2023 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE)

Fire Fighting Robot With More Accuracy and

Implementation Using Arduino Uno
2023 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE) | 979-8-3503-9926-4/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICACITE57410.2023.10182540

Ayush Dubey Bhartendu Singh Narendra Kumar

Galgotia College of Engineering & Galgotia College of Engineering & Galgotia College of Engineering &
Technology Technology Technology
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
m

Mohammed Ayad Alkhafaji Mustafa Isam

Collage of Engineering, National Medical Laboratory Techniques
University of Science and Department, Al-Farahidi University,
Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq Iraq, Baghdad

Abstract :- Nowadays technology is growing with rapid different methods . One of the methods suggested in the
speed and we are becoming familiar with the technology more Intelligent Fire-Fighting robot based on STM32 . This robot is
and more. We are surrounded by various equipment and the mainly controlled by a STM32 single chip microcomputer . It
risk of failure of these types of equipment is always a concern. also consists of JY-901 attitude sensor , ultrasonic sensor, DC
As these equipment contain various circuits and due to which if motor , motor drive circuit , flame sensor[12-15].
any kind of failure occurs it can cause a fire. Now to tackle these
problems we need technology like fire fighting robots. With the According to some reports for accidental deaths and
help of these, we can replace human effort and can decrease the suicide in india from national crime bureau of india, “On an
chance of human loss. This Robot uses different sensors, average 33 people get killed by fire every day in india from
microcontrollers like Arduino UNO, circuits, and motors. 2016-2021”.Some reports concluded that India has recorded
16,00,000 fire accidents and 27,027 deaths due to fire.
Keyword:- Infrared sensor, submersible pump, motors,
Arduino Uno , Smoke detector This all happens due to lack of safety equipment and
improper training.
I. INTRODUCTION And this robot will help in saving lifes and can prevent
The IOT based Fire Fighting Robot has been developed these types of accidents which will reduce the number of
using IOT and android applications . The paper suggests that deaths .The statistics of accidents due to fire in India from
whenever fire breaks out the alert is sent to the user and the 2017 to 2021 is given in figure 1.
user can see the real time video streaming of the situation . In
addition ,the CO2 sensor helps to detect the fire type based on
the amount of CO2 released .The user will then manually
decide whether the robot should use water or co2 to extinguish
fire depending on the fire type .It can also be used in saving
human life stranded in fire by communicating with them
using video conferencing .[1-3]
The fire fighting robot developed using sensors .The paper
suggests that the robot consists of a temperature sensor with
which one can detect rise in temperature and the robot can also
be controlled with the help of our laptop or mobile with the Fig. 1. Fires Accidents In India from 2017-2021 [1]
help of a web server. The robot can be controlled from
anywhere with the help of a web server and its activity can be
monitored through our devices[4-7]. II. PROPOSED MODEL & ITS WORKING
As the complexity in the infrastructure is increasing day The robot is designed with the help of small sensors and
by day . So the methods to protect human lives from fire is a arduino uno. The main chip of the robot is the Arduino
challenge . The research paper suggests using AI Fire Fighting uno.The design of the robot is compact due to which it is easy
Robot based on Big Data and Group Intelligence Perception . to handle.The GPS and GSM module is also installed. This
The construction of this firefighting robot includes AI , multi- robot will take the location of the affected area with the help
sensors , IOT , multi-agent systems[8-12]. of a GPS module and will send the location of the affected
area to the user with the help of the GSM modules. The user
With increasing population it becomes a necessity for the will get to know about the fire and can take the necessary help
cities to make high rise buildings , logistic warehouses ,large of the fire fighting department if needed. The robbot will
shopping malls etc. These places are also prone to catch fire detect the fire with the help of a smoke detector and infrared
which eventually causes loss of money and even life in sensor, as the fire emits infrared rays from it. The robot will
extreme situations . So to tackle these situations , we need head towards the fire and will extinguish the fire with the help

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 2023 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE)

of water. The robot will spray the water on the surface as and will extinguish the fire. The working algorithm of the
spraying is much more effective as it will cover a larger robot is shown in figure 4.
surface area with high pressure. In this way the fire will be
extinguished more easily and it will be effective on almost all GPS and GSM the message will also be sent to the owner
types of fire without any problem. A prototype image of the of the property . Currently it only moves in a particular line
robot is shown in figure 2. of sight . But in the near future , it will be able to overcome
the obstacles between the firefighting robot and the point of
fire . It will be able to move 360 degrees and start the measures
to stop the fire as soon as possible .

Fig. 2. Prototype Of Fire Fighting Robot [5]

This robot is compact in size and it will be very useful in

house fires. As this technology is cheaper in price and will
help to protect the house when you are not in the house The
circuit diagram of the robot is shown in figure 3.

Fig. 4. Flowchart of Working Of Robot[1]

Fig. 3. Circuit Diagram Of Working Model[5]

IV. FUTURE WORK

III. WORKING METHODOLOGY
Presently the robot only uses the infrared waves to detect
Now we talk about the working method of the robot fire with the help of infrared sensors . But in the future it will
described in the given flow chart Fig. 3. The smoke and also be able to detect the fire with the help of smoke detectors
infrared sensor will detect the fire and send the signal to . Along with that it will also contact the nearest fire fighting
arduino uno. Arduino Uno will send the signal to the gps station . With the help of GPS the location will be sent to the
module which will collect the information about the location fire fighting station , which will help the firefighters to reach
and will send the information back to the arduino which will at the point of accident asap. With the help of these GPS and
send it to the user through SMS with the help of the GSM GSM the message will also be sent to the owner of the
module. Now the arduino will send the signal to the motor property . Currently it only moves in a particular line of sight
driver module which will move the robot towards the fire . But in the near future , it will be able to overcome the
.Once the robot reaches near the fire arduino will send a signal obstacles between the firefighting robot and the point of fire .
to the water pump which will start spraying water on the fire It will be able to move 360 degrees and start the measures to
stop the fire as soon as possible .

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 2023 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE)

The current fire fighting robots take time to detect fire , as

these fires are being detected on the basis of smoke detectors.
Which sometimes also is unable to detect fire . But our fire
fighting robot detects fire on the basis of infrared waves which
are released from the fire . It also has the smoke detectors in it
. So the chances of fire detection increases which eventually
decreases the error percentage . At the time of fire our fire
fighting robot sends the location of the nearest fire fighting
station to the owner . With little advancement it will also be
able to call the nearest fire fighting station at the time of
mishap . Using a Carbon dioxide tank to extinguish fire will
make the robot more complex and less economical . So we
have used a submersible pump to extinguish the fire . Which
makes it more affordable and less complex.In existing fire
fighting models , if the owner is not present at the time of
mishap . The robot takes care of the situation and the owner
remains unaware of it . But in our fire fighting model , with
the help of GPS and GSM module . The robot immediately
sends the location and makes a call to the nearest fire fighting
station . Which will help the firefighters to reach the place of
the fire accident as soon as possible . Along with that it also
sends a message to the owner of the property , so that owner Fig. 5. Robot Testing For Different Conditions
does not remain unaware of the situation . They can take
charge of the situation as soon as possible. In some models With the help of two different sensors(infrared and smoke)
the fire fighting robot is being controlled with the help of a the robot can also detect the fire which is at a small distance
bluetooth module , which has a very small range . But in our as well as the fire which is far away from the robot. The
model it does not have any range problem as it has in the efficiency in these experiments was 92 percent .
bluetooth module. When the fire is at 50 cm from the robot, it starts moving
As the range in Our robots is being decided by the sensors and detects the fire and extinguishes it in 3.3 sec and the
we use . Which is not an issue , as the sensors can be message is received in 10 sec . When the fire is at 1 m it takes
customized on the basis of the property it is going to be 7.6 sec to extinguish it and the message was received in 15
planted in .The other problem faced by the fire fighting robot sec. But when the fire is at 4 m from the robot it can not detect
is that it is connected with the wire ,which limits the covering the fire quickly and it takes 50.1 sec to extinguish the fire and
range of the robot . At the time of mishap the robot won’t be was received in 55.6 sec. The experimental data have been
able to reach the point of mishap . But in our model of the fire shown in table 1.
fighting robot it uses a wireless mechanism , which does not
limit the covering range of the fire fighting robot . So it can TABLE I. DATA OF DIFFERENT TEST CONDUCTED BY ROBOT AND
reach the point of the fire very easily . THEIR DURATION

In some of the models before starting the extinguishing Distance Fire Time To Time To
process of the fire . The robot has to find the fire type , so that (Meters) Intensity Extinguish Receive
(kW/m) (seconds) Message
it can use the proper resource to extinguish the fire . In some (seconds)
of the cases the user has to manually decide the type of 0.50 m 0.10 3.3 sec 10 sec
resource to be used to extinguish the fire. But in our model 1m 0.10 7.6 sec 15 sec
this confusion has been removed . It eventually reduces the 2m 0.10 20.4 sec 25.1 sec
delay time as it does not take time in deciding the fire type . 3m 0.20 33.2 sec 37.6 sec
And it also does not take time in deciding the type of resource 3.5m 0.20 42.2 sec 46.3 sec
to use to extinguish the fire . As our fire fighting robot uses 4m 0.20 50.1 sec 55.6 sec
4.5 m 0.25 57.9 sec 65.4 sec
water with a submersible pump to extinguish the fire .
VI. CONCLUSION
V. RESULT The research paper successfully presents the
When the robot was tested in a suitable testing implementation of fire fighting robots . It also overcomes the
environment by placing a piece of burnt paper at different challenges proposed by the existing models of fire fighting
distances which is shown in the figure 5. The fire fighting robots . Along with being more efficient than other existing
robot was set to move at a speed of 15 cm/sec. The burnt models of fire fighting robots , it is also more economical than
pieces of papers are placed at distances of 50cm,1m, 2m and others . It has better features that make it more practical than
4 m. the other models in the same section . It has more safety
features , for instance it gives you real time data of the scenario
to the owner . Along with that it also gives the information
about the mishap to the nearest fire fighting station . It does
not wait for the smoke detector to detect smoke and then start
the process to extinguish fire . Before that the infrared sensor
of the fire fighting robots start detecting infrared waves ,
which are being released at the time of fire . After detecting

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 2023 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE)

the infrared waves , it immediately starts the process of

extinguishing the fire . It also uses the water tank to extinguish
fire instead of the carbon dioxide tank . As the carbon dioxide
tank is more complex and less economical to produce it on a
larger scale. So this research paper successfully overcomes the
challenges proposed by other fire fighting robots in the same
category .

REFERENCES
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