There are the following differences between DBMS and =ile systems: Basis DBMS File Approach System Approach Meaning DBMS is a collection |The file of data. In DBMS, j the user is not system is a collection of required to write the | data. In this | | procedures. system, the | user has to | | write the | | procedures for | managing the | database. | Sharing of Due to the | Data is | data | centralized distributed in | | approach, data many files, _ sharing is easy. and it may be of — different formats, so it isn't easy to share data. So . fe clData Abstraction DBMS gives an_ The file abstract view of system data that hides the provides the details. detail of the data representation and storage of data. Security and DBMS provides a_ It isn't easy to Protection good protection protect a file _ mechanism. “under the file system. Recovery DBMS provides a_ The file Mechanism crash recovery system mechanism, i.e., | doesn't have a DBMS protects the | crash user from system mechanism, failure. ie, if the system crashes while entering some data, then the content of the file will be lost.Manipulation Techniques Concurrency Problems Where to use | | DBMS contains a The file wide variety of system can't sophisticated efficiently techniques to store | store and and retrieve the retrieve the data. data. DBMS takes care of In the File Concurrent access | system, of data using some | concurrent form of locking. access has many problems like redirecting the file while deleting some information or updating some information. Database approach File system used in large approach systems which | used in large interrelate many systems files. which interrelate | many files.Cost | The database system is expensive The file system Inconsistency problems of data to design. approach is | cheaper _ to design. Data | Due to the In this, the Redundancy _ centralization of the | files and and database, the | application programs are redundancy and | created by inconsistency are different controlled. programmers so that there exists a lot of duplication of data which may lead to inconsistency. | Structure The database The file | structure is complex | system to design. approach has | a simple | structure.Data In this system, Data In the File Independence | Independence system exists, and it can be approach, | of two types. there exists no Data 2 Logical Data | Independence. | Independence © Physical Data | Independence | | = | Integrity | Integrity Constraints | Integrity | Constraints are easy to apply. Constraints | | are difficult to | implement in | file system. | _ | Data Models In the database In the file | | approach, 3 types of system | data models exist: approach, | there is no | ° Hierarchal concept of | el data models data models o Network data exists. models | | o Relational | data modelsFlexibility _ Examples Oracle, SQL Server, | | Sybase etc. | Changes are often a necessity to the content of the data stored in any system, and these changes are more easily with a database approach. The flexibility of the system is less as compared to the DBMS approach. Cobol, C++ etc.