Ling Mid Term Revision

MID-TERM REVISION
1. Transcribe the following words phonemically then describe the sounds

represented by the highlighted letters
a. rouge
b. coutry
c. pitcher
d. canyon
e. alloy
f. labial
g. medal
h. pert
i. location
j. bathe
2. Identify the sounds described below by writing the symbol for each sound next
to the description. Then for each sound, give a word that contains the sound and
transcribe the word.
a. voiceless labiodental fricative
b. voiced bilabial stop
c. aveolar retroflex
d. low central to high front (lax) dipthong
e. hight front (lax) to high back (tense) diphthong
f. lower-mid central vowel upper-mid back vowel
g. high back lax vowel
h. voiced alveolopalatal affricative
i. voiceless velar stop
j. voiced aveolar nasal
d. voicedless velar stop
3. Find a minimal pair for each of the following pairs of sounds:
a. /b/ and /p/
b./k/ and/ /ɡ/
c. /v/ and /w/
d./s/ and /θ/
e. /ɪ/ and /iː/
f. /eɪ/ and /aʊ/
g. /ʧ/ and /ʤ/
h. /ɑː/ and /uː/
4. Analyse the follwing words morphemically. State what type of morpheme they
are.
a. teachers
b. underpaid
c. teeth
d. housekeeper
e. written
f. unbelievable
g. nonrenewable
5. Analyse the following words morphologically. State what type of morph they are.
a. inflectional
b. deactivate
c. actress
d. maladjusted
e. extracurriculum
f. himself
g. quiter
6. Write the one word for each structure then analyze the word into morphs.
a. FREE MORPH: content word + FREE MORPH: content word + BOUND MORPH:
plural inflectional
b. BOUND MORPH: prefix + FREE MORPH: content word + BOUND MORPH: participle
inflectional
c. BOUND MORPH: negative prefix + FREE MORPH: content word + BOUND MORPH:
plural inflectional
d. FREE MORPH: content word + BOUND MORPH: function word
e. BOUND MORPH: negative prefix + FREE MORPH: content word + BOUND MORPH:
noun derivational + BOUND MORPH: adjective derivational
f. FREE MORPH: content word + BOUND MORPH: comparison inflectional
7. State the word formation process of the following words.
a. wordhood
b. cuckoo
c. WHO
d. sonar
e. flu
f. to babysit
g. paratrooper
h. the fall
i. roly-poly
j. heroine
k. crest-fallen
8. Decide the following statements are T or F
1. The articulation of stops is instantaneous. 27
2. A glottal stop quite often precedes a final voiceless stop. 29
3. The voiced dental fricative is never found at the beginnings of nouns, adjectives
and verbs.
4. Derivation and compounding are responsible for significant numbers of new words
in English. 94
5. Grammatical morphemes constitute open categories, to which new members can
be added. 83
6. Zero morph is one which has no phonetic or overt realization.
7. A free morph is always a root.
8. English has three kinds of affixes: prefixes, suffixes and infixes.
9. An inflectional affix in English is always a prefix.
10. The articulation of stops can be maintained.
11. Commonization is a special kind of functional shift in which a proper noun is
converted into a common word.
12. A blend involves two processes of word formation.
13. Stress patterns in derivationally related words cannot distinguish parts of speech.
14. Vowels are produced with complete closure in the vocal tract.
15. Long falling pitch pattern signifies conclusion and affirmation.
16. A fall signals uncertainty while a rise signals certainty and finality.
17. In more colloquial style, there are greater number of tone groups than in more
formal or pompous style.
18. A yes/no question has a long rising intonation pattern.
19.Compounds are externally modified whereas phrases may be internally modified.
20. The only concrete change that may occur in a functional shift is a change in stress.
9. Fill in the blank with a suitable word/ phrase.

1. An _____ one of the ways in which a particular phoneme (= speech sound) can be
pronounced.
2. A _____ is a syllable where major change in pitch occurs.
3. _____ is defined as the prominence given to certain syllable in a word by the use of
greater breath force.
4. _____ may be defined as one or more speech sounds forming a word or part of a
word, containing one vowel sound, with or without a consonant or consonants, and
uttered at a single effort.
5.
14. “-fer” in transfer and refer is a kind of _____ morph called ______.
15. The _____ is the most important of the speech organs because it has the greatest
variety of movement.
16. The bound morphs in “I’ve” and “won’t” are called _____.
17. A _____ consonant is a consonant that is pronounced with the body of the
tongue against the hard palate.
18. /k/, /ɡ/ and /ŋ/ are _____ consonants.
19. /u/, /ɒ/, /ɑː/ are _____ vowels.
20. Lexical morphemes can be found in content words or _____.
21. The way in which the air stream is obstructed is called _____.
22. An _____ is a consonant sound that consists of a plosive and then a fricative
made in the same place in the mouth.
23. A/An _____ transcription is based on the principle "one symbol per phoneme".
24. The _____ is the thin opening at the upper part of the larynx, between the vocal
cords.
25. When a phoneme is realised differently as a result of being near some other
phonemes belonging to a neighboring word, we call this difference an instance of
_____.
26. When one of /p/, /t/, /k/ is preceded by /s/, it is _____.
27. Vowels are sounds articulated with no obstruction of the air stream, that is, with
open _____.
28. The _____ diphthongs have the characteristic that they all end with a glide
towards a closer vowel.
29. _____ is the general study of the characteristics of speech sounds.
30. _____ is a process in which the initial syllable or the entire word is doubled,
exactly or with a slight phonological change.
31. The nucleus and coda together form the _____.
32. A single or simple vowel sound constituting the nucleus of a syllable is a _____.
33. Vowels (monophthongs) in English can be classified according to three variables:
_____, part of the tongue which is raised and degree of _____.

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MID-TERM REVISION

1. Transcribe the following words phonemically then describe the sounds

9. Fill in the blank with a suitable word/ phrase.

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