TeeJay

TeeJay Publishers
Publishers

Level C
Textbook
Produced by members of the TeeJay Writing Group

T. Strang (P.T. Mathematics - Clydebank High School)

J. Geddes (P.T. Mathematics - Renfrew High School)

PUPIL BOOK

C
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TeeJay Publishers
P.O. Box 1375
Barrhead
Glasgow
G78 1JJ

Tel: 0141 880 6839

Fax: 0870 124 9189
e-mail: [email protected]
web page: www.teejaypublishers.co.ok

© TeeJay Publishers 2004

First Edition published by TeeJay Publishers - August 2004

All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this book may be copied
or reproduced in any format, including electronic, without the express
permission of the authors in accordance with the Copyright, Design and
Patents Act of 1988.

Any person or organisation who makes unauthorised copies of any part

of this book may be liable to prosecution and possible civil claims for
damages.
 Level C Textbook

The book can be used in both Primary and Secondary with pupils who have gained a Level B.

♦ In secondary schools it can be used with those pupils who had already gained a
National Test level B in Primary or early Secondary.

• It should prepare pupils to sit maths level C national test, or equivalent,

by the end of Primary 4, 5, 6, 7 or by the end of Secondary 1.
• There are no A and B exercises. It basically covers the entire Level C
course without the teacher having to pick and choose which questions to
leave out and which exercises are important. They all are !
• It covers the important work of level C in ONE textbook.
• It contains a 7 page “Chapter Zero” which primarily revises every
topic at level B and can be used as a diagnostic tool. This could be
followed by a diagnostic assessment * of the work of Level B.
• Non-calculator skills will be emphasised and encouraged throughout
the book
• Each topic will have a “Topic in a Nutshell” exercise as a summary.
• Homework is available as a photocopiable pack along with an
Assessment pack which can be used topic by topic or combined to
form a series of level C cumulative Tests.
• Optional worksheets are available to accompany
W’Sheet
certain exercises and are marked like this :-
2·1

We make no apologies for the multiplicity of colours used throughout the

book, both for text and in diagrams - we felt it helped brightened up the
pages !!

Tom Strang and Jim Geddes

(August 2004)
 Contents

page
Chapter 0 Revision/Diagnosis of all Level B work 1-7

Ch 1 Whole Numbers 1 Place values and reading scales 8 - 10

Add/subtract whole numbers 11 - 14
Topic in a Nutshell 15 - 16

Ch 2 Symmetry Lines of symmetry on squared grid 17 - 22

Creating symmetry 23 - 24
Topic in a Nutshell 25

Ch 3 Money / Decimals The value of money and exchange 26 - 28

Adding/subtracting money 28 - 30
Mixed money problems 31 - 32
Topic in a Nutshell 33 - 34

Ch 4 Time 12 hour notation - the clock face 35 - 36

The digital clock 37 - 38
a.m. and p.m. (timetables, programme guides) 38 - 42
Small time intervals 43 - 45
Calendars 46
Topic in a Nutshell 47 - 49

Ch 5 Whole Numbers 2 Multiplication by a single digit 50 - 52

Doubling and trebling 52 - 53
Division by a single digit 54 - 56
Multiplication by 10 56 - 57
Division by 10 58 - 59
Round to nearest 10 60 - 61
Estimate answers using rounding 62
Using a calculator 63 - 65
Topic in a Nutshell 66 - 68

Ch 2 Statistics Constructing tables using tally marks 69 - 71

Pictographs 72 - 73
Bar graphs 74 - 76
Reading tables/data-bases 77 - 78
Topic in a Nutshell 79 - 80

Ch 7 Function Machines Function machines 81 - 84

Combined function machines 85 - 86
Simple algebra 87
Topic in a Nutshell 88
Ch 8 2 - Dimensions 2 dimensional shapes and their properties 89 - 91
Tilings with 2-dimensional shapes 91 - 93
Drawing circles 94 - 98
Topic in a Nutshell 99 - 100

Ch 9 Angles The right angle (= 90°) 101 - 103

Quarter turn, half turn and full turn 104 - 105
Types of angles (acute, obtuse, right, straight) 105 - 107
Topic in a Nutshell 108

Ch 10 Fractions Identifying fractions 109 - 112

Equivalent fractions 113 - 116
Simple fractions of a quantity 117 - 118
Topic in a Nutshell 119

Ch 11 Position/Movement Placement and movement 120 - 124

Features of a journey 124 - 126
Compass points 127 - 129
Coordinate grids 130 - 132
Coordinates for fun 133 - 134
Topic in a Nutshell 135 - 316

Ch 12 Length and Area Estimating lengths 137 - 138

Drawing lines and shapes 139
Units of length - converting cm <—> m 140 - 141
Problems involving lengths 142
Areas of rectangles and squares 143 - 146
Topic in a Nutshell 147

Ch 13 Patterns Revision of basic patterns (numbers and shapes) 148 - 149

Patterns within tables (linear) 150 - 151
Links between tables (3 and 9, 2, 4 and 8 etc.) 152
Topic in a Nutshell 153

Ch 14 3 - Dimensions Recognise 3 D shapes from their 2 D drawings 154 - 156

Drawing on isometric paper 157 - 158
Topic in a Nutshell 159

Ch 15 Volume & Weight What is volume ? 160 - 161

Litres and reading scales 162 - 164
Simple volumes of cubes/cuboids by counting cubes 164 - 166
What is weight 166 - 167
The kilogram and the gram 168 - 170
Topic in a Nutshell 171 - 172

Ch 16 Revision Revision of all Level C work 173 - 180

Answers 181 - 193

 The Characters

TODD FAMILY
Mrs Todd Mr Todd

Ben’s friends Lucy’s friends

Ravi and Nick Jane and Jemma

Ben Todd Lucy Todd

Tiddles Spot

Miss Young
Mr Duff
(Teacher)
(Teacher)

TeeJay gratefully acknowledges

the Artwork
by

Susan Fitzpatrick
 Chapter 0 Revision
Revision
Calculators should NOT
be used anywhere in Work
Work
this chapter.

1. Write the following numbers in words :-

a 96 b 123 c 459 d 905.

2. Write the following numbers using digits :-

a sixty two b seven hundred and fifteen
c five hundred and ninety d eight hundred and four.

3. What number comes :–

a 10 after 137 b 100 before 379 c 50 after 627
d 200 before 820 e 20 before 210 f 300 after 695 ?

4. Write these numbers in order putting the LARGEST first :-

a 199, 96, 211, 390, 89, 208, 302.
b 807, 799, 800, 789, 803, 817, 798, 779.

5. Trace or copy each shape neatly and colour in 1 of it each time :–

2
a b c

6. Trace or copy each shape neatly and colour in 1 of it each time :–

4
a b c

this is Chapter Zero page 1 REVISION WORK

7. a To find a half of something what do you divide it by ?
b To find a quarter of something what do you divide it by ?

8. Lucy bought a chocolate bar for 33p.

a What change will she get from £1 ?
b What coins might the shopkeeper
give her as change ?

9. a How many 10 pences can Lucy get in exchange for one 50 pence piece ?
b How many 5 pences can Lucy get in exchange for three 20 pence pieces ?
c How many 2 pences can Lucy get in exchange for four 10 pence pieces ?

10. Find mentally :-

a 7+3 b 32 + 6 c 90 – 20 d 130 + 40

e 58 – 7 f 21 – 8 g 200 – 100 h 170 + 40

11. Work out :-

a 52 b 29 c 77 d 81
+ 43 + 53 – 23 – 74

12. Find mentally :-

a 2 x 7 b 5 x 8 c 4 x 5 d 3 x 9

e 10 x 6 f 16 ÷ 2 g 5 35 h 28 ÷ 4

i 10 6 0 j 5 x 9 k 18 ÷ 3 l 90 ÷ 10

13. Find :-

a 51 b 34 c 61 d 3 42
x 3 x 5 x 10

e 10 4 6 0 f 85 ÷ 5 g 63 x 4 h 4 72

this is Chapter Zero page 2 REVISION WORK

14. a Lucy, Ben, Nick and Jane share 84 pence
amongst themselves equally.
How much does Lucy get ?
b A packet contains 10 caramels. The total weight is 450 grams.
What does each caramel weigh ?
15. a What is the total cost of 3 tyres if each one costs £33 ?
b A nail weighs 9 grams.
What is the weight of 5 nails ?
16. Round each of these to the nearest 10 :–
a 63 b 77 c 44 d 19
17. Round :-
a 43 to the nearest 10 b 68 to the nearest 10
18. Find :–

a 1 of £26 b 1 of 68 g c 1 of £16 d 1 of 40 kg
2 2 4 4

19. Ben writes down the following numbers :

43, 66, 117, 19, 62, 130, 89, 6, 402, 197.

Help Ben by writing down all of the EVEN numbers.

20. Find the next 3 numbers in these patterns :-

a 3, 6, 9, 12 b 5, 10, 15, 20 c 80, 70, 60, 50
d 13, 23, 33, 43 e 2, 5, 8, 11 f 77, 66, 55, 44.
21. Draw the next two shapes in each of the following patterns :–

a b

c d

22. Copy the following and fill in the missing numbers :–

a 6 + ... = 13 b 19 – ... = 11 c 3 x .... = 21
d 30 ÷ ... = 6 e ... – 4 = 13 f ... ÷ 4 = 6

this is Chapter Zero page 3 REVISION WORK

23. Write down which sign (+, –, x, ÷) is missing here :–
a 4 .... 6 = 24 b 3 .... 9 = 12 c 18 .... 2 = 16 d 18 .... 2 = 9

24. What numbers are the arrows pointing to ?

a b

10 12 14

c d

60 70 80

25. Put these lengths in order, starting with the SMALLEST :–

85 cm, 1 m 83 cm, 90 cm, 105 cm, 1 m 6 cm

26. Change :-
a 3 metres 25 centimetres to centimetres
b 2 m 56 cm to cm c 1 m 8 cm to cm
d 430 cm to m and cm e 207 cm to m and cm.
12 12
27. Write the times a 11 1 b 11 1
2 10 2
shown on these 10

9 3 9 3
clocks.
8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5
6 6

28. Write out these “digital” times in words :–

a 06:15 b 11:45

29. Put these in order, earliest first:-

June 17th, August 1st, June 30th July 23rd.

this is Chapter Zero page 4 REVISION WORK

 30. Write the following months in order, EARLIEST first :–

March, December, January, August, June.

31. What are the mathematical names for these shapes :–

a b c d

32. What are the proper mathematical names for these solid shapes :–
a b c d

e f g

33. This shape is called a cuboid.

a How many “faces” does it have ?

b How many “edges” does it have ?

c How many “corners” does it have ?

34. How many faces, how many edges and how many corners do each
of these 2 shapes have :–
a b

this is Chapter Zero page 5 REVISION WORK

35. Which of the following shapes are “good” shapes for tiling :–
(covering a page with no gaps)
a b c

d e f

36. Jane is in the kitchen.

She is looking at the kettle.
What object would Jane be
looking at if:–
a she made a quarter
turn clockwise ?
b she made a half turn ?

N
37. Make a copy of this COMPASS ROSE.
Fill in the other 3 directions.

e
38. Look at this grid.
d Drac

a Which monster is at Bd ? Frank

c
b Which monster is 1 box b
right and 3 boxes up
from the monster at Db ? a Bones

A B C D E

this is Chapter Zero page 6 REVISION WORK

39. Which of the following angles are right angles :–
a b c d

40. You may use a mirror here.

In which of the following shapes is the red line a line of symmetry :–
a b c

d e f

41. This table gives the hair colour and

Hair Eyes
eye colour of a group of children.
Billy Brown Blue
a Which 2 boys have Black hair ?
Tommy Black Blue
b One person has red hair. Nicola Red Green
What colour of eyes does this Lynne Brown Grey
person have ? John Black Green
c How many children have green eyes ?

42. A bar graph was drawn showing EYE COLOUR

8
the eye colour of the whole class.
7
a Which is the least common 6
colour of eyes ? 5
Number

b How many people have blue 4

eyes ? 3
2
c How many more people have 1
grey eyes than brown eyes ?
Green Blue Brown Grey
Colour

this is Chapter Zero page 7 REVISION WORK

 Chapter 1 Whole
Calculators should
Numbers 1
NOT be used anywhere
in this chapter.
Place Values

In the number :- 4156

Four thousand one
the 4 stands for 4 thousand = 4000 hundred and fifty
the 1 stands for 1 hundred = 100 six
the 5 stands for 5 tens = 50 4156
the 6 stands for 6 units = 6
= 4156

Exercise 1

1. What do the following digits stand for in the number 6827 :-

a 2 b 6 c 7 d 8?

2. What does the 7 stand for in each of these numbers :-

a 7382 b 6971 c 2037 d 708 ?

3. Write out the following numbers fully in words :-

a 562 b 708 c 9317 d 8827
e 98 f 5030 g 8006 h 9103.

4. Write the following numbers using digits :-

a eight hundred and fifty. b seven hundred and five.
c seven thousand eight hundred. d six thousand two hundred and four.
e five thousand and sixty three. f nine thousand and fourteen.
g one thousand two hundred and thirty four.

5. a George’s dad is building a garage at two hundred and

fifteen Loan Avenue. Write this number using digits.
b His friend stays at number 308. Write this in words.

this is Chapter One page 8 WHOLE NUMBERS 1

6. Put the following groups of numbers in order, (SMALLEST first) :-
a 270, 304, 299, 300, 317, 237, 289, 310, 298.
b 6054, 6099, 5989, 5045, 6104, 6200, 5897, 6001.
c
991 1900 1009 999 1090
989 1099 1002 791 1910

7. Write down the number that comes :-

a 10 after 350 b 20 after 670 c 300 before 4600
d 60 before 1490 e 200 after 1470 f 400 before 6500
g 500 after 1500 h 1000 before 3700. i 4000 before 7200.
j fifty after six hundred and twenty.
k six hundred before nine thousand eight hundred.
l one thousand one hundred before six thousand five hundred.

8. a Ravi’s dad was born in 1958.

Ravi was born 30 years later.
In what year was Ravi born ?

b The Americans put a man on the moon in 1969.

Jane’s gran was born 40 years before this.
In what year was Jane’s gran born ?

9. Look at these scales. What numbers are the arrows pointing to ?

a b c

10 20 90 100

d e f g

20 40 400 450 500

h i j k

150
100 200 300 400

this is Chapter One page 9 WHOLE NUMBERS 1

 10. What are the readings on these gauges ?
a b c
0 0 0

30 30 30

10 10 10

20 20 20

d e f
0 0 0

60 300 150

20 100 50

40 200 100

11. What are the temperatures on these thermometers ?

a b c d e f

20°C 20°C 40°C 200°C 10°C 100°C

10°C 10°C 20°C 100°C 5°C 50°C

0°C 0°C 0°C 0°C 0°C 0°C

12. The diagram shows a river with distances (in metres) from the bridge.
How far up from the bridge is :-
a the tree b the boat c the wigwam ? 1500
500 1000
bridge
boat
wigwam
tree

this is Chapter One page 10 WHOLE NUMBERS 1

Add and Subtract Whole Numbers

When adding (or subtracting) numbers make sure you line them up properly
To add :- 37 + 8 To subtract :- 360 – 70
Line up the 0
Line up the 8 beneath the 0
beneath the 7 1
3 7 2
3 6 0
+ 8 – 7 0
4 5 2 9 0
1

Exercise 2

1. Copy and complete each calculation :-

a 58 b 61 c 22 d 15
+ 3 + 7 + 9 + 8

e 39 f 65 g 510 h 460
+ 6 + 9 + 40 + 80

i 160 j 340 k 704 l 370

+ 90 + 70 + 9 + 60

m 39 n 52 o 90 p 70
3 6 380 60
+ 8 + 7 + 60 + 530

2. Set these down in a similar way (or try them mentally) :-

a 39 + 8 b 7 + 49 c 9 + 25 d 57 + 4

e 75 + 6 f 8 + 64 g 130 + 70 h 90 + 250

i 360 + 80 j 540 + 70 k 220 + 90 l 780 + 30

m 160 + 50 + 30 n 380 + 40 + 40 o 50 + 190 + 60 p 30 + 580 + 70

this is Chapter One page 11 WHOLE NUMBERS 1

3. Copy and complete each calculation :-
a 67 b 59 c 46 d 72
– 3 – 8 – 7 – 6

e 83 f 48 g 65 h 93
– 5 – 9 – 7 – 6

i 18 j 250 k 320 l 450

– 9 – 7 – 9 – 60

m 270 n 600 o 830 p 920

– 80 – 40 – 90 – 30

4. Set these down in a similar way (or try them mentally) :-

a 39 – 6 b 58 – 7 c 42 – 6 d 31 – 7

e 70 – 8 f 94 – 9 g 63 – 10 h 72 – 5

i 260 – 40 j 490 – 50 k 320 – 60 l 510 – 90

m 720 – 80 n 610 – 60 o 930 – 50 p 700 – 30

5. a A tram in Melbourne has 37 passengers on board.

At the next stop, 8 passengers get off.
At the stop after that, 5 passengers get on.
How many passengers are now on the bus ?

b It is 46 metres across from one bank of

a river to the other.
Jamie swam out 8 metres from one bank
before losing his trunks.
How far was he from the other bank ?

c Sandy saved up £170 and Lynsey saved £90.

i How much had they saved altogether ?
ii How much more had Sandy saved than Lynsey ?

this is Chapter One page 12 WHOLE NUMBERS 1

 d The ACE Company’s factory is 230 metres high.
The SCOTIA BANK building is 80 metres high.
80 m

How much higher is the ACE building than the

BANK building ?
SCOTIA BANK

e Lucy’s Uncle Ted is 35 years old.

Her Aunt Mary is 6 years younger than Ted.
Her Uncle Arthur is 8 years older than Ted.
i How old is Mary ?
ii How old is Arthur ?
Ted Mary Arthur iii How much older than Mary is Arthur ?

f A bird is flying at a height of 820 metres above ground level.

A hill is 680 metres high. The bird drops by 80 metres.
i What is the bird’s new height ?
ii By how much will the bird now clear the top of the hill ?

g An empty box weighs 360 grams

A tube of toothpaste weighs 80 grams.
What is the total weight of :–
i the box and 1 tube of toothpaste ?
ii the box and 2 tubes of toothpaste ?
iii the box and 5 tubes of toothpaste ?

6. Find the value of the * each time:-

a 6 * b 5 * c 4 * d 3 8
+ 8 + 6 + 9 + *
7 2 6 3 5 8 4 4

e 5 * f 6* g 9* h 8 3
– 7 – 5 – 9 – *
4 4 5 9 8 3 7 6

i 3*0 j 5*0 k 780 l 160

+ 40 + 90 + *0 + *0
4 10 600 820 240

this is Chapter One page 13 WHOLE NUMBERS 1

 m 4*0 n 5*0 o 9*0 p 620
– 30 – 80 – 60 – *0
4 20 4 30 8 60 530

7. a A box should have 36 chocolates inside.

When Lucy looked at the box some were missing.
There were 28 chocolates in the box.
How many chocolates had been taken ?
b The library is 820 metres from my house.
I was walking to the library when I stopped
because I had forgotten my library card.
I was 750 metres from the library.
How far had I walked ?

Triangle Puzzles. 150

In these “Triangles” the number in
the rectangle is found by adding (150 + 60) 210 240 (150 + 90)
the numbers in the 2 circles either
side of it.
60 150 90
(60 + 90)

8. Copy the following number triangles and fill in the missing numbers :–
a 350 b 70 c 540

430 610

80 60 690 80 60

d 490 e 470 f * very

difficult

580 560 530 410 450

140 140

W’Sheet
1·1
this is Chapter One page 14 WHOLE NUMBERS 1
 Topic in a Nutshell

1. What does the 4 stand for in each of these numbers :-

a 407 b 2164 c 5649 d 4287 ?

2. Write these numbers out fully in words :-

a 57 b 321 c 4008 d 7942.

3. Write the following numbers using digits :-

a six hundred and thirty. b four thousand nine hundred.
c three thousand and one. d two thousand five hundred and twenty.

4. Put the following groups of numbers in order, (put the LARGEST first) :-
3087, 3021, 2998, 2415, 3002, 3200, 2899, 3004.

5. The hit “You’ve found that Lovin’ Feeling” was No. 1 in the
charts in 2002. The same record, sung by a different artist,
was a No. 1 hit twenty years before that.
What year was that ?

6. Look at the following scales, gauges and thermometers.

What numbers or temperatures are shown on each :-
A B C D

50 60 700 800

E H
20°C 100°C
0
G
F 60

20 10°C 50°C

40

0°C 0°C

this is Chapter One page 15 WHOLE NUMBERS 1

7. Set down these additions and try them :-
a 33 b 460 c 50 d 90
+8 + 70 220 340
+ 9 + 70

e 57 + 9 f 470 + 50 g 140 + 30 + 80 h 270 + 90 + 42.

8. Set down these subtractions and work out the answers :-

a 59 b 35 c 480 d 530
–6 –7 – 60 – 90

e 47 – 6 f 83 – 9 g 680 – 330 h 810 – 50.

9. Sally has 28 walnuts. She gives 9 of them to her friend Tony.

Her other friend Cindy then hands 4 walnuts to Sally.
How many walnuts does Sally have now ?

10. Joe earns £21 per week for doing a paper round.
Georgie gets £3 less than that for her paper round but
Francis gets paid £5 more than Joe.
a What does Georgie earn ?
b What does Francis earn ?
c How much less than Francis does Georgie earn ?

11. Find the missing value in each of the following.

The missing number is shown as a .

a 3 b 490 c 8 d 310
+9 + 0 – 7 – 0
43 570 75 240

12. I was taking part in a 400 metre race.

One of my running shoes flew off 165 metres
from the finishing line.
How far had I ran before my shoe split ?

this is Chapter One page 16 WHOLE NUMBERS 1

 Chapter 2 Symmetry

Line Symmetry

A shape has a line of symmetry if :– when you fold the shape over the
line the 2 halves exactly match.

Each shape above has a line of symmetry (shown in red).

Exercise 1 W’Sheet
2·1
1. Which of these shapes have a line of symmetry ?
(Write YES or NO for each)
a b

this is Chapter Two page 17 SYMMETRY

 c d

e f

W’Sheet
2. Draw (or trace) each shape carefully into your jotter and mark 2·2
any lines of symmetry.
a b

c d

this is Chapter Two page 18 SYMMETRY

 e f

g h

i j

k l

this is Chapter Two page 19 SYMMETRY

 Some shapes have more than 1 line of symmetry.

A rectangle has 2 lines of symmetry. A square has 4 lines of symmetry.

W’Sheet
2·3
3. How many lines of symmetry does each shape have :–
a b

c d

e f

this is Chapter Two page 20 SYMMETRY

4. Copy each shape as carefully as you can.
Draw in all lines of symmetry using a coloured pencil.
a b

c d

e f

g h

this is Chapter Two page 21 SYMMETRY

 W’Sheet
5. How many lines of symmetry does each of these shapes have :– 2·4

a b c

d e f

g h i

j k l

this is Chapter Two page 22 SYMMETRY

 Making Symmetrical Shapes

If you are given half a symmetrical shape with a line of symmetry shown,
it is fairly easy to draw the other half.

the “other half”

Exercise 2

1. Copy each shape onto squared paper.

Draw the other half using the green line as a line of symmetry.
a b

c d

this is Chapter Two page 23 SYMMETRY

 e f

g h

W’Sheet
2·5
2. These are much harder.
Copy each figure and complete it so that the blue line or blue lines become
lines of symmetry :–
a b c

d e f

this is Chapter Two page 24 SYMMETRY

 Topic in a Nutshell

1. Explain in your own words what is meant by a line of symmetry.

2. Copy each shape in your jotter and mark any lines of symmetry :–
a b c

3. Copy each shape and draw the other half using the red line as
a line of symmetry :-
a b c

4. How many lines of symmetry do each of these shapes have ?

a b c

d e f

this is Chapter Two page 25 SYMMETRY

 Calculators should NOT
Chapter 3 be used anywhere in
Money
this chapter except
in the final exercise.

The Value of Money

Here are the coins

which we use today.

Example 1. 5p is the same as

Example 2. is the same as

Example 3. a Change 450p into £’s and pence - £4 and 50p or £4·50

b Change £1·32 into pence - 132p

Exercise 1

1. How many 1p pieces have the same value as :-

a b c

d e f

g h i

this is Chapter Three page 26 MONEY

2. How many 5p pieces will I receive for :-
a b c

d e f

3. How many 10p pieces should I get for :-

a b c

d e f

Nick has . Jemma has

Altogether they have 35p.

4. What does each pair of children have altogether ?

a Brian and Charlotte

b John and Sadie

c Peter and Anne

5. Lucy bought a packet of gum for 15p.

She found that she only had to use TWO
coins to pay for the gum.
Try to use only TWO coins to pay for the following items.
If you find that TWO is not enough, you may use THREE coins, but no more !
a pencil 6 p b sweets 22p
c comic 30p d milk 70p
e bread 80p f magazine £1·11.

this is Chapter Three page 27 MONEY

6. How many £1 coins should I get for :-
a 300p b 500p c 800p d 900p ?

7. How many 1 pence coins will I receive for :-

a £1 b £5 c £8 d two £2 and three £1 ?

8. Change the following into pounds (£’s) and pence (p) (215 p = £2 and 15p)
a 140p b 247p c 364p d 107p
e 999p f 205p g 36p h 2p.

Add and Subtract Money

Addition and Subtraction

When you add or subtract money, it is important to line up the decimal points.
Examples Addition Subtraction

£0·43 £0·78
43p + 14p 78p – 13p – £0·13
+ £0·14
= 57p = 65p £0·65
£0·57

£2·84 £8·35
£2·84 + £1·52 + £1·52 £8·35 – £5·42 – £5·42
1
= £4·36 £4·36 = £2·93 £2·93
Your teacher
will show you
how to subtract

Exercise 2

1. Write the following as pounds (£’s).

for example :- 2 pounds and 45 pence = £2·45.
a 6 pounds and 13 pence. b 4 pounds and 62 pence.
c 5 pounds and 78 pence. d 3 pounds and 2 pence.
e 29 pence. f 3 pence.

this is Chapter Three page 28 MONEY

2. Copy and complete :-
a £0·45 b £0·62 c £0·66
+ £0·23 + £0·37 + £0·24

d £0·85 e £0·96 f £0·88

+ £0·43 + £0·78 + £0·75

g £1·30 h £1·20 i £3·70

+ £1·50 + £8·80 + £6·60

j £6·24 k £4·90 l £5·35

+ £2·44 + £0·10 + £4·85

m £3·94 n £8·82 o £3·95

+ £7·17 + £4·58 + £9·43

p £7·40 q £7·25 r £3·07

+ £5·90 + £9·75 + £8·94

s £6·60 t £6·87 u £4·08

+ £8·70 + £1·90 + £7·89

3. Copy and complete :-

a £0·50 b £0·80 c £0·95
– £0·30 – £0·20 – £0·45

d £1·00 e £2·00 f £3·00

– £0·65 – £1·45 – £1·85

g £5·40 h £7·90 i £8·75

– £1·10 – £3·60 – £1·75

j £1·50 k £2·80 l £7·62

– £0·48 – £1·35 – £3·47

m n o
£9·82 £12·51 £13·45
– £4·35 – £8·75 – £12·55

this is Chapter Three page 29 MONEY

 4. Ravi bought a can of cola for 55p and a packet of crisps for 32p.
How much did this cost him in total ? (set down like Question 2)

5. Lucy bought a packet of lollies for 37p and paid for it with a 50p coin.
How much change did Lucy get ?

6. Joe paid 87p for a pen. He handed the shopkeeper a £1 coin.

How much change did Joe receive ?

7. Sally spent 80p on her bus fare and 30p on a comic.

a How much did this come to in total ?
b What change did Sally get from a £1 coin and a 50p coin ?

8. Zoheb paid £1·40 for a hamburger and 50p for french fries.
a How much did the burger and fries cost ?
b What change did Zoheb get from a £2 coin ?

9. Nick went to a football match.

He paid £5·20 to get in and bought a programme for £1·50.
a How much was this in total ?
b What change did Nick get from a £5 note and a £2 coin ?

10. Cindy handed over a £5 note to pay for her make-up.

She got a 50p coin and two 10p coins in her change.
a How much was her change ?
b What was the cost of Cindy’s make-up ?

11. Ben buys a cooked breakfast.

Bacon & Eggs £1·25, Mushrooms 40p, Toast 25p and Fresh Orange Juice 80p.
a What is the total cost of Ben’s breakfast ?
b He only has two £1 coins and one 50p coin with him.
Will this be enough ? Explain !

12. Mr Barnes paid £17·88 for fish suppers for his family.
a How much change did he get from a £20 note ?
b Give an example of what coins he might have had in his change.

this is Chapter Three page 30 MONEY

 Mixed Money Problems

Money and the Calculator

4.2 4.02
Be careful with these :-

The amount of money shown The amount of money shown

on this calculator is £4·20 on this calculator is £4·02
(£4 and 20 pence) (£4 and 2 pence)
NOT £4·02

Example Brenda and her mum went swimming.

The cost was £2·64 for mum and £1·38 for Brenda.
What change was left from £5 ?
Answer [Set down £2·64 + £1·38 in your jotter] (now use your calc)
£2·64 + £1·38 = £4·02

[Now show £5 – £4·02 in your jotter] (use your calc again)

£5 – £4·02 = £0·98 change.

W’Sheet
Exercise 3 3·1

1. A service charge is always added to the bills in Cafe Carlo.

Find the total bill in each case :-
a b
CAFE CARLO CAFE CARLO
meal for two = £17·60 a la carte for one = £12·75
service charge = £2·40 service charge = £1·95
Total = Total =

2. Set down each bill and work out the total cost of these items :-
a eggs .................... 80p b apples ............................ 65p
bacon ............ £1·40 oranges ..................... £1·75
cheese .......... £2·30 pears ......................... £2·60
milk ..................... 60p pineapple ................. £3·95
£ £

this is Chapter Three page 31 MONEY

3. Lucy’s mum bought a skirt reduced in a sale by £4·50.
The price of the skirt before the sale was £16·99.
What did Lucy’s mum pay for it in the sale ?

4. Lucy’s mum bought a blouse in the sale.

Sale Price
£12·64
It had been reduced by £2·36.
What was the price of the blouse before
the sale started ?

5. Hamish went to the ice rink.

He hired skates for £1·75 and paid £2·20 to go on the ice.
a How much did it cost Hamish altogether to go ice-skating ?
b Hamish’s grandma gave him four £1 coins to pay for his day out.
How much money did he have left once he had paid for his skating ?

6. Mr James bought two trays of bedding plants costing £6·44 and £9·75.
Calculate :-
a the total cost.
b the change from £20.

7. Pay Desk Jane buys a railway ticket for £6·84

and a £3·98 magazine to read on the train.

a What is the total cost ?

b She had a £20 note to start with.
How much change will she have left ?

8. Lucy’s mum gave her a £5 note and two £1 coins.

If she bought a toy racer for £4·98 and
paid £0·27 for the wrapping paper, how
much had Lucy left ?

9. Trish bought eye make-up for £4·20, hair conditioner for £5·55
and face cream for £3·79.
How much change did Trish get from three £5 notes ?

this is Chapter Three page 32 MONEY

 Topic in a Nutshell

Until Question 11
1. How many 1p pieces will I get for :-
a b c

2. How many 5p pieces should I receive for :-

a b c

3. How many 10p pieces will I receive for :-

a b c

4. How many £1 coins will I get in exchange for :-

a 400p b 700p c 1000p ?

5. How many 1p coins will I get for :-

a £3 b £7 c two £2 and five £1 ?

6. Change the following pence into pounds (£’s) and pence (p) :-
a 120p b 52p c 217p d 903p.

7. Write the following as pounds, (example :- 1 pound and 20 pence = £1·20)

a 4 pounds and 12 pence b 7 pounds and 6 pence
c 41 pence d 9 pence.

this is Chapter Three page 33 MONEY

8. Copy and complete each calculation :-
a £0·25 b £0·44 c £0·97
+ £0·63 + £0·26 + £0·45

d £0·98 e £0·72 f £1·00

– £0·58 – £0·23 – £0·75

g £3·30 h £4·90 i £6·27

+ £1·60 + £3·70 + £2·95

j £2·50 k £5·40 l £7·55

– £1·10 – £2·80 – £5·98

9. Sidney paid £2·70 for a kebab and 90p for vegetables.

a How much did the kebab and vegetables cost in total ?
b What change did Sidney get from a two pound coin and two £1 coins ?

10. Doreen bought an inflatable crocodile in Blackpool. It cost £18·82.

a How much change did she get from a £20 note ?
b List the coins she may have received in her change.

11. A shirt and tie set was reduced in a sale by £8·95.

If the price of the set before the sale was £18·50
what was the price of the shirt and tie during the sale ?

12. Richard found that the price he paid for

his train ticket this week was £0·85 cheaper
than last week.
Richard paid £3·60 this week. What must
the cost of his ticket have been last week ?

13. I set off for my school disco with three £1 coins and a 50p
coin in my purse.
At the disco I bought 2 bottles of water at 75p each,
1 packet of crisps at 34p and a lollipop at 20p.
It also cost me £1·25 to get into the disco.
How much money did I return home with ?

this is Chapter Three page 34 MONEY

 Chapter 4 11 12
Time
1
10 2

9 3

8 4
7 5
6

The Clock Face

It’s
quarter
to 5
The BIG hand on the above
clock points to 9.
The small hand is approaching 5.

The time is “quarter to 5”.

Exercise 1
... o’clock quarter to ...
1. Use these words,
to give the times on the clocks :- half past ... quarter past ...
a 12 b 12 c 12 d 12
11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6

e 12 1
f 12 1
g 12 h 12 1
11 11 11 1 11
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6
0
55 5
12
11 1
50 10
This clock face shows a time 10 2

of “20 past 7”.

45 9 3 15

8 4
40 20
7 5
6
35 25
30
this is Chapter Four page 35 TIME
2. Write down the times on these clock faces :–
a b c d
12 12 12 12
11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6

e f g h
12 12 12 1 11 12
11 1 11 1 11 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6

12
11 1
Usually, times can be given in
more than one way. 10 2

The time on this clock is given as :- 9 3

“3·40” or “20 to 4”.

8 4

3. Write down the times on these 7 5

6
clock faces in 2 ways :–
a b c d
12 12 12 12
11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6

e f g h
12 12 12 1 11 12
11 1 11 1 11 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6

this is Chapter Four page 36 TIME

 The Digital Clock

It was in the 1980’s that z

z
digital clock displays were invented.
10 : 15 z z
z
This display shows a time of
10:15 or quarter past ten.

Exercise 2

1. Write each of the following digital clock times in words :–

a b c d
2 : 30 3 : 45 6 : 15 8 : 50

e f g h
7 : 20 9 : 40 12 : 55 1: 35

2. Draw a small digital clock face for each of these. W’Sheet

Write each of the times in digital form :– 4·1

a b c d
12 12 12 12
11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6

e f g h
12 12 11 12 1 11 12
11 1 11 1 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6

1 1
i to 6 j 20 to 8 k 5 to 6 l past 7
4 2

this is Chapter Four page 37 TIME

3. Write each of the following times in 2 ways :–

a b c d
11 12
12
1 11 1

10 2 10 2

3 9 3
9
8 4
8 4
7 5
7 5 6
6

a.m. and p.m.

Each day is divided into 2 “halves”.

before – noon (ante-meridian (am))

after – noon (post-meridian (pm))

midnight noon midnight

2 am 4 am 6 am 8 am 10 am 2 pm 4 pm 6 pm 8 pm 10 pm

1 am 3 am 5 am 7 am 9 am 11 am 1 pm 3 pm 5 pm 7 pm 9 pm 11 pm

am. pm.

Most people start school at about 9·00 am. 11 12 1

Most people have their tea at about 5·00 pm.
10 2

9 3
The time on the clock opposite shows
8 4
1
“ past 8 at night or 8·15 pm” 7 5
4 6

supper-time

this is Chapter Four page 38 TIME

 Exercise 3

1. Write each of the following times in 2 ways (Remember to use am or pm) :–

a b c d
12 12 12 12
11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1

10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6

in the morning just before lunch bedtime on way to school

e f g 11 12 1 h
6 : 50 10 : 55 10 2 3 : 30
9 3
just after tea morning break school stops
8 4

7 5
6

11 12 1
late at night
11 12 1
i 10 j k l
7 : 05
2

9 3
6 : 20 10 2

9 3
8 4 wake up early film starts
5
at night 8 4
7
6 7 5
6

Sunday morning church coach turns

into pumpkin
2. Write each of the following times using am or pm.
(for example, “8·20 am” or “7·55 pm”) :–
a Nick fell off his bike
at 1 past eight last night.
4

b Ben had a big Maths test which started at

1 to eleven and ended at half past eleven.
4

c My favourite T.V. programme lasts

from twenty five past seven till
twenty to nine and then I go to bed.

this is Chapter Four page 39 TIME

 d I was allowed out to play just after I finished my lunch at ten to one.

e My plane left Edinburgh airport at

ten to seven and arrived in London at
five to 8. I then had breakfast.

f My dentist appointment was just

after school at twenty to four.
I did not get home till twenty
five past five that night.

7: 45 am 7:45 am can be written as “quarter to 8 in the morning”.

3. Write each of the following times out fully :–

(use “in the morning”, “in the afternoon” or “at night”)
a b c d

2 : 30 pm 9 : 45 am 10 :50 pm 6 :10 am

e f g h
11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1

10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6

am pm am am

i j k l
7 :52 pm 11 12 1
11: 55 am
12
11 1
10 2
10 2
9 3
9 3
8 4
8 4
7 5
6 7 5
6

pm
noon

this is Chapter Four page 40 TIME

4. Shown is a bus timetable. Lugden 10:45 am
The bus is at Lugden at Penmure 11:25 am
“quarter to 11 in the morning”. Overton 11:59 am

Write the other 4 bus times Dunure 12:20 pm

out fully in words. Helsby 1:05 pm

5. Make a neat copy of this train timetable.

Bremley —> Adley —> Newton —> Elton —> Findly

9·55 am 11·05 am ........ 2·10 pm ........

a At what time was the train at Bremley ?

b At what time was the train at Adley ?
c The train arrived at Newton at 25 to 2 in
the afternoon.
Write this (using am/pm) in your timetable.
d Write out in words when the train was at Elton.
e The train journey ended at Findly at five to three in the afternoon.
Write this in your timetable (using am/pm).

6. Ravi and his dad arrived at the

Tonight’s
circus at 6·50 pm.
show is at
Were they late or early ? 1
to 7
4

7. EASY-AIR Lucy’s mum is checking her flight times.

Flight Departures The plane for Malaga leaves at 5 to 11
Malaga 10:55 am in the morning.
Palma 11:40 am Write the other
Barcelona 12:35 pm departure times
Ibiza 1:05 pm in a similar way.
Tenerife 2:50 pm
Nice 3:20 pm

this is Chapter Four page 41 TIME

 8. Jane writes lots of times 10 to 1 12 :55 pm
on pieces of card. in the afternoon
Sort out the cards for her. 11 12 1

Copy them out IN ORDER,

:
10 20am 10 2
with the earliest time first. 9 3

1 5 to 10
to 12 8 4
4 in the morning 7 5
in the morning 6
p.m.
noon
8·55 am

latest
8·55am
time
earliest
time
(use am or pm for all your times)

9. Nick was looking at Channel 6’s CHANNEL

CHANNEL 66
T.V. programmes for Tuesday.
3:05 Dosie and Jen (R)
a Dosie and Jen are on at 3:25 Royal Ascot
3:05 (five past 3). 3:50 Count-Up (game show)
Do you think this is in the 4:15 Ace Lightning (film)
afternoon or early morning ? 5:25 Neighbours At Home
5:50 Tea-Time News
b Royal Ascot is on at 25
6:25 Scottish Report
past 3 in the afternoon.
7:05 Six–Alive
Write out the times of the 7:35 Sports Roundup
following programmes fully 8:00 BIG SISTER (live)
in a similar way :– 8:50 News In Brief
i Count–Up 9:00 The Big Banana (film)

ii Neighbours At Home
iii Sports Roundup
iv News In Brief
c Nick was watching Channel 6 at 5 past 4.
Which programme must he have been watching ?
d Which programmes are showing on Channel 6 at :–

i 5:35 pm ii 7:50 pm iii 1 past 8 at night ?

4

this is Chapter Four page 42 TIME

 Time Intervals

0
Let us look at the minute hand of the clock. 55 5
12
There are 60 minutes in 1 hour. 11 1
50 10
minute
If the clock time changes from 10
hand
2

10 past 11 to 25 to 12. 45 9 3 15
25 mins
the hand has moved from :-
8 4
11:10 —> 11:35 40
20
7 5
Can you see that the minute hand 35
6
25
has moved through 25 minutes ? 30

0
Exercise 4 55 5
12
11 1
1. How many minutes is it from :– 50 10
10 2
a 10·30 till 10·45 b 9·25 till 9·45
45 9 3 15
c 8·10 till 8·40 d 7·25 till 7·50
e 3·05 till 3·45 f 4·10 till 4·45 40
8 4
20
g 10·30 till 11·05 h 9·45 till 10·10 ? 7
6
5

35 25
30
2. Gone to Lunch Back at
This sign, outside the library,
11 12
1 11 12
1 showed when the librarian
10 2 10 2 closed for lunch.
9 3 9 3 How long was her lunch break ?
8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5
6 6

3. How many minutes is it from :–

a 8·15 to 8·35 b 10·20 to 10·55 c 7·30 to 8·10

d 9·10 to 9·22 e 7·25 to 7·38 f 6·05 to 6·51 ?

this is Chapter Four page 43 TIME

4. Ben went for a nap. Ben fell 11 12 Ben awoke 11 12
1 1
asleep at
For how long was at
10 2 10 2

Ben asleep ? 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4

7 5 7 5
6 6

5. Tony was training for the London marathon.

8 : 13 8 : 58 He checked his watch before he started his

run and again when he finished.
How long did Tony train for ?
starting finishing
time time

6. Brian’s school lunch-break is from 10 to twelve till 25 to one.

How long does his lunch break last ?

7. The Loch Trindle Paddle Steamer goes round the

loch, calling at different places.
How long did it take the boat Loch Trindle
to travel from :– Paddle Steamer
a The Harbour to Browlie ? Harbour 2:30 pm
Browlie 2:55 pm
b Browlie to Cape Tong ?
Cape Tong 3:10 pm
c The Harbour to Cape Tong ? Port Rush 3:50 pm
d Port Rush to Mendolay ? Mendolay 4:35 pm
Harbour 5:10 pm
e Mendolay to the Harbour ?

8. Lucy left her house at 5·15 pm, and jogged

for 20 minutes to the station.
At what time did she arrive at the station ?

9. Write down the time which is :–

a 15 minutes after 3·40 pm b 25 minutes after 2·25 am
c 40 minutes after 8·50 am d 20 minutes before 6·45 pm

e 1 of an hour before 8·30 am f 1 of an hour after 5·50 pm

4 2
g 50 minutes after 7·05 am h 1 of an hour before 12·00 noon.
2
this is Chapter Four page 44 TIME
10. Part of a rail timetable from Glasgow to New Cumnock is shown.
a Train A leaves Glasgow.
Where does it first stop at ? Train A Train B

b How long did train A take from :– Glasgow 9:53 11:03

Barrhead 10:05 11:15
i Glasgow to Barrhead ?
Dunlop 10:25 11:27
ii Barrhead to Dunlop ? Stewarton 10:29 11:31
iii Kilmarnock to Auchinleck ? Kilmaurs 10:34 11:36
Kilmarnock 11:37 11:41
c How long did train B take from :– Auchinleck 11:55 12:03
i Glasgow to Dunlop ? New Cumnock 11:03 12:11
ii Glasgow to Kilmarnock ?
iii Barrhead to New Cumnock ?

11. Mr Todd’s train leaves the station at 10·05 am.

He leaves his house at 9·25 am.
It takes him 35 minutes to walk to the station.
Will he catch his train if it leaves on time ?

12. Jane left for school at 8·20 am and arrived at 8·53 am.
Lucy left for school at 8·13 am and arrived at 8·49 am.

a How long did Jane take to reach school ?

b How long did Lucy take to reach school ?
c By how many minutes was Lucy slower than Jane ?

13. a It is now 7·45 pm. What was the time 1 hour ago ?

b Lucy’s watch shows 4·20 pm. What was the time 1 an hour ago ?
2

c Mr Duff’s plane left at 9·40 pm.

He had to get to the airport
2 hours before take-off.
At what time did he get there ?
d My boat journey took exactly 4 hours.
If I arrived at my destination at 11·25 pm,
at what time must my boat have left ?

this is Chapter Four page 45 TIME

 Calendars

You should know that there January 2004

are 365 days in a year *. Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3
30 days has September, April, 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
This rhyme helps to
June and November. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
remember the number All the rest have 31, excepting 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
of days in each month. February which has 28 days clear 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
and 29 in each leap year.
* leap years have 366. calendar tab for Jan 2004
They occur every 4 years.

W’Sheet
Exercise 5 4·2

1. a What is the 1st month of the year ?

b What is the last month of the year ?
c Which month comes just after July ?
d Which month comes just before May ?
e Write down all 12 months in the correct order.

2. How many days are there in the month of :–

a January b February c April d June
e August f October g November h December ?

3. What is the :–
a 6th month b 3rd month c 10th month d 8th month ?

The date, 3rd of January 2004 3rd Jan 2004

can be written using 6 digits.
3rd January, 2004 = 03 : 01 : 04 or 03/01/04

day month year

4. Write each of these dates using 6 digits as above :–

a 23rd February 2004 b 19th April 2003
c 22nd July 2004 d 18th August 1997
e 7th June 1985 f 3rd March 1988
g 10th December 2002 h 1st January 2001

this is Chapter Four page 46 TIME

 Topic in a Nutshell

1. Write down the times on these clock faces.

(for example :- “twenty past four”).
a b c d
12 12 12 12
11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6

2. Write down the times on these clock faces in two ways.

For example - “twenty past four” and “4·20”.
a b c d
11 12
12
1 11 1

2 10 2
10
9 3
9 3
8 4
8 4
7 5
7 5 6
6

e f g h
3 : 20 6 : 25 11 : 35 7: 55

3. For each of these clocks, draw a small digital clock face and put in the
correct time in digital form :-
a b c d
12 12 12 12
11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6 6

this is Chapter Four page 47 TIME

4. Write each of the following times in two ways :-
1st way - “half past eight at night”. 2nd way - “8·30 pm”.
*Remember - morning am, afternoon/evening pm.

a 12 b c 12 d
11 1 11 1
10 2 10 2

9 3 2 : 15 9 3 9 : 45
8 4
just after lunch
8 4 mid - morning
7 5 7 5
6 6

in the morning at night

5. Rewrite Charles’ story about his school day, using am/pm style :-
“I got up this morning at quarter past eight.
I arrived at school at five to nine and stopped work
for my break at ten to eleven.
Lunch was at 1 o’clock until ten to two.
I left school at twenty five to four and arrived home
at quarter past four.”

6. 2·30 pm is “half past two in the afternoon” What is :-

a 8·30 pm b 6·15 am c 10·50 am d 11·25 pm ?

7. Make a neat copy of this bus timetable.

Largs Johnstone Paisley Ralston Govan

11·20 am 12·15 pm ........ 12·40 pm ........

a What time did the bus leave Largs ? (answer - “.... in the ...... ”)
b How many minutes after noon did the bus reach Johnstone ?
c The bus arrived at the Paisley boundary at 25 past twelve.
Write this time in your timetable in am/pm form.
d Write out in words the time when the bus reached Ralston.
e The bus arrived in Govan at quarter past one in the afternoon.
Write this time in your timetable in am/pm form.

this is Chapter Four page 48 TIME

 8. How many minutes is it from :-
a 5·10 am till 5·35 am b 7·20 am till 7·55 am
c 3·18 pm till 3·25 pm d 11·02 pm till 11·53 pm
d 11·25 am to noon e 7·15 pm to 9 pm ?

9. It takes Dr Jones 20 minutes to reach the hospital

from his house.
He has to get to the hospital for 9·05 am
What is the latest time he can leave home ?

10. Write down the time which is :-

a 25 minutes after 10·35 am b 20 minutes before 6·15 pm.
c 30 minutes before 2·20 pm d 40 minutes after 4·30 am.

11. What is :-
a the month just after August b the month just before December
c the 4th month of the year d the 11th month
e the 3rd month after May f the month just after December ?

12. How many days are there in the month of :-

a March b June c September d October ?

13. My grandma was born on the 23rd of September, 1918.

That was 23 : 09 : 18.
a Write your date of birth using these two different ways.
b Write today’s date in these two ways.

14. Write out the following dates in full :-

a 22 : 05 : 96 b 01 : 12 : 04.

this is Chapter Four page 49 TIME

 Chapter 5 Whole
Calculators should NOT
be used anywhere in Numbers 2
this chapter unless
you are told to do so.
Multiplication

For this, you really must know your tables.

Revise or learn them NOW - tables must be learned !!

2 x 2= 4 3 x 2= 6 4 x2= 8 5 x 2 = 10
2 x 3= 6 3 x 3= 9 4 x3= 12 5 x 3 = 15
2 x 4= 8 3 x 4 = 12 4 x4= 16 5 x 4 = 20
2 x 5 = 10 3 x 5 = 15 4 x5= 20 5 x 5 = 25
2 x 6 = 12 3 x 6 = 18 4 x6= 24 5 x 6 = 30
2 x 7 = 14 3 x 7 = 21 4 x7= 28 5 x 7 = 35
2 x 8 = 16 3 x 8 = 24 4 x8= 32 5 x 8 = 40
2 x 9 = 18 3 x 9 = 27 4 x9= 36 5 x 9 = 45

6 x 2 = 12 7 x 2 = 14 8 x 2 = 16 9 x 2 = 18
6 x 3 = 18 7 x 3 = 21 8 x 3 = 24 9 x 3 = 27
6 x 4 = 24 7 x 4 = 28 8 x 4 = 32 9 x 4 = 36
6 x 5 = 30 7 x 5 = 35 8 x 5 = 40 9 x 5 = 45
6 x 6 = 36 7 x 6 = 42 8 x 6 = 48 9 x 6 = 54
6 x 7 = 42 7 x 7 = 49 8 x 7 = 56 9 x 7 = 63
6 x 8 = 48 7 x 8 = 56 8 x 8 = 64 9 x 8 = 72
6 x 9 = 54 7 x 9 = 63 8 x 9 = 72 9 x 9 = 81

Find 27 x 6 Find 840 x 9

Put the 6 Put the 9
beneath the 7 beneath the 0

27 8 40
x 6 x 9
1 6 2 7 5 6 0
4 3

this is Chapter Five page 50 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 Exercise 1

1. Copy and complete each calculation :-

a 32 b 51 c 63 d 52
x 6 x 3 x 7 x 4

e 45 f 99 g 48 h 63
x 5 x 2 x 8 x 9

2. Copy and find :-

a 230 b 160 c 530 d 890
x 8 x 6 x 4 x 2

e 370 f 650 g 240 h 720

x 3 x 7 x 9 x 5

3. Set these down in a similar way as shown above and find :-

a 63 x 7 b 74 x 5 c 86 x 4 d 15 x 9
e 290 x 6 f 130 x 8 g 620 x 3 h 780 x 2

4. a What is the cost of 6 tyres if

one tyre costs £38 ?
b A large bag of crisps weighs 45 grams.
What will 8 bags weigh ?
c A snake crawls 72 cm in
one minute.
At the same speed, how far
will it travel in 5 minutes ?
d A small bottle holds
240 millilitres.
How many millilitres are there
in 4 bottles ?
e A space station orbits the moon
every 32 hours.
How long will it take to orbit the
moon 9 times ?
this is Chapter Five page 51 WHOLE NUMBERS 2
 If you DOUBLE a number —> you simply multiply it by 2.
—> double 7 —> 2 x 7 = 14 double 36 —> 2 x 36 = 72

If you TREBLE a number —> you simply multiply it by 3.

—> treble 6 —> 3 x 6 = 18 treble 19 —> 3 x 19 = 57

5. What is :–
a double 9 b double 16 c double 25 d double 47 ?

6. What is :–
a treble 7 b treble 10 c treble 20 d treble 39 ?

In this “funfair” game, you throw 5 10

HOOP-LA
hoops at a board to win prizes. 40

30 35
A green hoop counts SINGLE
50
A blue hoop counts DOUBLE
15 20
A red hoop counts TREBLE 25

7. a What was the score from the green hoop ?

b What was the score from the blue hoop ? (not 50 !)
c What was the score from the red hoop ?
d What was the TOTAL score?

8. For each game, write down the score gained

by each hoop. Now the write down the TOTAL score.
a b c

5 10 5 10 5 10
HOOP-LA HOOP-LA HOOP-LA
40 40 40

30 35 30 35 30 35
50 50 50

15 20 15 20 15 20
25 25 25

this is Chapter Five page 52 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 When playing darts, if a dart lands on :–
double ring treble ring
• double 12 —> you score 2 x 12 = 24
• treble 18 —> you score 3 x 18 = 54
• outer —> you score 25
• bull’s eye —> you score 50

9. a Write down the value of each of the 3 darts.

b What is the TOTAL score for all 3 darts ? outer 25 bull’s eye 50

10. What did each person score here ?

Tom Dick Harry

Jean Alex Karen

this is Chapter Five page 53 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 Division by a Digit

Again, knowing your tables really helps here.

Find 78 ÷ 3 Find 324 ÷ 6

26
54
3 7 18
6 3 22 4

Exercise 2

1. Copy and complete :-

a 1 ... b c d
3 54 4 92 5 75 6 84
2

e f g h
7 91 8 96 9 99 2 94

2. Copy and find :-

a b c d
4 132 6 270 5 710 7 245

e 9 378 f 8 504 g 3 621 h 2 532

i 6 804 j 7 434 k 5 495 l 4 388

There are different ways of asking:- “divide 87 by 3”.

—> 87 divided by 3 3 87 87 ÷ 3
87
3 into 87 3

this is Chapter Five page 54 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 3. Write each of the following in the form 3 87 and do the calculation :-
a 64 ÷ 4 b 6 150 c 95
5
d 2 into 624 e 98 divided by 7 f 276 ÷ 4

g 416 h 9 504 i 3 into 543

8
756
j 500 divided 4 k l 301 ÷ 7
6

4. Show your working in all of the following questions :–

a 4 apples cost 92p.
What is the cost of 1 apple ?
b 6 barrels of apples weigh 186 kg.
What will 1 barrel weigh ?

c To run 5 hundred metres takes Nick 85 seconds.

How long would it take him to run
1 hundred metres at the same pace ?

d I drank 3 cups of tea.

Altogether I drank 192 millilitres.
How many millilitres are there in 1 cup ?

e 8 packets of “Chewit” weigh 360 grams. What will 1 packet weigh ?

f 7 verses of a song are played.

The total time taken is 378 seconds.
How long does each verse last ?

g When I treble my age, the answer comes to 129 years.

How old am I ?

h When Mr Todd worked during Easter Monday,

he got “Double” his normal pay.
Mr Todd earned £152 on Easter Monday.
What is his normal “pay” for a day’s work ?

this is Chapter Five page 55 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 5. A simple way of dividing a number by 6 is to
=> divide by 2, then divide your answer by 3.
a Find 288 ÷ 6 = ....
b Now find 288 ÷ 2 = .... and then find ..... ÷ 3 = .....
Did you get the same answer ?

6. Copy and complete :–

a “To divide by 8, I could divide by 2, then divide by .....”
b “To divide by 9, I could divide by 3, then divide by .....”
c “To divide by 10, I could divide by 2, then divide by .....”

7. Find these by following the instructions :–

a Find 656 ÷ 8 by dividing by 2, then dividing your answer by 4.
b Find 756 ÷ 9 by dividing by 3, then dividing your answer by 3.
c Find 470 ÷ 10 by dividing by 2, then dividing your answer by 5.

Multiplication by 10

A very easy way to multiply a number by 10 is to

simply put a 0 onto the end of the number.

Find 61 x 10 Find 80 x 10 Find 112 x 10

Put a 0 onto
Remember
the end
the 0
112 x 10 = 1120
61 81
x 10 x 10
6 1 0 8 1 0

this is Chapter Five page 56 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 Exercise 3

1. Copy and complete :–

a 31 b 56 c 73 d 90
x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10

e 17 f 117 g 321 h 206

x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10

i 530 j 400 k 605 l 20

x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10

2. Do the following mentally (just write down your answer) :-

a 42 x 10 b 77 x 10 c 10 x 18 d 95 x 10
e 10 x 213 f 185 x 10 g 320 x 10 h 10 x 803

3. a A blank recordable C.D. costs 47p.

What will a box of 10 C.D.’s cost ?

b 1 jar of jam weighs 375 grams.

What will a carton of 10 jars weigh ?

c A farmer plants 10 trees in a row.

How many trees are there in 52 rows ?

d A carton of juice holds 520 millilitres.

How many millilitres are in 10 cartons ?

4. There are 10 millimetres in 1 centimetre.

How many millimetres are there in :–
a 6 cm b 18 cm c 75 cm d 120 cm e 743 cm ?

this is Chapter Five page 57 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 Division by 10

If a number ends in a “0”, a way of dividing it by 10 is to :-

simply remove the 0 at the end of the number.

Remove the
0 at the end Find 560 ÷ 10 Find 2010 ÷ 10 Find 1800 ÷ 10

1800 ÷ 10 = 180
56 201
10 5 6 0 10 2 0 1 0

Exercise 4

1. Copy and complete :–

a 10 270 b 10 940 c 10 1620 d 10 800

e 10 300 f 10 5080 g 10 7200 h 10 6060

i 10 5000 j 10 8000 k 10 1000 l 10 1010

2. Do the following mentally (just write down the answer) :-

a 640 ÷ 10 b 720 ÷ 10 c 1900 ÷ 10 d 10 4200
e 10 6080 f 5600 ÷ 10 g 10 1760 h 1000 ÷ 10

3. There are various ways of writing “divide by 10”.

390 ÷ 10 390
10 390
“10 into 390” 10
1
of 390
10
Find :-

a 580 ÷ 10 b 1 of 710 c 950 d 10 760

10
10
4080 1
e 10 into 900 f g of 6000 h 9050 ÷ 10
10 10

this is Chapter Five page 58 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

4. There are 10 millimetres in 1 centimetre.
0 5 10
How many centimetres are there in :–
a 40 mm b 90 mm c 160 mm d 400 mm e 720 mm ?

5. a 180 tennis balls are packed into boxes of 10.

How many boxes are needed ?

b 640 trees are planted in an orchard.

If there are 10 trees in each row, how
many rows are there ?

c At a party, 300 sweets were shared equally amongst 10 people.

How many sweets did each person get ?

d Bob and his nine pals share 7000 millilitres of juice equally.
How many millilitres will each person receive ?

e A fence has 320 planks of wood.

A tenth of the planks is to be painted brown.
How many planks will be painted brown ?

6. Nick’s uncle Bill left ten thousand pounds in his will.

Nick got a tenth of this amount.
How much did Nick receive ?

7. A tank holds 400 gallons of water.

A barrel holds a tenth of a tank.
A bucket holds a tenth of a barrel.
How many gallons does a bucket hold ?

8. Ben had 2000 marbles in his collection.

He put an equal amount of marbles into 10 boxes.
a How many marbles are in each box ?
Ben then took the marbles from one box and put an
equal amount into 10 bags.
b How many marbles would be in each bag ?
c How many bags will Ben need for his whole collection?

this is Chapter Five page 59 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 Rounding (to the nearest 10)

Look at this number line.

25
The arrow points to the number 27 20 30

• Can you see that 27 lies between 20 and 30 ?

• can you see that 27 is closer to 30 than 20 ?

We say that, “ 27, rounded to the nearest 10, is 30 ”

Rule :– If the last digit is a 1, 2, 3, 4 round DOWN

If the last digit is a 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 round UP

Exercise 5

1. Look at this number line.

45
Copy the following and complete :– 40 50

• 43 lies between 40 and .....

• 43 is closer to ..... than .....
• 43 rounds to ..... (to the nearest 10)

2. Copy and complete :–

• 168 lies between 160 and .....
165 • 168 is closer to ..... than .....
160 170
• 168 rounds to ..... (to the nearest 10)

62
3. Picture in your head, the number 62.
Copy and complete :–
• 62 lies between 60 and .....
• 62 is closer to ..... than .....
• 62 rounds to ..... (to the nearest 10)

this is Chapter Five page 60 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

4. By imagining the following numbers, decide what each one rounds to,
(to the nearest 10) :–
a Lucy finds that 86 lies between 80 and ..... It is closer to .....
b Alex finds that 122 lies between ..... and 130 It is closer to .....
c Alan finds that 257 lies between 250 and ..... It is closer to .....
d Jane finds that 607 lies between 600 and ..... It is closer to .....

A short way of writing “72 rounds to 70 to the nearest 10”

is to simply write 72 —> 70

5. Copy each of the following and round to the nearest 10 :–

a 50
46 —> ...... b 82 —> ...... c 19 —> ...... d 84 —> ......

e 146 —> ...... f 181 —> ...... g 219 —> ...... h 424 —> ......

i 65 —> ...... j 195 —> ...... k 203 —> ...... l 888 —> ......

6. a There were 137 pupils at the school dance.

Round this to the nearest 10.

b It is 432 miles from my home by car to London.

Round this to the nearest 10 miles.

c My bed is 196 cm long.

Round this to the nearest 10 cm.

d When Lucy’s dad stood on the scales, he

weighed 154 pounds.
What is his weight to the nearest 10 pounds ?

e When a “Lottery” win was shared,

each person received 476 dollars.
Round this to the nearest 10 dollars.

this is Chapter Five page 61 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 Estimating (by rounding)

We can round numbers to the nearest 10 to estimate calculations.

is about
is about
Example 1 Example 2

137 + 59 273 – 127

140 + 60 270 – 130
= 200 (approx) = 140 (approx)

Exercise 6

1. Copy and complete each calculation :-

a 58 + 77 b 94 + 86 c 36 + 68 d 137 + 264
is about 60 + 80 is about 90 + .... is about .... + 70 is about .... + ....
= ........ = ........ = ........ = ........

e 131 – 88 f 197 – 133 g 262 – 188 h 493 – 416

is about
is about 130 – .... 200 – .... is about .... – .... is about .... – ....
= ........ = ........ = ........ = ........

i 674 + 188 j 503 – 438 k 819 + 263 l 996 – 599

is about .... + .... is about .... – .... is about .... + .... is about .... – ....
= ........ = ........ = ........ = ........

2. Estimate (mentally):–
a 49 + 33 b 67 + 89 c 63 + 29 d 121 + 101
e 83 – 59 f 154 – 27 g 262 – 98 h 673 – 469

3. Gary had 751 stamps in his collection.

He sold 199 stamps.
Estimate how many stamps he still had.

this is Chapter Five page 62 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 Using a Calculator (You may use a calculator)

In this exercise, you must decide, in each problem, whether to add,

subtract, multiply or divide. You must choose the correct one.

Example 1 Example 2
Ted weighs 196 pounds. One copy of a C.D. costs £17.
Jack weighs 187 pounds.
What is the total cost
How much do they weigh of 12 C.D.’s
together ?
—> You must multiply (12 x £17)
—> You must add (196 + 187)
=> 12 x £17 = £204
=> 196 + 187 = 383 pounds

Exercise 7

In every question, YOU must decide to +, –, x, or ÷.

Write down and show what calculation you are doing.

1. Brian and Sue went shopping with £150.

They spent £117 in one shop.
How much money had they left ?

2. Julie booked a school trip for

herself and 26 pupils.
Each person was charged £185.
What was the total cost for all
of them ?

3. There were 23 men, 37 women,

116 boys and 138 girls on a
Sunday School trip.
How many were on the trip altogether ?
St
Stephen’s
Church

this is Chapter Five page 63 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

4. Alice, Nicola, Julie and Lynne won
£976 each on the Lottery.
How much was this altogether ?

5. A truck weighs 750 kg when empty.

8 cartons are loaded onto the truck.
Each carton weighs 175 kg.
Calculate the total weight.

6. A fence was 525 cm long.

During a winter storm, a section
187 cm long, was blown down.
What length remained standing ?

7. A scientist measured 512 millilitres

of liquid equally into 16 small jars.
How many millilitres are in each jar ?

8. Nick walks from his home to school.

•
school

•
455 m He then walks from school to a shop.
525 m shop He then walks home the other way.

home
• 875 m
How far has he walked altogether ?

9. Lucy bakes trays of chocolate chip

cookies for her School Fayre.
Each tray contains 12 cookies.
How many trays are needed if she
bakes 720 cookies ?

10. Ben was flying his model plane

at a height of 338 metres.
He lost control and the plane
dropped to a height of 97 metres.
By how many metres had the plane
dropped ?
this is Chapter Five page 64 WHOLE NUMBERS 2
11. When a Lottery win was shared equally
among a group of 23 winners, each
person received £475.
What must the total winnings have been ?

12. A grocer was counting the

money in his cash register.
He had seventeen £50 notes,
thirty five £20 notes, eighty seven
£10 notes and forty five £5 notes.
How much cash had he altogether ?

13. There are 365 days in a year.

Harry is exactly 12 years old.
For how many days has Harry
lived (forget Leap Years) ?

14. A cardboard box contains 12 fruit loaves.

The total weight is 4000 grams.
The empty box weighs 880 grams.
a What is the weight of all 12 fruit loaves ?
b What is the weight of 1 loaf ?

15. Jemma practises her times tables for 12 minutes every day.
a How many minutes does she practise every week ?
b How many minutes does she practise in November ?
c How many minutes does she practice in a year ? (365 days)

16. A small carton of soda holds 150 millilitres.

Cartons are put in packs of eight.
A box holds nine packs.
How many millilitres does a box hold ?

17. How many minutes are there in :–

a January b April c June, July and August altogether ?

this is Chapter Five page 65 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 Topic in a Nutshell

1. Set down these multiplications and try them :- Until Question 16

a 21 b 45 c 28 d 34
x6 x7 x9 x8

e 140 f 270 g 310 h 560

x8 x6 x9 x7

i 72 x 6 j 87 x 4 k 64 x 3 l 270 x 5

2. What is the cost of 6 dining room chairs

priced at £39 each ?

3. What is :-
a double 7 b double 36 c treble 30 d treble 28 ?

4. At the funfair we visited earlier :- 5 HOOP-LA 10

40
a green hoop counted as single;
30 35
a blue hoop counted double;
50
a red hoop counted treble. 15 20

a Write the score gained by each hoop. 25

b Add them up to find the total score.

5. Copy these divisions and find the answers :-

a 3 48 b 4 76 c 5 540 d 6 810

e 7 91 f 8 936 g 9 927 h 7 903

405
i 96 ÷ 6 j 9 into 819 k 5
l 104 divided by 8

this is Chapter Five page 66 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

6. 7 bananas cost 98 pence.
Find the cost of one banana.

7. A set of 8 tyres for a lorry cost £512 in total.

Work out the cost of one tyre.

8. Find the answer to :-

a 424 ÷ 8 by dividing by 2, then dividing your answer by 4.
b 648 ÷ 9 by dividing by 3, then dividing your answer by 3.

9. Do the following - just write down the answer :-

a 21 x 10 b 354 x 10 c 500 x 10 d 999 x 10
e 320 ÷ 10 f 1700 ÷ 10 g 7840 ÷ 10 h 9000 ÷ 10

10. Envelopes can be bought in a box containing 520 envelopes.

An office buys 10 boxes. How many envelopes will it have ?

11. There are 10 millimetres in 1 centimetre.

How many millimetres are there in :-
a 3 cm b 47 cm c 800 cm d 584 cm ?

12. A grocer has 150 eggs which he places

into boxes, each containing 10 eggs.
How many boxes will he fill ?

13. A chest contains 300 melons.

A display box can take a tenth of a chest.
A supermarket bag can hold a tenth of a display box.
How many melons can a supermarket bag hold ?

14. Round these numbers to the nearest 10 :-

a 14 b 69 c 563 d 855.

15. Round each number to the nearest ten, then do the calculation :-
a 67 + 31 b 59 – 38 c 829 + 111 d 998 – 399.

this is Chapter Five page 67 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 You may use a Calculator for the last five questions

16. Jane and bill bought a DVD/Video player for £137.

They paid for it with two £100 gift vouchers.
How much change did they get ?

17. The coach driver went in with 18

senior citizens to the cinema.
The total cost of £57 for the outing
was split equally amongst everyone.
What did it cost the coach driver ?

18. Dana bought :-

5 hamburgers at 99p each
6 cokes at 48p each
8 slices of pizza at 65p each.
How much did all this cost her altogether ?

19. A fridge can hold 6300 millilitres of orange juice.

The fridge will hold seven packs of juice.
There are six cartons in each pack.
How many millilitres does each carton of orange
juice contain ?

20. A small bottle holds 125 millilitres of soda.

A box holds 12 bottles.
SODA
125 ml
A case holds 6 boxes.
A crate holds 10 cases.
How many millilitres of soda are in a full crate ?

this is Chapter Five page 68 WHOLE NUMBERS 2

 Chapter 6
Calculators should NOT Statistics
be used in this chapter
unless told to do so.

Tally Marks & Tables

Tally Table Putting a long list of numbers into a table or graph can
make it easier to understand the information in the list.
Example
Pupils were asked where they U.S.A Spain Italy UK
liked to go on holiday. Italy Spain Spain Spain
France Italy France France
The table shows their answers.
Spain France USA UK
Put the information UK UK Italy France
into a tally table. Spain Spain UK UK

Place
Place Tally
Tally Number
Total number
U.S.A
U.S.A ll ll 22 2 pupils chose USA.
Italy
Italy ll ll ll ll 44 4 pupils chose Italy.
France
France ll ll ll ll 55 5 pupils chose France.
Spain
Spain ll ll ll ll ll ll 77
U.K.
U.K. ll ll ll ll ll 66 The tally marks are
in groups of five.
(Easier to count a
lot of tally marks).

Exercise 1

1. Look at the tally table above.

a How many pupils chose Spain ?
b How many pupils chose U.K. ?
c How many more pupils chose Spain than U.S.A. ?
d How many pupils were asked altogether ?

this is Chapter Six page 69 STATISTICS

2. Use tally marks to represent each number :–
Remember to group in five. ( l l l l l ) represents 6.

a 7 b 5 c 4 d 8
e 9 f 10 g 12 h 17.

3. Pupils were asked to name their favourite drink.

Cola Irn Bru Cola Lemon

Orange Irn Bru Irn Bru Irn Bru
Water Cola Orange Orange
Lemon Orange Water Irn Bru
Irn Bru Lemon Cola Orange
Irn Bru Irn Bru Lemon Lemon
Water Irn Bru Lemon Irn Bru

a Copy and complete the tally table.

Drink
Place Tally
Tally Number
Total number
b How many pupils chose Orange ? Cola
U.S.A ll 2
c What was the most popular drink ? Orange
Italy l l l lMake a copy
4

d How many more pupils chose Water

France l l l lof this table
5
Irn Bru than Cola ? Spain
Irn Bru llll ll 7

e How many pupils were asked to name U.K.

Lemon llll l 6
their favourite drink ?

4. Each year, teachers voted for the best behaved primary class.

P1 P4 P7 P5 P2 P4 P4 P5
P5 P6 P2 P6 P5 P7 P5 P5
P5 P5 P7 P2 P4 P4 P5 P5

a Copy and complete the Tally table. Class Tally Number

b How many teachers voted for :– P1
P2
i P2 ii P3 iii P4 ?
c Which primary class was voted the best behaved ?
d How many teachers voted ?

this is Chapter Six page 70 STATISTICS

5. Pupils were asked to name their favourite season.

Winter Summer Spring Summer Spring

Spring Winter Summer Spring Spring
Summer Summer Spring Summer Summer
Autumn Summer Winter Summer Summer
Winter Summer Summer Summer Autumn
Summer Spring Summer Winter Summer

a Make a Tally table to show this information.

b How many more pupils chose Spring than Autumn ?
c What was the most popular season ?

6. Shown are the number of pupils

in each class in a school.

20 18 23 23 20 25
19 20 19 21 23 18
18 22 23 23 18 18
20 22 23 23 23 20

a Copy and complete the tally table.

Pupils Tally Number
b How many classes are in the school ?
18
c Use a calculator to find how 19
many pupils are at the school.

7. Thirty six packets of sweets are opened.

The number of sweets in each packet is shown in the table.

8 10 7 12 11 9 8 9 9 10 11 10
9 10 11 10 11 8 10 10 11 12 8 10
12 10 11 9 11 11 10 11 10 9 8 7

Make a Tally table to show this information.

8. Do a survey with twenty of your friends or family.

Decide what you want your survey to be about first (you decide !)
Make a tally table to show your information.
this is Chapter Six page 71 STATISTICS
Pictographs

A graph can be made using pictures (a pictograph).

The graph must have a key which explains what each picture stands for.
Example
The pictograph below shows the number of primary 3 pupils
who attended a lunchtime computer club.
The key shows that each
Key: stands for 2 pupils.
man represents 2 pupils.
On Monday 6 pupils attended.
Mon
Mon (Can you see that the
Tue answer is NOT 3 ?)
Tue

Wed
Wed On Tuesday 9 pupils
attended.
Thu
Thu
(Can you see why the
Fri
Fri answer IS 9 ?)

Exercise 2

1. Look at the pictograph above.

a How many pupils attended on
i Wednesday ii Thursday iii Friday ?
b How many pupils attended altogether ?

2. This pictograph shows the number

of people waiting at a bus stop. 1pm
Mon

2pm
Tue
Key: stands for 2 people.
3pm
Wed
Write down the number of
4pm
Thu
people waiting at :-
a 1 pm b 2 pm c 3 pm 5pm
Fri

d 4 pm e 5 pm.

this is Chapter Six page 72 STATISTICS

3. This pictograph shows the number of goals scored by a team each month.

Aug Key: stands for 4 goals.

Mon

Sept
Tue

Oct
Wed

Nov
Thu

Dec
Fri

a Write down how many goals were scored each month.

b What was the team’s worst month ?
c How many goals did the team score altogether from August to December ?

4. The number of competitors in each event at the sports day is shown.

a Look at the key.
Key: stands for 5 people.
How many people does
stand for ?
b Write down how many High
Mon Jump
competitors took part
in each event. Long
Tue Jump

c How many people took part 100 m

Wed
in a jumping competition ?
Thu200 m
d How many competitors took
part altogether ? Fri800 m

5. This table shows the numbers of competitors last year.

High Jump Long Jump 100 m 200 m 800 m

5 10 25 24 16

Make a pictograph to show this information.

(Use the same key as that used in question 4).

this is Chapter Six page 73 STATISTICS

Bar Graphs

Bar graphs are like Pictographs but they use bars instead of pictures.
You must read the numbers on the lines to find the total of each bar.
Example
This bar graph shows the number of pets owned by Primary 5.

Mice

Snakes

Cats

Fish

Dogs

5 10 15 20

Can you see that :– 10 mice are owned by Primary 5 ?

6 snakes are owned by Primary 5 ?

Exercise 3

1. Look at the bar graph above.

a How many cats are owned by primary 5 ?
b How many fish are owned by primary 5 ?
c How many dogs are owned by primary 5 ?
d How many pets are owned by primary 5 altogether ?

2. This bar graph shows

the number pets owned Mice
by Primary 7. Snake
Cat
a Write down the number of
Fish
each type of pet owned.
Dog
b How many pets are owned
by primary 7 altogether ? 5 10 15 20

this is Chapter Six page 74 STATISTICS

3. This bar graph shows the number of drink bottles sold at the school tuck shop.
a How many bottles of Lemon
lemon were sold ? Irn Bru
(Answer is NOT 4)
Cola
b Write down how many Water
bottles of each type of Orange
drink were sold.
10 20 30 40
c How many more bottles of Irn Bru
were sold than Orange ?
d How many bottles were sold altogether ?

Most bar graphs have bars that go up (vertical).

4. Packets of crisps were

CRISP SALES
sold at the tuck shop one day. 12

The bar graph shows 10

what type were sold. No. of 8

crisp 6
Can you see that 6 packets packets 4
of salt crisps were sold ? 2
0
Salt Cheese Beef Chicken Onion
a Write down the
Flavour
number of :–
i Cheese sold ii Beef sold
iii Chicken sold iv Onion sold.
b How many more packets of Cheese were sold than Beef ?
c How many packets of crisps were sold in total ?

5. The bar graph shows the number SPORT DAY COMPETITIONS

of pupils taking part in sports 14
day competitions. 12
10
a Write down the number of No. of 8
pupils who took part in each Pupils 6
type of sport. 4
2
b How many pupils in total
100 m 200 m 800 m Long High
took part in the sports day ?
Jump Jump
Sports

this is Chapter Six page 75 STATISTICS

6. Pupils were asked their FAVOURITE COLOUR
favourite colour. 28
24
The bar graph shows the results. 20
No. of 16
a Write down how many
Pupils 12
pupils chose each colour.
8
b How many pupils were 4
asked in total ? Blue Red Green Black Purple
Colour

7. Pupils were asked to name their favourite T.V. sport.

The results are listed in the table shown.
Favourite T.V. Sport
Tennis - 8
14
Football - 14 12
10
Golf - 10 No. of 8
Pupils 6
Snooker - 2
4
Darts - 4 2

Tennis Football Golf Snooker Darts

Copy and complete the bar Sport
graph using the table above.

8. Pupils were asked to name their favourite schoolday. Monday - 10

The results are shown in the table. Tuesday - 2
Wednesday - 6
Make a bar graph to show this information.
Thursday - 11
(Remember to have a title and headings).
Friday - 13

9. The table shows a survey asking people to name their favourite ice-cream.

Vanilla - 16 Choco - 20 Toffee - 4

Berry - 28 Mint - 12 Coffee - 10

Make a bar graph to show this information.

10. Carry out a survey of your own. Make a bar graph to show your results.

this is Chapter Six page 76 STATISTICS

 Reading Tables

Exercise 4

1. The table shows the number of miles Terry cycled each day.
a How many miles did Terry cycle on Monday ? DAY miles
b How many miles did Terry cycle on :– Monday 7

i Tuesday Tuesday 6

ii Wednesday Wednesday 4
Thursday 10
iii Thursday
Friday 3
c How many miles did Terry cycle altogether ?

2. Mr and Mrs Todd had a meal in the “Feast of Delights” restaurant.

The table shows what both of them ate.
a What did Mrs Todd
have for starter ?
Starter Main Sweet
b What did Mr Todd
Mr T Prawns Steak Ice-cream
have for his main
course ? Mrs T Soup Fish Cake

c Write down what each person had for their sweet.

3. Terry, the paper boy, delivers two

Fri Sat Sun
different newspapers over a weekend.
Times 15 17 22
The table shows the number Daily 18 24 24
of newspapers he delivered.
a How many Times newspapers did Terry deliver on :–
i Friday ii Saturday iii Sunday ?
b How many Daily newspapers did he deliver each day ?
c How many newspapers did Terry deliver on Friday ?
d How many newspapers did Terry deliver altogether :–
i on Saturday ii on Sunday iii over the 3 days ?

this is Chapter Six page 77 STATISTICS

4. The school SPORTS DAY has a
Starting Where it
timetable as shown. Competition
Times takes place
a What time does the
Javelin competition start ? 1pm 100 m race Track
1.30pm Javelin Football park
b Where does the Gymnastics
competition take place ? 2pm Gymnastics Games Hall
2.30pm 200 m race Track
c Ben is at the Track at 2.30pm.
What is he watching ?
d At what time and where will
the 100 m race take place ?

5. The local cinema times are

shown in the advert. 5 pm 7 pm 9 pm

Can you see that Studio 2 at Studio 1 Catlady Batgirl Supermum

9 pm is showing Batgirl ? Studio 2 Catlady Supermum Batgirl
a Write what film Studio 3 Batgirl Catlady Batgirl
is showing in :–
i Studio 1 at 5 pm
ii Studio 3 at 7 pm
iii Studio 2 at 5 pm.
b List where and at what times I could see Supermum.

6. The table shows the prices

1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks
of holidays.
a How much would it Majorca £200 £250 £275 £300
cost to got to :– Tenerife £225 £325 £350 £400

i Majorca for 2 weeks Zante £240 £290 £390 £450

ii Zante for 3 weeks

iii Tenerife for 4 weeks

b Sally spent £290 on her holiday.

Where did Sally go and for how long ?
c Jack and Jill went to Majorca for 1 week.
What was the total cost ?
this is Chapter Six page 78 STATISTICS
 Topic in a Nutshell

1. A group of children were asked -

“What would you like to be when you grow up ?”

Model Teacher Artist Bus Driver Teacher

Teacher Artist Lawyer Model Model
Model Teacher Teacher Teacher Model
Teacher Bus Driver Bus Driver Teacher Bus Driver
Teacher Model Lawyer Lawyer Bus Driver
Model Teacher Lawyer Teacher Lawyer

a Copy and complete the tally table. Job Tally Number

b How many children chose Bus Driver ? Model

Teacher
c What was the least popular job ?
Artist
d How many more children chose Bus Driver
teacher than model ? Lawyer

2. The pictograph shows the result

Chinese
of the survey - Mon
“What kind of food do you like ?” Indian
Tue

Key: stands for 8 people Italian

Wed

Thu
French
a What kind of food was most popular ?
b Write down the number of people Fri
British
who liked the food of :-
i China ii India iii Italy iv France v Britain.
c How many fewer people preferred Italian to French food ?
d How many people took part in the survey ?

3. This table shows the fruit preferred by a primary 5 class.

Pear Strawberry Apple Orange Grape

8 6 10 1 5

Make a pictograph to show this information using you own key.

this is Chapter Six page 79 STATISTICS

4. Children at a leisure centre were asked to name their favourite drink.
The results are shown in the bar graph below.
a How many children chose :–
Favourite Drink
i cola 14
ii lime 12
iii lemon ? 10
No. of
8
b How many more children Children
6
preferred orange to pear ?
4
c How many children were 2
asked in this survey ?
cola pear orange lime lemon
Drinks

5. The table shows a survey asking people to name their favourite

sportswear label.
Nocku

Nocku Nocku Kappi Speedo Adiddo Kappi Kappi

Speedo Nocku Adiddo Ombra Nocku Nocku Nocku
Adiddo Kappi Adiddo Speedo Ombra Nocku Nocku
Kappi Adiddo Kappi Ombra Nocku Nocku Kappi

Draw a bar graph to show this information. (Tally marks might help).
(Use the same scale as in Q4 - remember to label your diagram
and give it a name.)

6. Cinema ticket prices are shown in the table. Mon – Thu Fri – Sun
a How much would it cost for :- Adult Child Adult Child
i one adult stalls Stalls £8 £4 £10 £5
ticket on Monday ?
ii one child circle Circle £7 £3 £8 £4
ticket on Saturday ?
iii Two adult upper Upper
£6 £2 £7 £3
circle tickets on Friday ? Circle

b Mr Percy and his daughter went to the cinema. It cost him £15.
Name which days he could have gone and where they sat in the cinema.

this is Chapter Six page 80 STATISTICS

 Chapter 7 Number
Number
Machines
Machines

Number Machines

A number machine (or function machine) in

is the name for a mathematical rule which
changes one number into another.

Example : The number machine below takes

a number IN one side doubles it out
and pushes the answer OUT the
other side.

IN double OUT

Jane put IN the number 6 :–

6 double 12 12 comes OUT

Exercise 1

1. What number will come OUT of each number machine :-

a b
4 double ? 12 double ?

2. These number machines add 3 to any number put IN.

What number will come OUT in each of these machines :-
a b
6 + 3 ? 21 + 3 ?

this is Chapter Seven page 81 NUMBER MACHINES

3. What number will come OUT of each number machine :-
a b
5 + 6 ? 10 – 2 ?

c d

8 x 3 ? 8 ÷ 2 ?

e f
11 + 10 ? 20 – 13 ?

g h

7 x 5 ? 50 ÷ 10 ?

i j

14 + 23 ? 73 – 16 ?

4. Look at this number machine.

What number comes OUT IN + 5 OUT
when you put IN the number :–
a 1 b 12 c 50 d 115 e 995 ?

5. Lucy makes up this number machine.

(Read the question carefully).
What number does Lucy put IN to get
the following numbers OUT :- IN + 2 OUT
a 6 (the answer is NOT 8)
b 7 c 12 d 50 ?

this is Chapter Seven page 82 NUMBER MACHINES

 6. Look at the two number machines below.
Machine A Machine B

IN + 8 OUT IN x 3 OUT

a What number comes out when 7 is put into machine B ?

b What comes OUT when these numbers are put IN :–
i 5 into machine A ii 9 into machine B
iii 0 into machine B iv 54 into machine A ?
c What number is put IN when these numbers come OUT :–

i 20 out of machine A ii 12 out of machine B

iii 45 out of machine B iv 107 out of machine A ?

7. A number in this number

machine is missing. 5 x... 20
What is the missing number ?

8. Write down the missing number in each machine below :–

a b
4 x... 28 3 x... 27

c d
18 ÷... 6 15 +... 20

e f
8 –... 7 24 .... 22

g h
5 .... 17 24 .... 7

this is Chapter Seven page 83 NUMBER MACHINES

9. Look at the cost of these sweets.
no of sweets cost (p)
1 9p
2 ....p
3 ....p
4 ....p
1 sweet 2 sweets 3 sweets 5 ....p
9p 18p 27p 6 ....p

a Copy and complete the table.

b Copy and complete the number IN x... OUT
machine for the number of sweets
and the cost.
c Use the number machine to find the cost of 12 sweets.

10. Each pupil in a class is given 4 pencils.

a Copy and complete the table below :–

No. of pupils 1 2 3 4 5 6
No. of pencils 4 8 ... ... ... ...

b Copy and complete the number machine

to show how many pencils are needed IN x... OUT
if you know the number of pupils.
number
c Use your number machine to find of pupils
the number of pencils needed for
a class of 30 pupils.

11. The cost of a cake is £2·50.

a Make a number machine similar to that in
question 10 to show the cost of any number
of cakes.
b Use your number machine to find the cost of :–
£2·50
i 4 cakes ii 10 cakes.

this is Chapter Seven page 84 NUMBER MACHINES

 Combined Number Machines

Combined number machines have two or more parts.

Example :

IN x 2 + 3 OUT

combined number machine

Jane put the number 5 IN this machine. She got 13 OUT.

She put the number 7 IN. She got 17 OUT.

Exercise 2

1. Look at the number machine above.

What number comes OUT if Jane put IN :–
a 6 b 10 c 1 d 12 e 0?

2. Look at this combined number machine.

IN x 5 + 1 OUT

What number comes OUT when we put IN :–

a 2 b 5 c 7 d 20 e 0?

3. Write down the number that comes OUT of each machine :–

a
7 + 5 x 2 OUT

b
15 ÷ 3 + 4 OUT

this is Chapter Seven page 85 NUMBER MACHINES

 c
3 x 3 - 5 OUT

d
10 ÷ 5 – 2 OUT

e
3 + 3 x 4 OUT

f
0 x 7 + 1 OUT

4. Shown are two combined number machines.

Machine A ..... IN x 3 + 1 OUT

Machine B ..... IN x 2 + 5 OUT

a What number comes out when 7 is put into machine A ?

b What comes OUT when these numbers are put IN :–

i 5 into machine A ii 6 into machine B
iii 0 into machine B iv 10 into machine A ?

c What number is put IN when these numbers come OUT :–

i 31 out of machine A ii 15 out of machine B

d A number is put into both machines. The same answer comes out.
What number must have been put IN ? (* very difficult)

this is Chapter Seven page 86 NUMBER MACHINES

 Algebra and Number Machines

Jane puts letters into this number machine.

IN x 3 OUT

She puts IN the letter a. OUT comes a times 3 .... this is written as 3a.
She puts IN the letter k. OUT comes k times 3 .... this is written as 3k.

Exercise 3

1. Use the number machine above.

What comes OUT when Jane puts IN the letter :–
a y b p c h d t?

2. Look at this number machine.

What comes OUT if Jane puts in :– IN x 5 OUT
a x b y c k?

3. Write down what comes OUT in each number machine below :–

a b
a x 6 OUT x x 2 OUT

c d

y x 8 OUT k x 15 OUT

e f

x + 3 OUT y – 5 OUT

this is Chapter Seven page 87 NUMBER MACHINES

Topic in a Nutshell
 Topic in a Nutshell

1. Write down the number that comes OUT of each number machine :–
a b
2 + 8 ? 15 ÷ 3 ?

2. Look at this number machine.

a What number comes OUT IN – 8 OUT

when you put IN the number :–

i 12 ii 50 iii 8 iv 107 ?

b What number is put IN if the number OUT is :–

i 10 ii 20 iii 8 iv 78 ?

3. One pizza costs £3.

a Write down a number machine to show how
to find the cost if you know the number
of pizza’s.
b Use your number machine to find the
cost of eight pizza’s.

4. Write down the number that comes OUT of each number machine :–
a
4 x 4 + 1 OUT

b
3 x 5 – 5 OUT

5. A number is put IN both number machines in question 4.

The same answer comes OUT both times.
What number must have been put in both machines ?

this is Chapter Seven page 88 NUMBER MACHINES

 Chapter 8 Two
Dimensions

2 Dimensions

Shapes which are drawn on paper or on a 2-Dimensions

blackboard or interactive whiteboard are called 2-D
FLAT shapes or 2-DIMENSIONAL shapes.

Examples :-

circle
triangle
kite
rectangle pentagon

Exercise 1

1. Look at the figures drawn below :-

A B C D

G I
F
E
H

J M
L
K

a Which of them are 2-dimensional shapes ?

b Make a neat sketch of each 2-dimensional shape - write its name beside it.
c There are FIVE 3-dimensional shapes (solid shapes). Can you name them ?
d Shape F is a 1-dimensional shape. Which other shape is 1 dimensional ?

this is Chapter Eight page 89 2-DIMENSIONS

2. Look at this shape.
a Name this type of shape.
b How many edges does it have ?
c How many corners does it have ?

3. Write down how many edges and corners each shape below has :–
a b c d

4. This 3 dimensional shape is called a CUBOID.

a How many faces has it ?
b What shape is the blue face ?
c What shape is the red face ?

5. This shape is called a square based Pyramid.

a What shape is the bottom face ?
b What shape is the red face ?

6. a Name this shape.

b What shape is the green face ?
c What shape is the pink face ?

7. Look at these shapes found in everday life.

Write down the 2 dimensional shapes (squares, circles, triangles, ........)
that you think are in each shape.

c
a
b d e
this is Chapter Eight page 90 2-DIMENSIONS
8. Shown below are small rough sketches of 2-dimensional shapes.
Use a ruler to make accurate full sized drawings of each shape.
a b c

3 cm 6 cm 6 cm
5 cm

7 cm
5 cm 4 cm

d e f
1 1 cm 5 cm
2 2 1 cm
2
6 1 cm
2
5 cm 7 cm

Tiling

Look at this simple shape.

square

Can you see that if you have lots

of these squares, you could fit
them together and cover your
jotter with them ?
A shape which can cover a page (with no gaps) is said to
“Tile the Page” [cover it].

W’Sheet
8·1
Exercise 2 (You will need 1
2
cm squared paper for this exercise)

1. a In your jotter, draw the square

and colour it in.
b Now, surround your square with 8 more of these 3 boxes
squares to show how it “tiles” the page.
3 boxes
c Colour these squares using different colours.

this is Chapter Eight page 91 2-DIMENSIONS

2. a In your jotter, draw this rectangle
and colour it in.
2 boxes
b Surround your rectangle with other
identical rectangles to show how it 5 boxes
“tiles” the page.
c Colour these rectangles using different colours.

3. a This time, draw a triangle 2 boxes wide and

4 boxes high and colour it.

4 boxes b Show how to “tile” the paper by surrounding

it with identical triangles.
(Some will have to be upside down).
2 boxes
c Colour these in and create a nice pattern.

4. a Copy this diamond shape onto

squared paper and colour it in.
(Do you know the mathematical 4 boxes
name for this shape ?
hint :– it starts with rh..........)
6 boxes
b Show how to tile the paper with
this shape and colour your pattern.

5. This L-shape is harder to tile.

a Make a neat copy of this L-shape
and colour it in. 4 boxes

b Show how the shape can “tile”

the paper completely surrounding 4 boxes
it with identical tiles.

6. Draw this T-shaped tile and show how to

tile the page by completely surrounding
it with similar tiles.

this is Chapter Eight page 92 2-DIMENSIONS

7. a Draw this “kite” shaped tile.
b Show that it will tile by
surrounding it completely 6 boxes
using identical tiles.

4 boxes

8. Hard !! Show how to tile part of

your page with these H-tiles.
Colour your drawings.

9. Ask your teacher if you can draw 1 or 2 of the shapes from

Questions (1) - (7) on 1 cm paper and display the best drawings.

10. Look at each shape below.

Which shapes would make good tiles (write yes or no) :–
a b c d

e f g h

i j k l

this is Chapter Eight page 93 2-DIMENSIONS

 Circles

The CIRCLE is the most perfect

of all mathematical shapes.
diameter
It has lots of lines of symmetry
centre
and looks the same no matter
which way you view it. radius

The RED line right through the centre

is called the diameter of the circle.

The BLUE line from the centre to the

edge is called the radius of the circle.

Exercise 3

1. Make a list of 10 objects, in the classroom, outside or at home which

are circular.
(Circular means “in the shape of a circle”).

2. a Use a 2 pence or 10 pence coin to draw

round and form a circle.
diameter
b Draw a line through its centre and write
in the word “diameter”.
c Measure the diameter of your circle (in mm).

3. a Use a coin and a ruler to draw this pattern.

b Colour your shape.

c Measure and write down the length and the breadth of your shape.

this is Chapter Eight page 94 2-DIMENSIONS

4. Use your coin and a ruler to draw this
triangular shape and colour it in.
(Hint - draw the circles first)

5. Create this shape using 4 circles.

6. Draw half-way round your coin to

create this pattern formed from
2 “half” circles and a rectangle.

7. This one is quite difficult

to make.
It is made from 3 half-circles
and a rectangle.
Try it.

8. Now try to create 2 or 3 different patterns of your own using circles or

half circles and show your teacher.

9. Find a large circle (a lid, cup) and create various patterns by drawing
round the circles.
Show these to your teacher – you may like to redraw the best onto card
and display them.

Optional :– It is possible to draw larger circles using a pin, a piece of string

(wool or thread) and a pencil.
You will need a drawing pin and a short piece of string for this.
(See next page)

this is Chapter Eight page 95 2-DIMENSIONS

10. a Form a small loop at both
ends of the piece of string.
b Push the pin through one
loop and hold it against
the piece of paper.
(do not push the pin too hard
or you may damage the surface)
c Put the pencil point through the other
loop and carefully draw round the pin.
(keep the string tight at all times)
– you should have drawn a fairly neat circle. radius

d Draw a line from the centre to the edge

and write the word RADIUS beside it.

11. By shortening the string a little, try to

create this “ring shape” and colour it in.

12. Try to create this “bulls eye” pattern.

Using Compasses

A special mathematical instrument

used to draw circles is called a
“pair of compasses”.
By placing the point firmly on your
jotter and lightly rotating the pencil,
perfect circles can be created.

this is Chapter Eight page 96 2-DIMENSIONS

Exercise 4 (You will need a pair of compasses and a ruler here)

1. Set your compasses so that the

distance from the sharp point to
the pencil point is 3 centimetres.
(this is called the RADIUS of the circle)
a Draw a neat circle with
radius 3 cm.
b Draw in the radius and
mark it with 3 cm.
0 1 2 3 4 5
c Colour in your circle.

2. Use your compasses to draw a circle with radius 6 cm.

3. Try to draw this set of circles.

2 cm 3 cm 4 cm 5 cm

4. Use your compasses and your ruler to

draw this half circle.
(what radius must you use ?)
Colour your half circle.

•
8 cm
(it is called a semi-circle
– semi means half)

5. Use your compasses to draw

this quarter circle.
6 cm

6 cm

this is Chapter Eight page 97 2-DIMENSIONS

6. Try to draw each of the following shapes accurately and colour them in.
a b

3 cm 3 cm

3 cm 3 cm 2 cm
4 cm

6 cm
3 cm 3 cm

3 cm 3 cm

c 8 cm d

4 cm 4 cm 4 cm
6 cm

• 4 cm

e f

• •
2 cm 2 cm 2 cm 2 cm

7. a Set your compasses to a radius

of 4 cm and draw a whole circle.
b Keep the radius of 4 cm - put the compass
point at P and draw the part
circle (blue).
It meets the big circle at Q.
Q
c Now move your compass point to Q and repeat.
d Repeat until you have drawn this shape and colour it. P

8. Re-draw some of the above shapes on card and create your own designs
to make a display.

this is Chapter Eight page 98 2-DIMENSIONS

 Topic in a Nutshell

1. Listed below are eight mathematical shapes.

Write down the four which are 2–dimensional.
Circle Cube Rectangle Sphere Kite Pentagon Pyramid Line.

2. Look at this shape.

a Name the shape.
b How many edges does it have ?
c How many corners does it have ?

3. Think of a cube !
a How many faces does it have ?
b What shape are all of these faces ?

4. Here is a triangular prism.

a How many faces does it have ?
b How many of these faces are rectangles ?
c How many of the faces are triangles ?

5. On 1 /2 cm squared paper, make an accurate drawing of this triangle.

8 cm

4·5 cm

6. On 1 /2 cm squared paper, draw this rectangle

in the centre of the page and colour it in.
Surround your rectangle with 8 more similar rectangles
and colour them in with different colours.

this is Chapter Eight page 99 2-DIMENSIONS

7. Draw this kite-shaped tile and
show that it does “tile”, by
surrounding it completely
with similar tiles.

8. Which of the shapes shown below would make “good tiles” ?

a b c d

9. a Use a Pair of Compasses to draw a circle

with radius 7 centimetres.

b Draw a line to show a diameter and write

the word diameter along this line.

c Measure the diameter with a ruler.

d How does the diameter of any circle
compare with its radius ?

10. Use your compasses to draw this semi-circle :-

10 cm

this is Chapter Eight page 100 2-DIMENSIONS

 Chapter 9
Angles
Angles

A Right Angle

Your teacher will give

you a rectangular piece Tear a corner piece from the card, about
of card
5 cm by 5 cm in size. This will be your
template which you can use to find a right
angle.

If your template fits exactly into an angle

then the angle will be a right angle.
(We mark it with a small box)

The angle may be smaller than a right angle.

The angle may be larger than a right angle.

Exercise 1

1. Use your template to find out which of the following shapes are right angles.
Write YES or NO.
a b c

d e f

this is Chapter Nine page 101 ANGLES

2. Using your template, write down how many right angles there are in
the figures shown below :-
a b

3. Here is the badge of the NewtonVale Rugby Club.

Use your template to decide if the angles are Right Angles (R).
Bigger than a right angle (B) or Smaller than a right angle (S).
Answer.... 1 is Smaller. 2 is ...........

6
5 9
8

1 4 2 10 13
3 11 12

4. Steve potted the black ball into a centre pocket to win a game of snooker.
The path the ball took showed how lucky Steve was to win.

2 5

Use your template to find out which angles are :-

a right angled,
b bigger than a right angle,
c smaller than a right angle.

this is Chapter Nine page 102 ANGLES

5. Look at the picture of a house.
How many right angles can you see ?
(at least 60 !)

An angle is measured in degrees (°).

A right angle measures 90°.
When we draw a right angle, we mark
its corner with a small box.

6. Copy the following shapes onto squared paper and mark each W’Sheet
right angle with a box. 9·1

a b c

d e f

g h i

this is Chapter Nine page 103 ANGLES

 Quarter-turn, Half-turn and Complete Turn

As the hand of a clock moves from the 11 12 1

12 round to the 3 it sweeps through 10 2

a right angle - 90°. 9 3

This is known as a Quarter-turn. 8 4

7 5
6

11 12 1
10 2 As the hand of a clock moves from the
12 round to the 6 it sweeps through
9 3
2 right angles - 2 x 90° = 180°.
8 4
7 5 This is known as a Half-turn.
6

As the hand of a clock moves from the 11 12 1

12 right round to the 12 again it sweeps 10 2

through 4 right angles - 4 x 90° = 360°. 9 3

This is known as a Complete-turn. 8 4

5
or One Revolution. 7
6

Exercise 2

1. How many degrees are there in a :-

a quarter-turn b half-turn c complete turn ?
2. How many degrees does the minute hand move through on these clock
faces ?
a 11 12 1
b 11 12 1
c 11 12 1
10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6

this is Chapter Nine page 104 ANGLES

 d e f
11 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2 10 2

9 3 9 3 9 3

8 4 8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 5
6 6 6

3. On a clock face, how many degrees does the minute hand sweep through
when it moves clockwise from the :-
a 6 round to the 9 b 7 round to the 1 c 2 round to the 5
d 3 round to the 12 e 5 round to the 8 f 8 round to the 5
g 4 round to the 4 h 1 round to the 10 i 12 round to the 1 ?

Types of Angles

This angle is called a right angle.

It measures exactly 90°.

This angle is called an acute angle.

It is smaller than 90°.

This angle is called an obtuse angle.

It is larger than one right angle
but smaller than two right angles.
It measures larger than 90° but smaller than 180°.

This angle is called a straight angle.

It is formed from two right angles
and measures exactly 180°.

this is Chapter Nine page 105 ANGLES

 obtuse
acute right
straight

Exercise 3

1. Use a word from the list above to describe the coloured angles below :-
a b c

d e f

g h i

2. What type of angle is shown coloured in the following triangles :-

a b c

d e f

this is Chapter Nine page 106 ANGLES

3. Look at the angles marked a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h.
Write down what type of angle each one is :-
f
a c

d h g
e
b

4. Copy the diagrams shown exactly 90°

opposite. Acute

Match the type of angle smaller than 90°

Obtuse
with its correct size by
drawing arrows between
them. Right
exactly 180°

Straight between 90° and 180°

5. Write down which of these angle sizes are less than 90° :-

40° 100° 145° 25° 62° 172° 88° 91°

6. Write down which of these angle sizes are bigger than 90°
but less than 180° :-

65° 105° 178° 87° 150° 189° 92° 5°

7. Write down whether these angles are acute, obtuse, right or straight :-
a 20° b 120° c 75° d 90°
e 135° f 5° g 179° h 84°
i 180° j 100° k 1° l 137°

8. When the acute angle 70° is added to the acute angle 60° 130°
an obtuse angle is made (130°).
60°
70°
What kind (type) of angle is made when you add :-
a 60° + 50° b 40° + 30° c 90° + 20°
d 90° + 90° e 70° + 80° f 45° + 45°
g 70° + 110° h 25° + 64° i 25° + 65° ?

this is Chapter Nine page 107 ANGLES

 Topic in a Nutshell

1. Use your right-angled template to find out which of these angles

are right angles. Answer YES or NO.
a b c

2. Use your template to decide if angle a, b, c and d in the shape below is

Right Angled (R) Bigger than a right angle (B) Smaller than a right angle (S)

a
d
c
b

3. How many degrees are there in a :-

a right angle b straight angle c quarter-turn
d half-turn e complete turn ?

4. On a clock face, how many degrees does the minute hand turn through
when it moves clockwise from the :-
a 1 round to the 4 b 2 round to the 8 c 3 round to the 3 ?

5. Use a word from - acute, right, obtuse or straight

to describe the coloured angles :-
a b c d

6. Write down whether these angles are acute, right, obtuse or straight :-
a 30° b 140° c 90° d 3°
e 178° f 180° g 89° h 91°.

this is Chapter Nine page 108 ANGLES

 Chapter 10 Calculators should
NOT be used anywhere Fractions
in this chapter.

What is a Fraction ?

Imagine you have a pizza

and cut it into 8 equal bits.
Each bit is “1 out of the 8” bits.
We can write this as a
1
fraction as “one eighth” or :-
8
this tells you how
many bits the
1 of the 8 bits
shape was cut into 1
this tells you was removed
8 how many bits you
are interested in

Exercise 1

1. What fraction of this square is coloured red ?

2 What fraction of this circle is coloured red ?

3. What fraction of each shape is the red bit.

a b c d

this is Chapter Ten page 109 FRACTIONS

4. This rectangle has been split into 4 parts.
Copy these 2 sentences and complete them :-
“ ..... of the 4 parts of the rectangle are red”.
...
=> “This means that of the rectangle is red”.
4

5. a Name of this shape ?

b How many parts has it been split into ?
c How many parts are red ?
d What fraction of the shape is red ?

6. What fraction of each shape is coloured ?

a b c d

e f g h

Look again at the eight shapes in question 6 above.

Can you see that for question 6 a :-
2
• of the shape is coloured ?
3
1
=> So • of the shape is NOT coloured ?
3

7. a What fraction of shape 6 b (above) is NOT coloured ?

b Write down the fraction of each shape in question 6 which is
NOT coloured ?
W’Sheet
10·1

this is Chapter Ten page 110 FRACTIONS

8. a Make a neat copy of this circle.
(use a coin or circular object to draw it)
3
b Use coloured pencils to show of it in red.
4

9. a Use a ruler to make a neat drawing

of this rectangle.
5
b Colour of it blue.
8

3
10. Trace, or draw this triangle and colour of it brown.
4

11. a Draw this square. Split it as shown.

5
b Colour in of it orange.
8

Of the 5 children at the party,

2 of them were boys.
Can you see that :-
“2 out of the 5 were boys” ?
or, written as a fraction :-

2
“ of the children were boys”
5

2
12. of the children at the party were boys. What fraction were girls ?
5

13. Of the 7 counters, 1 is red, 2 are blue

and the rest are orange.
a What fraction (of the 7) is red ?
b What fraction is blue ?
c What fraction is orange ?

this is Chapter Ten page 111 FRACTIONS

14. These are all the coins in Lucy’s purse.
a How many coins are there altogether ?
b How many of them are 2 p’s ?
c What fraction of them are 2 p’s ?
d What fraction of them are 5 p’s ?
e What fraction of them are 20 p’s ?

15. Frani’s motorcycle journey lasted 10 minutes.

Of this, he was on the motorway for 7 minutes.
What fraction of the 10 minute trip
was Frani on the motorway ?

16. Tim gets £5 pocket money every week.

Last week he spent £3 of it in MacBurgers.
What fraction of his pocket money did
Tim spend in MacBurgers ?

17. a What fraction of these candles are lit ?

b What fraction is NOT lit ?

18. The eye-colours of 12 girls are shown below.

Jane - blue Lucy - brown Alice - brown Mari - blue
Annie - brown Karen - blue Nicki - brown Lynn - green
Paula - green Shona - brown April - blue Cath - green
a What fraction of the girls had blue eyes ?
b What fraction had brown eyes ?
c What fraction of the girls had green eyes ?
d What fraction did NOT have blue eyes ?

19. a Write down all the days of the week.

b Which days make up the week-end ?
c What fraction of a whole week is the week-end ?
this is Chapter Ten page 112 FRACTIONS
 Equivalent Fractions

This rectangle has been divided up in TWO different ways :-

1 out of the 2 bits 1 2 out of the 4 bits 2

= =
is shaded pink 2 are shaded pink 4

1 2
Can you see from the diagrams that the two fractions and are EQUAL ?
2 4

2 1
=
4 2

Exercise 2

1. This circle has been divided into 3 equal parts.

a What fraction of the circle is coloured blue ?

b The same circle has been divided into

6 parts this time.
What fraction this time is coloured blue ?

Can you see that the same amount has been coloured blue both times ?
c Copy this sentence and finish it :-
2 ...
“The 2 diagrams show that the fractions = are equivalent”.
3 6
(“equivalent” means “the same as”).

2. Use the two drawings opposite to

write down the 2 fractions that are
shown to be equivalent to each other.

this is Chapter Ten page 113 FRACTIONS

3. Use each pair of drawings below to write down the 2 fractions that are
shown to be equivalent to each other.
a b

c d

e f

6
It is possible to simplify a fraction like as long as both the “top” part and
10
the “bottom” part of the fraction can both be divided by the same number.
6
=> To simplify , can you see that 6 and 10 are part of the x 2 table ?
10
6 6 ÷2 3
=> divide both the 6 and the 10 (by 2) => —> =
10 10 ÷ 2 5
Two more examples :-

8 8 ÷4 2 15 15 ÷3 5
—> = —> =
12 12 ÷4 3 18 18 ÷ 3 6

4 4 ÷2 ...
4. Simplify the fraction by dividing the 4 and the 10 by 2. ( = )
10 10 ÷ 2 5
5 5 ÷5 ...
5. Simplify the fraction by dividing the 5 and the 15 by 5. ( = )
15 15 ÷ 5 ...

this is Chapter Ten page 114 FRACTIONS

6. Simplify each of the following by dividing top and bottom numbers by 2 :-

8 4 12 10
a b c d .
10 14 22 18

7. Simplify each of the following by dividing top and bottom numbers by 3 :-

9 3 6 21
a b c d .
12 21 15 24

8. Simplify each of the following by dividing top and bottom numbers by 5 :-

5 10 30 15
a b c d .
15 25 35 40

9
9. Simplify the fraction . (Hint :- 9 and 15 are part of the x .... table).
15

10. (Knowing your tables really helps here)***

Simplify each of the following fractions as far as possible by dividing
the top and the bottom parts by the same number each time :-

2 3 4 5
a b c d
10 15 12 25
4 12 10 15
e f g h
18 18 30 20
21 20 50 24
i j k l
28 25 60 30
16 7 9 10
m n o p
24 35 21 45

11. 5 of Lucy’s 10 goldfish died in the bowl.

...
a Write this as a fraction. ( )
10
b Now simplify this fraction.

12. Ben had 30 pence. He spent 20 pence on a drink.

a What fraction of his money did Ben spend ?
b Simplify your answer.

this is Chapter Ten page 115 FRACTIONS

13. Terry was cycling the 12 kilometres to the coast.
He got a puncture and stopped after 10 kilometres.
a What fraction of the journey to the coast had
Terry cycled before stopping ?
b Simplify this fraction.

From now on, you must always simplify any fraction you get as an answer.
You must never leave it “un-simplified”.

14. There are 12 months in a year.

What fraction of a year are the Summer months ?
(June, July and August)

15. A bag contails 8 red counters and 12 blue ones.

a How many counters are there altogether ?
b What fraction of the counters are red ?
c What fraction are blue ?

16. Lucy had 6 pence, Nick had 4 pence

and Ben had 10 pence.
a How much had they altogether ?
b What fraction of the total amount
did Lucy have ? Lucy - 6 p
c What fraction did Nick have ?
Ben - 10 p
d What fraction did Ben have ? Nick - 4 p

17. Gemma wrote down how long she spent doing various things last Monday.

Gemma’s Monday a How many hours are there in a day ?

Slept - 8 hours b What fraction of the day did Gemma sleep ?

School - 6 hours
Watched T.V. - 4 hours c Write down what fraction of Monday
Played outside - 3 hours Gemma spent -
Did Homework - 1 hour
Ate meals - 2 hours i at school ii watching T.V.
iii playing outside iv doing homework
v eating ?
this is Chapter Ten page 116 FRACTIONS
 Fraction of a Quantity

1
To find a fraction (like a ) of something —> you divide.
2 1
2
of 12p
1
—> of 12p means “12p divided by 2” = 6p. => 12p ÷ 2
2
= 6p
1
—> of 21p means “21p divided by 3” = 7p
3

1 divide
—> of 40p means “40p divided by 8” = 5p. divide
8 divide

Exercise 3

1. Copy and complete :-

1
“ of 20p means “20p divided by 2” = ... p”.
2

2. Copy and complete :-

1
“ of 36 cm means “36 cm divided by ...” = ... cm”
4

3. Find :-
1 1 1
a of 80p b of 21 metres c of 45 grams
2 3 5
1 1 1
d of £40 e of 24 litres f of £66
10 4 6
1 1 1
g of 32 cm h of 28p i of 39p
8 7 3

4. 24 friends were watching Scotland play football on T.V.

1
of them were women.
3
a How many women were watching the game ?
b How many men must there have been ?

this is Chapter Ten page 117 FRACTIONS

5. It is 36 miles from my home town to
Edinburgh by train.
The train broke down when I was only
1
way along the journey.
4
a How far had I travelled ?
b How far was I then from Edinburgh ?

6. Lucy’s mum got a bunch of 30 flowers from her dad on her birthday.
1
of them were red roses.
5
How many red roses were there ?

1
7. Most people sleep for about of each day.
3
How many hours is this ?

8. Draw this rectangle (24 squares) on squared paper.

1
a What is of 24 ?
6
1
b Colour
6
of the rectangle red. COPY
1 1
c Colour of it blue and of it yellow.
8 4
d How many of the 24 squares are not coloured at all ?

9. a How many days are there in June ?

1
b It rained on of these days.
6
How many days was this ?
1
c I was on holiday for of June. For how long was I on holiday ?
3

1
10. A problem :- Of the money I had in my pocket, I spent of it on sweets.
6
The sweets cost 9 pence.
a How much money must I have had to begin with ?
b How much money will I then have left ?

this is Chapter Ten page 118 FRACTIONS

 Topic in a Nutshell

1. Say what fraction of each shape is coloured :-

a b c d

2. Shown are 4 bananas, 5 lemons and 2 pears.

a What fraction of the fruit is bananas ?
b What fraction of the fruit is lemons ?
c What fraction is neither bananas nor lemons ?

2
3. Write down 2 fractions which are equivalent to .
3

4. Simplify each of the following fractions by dividing the top and

bottom parts by a number each time :-

2 10 6 10
a b c d .
8 30 8 12

5. Ben had 90 pence. He bought two waffles for 60 pence.

a What fraction of his money did Ben have left ?
b Simplify your answer.

6. Find the following quantities :-

1 1 1
a of 30p b of £18 c of 40 kg
2 3 5
1 1 1
d of 80 cm e of 28 litres f of 42 grams
10 4 6

7. Charlie went on holiday for 15 days.

1
a He went sunbathing on of these days.
3
How many days was that ?
1
b On of the days he sunbathed, his skin got burned.
5
On how many days did his skin get burned ?
this is Chapter Ten page 119 FRACTIONS
 Chapter 11 Position and
Movement

Placement & Movement

You should know

ALL the terms Alan Dave Colin
on this page
Jean Donna Erin

Teacher

From where the teacher is standing :-

Jean is in front of Alan Dave is behind Donna

Dave is to the left of Colin Erin is to the right of Donna.

anti-clockwise Tom clockwise

Sid points to Tom.
When he turns clockwise, 11 12 1
Daisy Jen
the 2nd person 10 2
he points to is Joe. 9 3 Joe
Sid
Again, Sid points to Tom. 8 4

When he turns anti-clockwise, 7

6
5
Al
the 3rd person he points to is Al. Meg

A quarter turn (90°) clockwise takes 12

the 12 to the 3. 11 1

10 2
A quarter turn (90°) anti-clockwise
takes the 12 to the 9. 9 3

A half turn (180°) any way takes the 12 8 4

to the 6. 7 5
6
A complete turn (360°) either way takes
the 12 on to the 12.

this is Chapter Eleven page 120 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

Exercise 1

1. Here is a teacher’s seating plan

Sam Bert May Ted
for a small classroom.
As the teacher looks at the plan, Don Joe Ann Sid
say who is sitting :- Flo Alice John Terry
a behind John.
Teacher
b in front of Bert.
c to the left of Ann.
d to the right of May.
e 2 seats behind Flo.
f 3 seats to the right of Don.

2. The picture shows the display in a butcher’s shop window.

Name what is :-
a below the ham.
b above the kebabs.
c first right from the lamb. Lamb Turkey T-Bone Steak

d to the left of the salami.

e 2 above the pie.
Chicken
f 3 below the T-bone steak. Drumsticks
Ham Chops

g 3 above the bacon rashers.

h 2nd right of chicken drums.
Roast Sausage Salami
i Describe where the pie is
in relation to the drumsticks.
j Describe where the roast is
in relation to the salami. Pie Bacon Kebabs

this is Chapter Eleven page 121 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

Look at the types of travel shown below.

old car helicopter jeep motorbike truck

sports car taxi ship pram bus

“backie” tractor plane rickshaw tram

3. Describe what is :-
a 1 above the yellow taxi. b just below the bus.
c first right of the blue jeep. d 2nd to the left of the tram.
e 1 below the sports car. f 2nd to the right of the tractor.
g 3rd left of the bus. h 1 to the left and 1 up from the tram.
i 1 to the right and 1 down from the helicopter.
j 2 up and 3 to the left from the rickshaw.

4. Describe fully how would you get from :-

a the ship to the bus ? b the truck to the helicopter ?
c the sports car to the pram ? d the tram to the old old car ?

5. If you were sitting in each of these, and facing front,

a what would be on your left if you were in the taxi ?
b what would be on your right if you were in the tram ?
c what would be 2nd on your left if you were in the plane ?
d what would be 2nd on your left if you were in the old car ?

this is Chapter Eleven page 122 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

 Mave Jake
6. A photographer is at the nursery
school, taking pictures.
He takes Brenda’s picture first. 12
11 1
a Turning clockwise :-
10 2
i whose turn is it next ?
Henry
ii after that, he moves on 9 3
3 places - whose turn now ? Brenda
4
iii then, he moves on a further 8

2 places - whose turn now ? 7 5

6 Twins

b Turning anti-clockwise :-
i whose is the first baby the Alice
Brian
photographer points to after Brenda ?
ii after that, he moves on 3 places - whose turn now ?
iii then, he moves on a further 3 places, but he is puzzled - why ?

c Who has not had their picture taken, either clockwise or anti-clockwise ?
d Brian crawls clockwise round the circle.
Who is the fourth person he comes to ?
e Henry crawls anti-clockwise round the circle.
Who is the sixth person he comes to ?

7. Some children are playing a game of “dares” in the garden.

Lucy is in the middle. She first points to Chalmers.
Richard
a From Chalmers, Lucy makes
11
12
1 a quarter turn clockwise.
Jim
10 2
Who is she now pointing to ?
Christina 9 3 Chalmers b Lucy then points to Richard
8 Lucy 4 and makes a quarter turn
Mary
7 5 anti-clockwise.
6
Karen
Ian
Who is she now pointing to ?
c Lucy then points to Jim and makes a quarter turn anti-clockwise.
Who is she pointing to now ?

this is Chapter Eleven page 123 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

 d Lucy points to Mary and makes a half turn.
Who is she now pointing to ?
e She now points to Ian and makes a complete turn.
Who is she pointing to ?
f Lucy points to Karen and then decides to point to Jim.
Describe two different kinds of turn Lucy could make to do this.

Features of a Journey

Describing a Journey
Take 2 steps forward
Ben is playing in a maze. Turn right
He has been given the instructions Take 2 steps forward
so he can follow the coloured Turn left
pathway Take 3 steps forward
out of the maze. Turn left
Take 2 steps forward
Example Turn right
Take 2 steps forward

Exercise 2

1. Write clear instructions for each pathway through the maze for Ben :-
a b c

this is Chapter Eleven page 124 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

2. This is a map of the village where Nick lives.
BANK STREET
bank

airport farmer Giles

GEORGE STREET
school factory

JOHN STREET
DALE ROAD
STUART ROAD

TEMPLE ROAD
AIR WAY

temple

FARM ROAD
PIT ROAD

police
station library

READ STREET

windmill restaurant Nick’s house golf club

BOND STREET

When Nick goes to the Chinese Restaurant he comes out of his house,
turns right along Bond Street, turns 2nd right into Dale Road, then 1st
left into Read Street. The restaurant is the 1st building on the left.
a Nick wants to go to the temple.
Copy and complete these directions for his journey :-
Come out of Nick’s house, turn left into ....... Street., turn 1st .........
into ............ Road. The temple is the .......... building on the right.
b Nick has to go to the bank.
Copy and complete these directions for this journey :-
Come out of Nick’s house, turn right into ....... St., turn 1st ........ into
............ St. Walk along John St. and take the ........ road on the
left. This is .........St. The bank is the ...... building on the ........ .
c Nick wants to go and visit the windmill.
Write down directions for Nick, from his house to the windmill.
d Nick comes out of the library and heads for the airport.
Write down directions for him, from the library to the airport.
e Nick visits his dad at the factory each day on his way home from school.
Describe his journey home from school, going to his dad’s factory.
f PC Plodd leaves the police station to go to pick up Farmer Giles.
They both then head for the golf club. Plan one possible journey.

this is Chapter Eleven page 125 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

3. Look at the map of Westlea. To get from the fire station to the shops -
“come out of the fire station, turn left & go forward 5 spaces.
Now turn left and go forward 2 spaces - you're at the shops !”
Write one set of
shops
instructions on how
to get from :- fire station

a the shops to the

police station.
b the school to the school

golf course.
c the train station to
police
the football stadium. cathedral station

d the petrol station to

the harbour.
the
lake
A copy of this map is petrol
available as station
train
station
W’Sheet
11·1

harbour

football
stadium
4. Follow these routes
on the map with your
finger and say where golf
course
they end.

a “Come out of the cathedral; turn right; go forward 4 spaces; turn right;
go forward 3 spaces; turn left - where are you ?”
b “Come forward 3 spaces out of the Lake; turn left and go on 9 spaces;
turn left and go forward 3 spaces - what is on your right ?”
c “Come 2 spaces out of the football stadium; turn right and go forward
4 spaces; turn left and go forward 5 spaces; turn left again and again
go forward 5 spaces; turn right and go forward 4 spaces;
look right - what’s there ?”

this is Chapter Eleven page 126 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

 Compass Points

N Remember :-
You should already know
360° = 1 full turn
that the 4 main points 1
of the compass are :- W E 180° = 2 turn
NORTH, SOUTH, 1
90° = turn
EAST & WEST 4
S

Example - Back to the maze again !

Go East 2 squares
Go South 2 squares
Go East 3 squares
Go North 2 squares
Go East 2 squares

This time our instructions were given using compass points.

Exercise 3
W E

1. In which direction would Ben end up facing if he was facing :-

S
a North and turned through 180° ?
b West and turned through 90° clockwise ?
c South and turned through 90° anti-clockwise ?
d East and turned through a three quarter turn clockwise ?
e North and made a complete turn of 360° ?

2. How many degrees would Ravi have to turn through if he was facing :-
a East and turned clockwise to face South ?
b West and turned to face East ?
c North and turned anti-clockwise to face West ?
d South and turned clockwise to face East ?
e West and made a complete turn to face West again ?

this is Chapter Eleven page 127 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

 N
3. Give instructions using the points of the compass to help Spot,
Nick, Tiddles and Lucy through the mazes :- W E

a b
S

c d

4. Draw up a 6 by 6 grid like the one shown.

Now Jane has to find the pathway out of the
maze starting at the top left-hand corner.
Draw Jane’s pathway following these instructions :-
• Go 3 boxes East. COPY
• Go 5 boxes South.
• Go 2 boxes East.
• Go 4 boxes North.
• Go 2 boxes East to get out of the maze !

5. Draw up another 6 by 6 grid.

COPY
Draw another pathway following these instructions :-
• Start at the bottom left-hand box, facing North.
• Go 2 boxes North. then 3 boxes East.
• Now Go 2 boxes North and 1 then box East.
• Go 1 box North again and then 3 boxes West.
• Go 2 more boxes North to get out of the maze !

this is Chapter Eleven page 128 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

6. Look at the map of the Carribean.
The pirates are sailing from island to island in search of hidden treasure.
You have to find where each voyage ends.

a Leave Palm Tree

Island harbour; ROCK ISLAND

HARBOUR
Go West 3 spaces;
then North 8 spaces.

b Leave Volcano Island

harbour;
head South 1 space;
MARSH LIGHTHOUSE
West 7 spaces; ISLAND
DOCK
ISLAND
North 5 spaces;
West 1 space;
North 4 spaces
then 5 spaces East.
VOLCANO
c Leave Rock Island
HARBOUR
ISLAND

harbour; HARBOUR

Go 7 spaces South; PALM

2 spaces West; TREE

ISLAND
6 spaces South; ICEBERGS
2 spaces East;
4 spaces South;
then 2 spaces East. HARBOUR

OOPS ! HARBOUR
WATERFALL
ISLAND

A copy of this map is

available as

W’Sheet
11·2

7. Use your map for question 6 to plot a route from Waterfall Island harbour
to Rock Island harbour.
You must use the points of the compass to describe your journey.

this is Chapter Eleven page 129 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

Coordinate Grids

The position of an object or point can be described by using a

COORDINATE GRID.
The position of an object or point can either be given by stating
• which square the object is sitting in, or
• which two lines the point is on.

Example 1 Example 2

5 x
e
4
d
3 x
c
2
b
1
a
0
A B C D E A B C D E F

The position of the fox is Bd. The position of the dog is C5.
The position of the bear is Eb. The position of the cat is F3.

Exercise 4

1. Four areas in a zoo are shown

e
in the coordinate grid.
Write down the position of :- d

a the lion. c

b the penguin. b

c the tiger.
a
d the giraffe.
A B C D E

this is Chapter Eleven page 130 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

2. Six subject rooms in a school are
shown in the coordinate grid.
5
Write down the position of :-
4 xG
a Mathematics M.
Mx
3
b English E.
c Geography G. 2 xH xA

d History H. 1 xE

e Art A. C
0 x
A B C D E F
f Computing C.

3. The letter P is in position D9.

10 S Write down the positions of the

9 P other capital letters :-
8
Q, R, S, T, U, V and W.
7 Q
6 V
5 T
4
3 R
2 W
1 U
A B C D E F G H I J

4. Eight soldiers are out on a Tom

10 x
training exercise in a field. Jim
9x
Name the soldier who is in position :- 8

a D2. b B4. 7 Don

6 Sid x
c A9. d J3. x
5 Fred
e K6. f F5. 4 x Kit
3 x
g I10. h G0. x
2
1 Len
Col
0 x
A B C D E F G H I J K

this is Chapter Eleven page 131 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

5. At the school fayre Joyce was in charge of a stall where you
could win cash prizes.
You had to push a pin through a hole on a piece of card.
Some of the positions had no prizes !
For example :- £1 2 0p
5x x x x x x
land on B1 - win £1, land on C0 - lose. !
1 0p 1 0p £1 5 0p
a What did you win if you pushed 4x x x x x x

the pin through position :- 5 0p £1 5 0p

3x x x x x x
i D3 ii E4
5 0p 2 0p £5 1 0p
iii B2 iv F3 2x x x x x x

v C1 vi A0 ? £1 £1 1 0p
1 x x x x x x
b Which positions give a 10p prize ?
2 0p 5 0p
(List all of them). 0x x x x x x
A B C D E F
c What was the top prize and
what was its position ?

6. A small zoo has been built as shown

on the grid.
5 Tigers Foxes Chimps Lions
a In this zoo, name :-

4 Hawks Newts Parrots Sharks

i 3 members of the cat family.
ii 3 birds.
3 PATHWAY
b What kind of sea creature
2 Snakes Rats Zebras Camels
appeared in “Jaws” ?
Write down its position.
1 Pumas Wolves Turtles Eagles c “Cunning as a ...”
Write down its name and position.
A B C D E
d What kind of creature is a cobra ?
Write down the position of where
it might live in the zoo.
e What is the position on the pathway
between the foxes and the chimps ?

this is Chapter Eleven page 132 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

Coordinates for Fun

Exercise 5

Pictures can be drawn using coordinates.

Make a coordinate grid for each picture (you are guided as to what size).
Plot the points in order and join them up as you move from one point to the next.

5
1. Letters across - A - I. W’Sheet
Numbers upwards - 0 - 8. 4 11·3

Set 1 - D2 D3 F3 F2 D2. 3
Set 2 - B4 B6 H6 H4 B4.
2
Set 3 - D7 D8 F8 F7 D7.
1
What mathematical sign is this ?
0
2. Letters across - A - I. A B C D E F

Numbers upwards - 0 - 8.
Set 1 - D1 D3 B3 B5 D5 D7 F7 F5 H5 H3 F3 F1 D1.
What mathematical sign is this ?

3. Letters across - A - Q.
Numbers upwards - 0 - 20. LARGE PICTURE
Set 1 - D2 D10 F12 F4 D2.
Set 2 - F4 H3 J3 L4 L16 J15 H15 F16 F12.
Set 3 - L12 N10 N2 L4.
Set 4 - F16 I20 L16.
Set 5 - I11 I1. What flying object is this ?

4. Letters A - L.
Upwards 0 - 11.
Set 1 - D3 E3 F4 G3 H3 H6 D6 D3.
Set 2 - D6 D9 C8 B9 D11 E11 F10 G11
H11 J9 I8 H9 H6.
This has to do with football. What is it ?

this is Chapter Eleven page 133 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

5. Letters across A - M.
11
Numbers upwards 0 - 11. 10
9
Set 1 - F11 E10 G10 F11.
8
Set 2 - E10 E8 G8 G10. 7
6
Set 3 - E8 D8 D4 H4 H8 G8.
5
Set 4 - D8 B6 B5 C5 C6 D7. 4

Set 5 - H8 J6 J5 I5 I6 H7. 3
2
Set 6 - D4 D3 C3 C2 F2 F4 1
Set 7 - F2 I2 I3 H3 H4. 0
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
He was in the Wizard of Oz.
Who is he ?

6. Letters across A - K.
12
11 Numbers upwards 0 - 12.
10 Set 1 - F12 E9 G9 F12.
9
8
Set 2 - G9 H8 D8 E9.
7 Set 3 - D8 D2 H2 H8.
6
Set 4 - E2 E4 G4 G2.
5
4 Set 5 - D2 B2 B6 D7.
3
Set 6 - H2 J2 J6 H7.
2
1 Set 7 - F4 F2.
0
A B C D E F G H I J K It’s a building. What kind ?

7. Letters across A - I.
Numbers upwards 0 - 11.
Set 1 - E11 F11 F9 H7 H3 G2 D2 C3 C7 E9 E11.
Set 2 - F10 E10. Set 3 - D6 D4.
Set 4 - D5 E5. Set 5 - E6 E4.
Set 6 - F6 G6 G5 F5. Set 7 - F4 F6.
Have this with your burger ?

this is Chapter Eleven page 134 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

 Topic in a Nutshell

1. Look at the type of insects shown below.

butterfly caterpillar fly

wasp

grasshopper snail spider

mosquito

worm ladybird beetle ant

a Describe what insect is :-

i 1 above the mosquito. ii 2 below the caterpillar.
iii first right of the snail. iv 3rd to the left of the fly.
v 2 down and 2 to the right of the butterfly.
b If you are the snail and are looking at the mosquito - what insect
would you be looking at if you made a quarter-turn clockwise ?
c If you are the mosquito and are looking at the ladybird - what insect
would you be looking at if you made a quarter-turn anticlockwise ?

2. Write clear instructions on how to get Ben

through the maze. Start with ...
“forward 2 spaces then ....”

3. Now write another set of instructions for Ben

to get him through the same maze,
this time using the points of the compass :-
e.g. “Go East 2 squares, ............”

this is Chapter Eleven page 135 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

4. a If I was facing North and turned through 90° anticlockwise,
in which direction would I then be facing ?
b How many degrees will I have to turn through if I am
facing West and want to face East ?

5. Write down the coordinate positions of the :-

a rooster b chick c pig d bull.

5
5
4
4
3
3
2 x
2
1
1
0
A B C D E A B C D E F

6. You draw one more for fun ! Letters across A - N.

11 Numbers upwards 0 - 11.

10
9
Set 1 - B7 D3 L3 M7 B7.
8
7 Set 2 - D7 D10. draw a at D10
6
Set 3 - F7 F8. draw a at F8
5
4 Set 4 - H7 H9. draw a at H9

3 Set 5 - J7 J11. draw a at J 11

2
1 Set 6 - L7 L9. draw a at L9

0
A B C D E F G H I J K L M

What is it this time ?

this is Chapter Eleven page 136 POSITION AND MOVEMENT

 Chapter 12 Calculators should Length
NOT be used anywhere
in this chapter.
& Area

Estimating Length

When measuring a length or distance, you can use many different devices.
A ruler measures A tape measures A car odometer
small lengths in larger lengths in measures in
centimetres (cm). metres (m) kilometres (km)

012653 7
km

Exercise 1

1. Would you use a ruler, tape measure or a car odometer

to measure :-
a the length of this book b the height of your classroom

c your own height d the length of the corridor

e the length of your thumb f how far from Glasgow to Edinburgh ?

2. Estimate (guess) the length or distance of each part in question 1.

3. Spread out your hand on a sheet of paper and draw around it.

Estimate the length of :-

a your hand-span
b your longest finger hand-span

c your pinky finger.

4. Measure each of the three lengths in question 3.

this is Chapter Twelve page 137 LENGTH & AREA

5. Put your foot on a sheet of paper and draw around it.
Estimate :–
a the length of your foot
b the width of your foot.
c Now measure both and check how close you were.

6. Estimate the length of each coloured line to the nearest centimetre :–

a b

c d

Now measure each of the lines and check how close you were.

7. Estimate the length of each object below in centimetres :–

a b

c d

Now measure each of the objects and check how close you were.
this is Chapter Twelve page 138 LENGTH & AREA
Drawing
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
centimetres
Exercise 2

1. Use a ruler to draw a line of length :–

a 3 centimetres b 7 centimetres
c 9 centimetres d 6 centimetres
e 1 centimetre f 16 centimetres.

2. Use a ruler to draw a line of length :–

a 2 1 cm b 4 1 cm c 5 1 cm d 10 1 cm.
2 2 2 2

3. Shown below are sketches of rectangles.

Draw each rectangle accurately.

a b
1 cm
6 cm
5 cm

7 cm

c d
4 cm 1 1 cm
2
10 cm

8 cm

4. Draw each of the following shapes accurately :–

a a rectangle with length 6 cm and breadth 2 cm.
b a square with side 7 cm.

10 cm
5. Look at this sketch of a right
angled triangle.
4 1 cm
Draw it accurately. 2

this is Chapter Twelve page 139 LENGTH & AREA

Units of Length

Remember :-
exactly
1 centimetre
A centimetre is a standard unit of length.
It is about the width of your pinky nail.

A metre is exactly 100 centimetres.

This is about the distance from the
1 cm
ground up to a door handle.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1 metre

Exercise 3

1. Remember, 1 metre = 100 cm. How many centimetres are in :–

a 1 metre b 2 metres c 3 metres d 4 metres
e 8 metres f 5 metres g 9 metres h 10 metres ?

2. How many centimetres are in :–

a 1
metre b 1 1 metres c 2 1 metres d 5 1 metres
2 2 2 2

e 7 1 metres f 9 1 metres g 10 1 metres h 12 1 metres

2 2 2 2

i 1
metre j 1 1 metres k 2 1 metres l 4 1 metres ?
4 4 4 4

3. Remember, 100 cm = 1 metre. How many metres are in :–

a 500 cm b 700 cm c 900 cm d 1000 cm
e 600 cm f 1200 cm g 1500 cm h 2300 cm ?

4. How many metres are in :–

a 50 cm b 250 cm c 650 cm d 850 cm
e 150 cm f 950 cm g 1150 cm h 1450 cm
i 25 cm j 325 cm k 525 cm l 1025 cm ?

this is Chapter Twelve page 140 LENGTH & AREA

 Remember :- 1 metre 25 centimetres = 1 m 25 cm = 125 cm

5. Copy and complete :–

a 1 metre 75 centimetres = 1m 75 cm = ..... cm
b 1 metre 53 centimetres = ... m ... cm = ..... cm
c 2 metres 25 centimetres = ... m ... cm = ..... cm
d 5 metres 20 centimetres = ... m ... cm = ..... cm
Be very careful with these :–
e 1 metre 5 centimetres = ... m ... cm = ..... cm
f 7 metres 8 centimetre = ... m ... cm = ..... cm
g 10 metres 1 centimetre = ... m ... cm = ..... cm.

6. Copy and complete :–

a 215 cm = 2 m 15 cm = 2 metres ... centimetres
b 475 cm = 4 m ... cm = ... metres ... centimetres
c 709 cm = ... m ... cm = ... metres ... centimetres
d 208 cm = ... m ... cm = ...........................
e 1050 cm = ............ = ...........................
f 2003 cm = ............ = ...........................

7. a A snail crawls along a garden path

5 metres 45 centimetres long.
How many centimetres did the snail crawl ?

b A toy car runs along a track

with length 365 centimetres.
How many metres and
centimetres is this ?

c Nick sprinted for 20 metres and 8 centimetres.

How many centimetres did he sprint ?

this is Chapter Twelve page 141 LENGTH & AREA

Problems involving Length
Remember
Exercise 4

1. a Put these lengths in order, smallest first :–

1 m 34 cm, 99 cm, 1 metre 29 centimetres, 170 cm.

b Put these lengths in order, largest first :–

127 cm, 1 m 19 cm, 130 cm, 1 metre 9 centimetres.

2. Four toy cars are placed in a line bumper to bumper.

Their lengths are 9 cm, 7 cm, 11 cm and 14 cm.

What is the total length of all the cars ?

3. A plank of wood is 225 cm long. 225 cm

A piece, 70 cm, is cut off.

70 cm
What is the length of the plank now ?

4. A birthday banner is made from 13 sheets of paper. Each piece is 9 cm long.

H A P P Y B I R T H D A Y
What is the total length of the banner ?

5. A tortoise walks 450 centimetres.

It takes a rest, then walks 2 1 metres.
2

How many metres in total did the tortoise walk ?

6. Emily has a roll of cable 10 metres long.

She cuts 4 lengths of cable from the roll :-

3 metres, 270 centimetres, 1 1 metres and 1 metre 40 centimetres.

2

a What is the total length (in cm) of the four lengths of cable ?
b How many centimetres of cable are left on the roll ?

this is Chapter Twelve page 142 LENGTH & AREA

 Area

The area of a shape is the AMOUNT OF SPACE IT COVERS.

The area of a box 1 cm by 1 cm has
1 cm 1 cm2
an area of : 1 square centimetre.
1 cm
This is written as :- 1 cm2

Example :- This shape has an area of 4 cm2

Exercise 5

1. Write down the area (....cm2) of this shape :–

2. Write down the area (....cm2) of each shape below :–

a b c

d e f

g h i

this is Chapter Twelve page 143 LENGTH & AREA

3. Write down the area (...cm2) of each shape below :– 1
= 2 cm2
a b

c d e

4. Estimate the areas of these shapes. Use this simple rule :–

1
If more than 2 a box is covered —> count it as 1 cm2

1
If less than 2 a box is covered —> do not count it at all.

a b

DO NOT
DO NOT
MARK THIS
MARK THIS
SHAPE
SHAPE

this is Chapter Twelve page 144 LENGTH & AREA

Area of a Rectangle - A Rule

We can find the area of a RECTANGLE without counting squares on a grid.

We can find the area of a rectangle using a formula - another name for a rule.

The rectangle shown measures 3 cm by 2 cm.

Counting squares gives an area of 6 cm2. 2 cm

Also, multiplying 3 by 2 also gives us 6 cm2.

3 cm

The area of any rectangle can be found by :-

MULTIPLYING THE LENGTH BY THE BREADTH.

It is easier to write it as : Area = Length x Breadth

or A = L x B

You must write down the formula and your calculation

when finding the area of a rectangle.

Example
A = L x B
2 cm
A = 4 x 2

4 cm
A = 8 cm2

Exercise 6

1. Copy each rectangle and complete each example to find the area :–
a b
2 cm A = L x B
A = 5 x ...
5 cm 5 cm
A = .... cm2
A = L x B
A = 5 x ...
A = .... cm2
3 cm
this is Chapter Twelve page 145 LENGTH & AREA
2. Calculate the area (in cm2) of each of the following rectangles :–
(Remember to show your formula and calculation).
a b
1 cm
3 cm
5 cm

4 cm

c d

7 cm

a square

4 cm
6 cm

3. Calculate the area of each of the following rectangles :–

a b

2 cm
4 cm
5·5 cm

7·5 cm

4. A piece of red rectangular card measures

6 centimetres by 4 centimetres.
A blue rectangle measuring 4 cm by 2 cm
4 cm
2 cm

is cut from the card.

a Find the total area of the red card. 4 cm

b Find the area of the blue rectangle.
6 cm
c Find the red shaded area.

this is Chapter Twelve page 146 LENGTH & AREA

 Topic in a Nutshell

1. Would you use a ruler, tape measure or a car odometer to measure :–

a your pinky length b the height of your house

c the width of this page d the distance from Glasgow to London ?

2. Estimate the length of each part in question 1 a, b and c.

3. Estimate (without using a ruler) the length of each of these lines :–

a b

c d

4. Use a ruler to draw a line :–

a 3 cm long b 12 cm long c 4 1 cm long d 10 1 cm long.

2 2

5. Change :– a 300 cm to m b 700 cm to m c 5 m to cm

d 10 m to cm e 3 1 m to cm f 650 cm to m.
2

6. Put these lengths in order, smallest first :-

145 cm, 1 m 25 cm, 1 1 metres, 1 metre 30 centimetres.

2

7. Write down the area (in cm2) of this shape :–

8. Use a formula to calculate the

area of the rectangle shown :–

4 cm

8 cm

this is Chapter Twelve page 147 LENGTH & AREA

 Chapter 13 Patterns
Calculators should NOT
be used anywhere
in this chapter .
Basic Patterns

Here are some examples of patterns :-.

A drawing pattern :-

next drawing

Letter patterns :-
A, C, E, G, I, next letter K
Z, Y, X, W, V, next letter U

Number patterns :-
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, next number 12
23, 19, 15, 11, 7, next number 3

Can you see how to make the next pattern in each example above ?

Exercise 1

1. In each pattern below draw and colour in the next drawing :-

a
next drawing ?

b
next drawing
?

this is Chapter Thirteen page 148 PATTERNS

 c
?

d ?

2. Show the next two drawings in each pattern below :–

a
? ?

b
? ?

c
? ?

d
? ?

3. Write down the next letter (or letters) in each pattern :–

(Hint :- Write out the full alphabet first)

a G, H, I, J, ? b T, S, R, Q, ?
c E, G, I, K, ? d A, E, I, M, ?
e A, E, I, O, ? f A, Z, B, Y, C, ?
g C, D, F, I, M, ? h M, O, Q, S, U, W, ?
i AB, CD, EF, GH, ?? j ABC, CED, EFG, GHI, ???

this is Chapter Thirteen page 149 PATTERNS

 When describing a number pattern :- • write the starting number and
• by how much it goes up or down.
Example :–
To describe the pattern 3, 7, 11, 15 ... ,

you would write - “It starts at 3 and goes up by 4 each time”.

4. Describe each of the following patterns by writing :–

“It starts at ...... and goes up (or down) by ..... each time”.
a 1, 3, 5, 7, ... b 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ...
c 60, 50, 40, 30, ... d 18, 15, 12, 9, 6, ...
e 10, 21, 32, 43, ... f 20, 35, 50, 65, ...
g 13, 11, 9, 7, ... h 100, 400, 700, 1000, ...
i 4, 4·5, 5, 5·5, 6, ... j 750, 600, 450, 300, ...

5. Write down the next number in each of the patterns in question 4.

6. Write down the next number in each pattern :–

a 5, 7, 9, 11, ? b 20, 30, 40, 50, ?
c 8, 10, 12, 14, ? d 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ?
e 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ? f 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, ?
g 7, 14, 21, 28, ? h 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, ?
i 40, 38, 36, 34, ? j 30, 27, 24, 21, 18, ?
k 26, 22, 18, 14, ? l 121, 110, 99, 88, 77, ?
m 8, 11, 14, 17, ? n 1, 10, 19, 28, 37, ?

7. Write down the next number in each of these harder patterns :–

a 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, ? b 3, 6, 12, 24, ?
c 7, 8, 10, 13, 17, ? d 80, 40, 20, 10, ?
e 121, 232, 343, 454, ? f (1 x 2), (2 x 3), (3 x 4), (4 x 5), ?

this is Chapter Thirteen page 150 PATTERNS

8. Copy each number pattern below filling in all missing numbers :–
a 12, 14, ?, 18, 20, ? b 2, ?, 8, 11, 14, ?
c 54, 44, 34, 24, ?, ? d 15, ?, 23, ?, 31, 35
e 55, 44, ?, 22, 11, ? f 2, 7, ?, ?, 22, 27, ?
g ?, ?, 19, 17, 15, ? h ?, 10, ?, 20, 25, 30, ?

9. Look at this multiplication table chart :–

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27

4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36

5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54

7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63

8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72

9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81

Can you see the yellow line is part of the 2 times table answers ?
a Copy and complete :–
“the green line is part of the ... times table answers”.
b Describe the number pattern on :–
i the blue line ii the red line
iii the pink line iv the grey line W’Sheet
13·1
c Make a neat copy of the number chart or use the worksheet.
Mark on it with coloured pencils any other number patterns that
you can pick out.
d Describe each of these number patterns you have found, in a sentence.

this is Chapter Thirteen page 151 PATTERNS

 Links between tables

Connections can be found between some of the multiplication tables.

Look at the 3 times table.
Now look at part of
3 X 1 = 3 the 9 times table.
3 X 2 = 6
3 X 3 = 9 9 X 1 = 9 or 3 X 3 X 1 = 9
3 X 4 = 12
3 X 5 = 15
3 X 6 = 18 9 X 2 = 18 or 3 X 3 X 2 = 18
3 X 7 = 21
3 X 8 = 24
3 X 9 = 27 9 X 3 = 27 or 3 X 3 X 3 = 27
3 X 10 = 30

Can you see a connection between the 3 and the 9 times tables ?

Exercise 2

1. a Write out the 2 times table.

b Write out the 4 times table.
c Can you see a link between the 2 and 4 times tables ?
Explain this link.

2. a Write out the 4 and the 8 times tables.

b Explain the link between these two tables.

3. a Show a link between the 5 and the 10 times tables.

b Show a link between the 2 and the 8 times tables.
c Show a link between the 2 and the 10 times tables.

4. Can you show other times table links ? - INVESTIGATE

this is Chapter Thirteen page 152 PATTERNS

 Topic in a Nutshell

1. For each of the following patterns, draw and colour in the next drawing :-

a ?

b
?

2. Write down the next letter in each pattern :-

a B, D, F, H, ? b Q, P, O, N, ?
c A, D, G, J, ? d AC, BD, CE, DF, ?

3. The number pattern - 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ...,

“Starts at 1 and goes up by 2 each time”
Describe the following number patterns in the same way :-
a 4, 8, 12, 16, ..., b 26, 21, 16, 11, ...,
c 8, 8·5, 9, 9·5, ..., d 640, 320, 160, 80, ...,

4. Write down the next number in each pattern :–

a 6, 9, 12, 15, ? b 1, 2, 4, 8, ?
c 100, 95, 90, 85, ? d 200, 100, 50, ?
e 131, 242, 353, ? f (1 x 4), (2 x 5), (3 x 6), ?

5. Copy each number pattern below and enter in all the missing numbers :–
a 10, 12, ?, 16, 18, ? b 88, ?, 66, 55, ?, 33.
c ?, ?, 24, 21, 18, ? d ?, 3, 9, 27, ? (* hard).

this is Chapter Thirteen page 153 PATTERNS

 Chapter 14 Three
Calculators should NOT
be used anywhere in Dimensions
this chapter except
in the final exercise.
3-D Shapes

2 Dimensional Flat shapes, drawn on paper, like squares,

circles or triangles are called 2-dimensional.
height
They have 2 “dimensions” or 2 sizes :-
length
(- length and height)

3 Dimensional
Solid shapes, like cubes, cones and cylinders, height
are called “3-dimensional”. depth
length
They have 3 “dimensions” or 3 sizes :-
(- length, height and depth (or breadth))

You should know the words :-

cube, cuboid, cone, cylinder, sphere, triangular prism, square pyramid.

height
Exercise 1 depth

length
1. Name each of the following 3-dimensional shapes :-
a b c d

e f g h

this is Chapter Fourteen page 154 THREE DIMENSIONS

2. The objects below are made up of more than one 3-dimensional shape.
List the different shapes each time :-
a b c

d e f

3. If this flat (2-dimensional) shape

was cut out and folded along
the lines, it would make a
3-dimensional shape.
Which shape ?

4. Which 3-dimensional figures would you get if you W’Sheet

14·1
cut the following shapes out and folded them up ?
a b W’Sheet
14·2

W’Sheet
14·3

this is Chapter Fourteen page 155 THREE DIMENSIONS

 c d

e f

5. a Make a list of as many objects as you can

(at least 4) in the classroom, outside or at
home which are in the shape of a cube.

b Make a list of as many objects as you can

(at least 4) in the classroom, outside or at
home which are in the shape of a cuboid.

c Make a list of as many objects as you can

(at least 4) in the classroom, outside or at
home which are in the shape of a cylinder.

d Make a list of as many objects as you can

(at least 4) in the classroom, outside or at
home which are in the shape of a sphere.

e Make a list of as many objects as you can

(at lease 4) in the classroom, outside or at
home which are in the shape of a cone.

this is Chapter Fourteen page 156 THREE DIMENSIONS

 Triangular Dotty Paper

A good way of drawing solid 3-dimensional shapes like cubes and cuboids is
to use triangular dotty paper (or isometric paper).

Look at how easy it is to draw • • A•• • •• • • • • • • •

these cuboids and cubes on • • • • • • • • •B • • •
isometric paper. • • • • • • • • • • • •
•
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
•
•
•
• •
•
•
• •
•
•
• •
•
•
• •
•
•
• •
•
•
• •
•
•
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
•
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • C• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • D• • •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • •

Exercise 2 (You will need triangular dotty paper for this exercise)

• • • • •••• •••
• • • • •• ••• •
• • • •
Make sure you line up the dotty paper • • • • •••• •••
the correct way. (see opposite)
•
• •
•
•
• •
•
•
• •
•
•
• •
•
•• ••• •
•••• ••• x
• • • • • • • • •• ••• •
• • • • •••• •••
• • • • •• ••• •
1. Look at shape A (the cuboid) at the
top of the page.
• • • •
• • • •
To draw it, start with the 3 red lines • • • •
shown opposite. • • • •
Then complete the figure (use the
• • • •
green dotted lines to help).
• • •

2. Draw cuboids B, C and D using the help given below :-

• • • •
• • • •B • • •
• • • • •• • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • C• •
• • • • • • • • D• •
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • •• • •
• • • • • •
•
this is Chapter Fourteen page 157 THREE DIMENSIONS
 3. a Copy the 3 lines shown onto • • • • • • • •
triangular dotty paper. • • • • • • • •
b Complete the figure by adding 6 • • • • • • • •
more lines to show a cuboid.
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • •
4. • • • • • • • • a Copy the 3 lines shown on the left
• • • • • • • • onto triangular dotty paper.
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
b Complete the figure by adding six
• • • • • • • •
more lines to show a cuboid.
• • • •
5. In question 3, your cuboid should have measured • • •
3 boxes long by 2 boxes wide by 2 boxes high.
• • • • • •
• • • • • • 2 boxes
What is the length, width and height of the • • • • • •
cuboid you drew in question 4 ? 3 boxes • •2 boxes
•
• • •
6. Use your dotty paper to • • • • • • •
draw this cuboid which • • • • • • • • • •
measures 5 boxes by 4
• • • • • • • • • •
boxes by 3 boxes.
• • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
7. Now use your dotty paper to draw
• • •
a cuboid which is 4 boxes long, 3 boxes wide and 4 boxes high.

8. Use dotty paper to draw a cube measuring 4 boxes by 4 boxes by 4 boxes.

• • • • • • •
9. Miss Young drew a nice shape made up of 2 cuboids. • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
•
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
Draw it on dotty paper and colour it in •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• •
• • • • • • •
like she has. •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• •
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • •

10. Try to draw some nice 3-dimensional

figures made up of cubes and cuboids.
Cut out the best ones and make a display
of them on the wall.

this is Chapter Fourteen page 158 THREE DIMENSIONS

 Topic in a Nutshell

1. Name the 3-dimensional MATHEMATICAL shapes shown below:-

a b c d

e f g h

2. The two objects shown below are made up of more than one 3-D shape.
List the shapes they are made up of :-
a b

3. Which 3-dimensional figure would you get if you cut out each shape
and folded it up.
a b

4. Use a piece of isometric (dotty) paper

to draw a cuboid which is • •• • •• • •• • •• • •• • •
•
6 boxes by 2 boxes by 2 boxes.
••••••••••• •
••••••••••• •
• • • COPY• • • •
• • • •• • •• • •• • •• • •
•
••••••••••• •
••••••••••• •
• • • • • •
this is Chapter Fourteen page 159 THREE DIMENSIONS
 Calculators should NOT
Chapter 15 be used anywhere in Volume &
this chapter. Weight

Volume - What’s that ?

VOLUME ? - It is the
amount of SPACE taken
up by an object.

A bath holds more water than a kettle.

—> The bath has a larger VOLUME.

Exercise 1

1. Which of these holds more liquid when full ?

glass for juice wine glass

2. Put these shapes in order, starting with the one which holds the least.

cooking-pot
microwave
dishwasher

3. Which takes up less space - a football or a tennis ball ?

football tennis ball

4. Put these in order, starting with the one which takes up the most space.

Van lorry motor cycle Mini

this is Chapter Fifteen page 160 VOLUME & WEIGHT

5. Ten glasses of orange juice can be poured from this carton.
Six children have one glass each.
How many glasses can still be poured from the carton ?

6. Lucy has a bad cough.

The doctor gave her some medicine.
It had to be taken as follows :- 1 spoonful
Cough 3 times
Mixture
- one spoonful 3 times a day for 5 days. per day

How many spoonfuls will Lucy have

taken by the end of the 5 days ?

7. Nick has to take 2 capsules, 4 times per day for his fever.
a How many capsules does Nick take each day ?
b The tub hold 24 capsules.
How many days will the tub last Nick ?

8. Shown is part of a recipe for

4 ounce margarine Gingerbread Men
making Gingerbread. 6 ounce black treacle
2 ounce golden syrup
Use the list of ingredients to 2 ounce brown sugar
Quarter pint of milk
answer the following questions :-
2 eggs
1 rounded teaspoon mixed spice
a How much syrup is used ?
b Which piece of cutlery is used to measure out the mixed spice ?
c What does the recipe use less of - margarine or treacle ?
d The amount shown above will make 10 gingerbread men.
I only want to make five. How many eggs will I need to use ?

9. Julie’s dad makes “cherry cocktail” in a bowl for her 10th

birthday party.
The bowl holds 20 glasses of the mixture.
At the party Julie and her pals drink a total of 10 glasses
of the juice.
What fraction of the cherry cocktail is left after the party ?

this is Chapter Fifteen page 161 VOLUME & WEIGHT

 The Litre / Reading Scales

When you go shopping,

many of the liquids you
buy come in litres

Examples :-

3 litres of 5 litres
Ice-Cream of Paint
2 litres
1 litre of Cola of Milk

Exercise 2

1. How many litres of flavoured liquid are there in each bottle ?

a b c

5
3
4
4
3
3 2

2
2
1
1 1
litres litres litres

limeade strawberry grape

d e f

8 litres 2

6 litres
1
4 litres 1

2 litres
litres litres

cherry chocolate blueberry

this is Chapter Fifteen page 162 VOLUME & WEIGHT

2. Write down the volume of juice in these two cycle flasks :-
a b

2L 2L

1L 1L

3. Two beakers are filled with coloured water.

Take a reading of how many litres of water is in each one.
a b
8 litres
4 litres

4 litres
3 litres

4. Jane has a 1 litre carton of apple juice.

e
Which of the following usually holds less than 1 litre :- L itr

a coffee mug b wash-hand basin c teaspoon

d egg cup e can of lemonade f garden pond ?

5. Mr Todd has a 1 litre bottle of fizzy wine.

Which of the following usually holds more than 1 litre :-
a wine glass b jacuzzi
c baby’s bottle d oil drum
e pot for soup f a garden pond ?

6. A jug of milk holds 2 litres.

Ben pours himself half a litre.
How much is left in the jug ?

this is Chapter Fifteen page 163 VOLUME & WEIGHT

 7. A glass for juice can hold a quarter of a litre.
How many glasses can you fill from a :-
a 1 litre bottle of cola b 2 litre carton of pineapple juice
c 5 litre keg of orange d 10 litre barrel of cider ?

8. A painter opens a two and a half litre tin of paint.

He pours the paint evenly into half litre pots.
How many pots will he need ?

The Cubic Centimetre

Volume is the amount of space an
object takes up.
It is given in cubic centimetres

This is a picture of a CUBE.

1 cm
Each of its edges is 1 centimetre in length.
1 cm
1 cm It is known as - a CUBIC CENTIMETRE.

This solid has a volume of 3 cubic centimetres.

Exercise 3

1. Count the number of cubic centimetres in each of these shapes :-

a b c

d e f

this is Chapter Fifteen page 164 VOLUME & WEIGHT

 g h i

2. Lucy has a box of 10 bricks.

She builds each of the following shapes.
How many bricks out of the 10 is she left
with each time ?
a b c

d e f

3. Look again at question 2 and answer these questions :-

a Which shape has the largest volume ?
b Which shape has the smallest volume ?
c Which shapes have the same volume and what is that volume ?
d How many bricks would Lucy need to build ALL the solids
without knocking any of them down ?
e Lucy’s friend, Nick, only has 16 cubic centimetre bricks.
Make a list of the PAIRS of the above shapes Nick can make.
example - Nick can make shapes a and b from his 17 bricks.

this is Chapter Fifteen page 165 VOLUME & WEIGHT

4. Choose two yellow solids from the four shown below
which can be put together to make the red solid.
a b

c d

5. Write down the volume of this shape,

in cubic centimetres.

Weight
One of the best ways of trying to
guess the weight of
an object is to compare it
with something else.

This litre bottle of Cola and the block

of butter weigh 1 kilogram each.

If you were to hold this APPLE in your hand,

- ask yourself the question ........
”does it weigh more or less than a bottle of Cola” ?
If you think the apple is lighter, then it
must weigh less than 1 kilogram !

this is Chapter Fifteen page 166 VOLUME & WEIGHT

Exercise 4

1. Write down which is the lighter in each pair :-

a a mouse or a cat. b a lorry or a car.
c a golf ball or a football. d a CD or a video.

2. Write down which is the heavier in each pair :-

a a feather or a pen.
b a microwave oven or a washing machine.
c a magazine or a sheet of paper.
d a brick or a pebble.

3. Put these military objects in order of weight,

starting with the heaviest :-

medal cannon soldier ship tank

4. The litre bottle of Cola and the tub of butter shown in the introduction
each weigh 1 kilogram (1 kg).
What do you think these items weigh - answer more or less than 1 kg :-
a a packet of bubble gum b a colour printer
c a concrete slab d a mobile phone
e a pedal bin f a car battery ?

5. Write down the reading on each of these bathroom scales :-

a b

53 54 53 54

52 55 52 55

kg kg

this is Chapter Fifteen page 167 VOLUME & WEIGHT

 The Kilogram and the Gram

A gram is smaller than a

kilogram.
A kilogram is made up of 1 cm
1000 gram weights.
1 cm
1 cm

If you fill a hollow cubic

Something to Remember centimetre with water,
it will weigh 1 gram
1 kg = 1000 g

Examples :-
1. 5 kg = 5000 g 2. 3000 g = 3 kg

3. 2350 g = 2 kg 350 g 4. 1 kg 40 g = 1040 g

Exercise 5

1. Write these weights in grams :-

a 2 kg b 7 kg c 15 kg
d 20 kg e 55 kg f 3 kg 500 g
g 1 kg 700 g h 4 kg 250 g i 6 kg 610 g
j 3 kg 425 g k 7 kg 58 g l 10 kg 22 g
m 6 kg 80 g n 9 kg 8 g o 1 kg 1 g

2. The weights shown below are in grams.

Change each of them to kilograms - or - to kilograms AND grams :-
a 2000 g b 7000 g c 9000 g
d 16 000 g e 40 000 g f 72 000 g
g 5600 g h 6800 g i 18 200 g
j 9456 g k 7240 g l 2760 g
m 5002 g n 8080 g o 1015 g

this is Chapter Fifteen page 168 VOLUME & WEIGHT

3. Lucy is preparing a salad bowl for her mum’s
dinner party.
The list of vegetables Lucy uses is shown below.

Lettuce ......................... 200 g

a What is the total weight of
Carrots ......................... 240 g
Tomatoes ....................... 370 g the Lettuce, the Carrots
Spring Onion .................... 140 g and the Tomatoes ?
Red/Green Peppers ............ 215 g b What is the total weight of
Raddish .......................... 50 g
the Onions, the Peppers
Red Cabbage ................... 355 g
the Raddish and the
Cucumber ........................ 3
Cabbage ?

c What is the total weight of all the vegetables (except the cucumbers) ?
d Write the total weight of all these vegetables in kilograms and grams.
e Lucy’s mum says she puts in too much cucumber.
She tells Lucy to only put in half the amount.
How many cucumbers will Lucy now use in the salad ?

4. Lucy also “helps” with the dessert.

She buys one and a half kilograms of strawberries to have with ice-cream.
She eats 600 grams of them herself while she is putting them
into the dessert bowls !
a How many grams of strawberries did Lucy buy ?
b How many grams of strawberries were left for her
mum’s guests after Lucy had eaten her share ?

5. Santa left two parcels - one each for Jason

and his sister Danna.
Jason’s parcel weighed 3 kg 300 g and Danna’s
weighed 2 kg 700 g.
How much lighter was Danna’s parcel ?

6. Mrs Bryson bought two identical bottles of ketchup

from her local store. Each bottle weighed 880 grams.
a What is the total weight of the bottles, in grams ?
b What is their total weight in kilograms ?

this is Chapter Fifteen page 169 VOLUME & WEIGHT

7. Chef Ramsay has made two cakes.
Their total weight is 1 kg 750 g.
The strawberry cake weighs 900 grams.
What is the weight of the sponge cake ?

8. Three identical bags of potatoes weigh a total

of 3 kg 600 g.
a What is the weight of 1 bag, in kg and g ?
b What is the weight of 1 bag, in grams ?

9. To decorate a chocolate cake, Gemma needs

340 grams of Chocolate Buttons.
The Buttons can only be bought in 50 gram packets.
a How many packets will Gemma have to buy ?
b What weight of Chocolate Buttons will she have left over ?

10. Four boys went salmon fishing on a loch.

The largest fish each of them caught is
given in the table below :-

Alan - 1 kg 150 g Colin - 1 kg 400 g

Omar - 980 g Robert - 1 kg 5 g

a Write down the names of the boys in order, starting

with the one who caught the biggest fish.
b How many grams did Robert’s salmon weigh ?
c What was the difference in weight between the
largest and the smallest fish ?
d The local hotel keeper offers to buy any fish caught
fresh in the loch that day, as long as that the fish
weigh at least 1100 grams.
Which boys were not able to sell their salmon to the hotel ?

this is Chapter Fifteen page 170 VOLUME & WEIGHT

 Topic in a Nutshell

1. Put these shapes in order, starting with the one which holds the most.

Wheelie Bin Bin Lorry Skip

2. Twelve cups of coffee can be poured from this pot.

Nine children have one cup each.
a How many cups can still be poured from the pot ?
b What fraction of the coffee still remains in the pot ?

3. How many litres of juice are there in each bottle ?

a b

4 2

3
1
2

1 litres
litres
pink limonade

lemon squash

4. Ben buys a 5 litre bottle of water.

He pours half a litre of the water into a kettle.
How much water is left in the bottle ?

this is Chapter Fifteen page 171 VOLUME & WEIGHT

5. How many cubic centimetres are there in each of these three shapes :-
a b c

6. Write down which is the heavier in each pair :-

a boots or slippers.
b a cake of soap or a rubber duck.
c a bicycle or a motor bike.

7. Write down the reading

on the bathroom scales.

53 54

52 55

kg

8. Write these weights in grams :-

a 9 kg b 72 kg c 1 kg 500 g d 6 kg 30 g

9. Write these weights in kilograms or kilograms and grams :-

a 3000 g b 1750 g c 2020 g d 9005 g

10. Sisters Bobbie and Bunnie were handed a parcel each

by aunt Mary for their birthday.
Bobbie’s parcel weighed 2 kg 900 g, but
Bunnie’s parcel was 400 grams heavier.
How heavy was Bunnie’s parcel ?

this is Chapter Fifteen page 172 VOLUME & WEIGHT

 Calculators should Revision
Chapter 16
NOT be used anywhere
in this chapter unless Level C
asked to do so.

1. Write the following numbers in words :-

a 5470 b 8026 c 9003 d 7989.

2. Write the following using figures :-

a four thousand three hundred and seventy two
b six thousand five hundred and four
c eight thousand and forty.

3. Put the following numbers in order starting with the largest :–

3010, 2998, 2899, 3002, 2987, 3101, 2098.

4. What does the 5 stand for in each of the following :–

a 4052 b 6571 c 5203 d 8815 ?

5. a What is the number that is 100 up from 4260 ?

b What number is 300 down from 4450 ?

6. Copy and complete this fraction statement, using the diagram to help.

1 ?
= =
3 6

7. Find the missing values here :–

3
= ? 12
= 3 8
a b c = 2.
5 10 16 ? 12 ?

8. Lucy used a calculator to work Texio FX 71

out how much MONEY she owed.
11·6
It showed 11·6 on the display.
7 8 9 0 ON
How much money did Lucy owe ?

9. Write the following in pounds using the £ symbol :–

a 3 pounds and 27 pence. b 9 pounds and 4 pence.

this is Chapter Sixteen page 173 REVISION of LEVEL C

10. a I bought a C.D. for £7·75 and
a magazine for 83p.
How much change did I receive from a £10 note ?
b If my change was all in coins, what is the
fewest number of coins I could receive ?
(List the coins).

11. Do the following mentally (just write down your answers) :-

a 6+6 b 47 + 6 c 89 + 7 d 128 + 8
e 360 + 30 f 90 + 520 g 35 – 7 h 72 – 8
i 150 – 3 j 540 – 30 k 610 – 60 l 800 – 40.

12. Copy down the following and find :–

a 407 b 621 c 800 d 821 – 65.
+ 54 – 60 – 58

13. Find the following :– (you must know your tables by now).
a 5x6 b 3x7 c 8x6 d 4x9
e 7x7 f 8x7 g 7x9 h 7x6
i 5x7 j 9x8 k 6x9 l 10 x 8.

14. Do the following mentally (just write down your answers) :-

a 10 x 9 b 7 x 10 c 19 x 10 d 10 x 61
e 140 ÷ 10 f 10 x 521 g 700 ÷ 10 h 10 x 819.

15. Copy down the following and find :–

a 19 b 29 c 82 d 49
x 6 x 5 x 8 x 7

16. Copy down the following and find :–

336
a 4 156 b 8 464 c 504 ÷ 7 d
6

17. Round the following numbers to the nearest 10 :–

a 73 b 277 c 133 d 35

this is Chapter Sixteen page 174 REVISION of LEVEL C

18. Find an approximate answer the following by ROUNDING
the 518 and 78 :–
“518 + 78”
is about 520 + ....
= .................

19. Find :–
1 1 1 1
a of 62 b of 27 c of 85 d of 410.
2 3 5 10

20. Write down the next 3 numbers in each of the following patterns :–
a 4, 8, 12, 16, ... b 10, 20, 30, 40, ...
c 56, 48, 40, 32 ... d 5, 8, 11, 14, ...
e 11, 17, 23, 29, ... f 50, 47, 44, 41, ...

21. Calculate the values of the “?”s in these number machines :-

IN OUT IN OUT
a 5 x 4 ? b
40 quartered ?

IN OUT IN OUT
c d
? + 5 7 25 ? 18

22. How many grams are in :–

1 1
a 2 kg b 5 kg c 2
kg d 2 4 kg ?

23. Estimate the volume of liquid 4

in this jug (in litres).
2
2
24. Write down the areas of these 2 shapes (in cm ). litres

a b

this is Chapter Sixteen page 175 REVISION of LEVEL C

25. The width of the classroom door is about :–
1 m, 2 m, 4 m, 10 m, 20 m — Which one ?

26. What is a good estimate for the length of this line ?

• • 1 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm — Which one ?

27. To what numbers are these arrows below pointing ?

a b
4 6 8 70 80 90

c d
120 130 140 300 400 500

28. 3·40 pm means 20 to 4 in the afternoon.

Write the following times in a similar way :–
a 7·55 am b 3·50 pm c 12·35 am.

29. How long is it from :–

a 8 am till 11 am b 7·15 pm till 7·55 pm
c 10 to 6 till 25 past 6 d 11·35 am till 12·30 pm ?

30. 25th December 1988 can be written as 25.12.88.

Write down the following in the same way :–
a 14th May 1969 b 23rd July 1999 c 9th April 2001.

31. a Jane’s birthday is on the 24th July.

Ravi’s birthday is 12 days later.
On what date is Ravi’s birthday ?

b Ben’s birthday is on the 5th December.

He went to a Safari Park 1 week
before his birthday.
On what date did he visit the park ?
this is Chapter Sixteen page 176 REVISION of LEVEL C
32. Name the following mathematical shapes :–

a b c

d e f

33. Name the red shape in each of the following :–

a b c d

34. 6 cm Use a pair of compasses to draw a full

size circle which has a radius of 6 cm.

35. Lucy arranges to meet

Cafe
Jane in the cafe. Rose Street Duke Street

Afterwards, they plan

Dunn Street

Cove Street
Hope Lane

Brown Way
Bath Lane

to go to the cinema.
Cinema

Describe clearly what Hill Row

directions they would High Street

take to get to from the
cafe to the cinema.

(use comments like take the

2nd on the left into ....Street)

this is Chapter Sixteen page 177 REVISION of LEVEL C

36. Make a neat copy of these shapes.
Mark, in colour or as a dotted line, the lines of symmetry.
a b c

37. a Make an accurate drawing of the following 2 shapes on squared paper.

b Complete each figure by drawing the missing half of each shape so

that the red line is a line of symmetry.

38. This diagram shows a RIGHT ANGLE.

How many degrees are there in a right angle ?

39. State the special name used to describe the following angles :–
a b c

40. Calculate the size of the blue shaded

angle in this figure.

this is Chapter Sixteen page 178 REVISION of LEVEL C

41. A group of children were asked
Flower Tally Number
to name their favourite flower.
Marks

pansy daisy daisy daffodil daffodil pansy

daffodil pansy daisy rose daisy daisy

buttercup rose daisy daffodil pansy daffodil

pansy daisy pansy daisy rose rose

buttercup daisy daisy pansy daffodil buttercup

a Copy the tally table and use tally marks to fill in the 2nd column.
b Complete your table by filling in the 3rd column .

42. The database shows the results

Name Age Brothers Weight
of a survey of the name, age,
Sisters
brothers/sisters and weight
Tom 12 1 46 kg
of seven children.
Lynn 14 2 36 kg
a One boy has 3 sisters. Which boy ?
Joan 11 2 34 kg
b How many children weighed over
Steve 12 1 48 kg
45 kilograms
Bill 14 2 51 kg
c How old was the girl who
Alan 13 3 46 kg
weighed 36 kilograms ?
Brian 10 0 36 kg
d Describe Joan in words
using the table to help you ?

43. Children were asked to name their favourite ice cream flavours.
Flavour Vanilla Mint Chocolate Strawberry Banana

Number 14 18 16 12 2

16
Use a ruler to draw a (VERY
12
NEAT) bar graph using the
given scale and label your
COPY
8
diagram.
4

Vanilla Mint

this is Chapter Sixteen page 179 REVISION of LEVEL C

this is Chapter Sixteen page 180 REVISION of LEVEL C
 Answers to Book C

Answers Level C page 181

Answers to Chapter 0
34. a faces = 5, edges = 9, corners = 6
1. a ninety six b faces = 5, edges = 8, corners = 5
b one hundred and twenty three 35. a yes b yes c no
c four hundred and fifty nine d yes e no f yes
d nine hundred and five 36. a cup/saucer b salt and pepper
2. a 62 b 715 c 590 d 804 37. see drawing
3. a 147 b 279 c 677 38. a Frank b Drac
d 620 e 190 f 995 39. only “c”
4. a 390, 302, 211, 208, 199, 96, 89 40. a yes b yes c no
b 817, 807, 803, 800, 799, 798, 789, 779 d yes e yes f no
5. see drawings 41. a Tommy and John b Green c 2
6. see drawings 42. a brown b 8 c 3
7. a 2 b 4
8. a 67p b 50p, 10p, 5p, 2p Answers to Chapter 1
9. a 5 b 12 c 20 Exercise 1
10. a 10 b 38 c 70 d 170 1. a tens b thousand c units d hundred
e 51 f 13 g 100 h 210 2. a thousand b tens c units d hundreds
11. a 95 b 82 c 54 d 7 3. a five hundred and sixty two
12. a 14 b 40 c 20 d 27 b seven hundred and eight
e 60 f 8 g 7 h 7 c nine thousand three hundred and seventeen
i 6 j 45 k 6 l 9 d eight thousand eight hundred and twenty seven
13. a 153 b 170 c 610 d 14 e ninety eight
e 46 f 17 g 252 h 18 f five thousand and thirty
14. a 21p b 45g g eight thousand and six
15. a £99 b 45g h nine thousand one hundred and three
16. a 60 b 80 c 40 d 20 4. a 850 b 705 c 7800 d 6204
17. a 40 b 70 e 5063 f 9014 g 1234
18 a £13 b 34g c £4 d 10 kg 5. a 215 b three hundred and eight
19. 66, 62, 130, 6, 402 6. a 237, 270, 289, 298, 299, 300, 304, 310, 317
20. a 15, 18, 21 b 25, 30, 35 c 40, 30, 20 b 5045, 5897, 5989, 6001, 6054, 6099, 6104, 6200
d 53, 63, 73 e 14, 17, 20 f 33, 22, 11 c 791, 989, 991, 999, 1002, 1009, 1090, 1099,
21. a b 1900, 1910
7. a 360 b 690 c 4300 d 1430
e 1670 f 6100 g 2000 h 2700
i 3200 j 670 k 9200 l 5400
8. a 1988 b 1929
c d 9. a = 14, b = 96, c = 101, d = 26, e = 38, f = 430
g = 520, h = 120, i = 210, j = 350, k = 425
10. a 6 b 18 c 28
d 24 e 250 f 80
22. a 7 b 8 c 7 11. a 16°C b 7°C c 44°C
d 5 e 17 f 24 d 170°C e 3°C f 125°C
23. a x b + c – d ÷ 12. a 700m b 1700m c 1250m
24. a = 18, b = 21, c = 66, d = 79 Chapter 1
25. 85 cm, 90 cm, 105 cm, 1 m 6 cm, 1 m 83 cm Exercise 2
26. a 325 cm b 256 cm c 108 cm
d 4 m 30 cm e 2 m 7 cm 1. a 61 b 68 c 31 d 23
27. a half past 8 (8·30) b quarter to 2 (1·45) e 45 f 74 g 550 h 540
28. a quarter past six b quarter to twelve i 250 j 410 k 713 l 430
29. June 17th, June 30th, July 23rd, August 1st m 50 n 65 o 530 p 660
30. January, March, June, August, December 2. a 47 b 56 c 34 d 61
31. a square b rectangle e 81 f 72 g 200 h 340
c circled d triangle i 440 j 610 k 310 l 810
32. a cube b cuboid m 240 n 460 o 300 p 680
c cone d cylinder 3. a 64 b 51 c 39 d 66
e sphere f triangular prism e 78 f 39 g 58 h 87
g pyramid i 9 j 243 k 311 l 390
33. a 6 b 12 c 8 m 190 n 560 o 740 p 890

Answers Level C page 182

4. a 33 b 51 c 36 d 24 3. a 2 b 4 c 4
e 62 f 85 g 53 h 67 d 4 e 2 f 2
i 220 j 440 k 260 l 420 4. a b
m 640 n 550 o 880 p 670
5. a 34 b 38m
c (i) £260 (ii) £80
d 150m
e (i) 29 (ii) 43 (iii) 14 years c d
f (i) 740m (ii) 60m
g (i) 440g (ii) 520g (iii) 760g
6. a 4 b 7 c 9 d 6
e 1 f 4 g 4 h 7
i 7 j 1 k 4 l 8 e f none
m 5 n 1 o 2 p 9
7. a 8 b 70m
8. a 350 b 70
430 410 760 150
80 140 60 690 770 80 g h
c 540 d 490
610 600 580 560
70 130 60 90 160 70
e 470 f 500
670 530 410 450 5. a 4 b 2 c 2 d 1
200 140 60 90 140 50 e 1 f 5 g 2 h 8
i 4 j 1 k 0 l 1
Answers to Chapter 2
Exercise 1 Chapter 2
1. a yes b yes c yes Exercise 2
d no e yes f yes 1. a b
2. a b

c d
c none d

e f
e f

g h g h

i j

2. a b

k l

Answers Level C page 183

2. c d Chapter 3
Exercise 3
1. a £20·00 b £14·70
2. a £5·10 b £8·95
3. £12·49
e f 4. £15·00
5. a £3·95 b 5p
6. a £16·19 b £3·81
7. a £10·82 b £9·18
8. £1·75
9. £1·46

Answers to Chapter 4
Answers to Chapter 3 Exercise 1
Exercise 1 1. a 4 o’clock b 7 o’clock
1. a 2 b 10 c 17 c half past 2 d half past 11
d 26 e 62 f 80 e quarter past 1 f quarter to 8
g 105 h 92 i 150 g quarter past 6 h quarter to 4
2. a 2 b 5 c 6 2. a 20 past 6 b 10 past 1 c 25 past 8
d 11 e 14 f 31 d 20 to 9 e 10 to 3 f 25 to 2
3. a 2 b 3 c 7 g 5 past 10 h 5 to 6
d 8 e 16 f 22 3. a 7·25 or 25 past 7 b 9·45 or quarter to 10
4. a 36p b 59p c £1 c 2·35 or 25 to 3 d 6·50 or 10 to 7
5. a 5p and 1p b 20p and 2p e 10·20 or 20 past 10 f 8·10 or 10 past 8
c 20p and 10p d 50p and 20p g 10·15 or quarter past 10 h 11·35 or 25 to 12
e 50p, 20p and 10p f £1, 10p and 1p Chapter 4
6. a 3 b 5 c 8 d 9
Exercise 2
7. a 100 b 500 c 800 d 700
8. a £1 and 40p b £2 and 47p 1. a 2·30 or 1/2 past 2 b 3·45 or 1/4 to 4
c £3 and 64p d £1 and 7p c 6·15 or 1/4 past 6 d 8·50 or 10 to 9
e £9 and 99p f £2 and 5p e 7·20 or 20 past 7 f 9·40 or 20 to 10
g £0 and 36p h £0 and 2p g 12·55 or 5 to 1 h 1·35 or 25 to 2
2. a 5·15 b 9·30 c 3·45 d 7·10
Chapter 3
e 9·25 f 9·40 g 2·55 h 3·35
Exercise 2 i 5·45 j 7·40 k 5·55 l 7·30
1. a £6·13 b £4·62 c £5·78 3. a 10 past 5 or 5:10 b 25 to 4 or 3:35
d £3·02 e £0·29 f £0·03 c 10 to 2 or 1:50 d 20 past 9 or 9:20
2. a £0·68 b £0·99 c £0·90 d £1·28 Chapter 4
e £1·74 f £1·63 g £2·80 h £10·00
Exercise 3
i £10·30 j £8·68 k £5·00 l £10·20
m £11·11 n £13·40 o £13·38 p £13·30 1. a 8 o’clock in the morning or 8:00 am
q £17·00 r £12·01 s £15·30 t £8·77 b 1/2 past eleven in the morning or 11:30 am
u £11·97 c 1/4 past 9 at night or 9:15 pm
3. a £0·20 b £0·60 c £0·50 d £0·35 d 1/4 to eight in the morning or 7:45 am
e £0·55 f £1·15 g £4·30 h £4·30 e Ten to 7 at night or 6:50 pm
i £7·00 j £1·02 k £1·45 l £4·15 f 5 to eleven in the morning or 10:55 am
m £5·47 n £3·76 o £0·90 g 25 to eleven at night or 10:35 pm
4. 87p 1/2 past 3 in the afternoon or 3:30 pm
h
5. 13p
i 10 to 11 in the morning or 10:50 am
6. 13p
j 20 past 6 in the morning or 6:20 am
7. a £1·10 b 40p
k 5 past 7 at night or 7:05 pm
8. a £1·90 b 10p
l midnight or 12:00 am
9. a £6·70 b 30p
10. a 70p b £4·30 2. a 8:15 pm b 10:45 am and 11:30 am
11. a £2·70 b No - 20p short c 7:25 pm and 8:40 pm d 12:50 pm
12. a £2·12 b e 6:50 am and 7:55 am f 3:40 pm and 5:25 pm
£2, 10p, 2p

Answers Level C page 184

3. a 1/2 past 2 in the afternoon 12. a 33 mins b 36 mins c 3 mins
b 1/4 to 10 in the morning 13. a 6:45 pm b 3:50 pm c 7:40 pm d 7:25 pm
c 10 to 11 at night Chapter 4
d 10 past 6 in the morning Exercise 5
e 1/2 past 11 in the morning
1. a January b December c August
f 10 to 6 at night
d April e check list
g 25 to 11 in the morning
2. a 31 b 28 (29) c 30 d 30
h 25 to 6 in the morning
e 31 f 31 g 30 h 31
i 8 minutes to 8 at night
3. a June b March c October d August
j 25 past 10 at night
4. a 23:02:04 b 19:04:03 c 22:07:04 d 18:08:97
k 5 to 12 in the morning
e 07:06:85 f 03:03:88 g 10:12:02 h 01:01:01
l 12 o’clock at noon
4. Penmure – 25 past 11 in the morning
Answers to Chapter 5
Overton – 1 minute to 12 in the morning
Dunure – 20 past 12 in the afternoon Exercise 1
Helsby – 5 past 1 in the afternoon 1. a 192 b 153 c 441 d 208
5. check copy e 225 f 198 g 384 h 567
a 5 to 10 in the morning 2. a 1840 b 960 c 2120 d 1780
b 5 past 11 in the morning e 1110 f 4550 g 2160 h 3600
c 1:35 pm 3. a 441 b 370 c 344 d 135
d 10 past 2 in the afternoon e 1740 f 1040 g 1860 h 1560
e 2:55 pm 4. a £228 b 360g c 360 cm
6. 5 minutes late d 960 ml e 288 hrs
7. Palma – 20 to 12 in the morning 5. a 18 b 32 c 50 d 94
Barcelona – 25 to 1 in the afternoon 6. a 21 b 30 c 60 d 117
Ibiza – 5 past 1 in the afternoon 7. a 35 b 100 c 15 d 150
Tenerife – 10 to 3 in the afternoon 8. a 170 b 145 c 170
Nice – 20 past 3 in the afternoon 9. a 4, 6, 30 b 40
8. 8:55 am —> 9:55 am —> 10:20 am —> 11:45 am —> 10. Tom – 62, Dick – 126, Harry – 52
12:00 noon —> 12:35 pm —> 12:50 pm —> 12:55 pm Jean – 123, Alex – 67, Karen – 83
9. a afternoon
b (i) 10 to 4 in the afternoon
Chapter 5
(ii) 25 past 5 at night Exercise 2
(iii) 25 to 8 at night 1. a 18 b 23 c 15 d 14
(iv) 10 to 9 at night e 13 f 12 g 11 h 47
c Count–up 2. a 33 b 45 c 142 d 35
d (i) Neighbours At Home e 42 f 63 g 207 h 266
(ii) Sports Roundup i 134 j 62 k 99 l 97
(iii) Big Sister 3. a 16 b 25 c 19 d 312
Chapter 4 e 14 f 69 g 52 h 56
i 181 j 125 k 126 l 43
Exercise 4
4. a 23p b 31 kg c 17 secs d 64 ml
1. a 15 b 20 c 30 d 25 e 45g f 54 secs g 43 h £76
e 40 f 35 g 35 h 25 5. a 48 b 48
2. 45 minutes 6. a 4 b 3 c 5
3. a 20 b 35 c 40 7. a 82 b 84 c 47
d 12 e 13 f 46
Chapter 5
4. 40 minutes
5. 45 minutes Exercise 3
6. 45 minutes 1. a 310 b 560 c 730 d 900
7. a 25 mins b 15 mins c 40 mins e 170 f 1170 g 3210 h 2060
d 45 mins e 35 mins i 5300 j 4000 k 6050 l 200
8. 5:35 pm 2. a 420 b 770 c 180 d 950
9. a 3:55 pm b 2:50 am c 9:30 am d 6:25 pm e 2130 f 1850 g 3200 h 8030
e 8:15 am f 6:20 pm g 7:55 am h 11:30 am 3. a 470p (£4·70) b 3750g
10. a Barrhead c 520 trees d 5200 ml
b (i) 12 mins (ii) 20 mins (iii) 18 mins 4. a 60 mm b 180 mm c 750 mm
c (i) 24 mins (ii) 38 mins (iii) 56 mins d 1200 mm e 7430 mm
11. yes - by 5 minutes

Answers Level C page 185

Chapter 5 Chapter 5
Exercise 4 Exercise 7
1. a 27 b 94 c 162 d 80 1. £33
e 30 f 508 g 720 h 606 2. £4995
i 500 j 800 k 100 l 101 3. 314 people
2. a 64 b 72 c 190 d 420 4. £3904
e 608 f 560 g 176 h 100 5. 2150 kg
3. a 58 b 71 c 95 d 76 6. 338 cm
e 90 f 408 g 600 h 905 7. 32 ml
4. a 4 cm b 9 cm c 16 cm 8. 1855 m
d 40 cm e 72 cm 9. 60 trays
5. a 18 b 64 c 30 10. 240 m
d 700 ml e 32 11. £10925
6. £1000 12. £2645
7. 4 gallons 13. 4380 days
8. a 200 b 20 c 100 14. a 3120g b 260g
Chapter 5 15. a 84 mins b 360 mins c 4380 mins
Exercise 5 16. 10 800 ml
17. a 44 640 mins b 43 200 mins
1. 43 lies between 40 and 50 c 132 480 mins
43 is closer to 40 than 50
43 rounds to 40 (to the nearest 10) Answers to Chapter 6
2. 167 lies between 160 and 170
167 is closer to 170 than 160 Exercise 1
167 rounds to 170 (to the nearest 10) 1. a 7 b 6 c 5 d 24
3. 62 lies between 60 and 70 2. a |||| || b ||||
43 is closer to 60 than 70 c |||| d |||| |||
62 rounds to 60 (to the nearest 10) e |||| |||| f |||| ||||
4. a between 80 and 90 — 90 g | | | | | | | || | h |||| |||||||| ||
b between 120 and 130 — 120 3. a Cola —4
c between 250 and 260 — 260 Orange — 5
d between 600 and 610 — 610 Water —3
5. a 50 b 80 c 20 d 80 Irn Bru — 10
e 150 f 180 g 220 h 420 Lemon — 6
i 70 j 200 k 200 l 890 b 5 c Irn Bru d 6 e 28
6. a 140 b 430 miles c 200 cm 4. a P 1 —1
d 150 pounds e 480 dollars P2 —3
Chapter 5 P3 —0
Exercise 6 P4 —5
1. a 58 + 77 b 94 + 86 c 36 + 68 d 137 + 264 P5 — 10
60 + 80 90 + 9 0 40 + 70 140 + 2 6 0 P6 —2
= 140 = 180 = 110 = 400 P7 —3
b (i) 3 (ii) 0 (iii) 5
e 131 – 88 f 197 – 133 g 262 – 188 h 493 – 416 c P5 d 24
130 – 90 200 – 130 260 – 1 9 0 490 – 4 2 0
= 40 = 70 = 70 = 70 5. a Winter — 5
Spring — 7
Summer — 16
i 674 + 188 j 503 – 438 k 819 + 263 l 996 – 599 Autumn — 2
670 + 1 9 0 500 – 4 4 0 820 + 2 6 0 1000 – 6 0 0
= 860 = 60 = 1080 = 400 b 5 c Summer
6. a 18 —5
2. a 80 b 160 c 90 d 220 19 —2
e 20 f 120 g 160 h 200 20 —5
3. 550 stamps 21 —1
22 —2
23 —8
24 —0
25 —1
b 24 c 502
Answers Level C page 186
7. a 7 —2 9. see bar graph
8 —5 10. various
9 —6
10 — 11 Chapter 6
11 — 9 Exercise 4
12 — 3
8. various – check 1. a 7
b (i) 6 (ii) 4 (iii) 10
Chapter 6 c 30
Exercise 2 2. a soup b steak
1. a (i) 5 (ii) 0 (iii) 3 b 23 c Mr T — ice cream
2. a 8 b 4 c 9 Mrs T — cake
d 5 e 1 3. a (i) 15 (ii) 17 (iii) 22
3. a Aug —8 b 18, 24, 24
Sep — 16 c 33
Oct —7 d (i) 41 (ii) 46 (iii) 120
Nov — 10 4. a 1·30 pm b Games hall
Dec —1 c 200m race d 1 pm on the Track
b December c 42 5. a (i) Catlady (ii) Catlady (iii) Catlady
4. a 4 b Studio 1 at 9 pm or Studio 2 at 7 pm
b HJ — 10 6. a (i) £250 (ii) £390 (iii) £400
LJ —7 b Zante for 2 weeks
100m — 20 c £400
200m — 18
800m — 11 Answers to Chapter 7
c 17 d 66 Exercise 1
5. check pictograph (with key) 1. a 8 b 24
Chapter 6 2. a 9 b 24
Exercise 3 3. a 11 b 8 c 24 d 4
e 21 f 7 g 35 h 5
1. a 15 b 9 c 22 d 62 i 37 j 57
2. a mice — 17 4. a 6 b 17 c 55
snake —2 d 120 e 1000
cat — 14 5. a 4 b 5 c 10 d 48
fish — 21 6. a 21
dog — 16 b (i) 13 (ii) 27 (iii) 0 (iv) 62
b 70 c (i) 12 (ii) 4 (iii) 15 (iv) 99
3. a 8 7. 4
b Lemon — 8 8. a 7 b 9 c 3 d 5
Irn Bru — 42 e 1 f –2 g +12 h –17
Cola — 28 9. a 1 — 9p
Water — 14 2 — 18p
Orange — 18 3 — 27p
c 24 d 110 4 — 36p
4. a (i) 8 (ii) 2 (iii) 9 (iv) 11 5 — 45p
b 6 c 36 6 — 54p
5. a 100m — 12 b times 9 c 108p
200m — 10
800m —6 10. a 1 2 3 4 5 6
LJ —9 4 8 12 16 20 24
HJ —3 b x4 c 120
b 40 11. a Cakes Cost
6. a Blue — 16 1 £2·50
Red — 20 2 £5·00 x 2·50
Green — 12 3 £7·50
Black — 28 4 £10·00
Purple —6
b 82 b (i) £10 (ii) £25
7. see bar graph
8. see bar graph
Answers Level C page 187
Chapter 7 3. a See drawings b colour
Exercise 2 c 2p = 150 mm and 25 mm 10p = 144mm and 24 mm
4. See drawing
1. a 15 b 23 c 5 5. See drawing
d 27 e 3 6. See drawing
2. a 11 b 26 c 36 7. See drawing
d 101 e 1 8. See drawing
3. a 24 b 9 c 4 9. See drawing
d 0 e 24 f 1 10. See drawing
4. a 22 11/12. See drawing
b (i) 16 (ii) 17 (iii) 5 (iv) 31
c (i) 10 (ii) 5 Chapter 8
d 4 (*Difficult) Exercise 4
Chapter 7 1 a Drawing b draw radius c colour
Exercise 3 2. drawing
3/4/5/6/7/8. See drawings
1. a 3y b 3p c 3h d 3t
2. a 5x b 5y c 5k Answers to Chapter 9
3. a 6a b 2x c 8y d 15k
e x+3 f y–5 Exercise 1
1. a yes b yes c no
Answers to Chapter 8 d no e yes f yes
Exercise 1 2. a 9 b 8
3. 1 - smaller 2 - smaller 3 - bigger 4 - bigger
1. a A, B, D, G, I, J 5 - smaller 6 - bigger 7 - bigger 8 - bigger
b Sketches for semicircle, square, hexagon, kite, 9 - smaller 10 - smaller 11 - bigger 12 - Right
triangle, rectangle 13 - Right
c cube, cone, sphere, pyramid, triangular prism 4. a none b 2, 3 & 4 c 1 & 5
d L 5. loads !!! (83)
2. a pentagon b 5 c 5 6.
3. a 4, 4 b 3, 3 c 8, 8 d 6, 6 * *
* * * *
4. a 6 b rectangle c square
5. a square b triangle * *
* * * *
*
6. a triangular prism b triangle c rectangle
7. a circle b square c semi-circle *
* *
d triangle, rectangle e rectangle *
* *
8. See drawings *
* *
*
*
* *
Chapter 8 * *
*
*
*

Exercise 2 ** * *
* *
* *
1. See drawings *
* *
*
2. See drawings * * *
3. See drawings
4. See drawings Chapter 9
5. See drawings
6. See drawings Exercise 2
7. See drawings 1. a 90° b 180° c 360°
8. See drawings 2. a 90° b 180° c 90°
9. See drawings (various) d 180° e 270° f 360°
10. a yes b yes c yes d yes 3. a 90° b 180° c 90°
e no f yes g yes h no d 270° e 90° f 270°
i yes j no k yes l no g 360° h 270° i 30°
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Exercise 3
Exercise 3
1. List e.g. coins pizza tyre polo mint pot tin
can mirror ............. 1. a R b A c O
2. a Drawing b Drawing with diameter d A e S f O
c 2p = 25 mm 10p = 24 mm g R h A i O
2. a O b R c O
d A e O f R
Answers Level C page 188
3. a O b A c O d O m 2/3 n 1/5 o 3/7 p 2/9
e A f O g S h A 11. a 5/10 b 1/2
4. A = smaller than 90 O = between 90 and 180
R = exactly 90 S = exactly 180 12. a 20/30 b 2/3
5. 40° 25° 62° 88° 10/12 5/6
13. a b
6. 105° 178° 150° 189° 92°
14. 1/4
7. a A b O c A d R
e O f A g O h A 15. a 20 b 2/5 c 3/5

i S j O k A l O 16. a 20p b 3/10 c 1/5 d 1/2

8. a O (110°) b A (70°) c O (110°) 17. a 24 b 1/3
d S (180°) e O (150°) f R (90°) c 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/24, 1/12
g S (180°) h A (89°) i R (90°)
Chapter 10
Answers to Chapter 10 Exercise 3
Exercise 1 1. 10p
1/4 2. ÷ 4 ........... = 9 cm
1.
3. a 40p b 7m c 9g
2. 1/3
d £4 e 6 litres f £11
3. a 1/5 b 1/6 c 1/10 d 1/8 g 4 cm h 4p i 13p
4. 3 parts red 3/4 4. a 8 b 16
5. a Pentagon b 5 c 3 d 3/5 5. a 9 miles b 27 miles
6. a 2/3 b 2/5 c 4/6 (2/3) d 3/8 6. 6 roses
7. 8 hours
e 5/6 f 4/9 g 4/5 h 4/7
8. a 4 b colour drawing (any 4)
7. a 3/5 b 1/3 2/6 5/8 1/6 5/9 1/5 3/7
c any 3 blue, any 6 yellow d 11
8. a Drawing b 3 bits 9. a 30 b 5 c 10 days
9. a Drawing b 8 bits 10. a 54p b 45p
10. a Drawing b 3 bits
11. a Drawing b 5 bits
Answers to Chapter 11
12. 3/5
13. a 1/7 b 2/7 c 4/7 Exercise 1
14. a 9 b 3 c 3/9 (1/3) 1. a Ann b Joe c Joe
d 2/9 e 4/9 d Ted e Sam f Sid
7 2. a sausage b salami c turkey d sausage
15. /10
e chicken f kebabs g turkey h chops
16. 3/5 i 2 below j 2nd left
17. a 5/6 b 1/6 3. a h’copter b tram c m’bike d plane
18. a 4/12 (1/3) b 4/12 c 3/12 (1/4) d 8/12 (2/3) e backie f rickshaw g taxi h pram
19. a Mon, Tues, Wed, Thurs, Fri, Sat, Sun i ship j old car
b Sat, Sun c 2/7 4. a 2 to the right b 3 to the left
c. 3 to the right d. 4 to the left and 2 up
Chapter 10 5. a ship b rickshaw c jeep d jeep
Exercise 2 6. a (i) Mave (ii) Twins (iii) Alice
1. a 2/3 b 4/6 c 2/3 = 4/6 b (i) Alice (ii) Henry (iii) Back to Brenda
3 6 c Jake & Brian d Jake e Twins
2. /4 = /8
7. a Ian b Christina c Karen
3. a 4/6 = 2/3 b 6/10 = 3/5 d Jim e Ian
c 15/18 = 5/6 d 2/6 = 1/3 f 1/4 turn clockwise OR 3/4 turn anticlockwise
e 10/16 = 5/8 f 6/9 = 2/3

4. 2/5 Chapter 11
5. 1/3 Exercise 2
6. a 4/5 b 2/7 c 6/11 d 5/9 1. a 2 forward, turn left, 2 forward, turn right,
7. a 3/4 b 1/7 c 2/5 d 7/8 2 forward, turn right, 2 forward, turn left, 3 forward.
1 2/5 6/7 3/8 b 3 forward, turn left, 1 forward, turn right,
8. a /3 b c d
1 forward, turn left, 2 forward, turn right, 3 forward.
9. 3/5 c 2 forward, turn right, 2 forward, turn left,
10. a 1/5 b 1/5 c 1/3 d 1/5
2 forward, turn left, 3 forward, turn right, 3 forward.
e 2/9 f 2/3 g 1/3 h 3/4

i 3 /4 j 4/5 k 5/6 l 4/5

Answers Level C page 189

2. a Come out of house, turn left into BOND Street., Chapter 11
turn 1st LEFT into TEMPLE Road. Exercise 4
The temple is the 3RD building on the right.
b Come out of house, turn right into BOND St., 1. a A c b Ce c Ed d Da
turn 1st RIGHT into JOHN St. 2. a C 3 b F1 c D4
Walk along John St. and take the 4TH road on the d A2 e E2 f Bv0
left. This is BANK St. 3. Q is I 7, R is C 3, S is J 10, T is A 5,
The bank is the 1ST building on the LEFT . U is Jv1, V is E 6, W is F 2.
c Out house, turn right into Bond St, along Bond St, 4. a Len b Fred c Jim d Kit
WM is 3rd building on right. e Don f Sid g Tom h Col.
d Out library, turn right into Read St, along Read St, 5. a (i) £1 (ii) 50p (iii) 0 (iv) 50p (v) 0 (vi) 0
take 4th right into Air Way, along Air Way, b B 4 C 4 E 2 F 1.
Airport is 3rd building on right. c £5 D 2
e Out school, turn right into George St, along 6. a (i) Tiger Lion Puma (ii) Eagle Hawk Parrot
George St, take 2nd road on right onto b Shark E 4
Dale Rd, factory 1st building on left. c Fox B 5 d Snake A 2 e C 5
f Out Police Station, turn right into Pit Rd, Chapter 11
along Pit Rd, take 4th on left into Farm Rd, Exercise 5
along Farm Rd, farm is 2nd building on left.
About Turn back down Farm Rd take 3rd road on 1. Divide
right into Read St, then first left into Temple Rd, 2. Add
Golf Club is 1st building on left. Other Answers ! 3. Rocket ship
3. a Out of shops, forward 2 spaces. turn left, 4. Football strip
forward 7 spaces, turn right, forward 3 spaces. 5. Tin Man
b Out of school, turn left, forward 6 spaces. turn right, 6. Church
forward 2 spaces, turn left, forward 12 spaces. 7. Bottle of Sauce
c Out of station, turn right, forward 4 spaces. turn right, Answers to Chapter 12
forward 2 spaces, turn left, forward 3 spaces. Left.
d Out of petrol station, turn left, forward 3 spaces. Exercise 1
turn left, forward 9 spaces. turn right, forward 4 1. a ruler b tape c tape
spaces. Right. d tape e ruler f odometer
4. a Petrol Station b Fire Station c Harbour 2. Various
Chapter 11 3. Various
4. Various
Exercise 3 5. a Various b Various c Various
1. a S b N c E 6. a 3 cm b 7 cm c 6 cm
d N e N d 3·5 cm e 15 cm
2. a 90° b 180° c 90° 7. a 5 cm b 6 cm c 8·5 cm d 8 cm
d 270° e 360° Chapter 12
3. a East 3 squares, South 3 squares, East 2 squares,
North 1 square, East 2 squares Exercise 2
b North 2 squares, East 1 square, South 1 square, ALL Drawings
East 3 squares, North 3 squares, East 2 squares. Chapter 12
c West 3 squares, South 1 square, East 1 square,
South 1 square, West 2 squares, South 1 square, Exercise 3
East 4 squares. 1. a 100 cm b 200 cm c 300 cm d 400 cm
d East 2 squares, North 2 squares, West 1 square, e 800 cm f 500 cm g 900 cm h 1000 cm
North 1 square, East 3 squares, South 2 squares, 2. a 50 cm b 150 cm c 250 cm d 550 cm
East 1 square, North 1 square, East 2 squares. e 750 cm f 950 cm g 1050 cm h 1250 cm
4. 5 i 25 cm j 125 cm k 225 cm l 425 cm
3. a 5m b 7m c 9m d 10 m
e 6m f 12 m g 15 m h 23 m
4. a 0·5 m b 2·5 m c 6·5 m d 8·5 m
e 1·5 m f 9·5 m g 11·5 m h 14·5 m
i 0·25 m j 3·25 m k 5·25 m l 10·25 m
5. a 1 m 75 cm = 175 cm b 1 m 53 cm = 153 cm
6. a Marsh Island Harbour c 2 m 25 cm = 225 cm d 5 m 20 cm = 520 cm
b Lighthouse Island Dock e 1 m 5 cm = 105 cm f 7 m 8 cm = 708 cm
c Iceberg ! g 10 m 1 cm = 1001 cm
7. various answers
Answers Level C page 190
6. a 2 m 15 cm b 4 m 75 cm 4. a Starts at 1 goes up 2.
c 7 m 9 cm d 2 m 8 cm b Starts at 5 goes up 5.
e 10 m 50 cm f 20 m 3 cm c Starts at 60 down by 10.
7. a 545 cm b 3 m 65 cm c 2008 cm d Starts at 18 down by 3.
Chapter 12 e Starts at 10 goes up 11.
f Starts at 20 goes up 15.
Exercise 4 g Starts at 13 down by 2.
1. a 99 cm, 1 m 29 cm, 1 m 34 cm, 170 cm h Starts at 100 goes up 300.
b 130 cm, 127 cm, 1 m 19 cm, 1 metre 9 cm. i Starts at 4 goes up 0·5.
2. 41 cm j Starts at 750 down by 150.
3. 155 cm 5. a 9 b 30 c 20 d 3
4. 117 cm e 54 f 80 g 5 h 1300
5. 7 m i 6·5 j 150
6. a 860 cm b 140 cm 6. a 13 b 60 c 16 d 30
Chapter 12 e 18 f 24 g 35 h 26
i 32 j 15 k 10 l 66
Exercise 5 m 20 n 46
1. 12 cm2 7. a 2 b 48 c 22
2. a 3 cm2 b 6 cm2 c 9 cm2 d 5 e 565 f (5 x 6)
d 9 cm2 e 5 cm2 f 10 cm2 8. a 16 22 b 5 17
g 4 cm2 h 8 cm2 i 12 cm2 c 14 4 d 19 27
e 33 0 f 12 17 32
3. a 3·5 cm2 b 7·5 cm2 c 12 cm2
g 23 21 13 h 5 15 35
d 9 cm2 e 12 cm2
9. a 7 times table
4. a 10 cm2 b 13 cm2 b blue 5 times table red 9 times table
Chapter 12 pink start at 3, go up in 5’s
grey start at 6, go up in 8’s
Exercise 6
c Drawings
1. a 10 cm2 b 15 cm2 d Various
2. a 5 cm2 b 12 cm2 c 36 cm2 d 28 cm2 Chapter 13
3. a 11 cm2 b 30 cm2
Exercise 2
4. a 24 cm2 b 8 cm2 c 16 cm2
1. a 2 times table b 4 times table
c 4 times are double 2 times
Answers to Chapter 13 2. a 4 times table b 8 times table
Exercise 1 c 8 times are double 4 times
1. a b 3. a Double ? b 4 times ? c 5 times ?
4. Various

Answers to Chapter 14
Exercise 1
c d 1. a cube b cuboid
c sphere d cone
e cylinder f pyramid (sq base)
g triangular prism h hemi-sphere
2. a cylinder + cone
2. a b
b cube + pyramid
c cuboid + triangular prism
d cylinder + hemi-sphere
e cuboid + cube + pyramid
f cone + hemi-sphere
c d
3. Cube
4. a cuboid b pyramid (sq base ?)
c triangular prism d cylinder
3. a K b P c M d Q
e cone f pyramid (sq base ?)
e U f X g R h Y
i IJ j IJK

Answers Level C page 191

5. a Sugar lump, oxo cube, dice ............ Chapter 15
b Shoe box, Lunch box, Microwave ...........
c tin soup, cola can, drumcheese ............... Exercise 5
d football, gob-stopper, marble .............. 1. a 2000 g b 7000 g c 15 000 g
e clowns hat, motorway, cone,witches hat ........... d 20 000 g e 55 000 g f 3500 g
g 1700 g h 4250 g i 6610 g
Chapter 14 j 3425 g k 7058 g l 10 022 g
Exercise 2 m 6080 g n 9008 g o 1001 g
2. a 2 kg b 7 kg c 9 kg
See drawings d 16 kg e 40 kg f 72 kg
g 5 kg 600 g h 6 kg 800 g i 18 kg 200 g
Answers to Chapter 15 j 9 kg 456 g k 7 kg 240 g l 2 kg 760 g
Exercise 1 m 5 kg 2 g n 8 kg 80 g o 1 kg 15 g
3. a 810 g b 760 g c 1570 g d 1 kg 570 g
1. Juice Glass e 1·5 cucumbers
2. cooking pot microwave dish-washer 4. a 1500 g b 900 g
3. tennis ball 5. 600 g
4. Lorry Van Mini Motor Cycle 6. a 1760 g b 1·76 kg
5. 4 7. 850 g
6. 15 8. a 1 kg 200 g b 1200 g
7. a 8 b 3 days 9. a 7 b 10 g
8. a 2 oz b teaspoon c margarine d 1 egg 10. a Colin, Alan, Robert, Omar
9. 1/2
b 1005 g c 420 g d Robert & Omar
Chapter 15
Exercise 2
Answers to Chapter 16
1. a 2 L b 3L c 1·5 L
Revision Exercise
d 3L e 1/2 L f 1/3 L
1
2. a /2 L b 1·5 L 1. a five thousand four hundred and seventy
b eight thousand and twenty six
3. a 3·5 L b 6L
c nine thousand and three
4. coffee mug teaspoon egg cup can of lemonade
d seven thousand nine hundred and eighty nine
5. jacuzzi oil drum pot for soup garden pond
2. a 4372 b 6504 c 8040
6. 1·5 L
3. 3101, 3010, 3002, 2998, 2987, 2899, 2098.
7. a 4 b 8 c 20 d 40
4. a 50 b 500 c 5000 d units
8. 5 pots
5. a 4360 b 4150
Chapter 15 6. 1/3 = 2/6
Exercise 3 7. a 6 b 4 c 3
1. a 4 b 4 c 6 8. £11·60
d 11 e 6 f 10 9. a £3·27 b £9·04
g 21 h 21 i 15 10. a £1·42 b 4 ( £1, 2 x 20p, 2p)
2. a 3 b 2 c 1 11. a 12 b 53 c 96 d 136
d 2 e 0 f 1 e 390 f 610 g 28 h 64
3. a Shape e b Shape a i 147 j 510 k 550 l 760
c Shape b = d = 8 and Shape c = f = 9 12. a 461 b 561 c 742 d 756
d 51 cubic cm 13. a 30 b 21 c 48 d 36
e a & b, a & c, a & d, a & f, b & d e 49 f 56 g 63 h 42
i 35 j 72 k 54 l 80
Chapter 15 14. a 90 b 70 c 190 d 610
e 14 f 5210 g 70 h 8190
Exercise 4 15. a 144 b 145 c 656 d 343
1. a mouse b car c golf ball d CD 16. a 44 b 58 c 72 d 56
2. a pen b washing machine 17. a 70 b 280 c 130 d 40
c magazine d brick 18. 600
3. ship, tank, cannon, soldier, medal 19. a 31 b 9 c 17 d 41
4. a less b more c more 20. a 20 24 28 b 50 60 70
d less e less f more c 24 16 8 d 17 20 23
5. a 53 kg b 53·5 kg e 35 41 47 f 38 35 32
21. a 20 b 10 c 2 d –7
22. a 2000 g b 5000 g c 500 g d 2250 g

Answers Level C page 192

23. 3·5 Litres
24. a 12 cm2 b 10 cm2
25. 1 metre
26. 5 cm
27. a 5 b 78 c 145 d 440
28. a 5 to 8 in morning
b 10 to 4 in the afternoon
c 25 to 1 in morning
29. a 3 hrs b 40 min c 35 min d 55 min
30. a 14.05.69b 23.07.99 c 09.04.01
31. a 5th Aug b 28th Nov
32. a cuboid b cone c pyramid
d cube e sphere f cylinder
33. a circle b square c triangle d rectangle
34. Drawing
35. “Out of Cafe, turn left, go along Rose St, take 4th road
on right into Dunn St, down Dunn St take 2nd left into
Hill Row - cinema is at end of that street.”
36. a b

37. a/b

38. 90°
39. a Acute b Obtuse c Right Angle
40. 90°
41. a table
b pansy 6 daisy 9 daffodil 5 rose 3 buttercup
2
42. a Alan b 4 c 14
d Joan is 11 years old, has 2 brothers or sisters and
weighs 34 kg.
43. See graph

Answers Level C page 193