RPH - Edmar V. Costinar, Museum Visit

National Museum of Anthropology, Manila
The Manunggul Jar

Description:
The Manunggul Jar is a secondary burial jar that was
discovered during the excavation of a Neolithic grave in the
Manunggul cave of the Tabon Caves at Lipuun Point in
Palawan, the Philippines. Its two prominent figures at the
top handle of its cover, which represent the soul's journey to
the afterlife, date from 890 to 710 B.C.[2]. Robert B. Fox
and Miguel Antonio discovered the Manunggul Jar in 1964,
In Chamber A of Manunggul Cave in southwest Palawan. It
was discovered next to a Tabon Man's remains.
Reflection:
The Manunggul Jar illustrates the significance of Filipino
maritime culture in maintaining the religious ideals of their
ancestors. Many epics from all over the Philippines describe
how souls sail on boats through rivers and seas to the next
life. It also symbolizes the belief in an afterlife held by the early Filipinos.
National Museum of Anthropology

Hawel (Aeta Pinatubo)
Tambat, Sawil (Aeta Bataan)
Description :
Using this, hunters can take down large birds, fish,
monitor lizards, and monkeys. It has a long,
typically made of moa (Miscanthus sinensis) shaft
with a detachable barked metal point. Once a
wound has been caused, it breaks, allowing the
shaft to drag and slow the prey. It performs
similar duties to the hubat.
Reflection :
Hunting was a necessity for early humans. The quarry supplied not only clothing and food in the form of
meat and skins, but also material for tools in the form of bones, horns, and hooves. This artifact is a
weapon from the past that was used to hunt prey, and it demonstrates how inventive our ancestors were
by making a weapon useful for daily life.
National Museum of the Philippines
The Tabon Man
Description:
The Tabon Man is the oldest confirmed modern
human to have been found in the Philippines.
His bones, which provide evidence of the
existence of Home sapiens between 37,000 and
47,000 years ago, were discovered in the Tabon
Caves in Quezon, Palawan Island in 1962. The
Tabon fragments are named after the Tabon
Caves, where they were found on the west coast
of Palawan.
Reflection:
The discovery of Tabon Man has been a subject of intense interest and debate among scholars and
scientists alike for many years. The importance of discovering Tabon Man lies in its significance as one
of the world's earliest human remains, which provides invaluable insight into the origins and evolution of
our species.Tabon Man, also known as Homo luzonensis, is a hominin species that is believed to have
lived in the Philippines around 67,000 years ago. The discovery of this species challenges our
understanding of human evolution, as it suggests that humans arose in more diverse and complex ways
than previously thought.
National Museum of Fine Arts
El asesinato del Gobernador Bustamante
(The Assassination of Governor Bustamante)
Description:
A violent historical incident that happened in Manila
during the time of Spanish colonization is depicted in
this painting. The Spanish friars were required to repay
the loans they had taken out from the government by
Fernando Bustamante, the Governor-General of the
Philippines whom the Spanish had appointed (1717–
1719). The murders of him and his son in 1719 were
carried out by a mob that the friars instigated out of
rage, demonstrating the influence the Catholic Church
at the time had over the government.
Reflection:
This historical incident demonstrates how conflicts
within the government have existed for some time and
how violent the friars could be in pointing their
weapons at the Governor-General and his son.
EDMAR V. COSTINAR BSME 1-A

Readings in Philippine History T- F-1:00-2:30
Shrine/ Museum Virtual or Online Visit

National Museum of
Anthropology
Satoran
Description:
The Maranao version of
chess is this wooden set
with handcrafted wooden, silver,
and coin pieces. It is known as
"Satoran." The sultan or datu
spends his free time in the
torogan playing satoran or chess with other family members. The pieces' original Malay names, such as
datu for king, menteri for bishop, and teer for tower, were preserved. The shapes were also inspired by
okir motifs, according to which the horse (kuda) resembles the head of a naga (Casino, 1981).
Reflection:
Historically, people have always loved playing board games, especially in their free time. I was simply
amazed at how this item and its important use were able to preserved. Additionally, this demonstrates
how critically thinker and resourceful most Filipinos are, as evidenced by the fact that there are still
people who enjoy playing these kinds of games in their free time.

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National Museum of Anthropology, Manila

The Manunggul Jar

National Museum of Anthropology

EDMAR V. COSTINAR BSME 1-A

Shrine/ Museum Virtual or Online Visit

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