Dr.

Radwan Elzoheiry
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Benha University
Benha Faculty of Engineering
2023-2024

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 I. Course syllabus
Week 01
a. Types of water services in buildings and facilities.
b. Codes and standards for water supply and drainage systems.
c. Systems and fixtures
d. Fixture traps

Week 02 Drainage systems

a. Flow in horizontal drainage piping
b. Soil and waste stacks
c. Drainage systems
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 I. Course syllabus
Week 03 Drainage systems
a. Drainage system sizing.
b. Project design using AutoCAD.

Week 04 Storm system

a. Storm water systems
b. Project design using AutoCAD

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 I. Course syllabus
Week 05 vent system
a. Vent systems.
b. Vent sizing
c. Project design using AutoCAD.

Week 06
a. Sumps and ejectors
b. Project design using AutoCAD

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 I. Course syllabus
Week 07 1st mid term

Week 08&09 water systems

a. Water system design
b. Water system sizing
c. Project design using AutoCAD

Week 10
a. Hot water system design
b. Project design using AutoCAD
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 I. Course syllabus
Week 11
a. Sizing the hot water circulating system
b. Private sewage disposal systems
c. Project design using AutoCAD

Week 12
a. Valves
b. Project 01

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 I. Course syllabus
Week 13 Project 02

Week 14 Project 03

Week 15 2nd mid term

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 Types of water services in buildings and facilities
1. Cold Water supply system
2. Hot water supply system
3. Drainage system
4. Vent system
5. Storm drainage system
6. others

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Codes and standards for water supply and drainage
systems
1. American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASPE)
2. International Plumbing Code (IPC)
3. National Standard Plumbing Code
4. Uniform Plumbing Code
5. Egyptian Plumbing Code

Engineered Plumbing Design II

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture selection

 The type, quantity, and arrangement

is responsible for architect
 The type and quantity of fixtures =
f( number of people & building
occupancy)

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification
Siphon

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Siphon
the word refers particularly to a tube in an inverted "U" shape, which causes a liquid
to flow upward, above the surface of a reservoir, with no pump, but powered by the
fall of the liquid as it flows down the tube under the pull of gravity, then discharging
at a level lower than the surface of the reservoir from which it came.

Reverse trap
Water enters through rim punchings and through a jet that fills the rear trapway
completely, creating a siphon action and resulting in quick withdrawal of water from
the bowl. A water jet is located at the inlet of the trapway. Most of the bowl surface
is covered with water. This model is efficient but moderately noisy. Its cost is
reasonably low.
SIPHON-JET
Water enters through rim punchings and jets placed in an up-leg of the rear trap,
filling the trapway and creating an instant siphon action without rise of water level.
The result is quick water withdrawal. Large water surface provides an efficient and
clean operation. With quiet flushing and moderate cost, this is the most popular
residential model.

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification
 Water closets based on trap type

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Siphon
the word refers particularly to a tube in an inverted "U" shape, which causes a liquid
to flow upward, above the surface of a reservoir, with no pump, but powered by the
fall of the liquid as it flows down the tube under the pull of gravity, then discharging
at a level lower than the surface of the reservoir from which it came.

Reverse trap
Water enters through rim punchings and through a jet that fills the rear trapway
completely, creating a siphon action and resulting in quick withdrawal of water from
the bowl. A water jet is located at the inlet of the trapway. Most of the bowl surface
is covered with water. This model is efficient but moderately noisy. Its cost is
reasonably low.

WASH-DOWN
Water enters through an open rim, as though a bucket of water were dumped into
the bowl, filling the front trapway and creating siphon action. This model provides
quick removal of water with minimum water rise. Small water surface makes the

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model more vulnerable to soiling and clogging. This is the least efficient and most
noisy type but lowest in cost.

SIPHON-JET
Water enters through rim punchings and jets placed in an up-leg of the rear trap,
filling the trapway and creating an instant siphon action without rise of water level.
The result is quick water withdrawal. Large water surface provides an efficient and
clean operation. With quiet flushing and moderate cost, this is the most popular
residential model.
SIPHON-VORTEX
Water enters through diagonal punching around the rim of the bowl, creating a
vortex that draws the water down into the rear trap with a swirling action that scours
the walls of the bowl. Water strikes two parallel ridges and folds over forming a jet,
producing siphonic action. Large water surface provides a very efficient and clean
process, and the flushing is extremely quiet. This model is mostly of one-piece
construction with a low profile. Expensive.

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification
 Water closet

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification

 Water closets
 A close-coupled
 A one-piece
 A flushometer style

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A close-coupled water closet is one with a two-piece tank and bowl fixture.
A one-piece water closet is, as it suggests, one with the tank and bowl as one piece.
A flushometer style water closet is a bowl with a spud connection that receives the
connection from a flushometer valve.

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification

 Water closets manner of mounting and connection

 A floor-mounted water closet
 A wall hung water closet
 Floor-mounted, back outlet water closets

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A floor-mounted water closet is supported by the floor and connected directly to the
piping through the floor.

A wall hung water closet is supported by a wall hanger and never comes in contact
with the floor.

Floor-mounted, back outlet water closets are supported by the floor yet connect to
the piping through the wall. The advantage of the floor mounted, back outlet water
closet is that the penetrations of the floor are reduced for the plumbing

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification

 Water closets flushing types

 gravity flush
 Flushometer tank

 The minimum
amount of water per
flush is 1.6 gal ( 6 L)

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gravity flush, used with tank type water closets, the water is not under pressure and
flushes by gravity

flushometer tank, also for tank type water closets, however, the water is stored in a
pressurized vessel and flushed under a pressure ranging between 25 and 35 psi

A flushometer valve type of flush uses the water supply line pressure to flush the
water closet. Because of the demand for a flush of a large
volume of water in a short period of time, the water supply pipe must be larger in
diameter than that for a gravity or flushometer tank type of
flush.

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification
 Water closets flushing
types
 Flushometer valve

 For 1.6-gpf water closets,

flushometer valves are set
to flow 25 gpm at peak
to flush the water closet.
The flushing cycle is very
short, lasting 4 to 5 s.

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The valve is designed with upper and lower chambers separated by a diaphragm. The
water pressure in the upper chamber keeps the valve in the closed position. When
the trip lever is activated, the water in the upper chamber escapes to the lower
chamber, starting the flush. The flush of 1.6 gal passes through the flush valve. The
valve is closed by line pressure as water reenters the upper chamber, closing off the
valve.

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification
 Urinals

 A urinal is now restricted

to a maximum water use
of 1.0 gal per flush

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification
 Urinals styles
 Floor mounted
 Wall hung
 Free standing

 Water supply for urinals must meet the

same requirements as those for water
closets.
Siphon jet and blowout urinals provide a
flushing action that will remove foreign
matter deposited in the urinal
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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification
 Lavatories
 slab,
 splashback,
 shelf back,
 ledge back,
 countertop

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A Lavatory is a washbasin used for personal hygiene

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification
 Sinks
 Specialty sinks (surgeon’s sink)
 Double-Compartment Sink

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There is a wide selection of sink types available. They come in single, double, and
triple-compartment models

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification
 Service Sinks

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The most popular service sinks are those that have a high back and are wall mounted
and supported on a trap standard or low type mop basins that are mounted on, or
recessed into, the floor.

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification
 Bathtubs

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The 5 ft bathtub has become practically a standard, but the public has recently
indicated a preference for a much longer model

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 Systems and Fixtures
Fixture classification
 Showers
 Drinking Fountains
 Bidets

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Showers are available in standard precast sizes (minimum 30" x 30")

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 Fixture Traps
 A fixture trap is a fitting or device that provides a liquid seal that will prevent
the back passage of air without materially affecting the flow of sewage or
waste water through it.
 Acceptable fixture traps must have the
following characteristics:
1. They must be self-cleaning.
2. They must have smooth interiors.
3. They must have no movable parts or
partitions.
4. They must have a minimum seal of 2 in.

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 Fixture Traps
 Prohibited Traps
1. Crown-vented traps.
2. traps that depend on movable parts for
their seal are prohibited.

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A trap is considered to be crown vented when the vent is within two pipe diameters
of the weir. This proximity of the vent to the surface of the water in the trap tends to
faster evaporation of the seal as the air circulates in the venting system. If a fixture is
not used over an extended period of time, it is possible to lose the water seal.
Another danger is the probability of closing the vent opening with foreign matter
present in the waste water as it flows out of the trap and is centrifuged to the top of
the pipe.

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 Fixture Traps
 Trap seal
1. Trap seal is the maximum vertical depth of liquid that a trap will
retain, measured between the crown weir and the dip of the trap. A
trap must provide a minimum seal of 2 in.

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 Fixture Traps
 Siphonage
The possible siphoning of water out of the trap is of major importance. Two
kinds of siphonage are possible:
1. Induced siphonage. (no flow occurring)
2. Self-siphonage.

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Induced siphonage In a plumbing system at rest (no flow occurring) it can be stated
that atmospheric conditions exist throughout the system. Stated another way, zero
pressure exists at the inlet and outlet of all traps in the system. When flow occurs in
any part of the system, fluctuations in pressure occur. These pressure variations may
possibly induce the siphonage of a fixture trap with the consequent loss of the
protective water seal. Figure 2-3(A) illustrates a trap with zero pressure
at the inlet and outlet. Figure 2-3(B) illustrates the condition when an excess pressure
develops in the drain. Let P represent the excess pressure, then the total
pressure at the outlet would be atmospheric pressure
(Pa) plus the excess
pressure ( P). The pressure at the inlet would still be
atmospheric (Pa). The water would rise in the inlet leg of
the trap to a height ( H) to balance P. When the
pressure at the outlet returns to zero (atmospheric), the
water in the two legs of the trap will return to the initial

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level as shown in Fig. 2-3(C), with a very minor loss of
trap seal due to the overshooting of the water column
as it returns to equilibrium.

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 Fixture Traps
 Siphonage
The possible siphoning of water out of the trap is of major importance. Two
kinds of siphonage are possible:
1. Induced siphonage. (no flow occurring)
2. Self-siphonage.

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Self siphonage It can best be illustrated by examining the discharge of a lavatory. A

lavatory is prone to self-siphonage to a greater degree than any other fixture. Most
lavatories are constructed with rounded bottoms. The discharge rate is high at first,
decreasing as the depth of water in the basin decreases, then suddenly falling off to
nearly zero, with an accompanying formation of a vortex, which sucks air down into
the drain.

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