Cloud Computing : Introduction

Prof. Hemant KumarApat

School of Computer Application , KIIT University,
Bhubaneswar Odisha
Email: [email protected], Mob-9439545969
 Learning Objective
After completing this talk, you should be familiar with:
⚫ Cloud computing definition
⚫ Describing cloud computing in one sentence
⚫ Factors that lead to the adoption of cloud computing
⚫ Explaining cloud concepts such as, infrastructure as a service,
platform as a service, and software as a service
⚫ Busines benefits of cloud computing for IT, application development,
and testing
⚫ Describing cloud computing deployment models
⚫ Identifying cloud computing adoption risks
⚫ Dif erentiating between traditional IT and cloud computing services.

2 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Cloud computing
⚫ Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources over the
Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. Instead of buying, owning, and
maintaining physical data centers and servers, you can access
technology services, such as computing power, storage, and databases,
on an as-needed basis from a cloud service provider(CSP).
⚫ Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including
servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and
intelligence—over the Internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster
innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.
⚫ User typically pay only for cloud services as per their use, helping
lower your operating costs, run your infrastructure more ef iciently
and scale as your busines needs change.

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 Evolution of Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing
SaaS Computing
 Next-Generation
Utility Computing Network-based
Grid Computing
 Internet
 Of ering subscriptions computing
 Solving large computing to applications  Next-Generation
problems with resources as a  Gained Data Centers
Parallel metered momentum
computing service in 2001
 Made  Introduced in
mainstream late 1990s
By Global
Al iance

4 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Predictions for cloud computing revenues to 2021 from 451 Research.

5 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Top benefits of cloud computing

6 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Top benefits of cloud computing
Cost
⚫ Cloud computing eliminates the capital expense of buying hardware
and software and setting up and running on-site datacenters—the
racks of servers, the round-the-clock electricity for power and
cooling, the IT experts for managing the infrastructure. It adds up
fast.
Speed
⚫ Most cloud computing services are provided self service and on
demand, so even vast amounts of computing resources can be
provisioned in minutes, typical y with just a few mouse clicks, giving
businesses a lot of flexibility and taking the pressure off capacity
planning.

7 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Top benefits of cloud computing
Global scale
⚫ The benefits of cloud computing services include the ability to scale
elastical y. In cloud speak, that means delivering the right amount of
IT resources—for example, more or less computing power, storage,
bandwidth—right when it is needed and from the right geographic
location.
Productivity
⚫ On-site datacenters typical y require a lot of “racking and stacking”—
hardware setup, software patching, and other time-consuming IT
management chores. Cloud computing removes the need for many of
these tasks, so IT teams can spend time on achieving more important
busines goals.

8 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Top benefits of cloud computing
Performance
⚫ The biggest cloud computing services run on a worldwide network of
secure datacenters, which are regularly upgraded to the latest
generation of fast and efficient computing hardware. This offers
several benefits over a single corporate datacenter, including reduced
network latency for applications and greater economies of scale.
Reliability
⚫ Cloud computing makes data backup, disaster recovery and business
continuity easier and less expensive because data can be mirrored at
multiple redundant sites on the cloud provider’s network.
Security
⚫ Many cloud providers of er a broad set of policies, technologies and
controls that strengthen your security posture overal , helping protect
your data, apps and infrastructure from potential threats.

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10 Cloud Computing; Introduction
11 Cloud Computing; Introduction
 Why is it cal ed cloud computing?
⚫ Afundamental concept behind cloud computing is that the location of
the service, and many of the details such as the hardware or operating
system on which it is running, are largely irrelevant to the user.
⚫ It's with this in mind that the metaphor of the cloud was borrowed
from old telecoms network schematics, in which the public telephone
network (and later the internet) was often represented as a cloud to
denote that the just didn't matter -- it was just a cloud of stuf .

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 Visual Model of Cloud Computing Definition

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 Cloud Computing: Essential Characteristics
On-demand self service
⚫ Users automatical y acces computing resources (e.g. servers,
storage etc.) as needed.
Broad network access
⚫ Services available over the network can be acces ed
using mobile/smart phones, tablets, laptops and
desktops.
Resource pooling
⚫ Computing resources (including memory and bandwidth) can be
pooled to serve multiple customers at the same time.
⚫ Location independence
Rapid elasticity
⚫ Ability to quickly scale in/out service with demand, at any time.
Measured service
⚫ Control, optimise services based on metering (i.e. pay-per-use
pricing model)
Clo⚫udTCyomppeuo
ti ngf;s
I netrordvuictcioeninclude storage, proces ing, bandwidth etc.
14
Types of cloud computing
 Types of cloud computing

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 Types of cloud computing: Public cloud
⚫ Public clouds are owned and operated by a third-party cloud service
providers(CSP), which deliver their computing resources like servers
and storage over the Internet.
⚫ Microsoft Azure is an example of a public cloud. With a public cloud,
all hardware, software and other supporting infrastructure is owned
and managed by the cloud provider. You access these services and
manage your account using a web browser.

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 Use case diagram of Cloud Service Provider

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 Types of cloud computing: Public cloud
⚫ A cloud is cal ed a ‘Public cloud’ when the services are left over a
network that aims for public use.
⚫ Technical y there may be little or no distinction between public and
exclusive cloud architecture, nonetheless, safety consideration may be
significantly different for services (applications, storage, and most
resources) that are provided by a service provider for a public
network and when communication is effected over a non-trusted
network.
⚫ Normally, public cloud company like Amazon AWS, Microsoft and
Google own and operate the facilities and of er acces just through the
Web (direct connection is not of ered).

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 Types of cloud computing: Private cloud
⚫ A private cloud refers to cloud computing resources used exclusively
by a single busines or organization.
⚫ Aprivate cloud can be physically located on the company’s on-site
datacenter. Some companies also pay third-party service providers to
host their private cloud. Aprivate cloud is one in which the services
and infrastructure are maintained on a private network.

20 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Types of cloud computing: Private cloud
⚫ Private cloud is a cloud facility run only for a single company,
whether taken care of internally or by a third-party and held inside or
externally.
⚫ Undertaking a private cloud job calls for a significant degree and
diploma of involvement to virtualize busines environment, and cal s
for the organization to re-evaluate decisions regarding already existing
sources. When done right, it can boost business, yet every action in
the task raises security is ues that should be addressed to stop serious
susceptibilities.

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 Public vs Private Cloud

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 Types of cloud computing: Hybrid cloud
⚫ Hybrid clouds combine public and private clouds, bound together by
technology that allows data and applications to be shared between
them.
⚫ Byal owing data and applications to move between private and public
clouds, a hybrid cloud gives your business greater flexibility, more
deployment options and helps optimise your existing infrastructure,
security and compliance.

23 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Types of cloud computing: Hybrid cloud
⚫ Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or even more clouds (private, neighborhood or
people) that stay distinct bodies however, are bound together, supplying the benefits of
several implementation models. Such make-up increases deployment choices for cloud
services, permitting IT organizations to utilize public cloud computing resources to
fulfill temporary needs. This capability enables hybrid clouds to utilize cloud breaking
for scaling throughout clouds.
⚫ Cloud bursting is an application implementation design in which an application runs in
an exclusive cloud or information facility and “bursts” to a public cloud when the
demand for computing ability boosts. Akey benefit of cloud bursting and a hybrid cloud
model is that an organization just pays for added compute resources when they are
required.
⚫ Cloud bursting al ows information centers to develop an in-house IT facilities that assists
average works, and use cloud sources from public or private clouds, during spikes in
processing demands. Byutilizing “hybrid cloud” architecture, firms and individuals have
the ability to acquire diplomas of mistake tolerance combined with locally prompt
functionality without dependence on internet connectivity.
⚫ Hybrid cloud architecture needs both on-premises resources and of -site (distant)
server-based cloud facilities.
⚫ Hybrid clouds lack the versatility, protection and certainty of in-house
applications. Hybrid cloud gives the adaptability of in home applications with the fault
tolerance and scalability of cloud based services.

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 Hybrid Cloud

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26 Cloud Computing; Introduction
 Cloud Computing Deployment Models

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 Public, Private or Hybrid Cloud: Which One is Right for You?

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 Community Cloud
⚫ Community cloud shares facilities in between many companies from a
particular neighborhood with usual concerns (security, compliance,
jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party and
hosted internal y or on the surface.
⚫ The prices are dispersed over fewer individuals than a public cloud
(yet even more than a personal cloud), so just some of the expense
savings potential of cloud computer are understood.
⚫ Community cloud is a cloud infrastructure that allows systems and
services to be acces ible by a group of several organizations to share
the information. It is owned, managed, and operated by one or more
organizations in the community, a third party, or a combination of
them.
⚫ Example: Our government organization within India may share
computing infrastructure in the cloud to manage data.
https://cloud.gov.in/

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 Motivation:

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 Types of cloud services
IaaS, PaaS, serverless and SaaS
 Types of cloud services: IaaS, PaaS, serverless and SaaS
Most c l o u d c o m p u t i n g services fall i n t o four broad
categories: infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a
service (PaaS), serverless and software as a service (SaaS).
.

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 Types of cloud services: IaaS, PaaS, serverless and SaaS
[Cloud Computing Stack]

33 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Types of cloud services: IaaS, PaaS, serverless and SaaS

34 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
⚫ Infrastructure as a Service, sometimes abbreviated as IaaS, contains
the basic building blocks for cloud IT and typically provide acces to
networking features, computers (virtual or on dedicated hardware),
and data storage space.
⚫ Infrastructure as a Service provides you with the highest level of
flexibility and management control over your IT resources and is
most similar to existing IT resources that many IT departments and
developers are familiar with today.
⚫ I a S i s u s e d f o r I n t e r ntoe storaget - b a sand
e dcomputing
acces
power.
⚫ IaaS lets you rent IT infrastructure - servers and virtual machines,
storage, networks, and operating systems - from a cloud provider on a
pay-as-you-go basis.

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 Use Cases | Infrastructure as a Service Cloud Concepts

36 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Platform-as-a-service (PaaS)
⚫ Platforms as a service remove the need for organizations to manage
the underlying infrastructure (usually hardware and operating
systems) and al ow you to focus on the deployment and management
of your applications.
⚫ PaaS helps you be more efficient as you don’t need to worry about
resource procurement, capacity planning, software maintenance,
patching, or any of the other undif erentiated heavy lifting involved in
running your application.
⚫ Pa S gives developers the tools to build and host web applications.
⚫ Pa S is designed to give users acces to the components they require
to quickly develop and operate web or mobile applications over the
Internet, without worrying about setting up or managing the
underlying infrastructure of servers, storage, networks, and databases.

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 Redundant 3-Tier Architecture

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 Software-as-a-service (SaaS)
⚫ Software as a Service provides you with a completed product that is run and
managed by the service provider. In most cases, people referring to
Software as a Service are referring to end-user applications.
⚫ SaaS is used for web-based applications. SaaS is a method for delivering
software applications over the Internet where cloud providers host and
manage the software applications making it easier to have the same
application on al of your devices at once by acces ing it in the cloud.
⚫ Sa Sof ering you do not have to think about how the service is maintained
or how the underlying infrastructure is managed; you only need to think
about how you will use that particular piece of software.
⚫ Acommon example of a Sa Sapplication is web-based email where you can
send and receive email without having to manage feature additions to the
email product or maintaining the servers and operating systems that the
email program is running on.

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 Use Case Diagram SaaS e-health Education

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 Serverless computing
⚫ Serverless computing is a cloud computing execution model in
which the cloud provider runs the server, and dynamical y manages
the al ocation of machine resources.

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 Serverless computing
⚫ Serverless computing is a method of providing backend services
on an as-used basis.
⚫ Servers are still used, but a company that gets backend services from
a serverless vendor is charged based on usage, not a fixed amount of
bandwidth or number of servers.
⚫ Serverless allows you to build and run applications and services
without thinking about servers. It eliminates infrastructure
management tasks such as server or cluster provisioning, patching,
operating system maintenance, and capacity provisioning.
⚫ You can build them for nearly any type of application or backend
service, and everything required to run and scale your application
with high availability is handled for you.

42 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Serverless computing
⚫ Serverless is the native architecture of the cloud that enables you to
shift more of your operational responsibilities to AWS, increasing
your agility and innovation.
⚫ Serverless enables you to build modern applications with
increased agility and lower total cost of ownership.
⚫ Building serverless applications means that your developers can focus
on their core product instead of worrying about managing and
operating servers or runtimes, either in the cloud or on-premises.
⚫ Serverless technology reduced overhead lets developers reclaim time
and energy that can be spent on developing great products which
scale and that are reliable.
⚫ Acomputing model in which the cloud provider provisions and
manages servers. It enables developers to spend more time building
apps and les time managing infrastructure.

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44 Cloud Computing; Introduction
 4 Use Cases of Serverless Architecture

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 Web applications and backends
⚫ Aserverless web applications and backends can be build using AWS
Lambda, Amazon API Gateway, Amazon S3, and Amazon DynamoDB
to handle web, mobile, Internet ofThings (IoT), and chatbot requests.
Example:Weather application

46 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Cloud Computing Deployment Models: On-premises
⚫ Deploying resources on-premises, using virtualization and resource
management tools, is sometimes called “private cloud”.
⚫ On-premises deployment does not provide many of the benefits of
cloud computing but is sometimes sought for its ability to
provide dedicated resources.
⚫ In most cases this deployment model is the same as legacy IT
infrastructure while using application management and virtualization
technologies to try and increase resource utilization.

47 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Cloud Computing Deployment Models: Cloud
⚫ A cloud-based application is ful y deployed in the cloud and al parts
of the application run in the cloud.
⚫ Applications in the cloud have either been created in the cloud or have
been migrated from an existing infrastructure to take advantage of
the benefits of cloud computing.
⚫ Cloud-based applications can be built on low-level infrastructure
pieces or can use higher level services that provide abstraction from
the management, architecting, and scaling requirements of core
infrastructure.

48 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Cloud Computing Deployment Models: Hybrid
⚫ A hybrid deployment is a way to connect infrastructure and
applications between cloud-based resources and existing resources
that are not located in the cloud.
⚫ The most common method of hybrid deployment is between the
cloud and existing on-premises infrastructure to extend, and grow, an
organization's infrastructure into the cloud while connecting cloud
resources to internal system.

49 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Cloud Layer Architecture

50 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Split of Responsibilities: provider-side and consumer-side
Traditional Infrastructure Platform Software
on-premises as a service as a service as a service

Applications Applications Applications Applications

Data Data Data Data

Runtime Runtime Runtime Runtime

Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware

O/S O/S O/S O/S

Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization

Servers Servers Servers Servers

Storage Storage Storage Storage

Networking Networking Networking Networking

Client manages Vendor manages in the cloud

51 Cloud Computing; Introduction

52 Cloud Computing; Introduction
 Categories of Cloud Computing Risks
Technology
Immaturity
Less Control Lack of world-wide adopted Data Security
Many companies and Standards. Use of closed Migrating workloads to a
governments are proprietary technologies. Lack of shared network and
uncomfortable with the idea knowledge and trust. compute infrastructure
of their information located API Jungle. increases the potential for
on systems they do not Legal uncertainties. unauthorized exposure.
control. Providers must Authentication and access
offer a high degree of
security transparency to help Vendor Lock-in technologies become
increasingly important.
put customers at ease. Interoperability constraints.
Low level of portability of
application and services based
on cloud.
Contract and exit strategies
Compliance Limitations on sharing or Security
Complying with SOX, transferring data Management
HIPAA
and other regulations Reliability Providers must supply
easy controls to manage
may prohibit the use of High availability will be a key
firewall and security
clouds for some concern. IT departments will
settings for applications
applications. worry about a los of service
and runtime environments
Comprehensive auditing should outages occur. Mis ion
in the cloud.
capabilities are essential. critical applications may not run in
the cloud without strong
availability guarantees.
53 Cloud Computing; Introduction www.bournemouth.ac.uk
 Cloud Computing Security, gaps, threat , risks

54 Cloud Computing; Introduction

55 Cloud Computing; Introduction
Thanks for Your At ention!

Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Reference
⚫ http://cloudcomputingtypes.com/
⚫ https://aws.amazon.com/modern-apps/
⚫ https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.500-
291r2.pdf
⚫ https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication
800-145.pdf
⚫ https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-cloud-computing/?nc1=f_cc
⚫ https://cloud.gov.in/
⚫ https://www.meity.gov.in/content/gi-cloud-meghraj
⚫ https://docs.rightscale.com/cm/designers_guide/cm-cloud-
computing-system-architecture-
diagrams.html#:~:text=acros %20al %20of%20the%20Membase%
20nodes.%20If%20you%20are%20using
⚫ https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=f g_LoYAAAAJ&hl=en

57 Cloud Computing; Introduction

Exercises
 Cloud Computing: Introduction
Q.1 Dif erentiate between Grid computing. Distributed computing and cloud
computing. Also draw the relationship between them.
Q.2 Describe the characteristics of cloud computing environments.
Q.3 Discus the dif erent barriers of cloud computing.
Q.4 What do you understand by service oriented architecture (SOA). How it
support cloud computing? Explain.
Q.5 What are the es ential characteristics of cloud computing?
Q.6 Explain the keys steps in implementing Cloud computing based
applications.
Q.7 Differentiate between Distributed Computing and Cloud Computing.
Q.8 How Cloud Computing can help in solving Gene Expres ion Data
Analysis? Explain in details
Q.9 What do you mean by Social Network Analysis? How Cloud Computing can
help in this problem.
Q.10 Explain a brief noted on cloud adoption and cloud rudiments?
Q.11 List the dif erent cloud application available in market? Briefly explain the
scenarios/situation of ”when to not use clouds”?

63 Cloud Computing; Introduction

 Suggested reading
⚫Distributed and Cloud
Computing: From Parallel
Processing to the Internet of
Things
⚫ K. Hwang, G. Fox & J. Dongar a.
⚫ Paperback: 672 pages
⚫ Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers In (22 November
2011)
⚫ Language: English
⚫ ISBN-10: 0123858801
⚫ ISBN-13: 978-0123858801

64 Cloud Computing; Introduction