(✓) SSD memory drive
(✓) (✓)

it is a type of primary storage ✓

it is volatile ✓

it uses NAND and NOR technology ✓ ✓

it does not have any moving parts ✓ ✓ ✓

it is not directly connected to the ✓ ✓

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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Question Answer Marks

4 One mark for the method, one mark for a corresponding description 4

• Create a back-up
• this means the data can be restored/recovered
• Add verification
• to get the user to confirm they want to delete the data
• Set access rights
• so that she cannot delete any files

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Question Answer Marks

5 One mark each for the correct byte and bit 4

• Byte 4
• Bit 5

Any two from:

• Counted all the 1s

• An even parity has been used
• Odd number of ones in that row (byte 4) and column (bit 5)

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Question Answer Marks

6(a) Any two from: 2

• Check if web address starts with HTTPS

• Check if there is a locked padlock
• Check the digital certificate for the website

6(b) • Transport layer security // TLS 1

6(c) Any four from: 4

• To act as intermediary between browser and web server

• to filter/examine/monitor traffic to the web server
• to help stop malicious traffic to the web server
• To cache frequently viewed web pages
• to allow faster response time for requests
• to reduce the number of requests the server needs to process
• To help prevent DoS
• stopping the webserver being overloaded with requests
• by redirecting away from server // by stopping DoS attack reaching server
• To act as a firewall

6(d)(i) • Spyware 1

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Question Answer Marks

6(d)(ii) One mark for a correct method, one mark for a corresponding description 6

• Drop down boxes

• this means that the keypresses cannot be recorded
• Onscreen/virtual keyboard
• this means that the keypresses cannot be recorded
• Biometrics // by example
• this means that the keypresses cannot be recorded
• no password entered to be gathered
• Anti-malware // anti-spyware
• this will scan for/remove any malware that could be recording keypresses
• Random/select values requested from password
• this means that full password cannot be obtained (in a single login)
• Firewall
• to prevent the download of any malware that could gather keypresses

6(e) One mark for each correct term in the correct order 6

• URL
• IP address
• Web server
• Web pages
• HTML
• Browser

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Question Answer Marks

7(a) One mark for each correct row 4

NAND OR XOR
Statement
(✓) (✓) (✓)

if both inputs are 1, the output is 1 ✓

if both inputs are different from each other, the output is 1 ✓ ✓ ✓

if both inputs are 0, the output is 0 ✓ ✓

if both inputs are the same as each other, the output is always 0 ✓

7(b) One mark for a correct logic gate, one mark for a corresponding truth table 2

• AND
A B Output

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

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