TeeJay - Level - D Level 2

TEEJAY PUBLISHERS
5-14 Mathematics
5-14 Mathematics
5-14 Mathematics
5-14 Mathematics
Level D Textbook
a cornerstone in Scottish Education
Level D
Textbook
Produced by members of the TeeJay Writing Group
T. Strang (P.T. Mathematics - Clydebank High School)

J. Geddes (P.T. Mathematics - Renfrew High School)
PUPIL BOOK
D
TeeJay Publishers
P.O. Box 1375
Barrhead
Glasgow
G78 1JJ
Tel: 0141 880 6839

Fax: 0870 124 9189
e-mail: [email protected]
web page: www.teejaypublishers.co.ok
© TeeJay Publishers 2004

First Edition published by TeeJay Publishers - January 2004
All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this book may be copied
or reproduced in any format, including electronic, without the express
permission of the authors in accordance with the Copyright, Design and
Patents Act of 1988.
Any person or organisation who makes unauthorised copies of any part

of this book may be liable to prosecution and possible civil claims for
damages.
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Level D Textbook
The book can be used in both Primary and Secondary with pupils who have gained a Level C.
♦ In secondary schools it can be used to condense the S1/2 Level D course into a ONE
year course for those pupils who had already gained a National Test level C in Primary
or early Secondary.
• It should prepare pupils to sit maths level D national test, or equivalent,

by the end of Primary 6, 7 or by the end of Secondary 1.
• There are no A and B exercises. It basically covers the entire Level D
course without the teacher having to pick and choose which questions to
leave out and which exercises are important. They all are !
• Unlike other commercial resources out at present or in production, it will
cover the important work of level D in ONE textbook.
• It should prove to be an invaluable aid to the “fast tracking” of pupils in
S1/2 and allow them to begin their Standard Grade General course (or
Credit course - after level E), at some stage throughout S2.
• It contains a 7 page “Chapter Zero” which primarily revises every
topic at level C and can be used as a diagnostic tool. This could be
followed by a diagnostic assessment * of the work of Level C.
• Non-calculator skills will be emphasised and encouraged throughout
the book
• Each topic will have a “Topic in a Nutshell” exercise as a summary.
• Homework will be available as a photocopiable pack along with an
Assessment pack which can be used topic by topic or combined to
form a series of level D cumulative Tests.
Pupils should then be able to complete their Standard Grade (or National Qualifications
Course) course leisurely by the end of S3 or early in S4.
We make no apologies for the multiplicity of colours used throughout the

book, both for text and in diagrams - we feel it helps brighten up the pages !!
Tom Strang and Jim Geddes

(January 2004)
* Diagnostic Assessments for levels B to E included in Homework Pack.

Contents
page
Chapter 0 Quick Revision/Diagnosis of all Level C work 1-8
Ch 1 Whole Numbers Place values and reading scales 9 - 10
Add/subtract whole numbers 11 - 13
Multiply/divide decimals by 10, 100 14 - 16
Multiply/divide by a single digit 17 - 19
Multiply by 20, 50, 300, 600 etc (E*) 20
Round to nearest 10, 100 21
Estimate answers using rounding 22
Using a calculator 23
Topic in a Nutshell 24 - 25
Ch 2 Symmetry Lines of symmetry 26 - 28
Creating symmetry 29 - 31
Topic in a Nutshell 32
Ch 3 Decimal Numbers Working with decimals 33 - 35
Reading decimal scales 36 - 38
Rounding to nearest whole number 39 - 40
Add/subtract decimals 41 - 43
Ch 4 Time 12 hour and 24 hour notations 45 - 46
Small time intervals 47 - 48
Minutes and seconds 49
Stopwatches (E*) 50
Ch 5 Statistics Organising/interpreting information 52 - 55
Line graphs 56 - 58
Pie charts 59 - 60
Interpreting tables/databases/spreadsheets 61 - 62
(Conducting a survey) 65
Ch 6 Decimals 2 Multiply/divide decimals by 10, 100 66 - 67
Multiply decimals by single digit whole number 68 - 69
Divide decimals by single digit whole number 70 - 71
Mixed problems 72 - 73
Ch 7 Algebra Basic “equations” 75 - 77
Algebraic “equations” 78 - 79
Function machines 80 - 84
Ch 8 Angles Types of angles 87 - 88
Naming angles using 3 letters 88 - 89
Measuring with a protractor 90 - 91
Drawing angles 92 - 93
Calculating missing angles 93 - 94
Vertically opposite angles 95
Corresponding/alternate angles (E*) 96 - 97
Compass points 98 - 99
3 figure bearings 100-102
Ch 9 Money The value of money 106
Adding/subtracting money 107 - 108
Mixed money problems 110-113
Ch 10 2 - Dimensions 2D work 115 - 117
Triangles and angles 118 - 121
Tilings using 2-dimensional shapes 122 - 123
The circle 124 - 125
Rotating shapes using a template 126
Ch 11 Fractions Identifying fractions 128 - 129
Equivalent fractions 130 - 131
Fractions of a quantity 132 - 134
Ch 12 Coordinates Coordinates of a point 136 - 137
The x and y axes 138 - 140
Coordinates for fun 140 - 141
Ch 13 Percentages Equivalences - percentages/decimals/fractions 143 - 145
Simple percentages of quantities (E*) 146
Ch 14 Length and Area Measuring and drawing lengths 148 - 150
Units of length - converting 151 - 152
Problems involving lengths 153
Perimeters 154 - 155
Areas of rectangles and squares 156-159
Areas of right angled triangles 160 - 162
Ch 15 Patterns Revision of basic patterns 164 - 166
Describing number patterns 167 - 168
Fibonacci and other simple patterns 169 - 170
Ch 16 3 - Dimensions 3 dimensional shapes and their properties 172 - 174
Working with skeletons 175 - 176
Nets of cubes and cuboids 177 - 178
Ch 17 Volume What is volume ? 180 - 181
Litres and millilitres 182 - 183
Volumes by counting cubes 184
Ch 18 Revision Revision of all Level D work 186 - 192
Answers
Chapter
Chapter 00 Level C
Consolidation
The following questions (pages 1 - 7)
cover every topic set at Level C.
(No calculator unless stated)
1. Write the following in words :-

a 6820 b 9082 c 5007 d 9898. ?
2. Write the following in figures :-

a seven thousand two hundred and sixty five
b nine thousand eight hundred and seven
c six thousand and fifty.
3. Put the following numbers in order starting with the largest :–

6010, 5995, 5898, 6001, 5989, 6100, 5099.
4. What does the 7 stand for in each of the following :–

a 6072 b 5791 c 7508 d 5917 ?
5. a What is the number that is 50 up from 6370 ?

b What number is 200 down from 5150 ?
6. Copy and complete this sentence

using the diagram to help.
1
= ? =
2 4
7. Find the missing values here :–

3
= ? 8
= 4 4
a b c = ? .
4 8 10 ? 6 3
2 7
8. Write 3 + + as a decimal.
10 100
9. When Alex did a MONEY sum on

his calculator, the answer 16·8
Texio FX 27·5
appeared on the display.
How much, in money terms, did
16·8
this really stand for ? ON
7 8 9 0
this is Chapter Zero page 1 REVISION of LEVEL C

10. Write the following in pounds using the £ symbol :–
a 4 pounds and 18 pence. b 6 pounds and 8 pence.
11. a I bought a magazine for £1·75 and

a newspaper for 68p.
How much change did I receive
from a £5 note ?
b If my change was all in coins, what is the
fewest number of coins I could receive ?
(List the coins).
12. Do the following mentally (just write down your answers) :-

a 7+7 b 38 + 5 c 99 + 8 d 139 + 9
e 250 + 30 f 70 + 340 g 25 – 9 h 51 – 6
i 130 – 7 j 350 – 20 k 410 – 50 l 900 – 70.
13. Copy down the following and find :–

a 397 b 512 c 600 d 721 – 87.
+ 64 – 70 – 48
14. Find the following :– (you must know your tables by now).
a 3x7 b 4x8 c 7x6 d 2x9
e 6x6 f 9x8 g 7x8 h 8x6
i 5x7 j 9x7 k 6x9 l 10 x 7.
15. Do the following mentally (just write down your answers) :-

a 10 x 7 b 9 x 10 c 18 x 10 d 10 x 71
e 120 x 10 f 10 x 317 g 500 x 10 h 10 x 709.
16. Copy down the following and find :–

a 17 b 28 c 92 d 39
x 5 x 7 x 6 x 8
17. Round the following numbers to the nearest 10 :–

a 63 b 287 c 794 d 498
e 76 f 123 g 166 h 43.

18. Copy and complete the following by ESTIMATING :–
“327 + 147”
is about 330 + ....
= .................
19. Find :–
1 1 1 1
a of 42 b of 24 c of 75 d of 320.
2 3 5 10
20. Write down the next 3 numbers in each of the following patterns :–
a 3, 6, 9, 12, ... b 5, 10, 15, 20, ...
c 64, 56, 48, 40, ... d 3, 7, 11, 15, ...
e 8, 14, 20, 26, ... f 50, 47, 44, 41, ...
21. Copy the following function machines and

calculate the values of the missing numbers.
IN OUT IN OUT
a b
3 x 2 ? 30 halved ?
IN OUT IN OUT
c d
3 +4 ? 17 ? 11
22. How many grams are in :–

a 1 kg b 3 kg c 1 kg d
1
1 2 kg ?
4
23. Estimate the volume of liquid

2
in this jug (in litres).
24. Write down the areas of these 2 shapes (in cm2). litres
a b

25. The height of the classroom door is about :–
1
m, 1 m, 2 m, 5 m, 10 m — Which one ?
2
26. A good estimate for the length of this line is :–
• •
2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm — Which one ?
27. What numbers are represented by the arrows shown below ?
a b
6 8 10 20 30 40
c d
10 20 30 100 200 300
28. 2·50 pm means 10 to 3 in the afternoon.

Write the following times in a similar way :–
a 3·35 am b 8·40 pm c 12·45 am.
29. How long is it from :–

a 7 am till 9 am b 6·25 pm till 6·45 pm
c 10 to 5 till 20 past 5 d 11·40 am till 12·25 pm ?
30. 2nd May 1987 can be written as 02.05.87.

Write down the following in the same way :–
a 15th January 1968 b 22nd November 1999 c 7th August 2002.
31. a My wedding anniversary was on the 25th June.

My birthday was 10 days later.
On what date was my birthday ?
b My daughter’s birthday is on 3rd December.
She broke her leg exactly 1 week before her birthday.
On what date did she break her leg ?

32. Name the following mathematical shapes :–
a b c
d e f
33. Name the blue shape in each of the following :–
a b c d
(cube)
34. Use a pair of compasses to draw a full 4 cm

(this is just
size circle which has a radius of 4 cm. a sketch)
35. You meet a man when

you are in the bank.
He asks directions to Post
the Post Office. Office
Describe clearly what

directions you would
give him.
Bank
(from inside the bank)

36. Make a neat copy of these shapes.
Mark, in colour or as a dotted line, the lines of symmetry.
a b c
37. a Make an accurate drawing of the following 2 shapes on squared paper.
b Complete the missing half of each shape so that the red lines
are lines of symmetry.
38. This diagram shows a RIGHT ANGLE.

How many degrees are there in a right angle ?
39. State the special name used to

describe the following angles :–
a b c
40. Calculate the size of the red shaded

angle in this figure.
(Do NOT measure it) 50°

41. A group of people were asked
Fruit Tally Number
to name their favourite fruit.
Marks
apple banana banana orange orange
apple
orange apple banana pear banana orange
grapes pear banana orange apple banana
OPY
pear C
apple banana apple banana pear
grapes
grapes orange banana apple banana
a Copy the table and use tally marks to fill in the 2nd column
b Complete the table by filling in the 3rd column in your table.
42. The database shows the results

of a survey of the name, hair Name Hair Eyes Height
colour, eye colour and height of Tom brown blue 1·45 m
seven children. Lucy brown blue 1·38 m
a How many boys had brown hair ? Jane blonde brown 1·51 m
Steve red blue 1·61 m
b How many children were over
Nick black grey 1·54 m
1·5 metres tall ?
Alan brown green 1·57 m
c How tall was the boy with brown Brian blonde grey 1·49 m
hair and green eyes ?
d How would you describe Lucy in words ?
43. Children were asked to name their favourite breakfast cereal.
Cereal Corn Flakes Frosties Sugar Puffs Weetabix Rice Crispies
Number 12 20 16 6 10
Use a ruler to draw

a (VERY NEAT) bar 16
graph using the scale
12
shown below and label
your diagram. 8
Corn Flakes Frosties

Chapter Whole
Chapter 11
Calculators should NOT Numbers
be used anywhere in this
Place Values chapter except
in the final exercise.
Example :-
Two thousand,
In the number 2436,
four hundred
the 2 stands for two thousand 2000 and thirty six
the 4 stands for four hundred 400 2436
the 3 stands for three tens 30
the 6 stands for six units 6
2436
Exercise 1
1. What do the following digits stand for in the number 3471 :-

a 3 b 4 c 7 d 1?
2. What does the 5 stand for in each of these numbers :-

a 5741 b 8750 c 9875 d 1599 ?
3. Write the following numbers out fully in words :-

a 3870 b 9051 c 12 045 d 20 040
e 120 427 f 800 350 g 702 050 h 909 090.
4. Write the following numbers using digits :-

a nine hundred and ten. b twenty thousand and fifty.
c sixty thousand and six. d one hundred thousand and one.
e nine hundred and nine thousand.
f one hundred and eleven thousand and eleven.
g one million.
5. Put the following sets of numbers in order, smallest first :-

a 460, 406, 399, 501, 451, 510, 401, 603, 499.
b 8045, 8100, 7999, 8054, 8109, 8200, 8199, 9001.
this is Chapter One page 8 WHOLE NUMBERS

6. Write down the number that is :-
a 10 after 760 b 200 after 880 c 70 before 950
d 300 before 5390 e 2000 after 7999 f 1000 before 8700
g 4500 after 3500 h 4000 before 5250. i 8700 before 9900.
j four hundred and thirty after three thousand nine hundred.
k two thousand five hundred before five thousand six hundred.
l two thousand nine hundred before nine thousand.
7. Look at the following scales. What numbers are represented by the letters A, B, C, ...
A B C
60 70 90 100
D E F G
10 20 30 100 200
H I J K
300 500 3000 4000
L M N O
4000 8000 5000 10 000
P Q R S
8500 8600 5000 6000

U W
X
T
360 1600 Y
350 1500
V
340 1400 1700
8. What are the readings on these thermometers :-

a b
°C °C
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
c d
°C °C
0 20 40 60 80 0 50 100 150 200

9. (Harder) - Write down the numbers that are represented by each letter :-
A B C
500 1000 1000 1100
D E F G
9000 9500 900 1100
H I J K
5000 7000 4400 4600
M O P
360 380 Q
N
340 3000 6000
10. What number lies half-way between :-

a 140 and 150 b 1200 and 1400
c 5200 and 5600 d 1800 and 2400
e 4300 and 5300 f 6040 and 6140 ?
11. The average (mean) of 2 numbers always lies half-way between the 2 numbers.
What is the average of :–
a 1200 and 1500 b 180 and 220 ?
12. Space Probe A travelled 8600 km.

Space Probe B travelled 9200 km.
Space Probe C ended up halfway
between A and B.
What distance was travelled by Space Probe C ?
13. A rich businessman donates half a million dollars to charity.
Write out this amount in full.

Add/Subtract Whole Numbers
There are quick ways of adding and subtracting numbers.

Example :- To add 390 and 540,
you could add you could add
Discuss these and 390 + 500 = 890 OR 400 + 540 = 940,
other methods. then add 40 then subtract 10
930 930.
Exercise 2
Try to do this exercise mentally.

1. Write down the answers to :-
a 39 + 54 b 62 + 49 c 39 + 25 d 57 + 38
e 75 + 45 f 69 + 64 g 125 + 77 h 90 + 49
i 260 + 190 j 390 + 520 k 270 + 630 l 720 + 990
m 3400 + 4300 n 2600 + 2400 o 3900 + 1700 p 7450 + 1950.
2. Write down the answers to :-

a 67 – 54 b 54 – 29 c 77 – 58 d 31 – 18
e 70 – 35 f 74 – 55 g 100 – 37 h 190 – 39
i 260 – 190 j 490 – 220 k 370 – 190 l 620 – 490
m 1900 – 650 n 3700 – 1100 o 7700 – 4900 p 10 000 – 2900.
3. Find :-
a 470 + 750 b 1720 – 580 c 4350 + 2900 d 5840 – 3110
e 4320 + 4580 f 9990 – 1190 g 1860 + 3240 h 8760 – 1650.
4. a A train with 87 passengers stops at a station.

At the station 44 people get on the train.
How many are there now on the train ?
b The garage charged Mr Benson £145 for parts and £88 for labour.
How much was Mr. Benson’s total garage bill ?
c Jamie earned £960 per month and Josie earned £790.

(i) How much did they earn altogether ?
(ii) How much more did Jamie earn than Josie ?

d Of the 3100 miles from London to New
York, a plane had flown 1900 miles.
How much further had it to travel ?
e Patrick won £2000 in the pub lottery.

He bought a new laptop for £1390.
How much had Patrick left ?
f Stacy has 4200 stamps in her collection.

Two thousand four hundred of them are foreign.
How many stamps in her collection are not foreign ?
g Last year, Marie sent 2450 text messages.

This year she sent 3140 messages.
(i) How many text messages has Marie sent in total ?
(ii) How many more messages did she send this year ?
Exercise 3
Show all your working for this exercise.
1. Copy the following and find the answers :-
a 362 b 579 c 296 d 789
+ 177 + 247 + 466 + 321
e 836 f 4009 g 2345 h 5762

– 176 + 2678 + 4678 – 4876
i 1000 j 7777 k 9067 l 10000

– 763 + 1333 – 4568 – 7209
m 6479 + 372 n 1234 + 7777 o 8519 – 6621 p 6000 – 296
q 4902 + 2199 r 5002 – 2893 s 9617 + 295 t 10 000 – 7891
2. a There were 4372 Hibs Supporters and 3986 Hearts

supporters at the local derby match.
(i) How many supporters were there altogether ?
(ii) How many more Hibs than Hearts supporters
were there ?

b From 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. a train travels 748 kilometres.
From 6 p.m. to midnight it travels 269 kilometres.
How far has the train travelled in total ?
c A secretary earned £9240 last year.

This year her pay dropped by £1360.
What was her salary this year ?
d The local newspaper prints 10 000 copies per week.

The paper sold 8768 copies last week.
How many copies were not sold ?
e A judge fines a man £1750 for breach

of the peace plus £2350 damages.
How much in total did the man have to pay ?
f Davie bought 3500 bricks to build a wall.

When he had finished, he found he had 976
bricks left over.
How many bricks had he used to build the wall ?
Puzzle 1
Any line of three numbers on each diagram below must total 15.
Copy and complete each diagram using the numbers 1 to 9.
a 6 b
1 5
4 9 2
Puzzle 2
Using a 4 litre and a 5 litre jug and no
other measuring device, explain how it is 4
possible to measure out exactly 3 litres litres
of water from a well. 5
litres

Multiply and Divide Whole Numbers
For this, you really must know your tables.

Learn them NOW - they are a must !!
2 x 2 = 4 3 x 2= 6 4 x 2= 8 5 x 2 = 10
2 x 3 = 6 3 x3= 9 4 x 3 = 12 5 x 3 = 15
2 x 4 = 8 3 x 4 = 12 4 x 4 = 16 5 x 4 = 20
2 x 5 = 10 3 x 5 = 15 4 x 5 = 20 5 x 5 = 25
2 x 6 = 12 3 x 6 = 18 4 x 6 = 24 5 x 6 = 30
2 x 7 = 14 3 x 7 = 21 4 x 7 = 28 5 x 7 = 35
2 x 8 = 16 3 x 8 = 24 4 x 8 = 32 5 x 8 = 40
2 x 9 = 18 3 x 9 = 27 4 x 9 = 36 5 x 9 = 45
6 x 2 = 12 7 x 2 = 14 8 x 2 = 16 9 x 2 = 18
6 x 3 = 18 7 x 3 = 21 8 x 3 = 24 9 x 3 = 27
6 x 4 = 24 7 x 4 = 28 8 x 4 = 32 9 x 4 = 36
6 x 5 = 30 7 x 5 = 35 8 x 5 = 40 9 x 5 = 45
6 x 6 = 36 7 x 6 = 42 8 x 6 = 48 9 x 6 = 54
6 x 7 = 42 7 x 7 = 49 8 x 7 = 56 9 x 7 = 63
6 x 8 = 48 7 x 8 = 56 8 x 8 = 64 9 x 8 = 72
6 x 9 = 54 7 x 9 = 63 8 x 9 = 72 9 x 9 = 81
Multiplication by 10 and 100

Learn these rules : Simple rules for whole numbers :–
If you multiply by 10, simply add a 0 at the end.
If you multiply by 100, simply add two 0’s at the end.
Examples 23 x 10 = 230
147 x 10 = 1470
5600 x 100 = 560000
Exercise 4
1. Write down the answers to the following :–

a 22 x 10 b 12 x 10 c 17 x 10 d 10 x 34
e 10 x 176 f 406 x 10 g 10 x 755 h 10 x 130
i 450 x 10 j 101 x 10 k 10 x 140 l 1472 x 10
m 1507 x 10 n 2300 x 10 o 4500 x 10 p 10 x 6000

a 23 x 100 b 76 x 100 c 100 x 137 d 100 x 140
e 290 x 100 f 100 x 706 g 100 x 309 h 340 x 100
i 700 x 100 j 100 x 450 k 100 x 5010 l 8000 x 100
3. Write down the answers to these :–

a 1700 x 10 b 210 x 100 c 360 x 10 d 100 x 310
e 10 x 800 f 4500 x 100 g 1000 x 10 h 2000 x 100
4. A crate holds 100 bottles.

How many bottles are there in :-
a 16 crates b 40 crates
c 165 crates d 800 crates ?
5. There are 100 centimetres in 1 metre. How many centimetres are there in :-
a 3m b 72 m c 107 m d 200 m ?
6. There are 10 millimetres in 1 centimetre. How many millimetres are there in :-

a 7 cm b 50 cm c 301 cm d 7000 cm ?
Division by 10 and 100

Learn these rules Simple rules for whole numbers :–
If you divide by 10, simply remove last 0
If you divide by 100, simply remove last two 0’s
Examples 790 ÷ 10 = 79
8700 ÷ 100 = 87
43000 ÷ 100 = 430
Exercise 5
a 240 ÷ 10 b 920 ÷ 10 c 770 ÷ 10 d 3210 ÷ 10
e 1400 ÷ 10 f 3800 ÷ 10 g 4000 ÷ 10 h 2200 ÷ 10
i 60 000 ÷ 10 j 99 000 ÷ 10 k 10 000 ÷ 10 l 105 500 ÷ 10
m 88 500 ÷ 10 n 65 000 ÷ 10 o 70 000 ÷ 10 p 120 000 ÷ 10

a 400 ÷ 100 b 2500 ÷ 100 c 7100 ÷ 100 d 39 000 ÷ 100
e 90 000 ÷ 100 f 35 500 ÷ 100 g 205 000 ÷ 100 h 1 000 000 ÷ 100
3. Write down the answers to these :–

a 7000 ÷ 100 b 2000 ÷ 10 c 54 000 ÷ 100 d 3500 ÷ 10
e 3500 ÷ 100 f 1000 ÷ 10 g 1000 ÷ 100 h 100 ÷ 100
4. A ship’s cargo hold can carry 100 cars.

How many similar ships are needed to carry :-
a 700 cars b 9000 cars
c 12 000 cars d 100 000 cars ?
5. There are 100 centimetres in 1 metre. How many metres are there in :-
a 7000 cm b 12 000 cm c 160 000 cm d 1 000 000 cm ?
6. There are 10 millimetres in 1 centimetre and 100 centimetres in 1 metre.

How many metres are equivalent to :-
a 700 cm b 600 000 cm c 5000 mm d 80 000 mm ?
Puzzle 3
There are 10 millimetres in one centimetre, 100 centimetres in one metre
and 1000 metres in one kilometre.
How many millimetres are there in one kilometre ?
Puzzle 4
A truck can carry 4 tonnes of waste.
a How many trips will the truck need to
make to carry 67 tonnes of waste ?
b How many tonnes will it be carrying on its last trip ?
Puzzle 5
From base Tank A travelled 360 km West.
Tank B travelled 150 km East.
Tank C moved to a position exactly
halfway between Tank A and Tank B.
How far and in what direction did Tank C travel ?

Multiplication by a Single Digit
This is where knowing your tables really pays off !
Examples :–
Find a 26 x 7 b 387 x 4 c 3276 x 8
a 26 b 387 c 3276
x7 x4 x8
182 1548 26208
4 3 2 2 6 4
Exercise 6
1. Copy the following and complete the calculations :-
a 34 b 27 c 63 d 44
x3 x4 x7 x4
e 126 f 245 g 208 h 192

x8 x6 x5 x9
i 1252 j 3619 k 8004 l 9138

x4 x7 x9 x8
2. Rewrite each of these in the above form and complete the calculations :-
a 67 x 8 b 84 x 7 c 6 x 93 d 29 x 5
e 8 x 123 f 7 x 222 g 709 x 8 h 3 x 986
i 4 x 2462 j 5 x 2222 k 1967 x 7 l 9 x 9067
3. Show your working in answering the following questions :-

a Madge pays £24 each month for her mobile phone.
How much will she have paid after 6 months ?
b Shona pays £18 each week to reduce her catalogue account ?

How much had she paid after 8 weeks ?
c If there are sixty minutes in one hour, how many minutes are there in 9 hours ?

d Chaz has filled 6 photograph albums.
Each album contains 217 photographs.
How many photographs does Chaz have ?
e A Teejay maths book contains 256 pages.

How many pages would be needed for
(i) 3 books (ii) 9 books ?
f Find the value of (i) 2 x 5 x 34

(ii) 3 x 46 x 4
(iii) 6 x 7 x 43.
Division by a Single Digit

Again, knowing your tables is a must !
Examples :-
Find a 36 ÷ 4 b 168 ÷ 7 c 5856 ÷ 8
a b c
9 24 7 3 2
2 2 1
4 36 7 168 8 5 8 5 6
Exercise 7
1. Copy the following and complete each calculation :-
a 7 35 b 5 925 c 6 744 d 8 520
e 6 6486 f 4 9008 g 7 8764 h 9 8964
2. Set the following down in the same way as above and complete each calculation :-
a 72 ÷ 6 b 472 ÷ 2 c 465 ÷ 3 d 801 ÷ 9
e 728 ÷ 7 f 6315 ÷ 5 g 8708 ÷ 4 h 6561 ÷ 3
i 1197 ÷ 9 j 6035 k 1821 l 4134 ÷ 6

5 3
m 9072 n 2219 ÷ 7 o 8892 p 8806

8 9 7

3. Show all your working in solving the following :-
a A bar of chocolate has 9 squares.
How many bars are there if there are 702 squares ?
b A packet contains 8 biscuits.

How many packets are needed for 3384 biscuits ?
c Six people share equally a prize of £2274.

How much will each receive ?
d A freezer container holds 6 ice cubes.

How many containers are needed for 774 cubes ?
e Find the answer to (i) 9436 ÷ 4 ÷ 7

(ii) 6 x 845 ÷ 5.
Not all divisions work out exactly !! 8 2 3 r 6

6 is called the remainder. 9 7 42 1 3 3
4. Find the remainder each time here :-

a 2 7135 b 5 2314 c 7 4062 d 4 3143
e 513 ÷ 8 f 2715 ÷ 6 g 4317 ÷ 9 h 6134 ÷ 10
4444 1827 3143 6172

i j k l
6 8 5 3
5. A bag containing 135 pennies is shared equally amongst 8 children.

a How many pennies will each child receive ?
b How many coins are left over ?
6. The 627 five pence pieces contained in a large

piggy-bank are shared equally amongst 6 people.
a How many coins will each person receive ?
b How many coins are left over ?
One person changes his money into
one pence pieces.
c How many coins does this person have now ?

Multiplication by Multiples of 10 or 100.
Multiplication by 20, 300, etc.

To multiply by 20, or 300, do so using two steps.
Step 1 => multiply by the 10 or 100 first
Step 2 => then multiply by the 2, 3, 4 etc.
Examples :-
To multiply 763 x 20 To multiply 315 x 400

Step 1 Find 763 x 10 = 7630 Step 1 Find 315 x 100 = 31 500
Step 2 Now find 7630 Step 2 Now find 31 500
x 2 x 4
15 260 126 000
Exercise 8 ? ?
?
1. Try to do the following mentally :- (use the 2-step approach)
a 21 x 20 b 31 x 30 c 12 x 40 d 32 x 60
e 20 x 25 f 30 x 103 g 50 x 60 h 60 x 40
i 80 x 70 j 30 x 203 k 20 x 613 l 90 x 410
2. Calculate each of the following (not necessarily mentally) :–

a 341 x 40 [Find 10 x 341 first = 3410 and then find 3410 x 4]
b 723 x 60 c 509 x 90 d 278 x 70 e 480 x 30
f 923 x 70 g 498 x 20 h 316 x 80 i 278 x 90
3. Calculate each of the following :-

a 254 x 200 [Find 254 x 100 first = 25 400 and then find 25 400 x 2]
b 269 x 300 c 208 x 400 d 836 x 500
e 410 x 900 f 869 x 600 g 927 x 700
h 987 x 800 i 567 x 900 j 999 x 900

Rounding to nearest 10 and 100
To round to the nearest 10 look at the units digit :-

- if it is a 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 - leave the 10’s digit as it
127 —> 130
is.
- if it is a 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 - round the 10’s digit up by one.
To round to the nearest 100 look at the tens digit :-

1338 —> 1300
- if it is a 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 - leave the 100’s digit as it is.
- if it is a 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 - round the 100’s digit up by one.
Exercise 9
1. Round to the nearest 10 :–
a 79 b 32 c 86 d 55
e 9 f 212 g 374 h 781
i 19 j 405 k 847 l 599
m 1871 n 2605 o 8729 p 3999.

a 571 b 963 c 417 d 349
e 251 f 549 g 1629 h 3071
i 8809 j 6491 k 6055 l 8981
m 12 240 n 16 872 o 19 895 p 9988.
3. A Junior Football Cup Final between Arthurlie

and Pollock had an attendance of 8754.
Round this figure to the nearest :-
a 10 b 100
4. The local paper sold 9957 copies.
a 10 b 100.
5. A survey showed that in one day, twenty nine

thousand nine hundred and fifty three
vehicles passed over a busy road bridge .

Using Rounding to Estimate Answers
Make sure you
know your
It is possible to “MENTALLY” estimate the answer to a tables !
question by rounding the numbers to “1 figure” accuracy first.
Examples :-
22 + 69 58 + 314
is approximately is approximately
20 + 70 60 + 300
≈ 90 ≈ 360
“≈” approximately equal to.
Exercise 10
1. Round each number to 1 figure accuracy, then give an estimate to :–

a 19 + 42 b 31 + 48 c 26 + 43 d 58 + 33
e 93 + 19 f 89 + 43 g 98 + 49 h 58 + 88
i 109 + 39 j 192 + 29 k 208 + 38 l 58 + 314
m 589 + 73 n 391 + 43 o 411 + 291 p 422 + 488
2. a Jack has 194 Jinju cards, Paul has 88.

Approximately, how many do they have in total ?
Yoshi Tishu
b Maggie has saved £196. Lisa has saved £312.
Approximately, how much have they saved in total ?
59 cm
c Calculate, approximately, the perimeter
of the rectangle shown. 28 cm
3. Give an approximate answer to each of the following :-

a 77 – 39 b 99 – 41 c 316 – 96 d 507 – 190
e 913 – 479 f 788 – 512 g 821 – 697 h 781 – 59
4. Round each number to 1 figure accuracy, then give an estimate to :–

a 38 + 31 + 29 b 198 + 314 + 289 c 59 + 789 + 99 d 612 + 304 + 179
e 12 x 9 f 67 x 9 g 31 x 99 h 316 x 98

Using a Calculator
Exercise 11
You may use a calculator for this exercise.
1. Calculate :-
a 162 + 49 b 316 + 78 c 426 + 243 d 578 + 833
e 3793 + 1923 f 4589 + 1243 g 9458 + 4679 h 1058 + 7688
i 107 – 39 j 232 – 179 k 7208 – 4798 l 9858 – 7989
m 89 x 14 n 39 x 43 o 153 x 176 p 87 x 208
q 1751 ÷ 17 r 3128 ÷ 23 s 32 778 ÷ 54 t 960 x 12 ÷ 18
2. a A car travels 276 kilometres of a 750 kilometre journey.

How far has the car still to travel ?
b Jack grows a 197 metre high beanstalk.

The beanstalk needs to grow another
154 m to reach the giant.
How high in total does the beanstalk
need to be to reach the giant ?
c A case of 12 bottles of champagne costs £444.

How much does 1 bottle cost ?
d An airport runway has width 35 metres

and length 2875 metres.
Calculate the perimeter of the runway.
e A Noodle Pot weighs 89 grams.

Calculate the weight of 12 Pots.
f A garage can buy a 50 litre drum

of Super Oil for £63.
How much would it cost for 6 drums ?
g The perimeter of a rectangle is 366 centimetres.

(i) If the length is 74 cm, calculate the breadth.
(ii) Calculate the area (length x breadth).

Topic in a Nutshell
1. Write out the number 9318 fully in words.
2. Write these numbers using digits :-

a eight thousand seven hundred and sixty one.
b forty two thousand and ten.
3. Rearrange the numbers given below in order, starting with the largest.
3039 4090 4101 3992 4001 4010.
4. a What numbers are represented by P, Q, R and S on the given scales ?

P Q R S
50 60 70 240 260 280
b What is the reading on this thermometer ?

°C
0 10 20 30 40
5. What number lies halfway between :–

a 1300 and 1700 ? b 370 and 430 ?
6. Do the following mentally (no working should be seen) :–

a 59 + 77 b 138 + 99 c 2700 + 3300 d 83 – 29
e 1700 – 250 f 10 000 – 5700 g 9999 + 1200 h 5000 – 62.
7. Try this question mentally :-

A bus leaves the station with 27 passengers.
At the first stop 10 people get off and 5 people get on.
At the second stop 7 people get off and 14 people get on.
How many passengers were on the bus when it left the second stop ?
8. Set down the following and show your working :–
a 5264 b 6327 – 1851 c 7896 d 10000

+ 2927 + 999 – 2947

9. Attempt these problems, showing all working :–
a A train carried 1479 passengers from Glasgow to London.
On the return journey there were 1592 passengers.
What was the total number of passengers on both trips ?
b A shopkeeper buys televisions at £265 each.

How much would it cost him for 9 televisions ?
c Brad can process 2765 forms in a five day week.

How many forms does he process in one day ?
d Henry raised £3216 for charity. Sebastian raised £5197.

How much more money did Sebastian raise than Henry ?
10. Do the following mentally :-

a 35 x 10 b 10 x 2160 c 401 x 100 d 100 x 700
e 7900 ÷ 10 f 2000 ÷ 10 g 53 000 ÷ 100 h 9000 ÷ 1000.
11. Copy the following and complete :–
a 52 b 8132 c 708 x 9 d 6 x 1234.

x5 x7
12. Copy and do the following :–

a 7 378 b 4135 ÷ 5 c 7314 d 2052 ÷ 9.
6
13. There were 3993 spectators at Wimbledon one day.

Round this number to the nearest :–
(i) 10 (ii) 100.
14. Find mentally an APPROXIMATE answer to :–
397 + 1188.
15. Find mentally :–

a 70 x 30 b 800 x 90.

Chapter
Chapter 22 Symmetry
Line Symmetry
A shape has a line of symmetry if :–

when you fold the shape over the line
the 2 halves exactly match.
The above triangle has a line of symmetry (green).
Exercise 1 You will need a ruler and tracing paper.
1. a Trace this shape neatly.

b Either cut it out and fold it (or just fold it).
c Check it has 1 line of symmetry.
2. Trace each of the following shapes and by folding, check whether the shape has
a line of symmetry or not.
(Mark any lines of symmetry as dotted or in colour)
a b c d
this is Chapter Two page 26 SYMMETRY

3. Either trace the following shapes or make a neat copy of each in your jotter.
Mark any lines of symmetry on your drawings (you can check by folding).
a b c d
e f g h
i j k l
m n o p
Some shapes have more than 1 line of symmetry.

This hexagon has 6.
They are shown in red.
4. Trace the above hexagon, fold it, then check that it

has in fact got 6 lines of symmetry.
5. How many lines of symmetry does this square have ?

(Check your answer by tracing the square and folding).

6. a Trace the equilateral triangle.
b Fold it to check how many
lines of symmetry it has.
c Mark the lines of symmetry
and state how many there are.
7. Of the following shapes, five of them have NO lines of symmetry.
(i) Find the 5 shapes with no lines of symmetry.

(ii) State how many lines of symmetry each of the other shapes has.
a b c d
e f g h
i j k l
m n o p
•
q r s t

Creating a Symmetrical Shape
If you are given half a symmetrical shape with the line of symmetry shown,
it is fairly straightforward to create the other half.
the “other half”
Exercise 2
1. a Copy this shape onto squared paper.

(or into your jotter)
b Now draw in and shade/colour the other half
such that the green line is a line of symmetry.
2. Copy each of the following shapes neatly onto

squared paper, then complete each shape so that
the green line is a line of symmetry.
a b c

3. Copy each of the following shapes neatly onto squared paper, then complete each
shape so that the green line is a line of symmetry.
a b c
4. These are harder.

Copy and draw the other half of the following symmetrical shapes :–
a b c
5. This time, each shape has 2 lines of symmetry, each shown in green :–
a b c
Copy and draw the other 3 parts of each shape.

6. Shown below is a set of computer fonts.
a Which of the above letters/numbers have exactly 1 line of symmetry ?

b Which of them have 2 lines of symmetry ?
c Which have no lines of symmetry ?
7. Neatly, write out your name on squared paper using the above set of fonts.
8. Shown is the letter A created on a 4 by 4 grid.
Try to create a set of fonts showing all 26 letters

(and 10 numbers) using a 4 by 4 grid each time.
9. Class Project.
Bring in pictures, labels, charts, adverts, etc., which show lines of symmetry and
display them on a poster.
[Either work as a class, in groups or as individuals].
10. Ask your teacher for some isometric paper or triangular spotted paper.
a Draw the shape shown opposite

carefully
b Complete the shape so that the
green line is a line of symmetry.

Topic in a Nutshell
1. Define, in your own words, what is meant by saying that

a shape has a line of symmetry.
2. How many lines of symmetry do each of the following shapes have ?

a b c d
e f g h
3. Draw these shapes NEATLY onto squared paper.

a b c
Mark on in colour, or with a dotted line, ALL the lines of symmetry.
4. Copy the following shapes neatly and draw in the other half so the green line
is a line of symmetry.
a b
5. Copy this shape and draw the other 3 parts so

that the green lines are both lines of symmetry.

Chapter
Chapter 33 Decimal
Numbers
Do you know what a DECIMAL is ?
In chapter 1, we dealt with units, 10’s, 100’s and 1000’s.
When you take a single unit and divide it into 10 (or 100 or 1000) bits,
what we then have are decimal fractions of a whole number.
For example, let us look at a rectangular tray of toffee as our “UNIT” of measure.
1 tray of toffee
1 bar of toffee
1
= (of 1 tray)
10
or 0·1
The tray of toffee shown above has been cut into 10 equal bars.
Each bit is 1 of the whole tray and is written as 0·1. (called 1 tenth).
10
In the decimal number, 0·7, the “7” refers to 7 tenths or 7 .
10
Exercise 1
1. In this question, stands for 1 tray of toffee (1 whole number).
stands for 1 bar (0·1).
What decimal numbers do the following diagrams represent ?

a b c
(1·...)
d e f
this is Chapter Three page 33 DECIMALS 1

2. Draw neat pictures, in the same style as shown in question 1, to represent :–
a 0·4 b 1·3 c 2·5 d 4·8
3. Shown opposite is a whole dish of lasagna

which has been divided into 10 bits.
What numbers are represented in the following diagrams ?

a b c
d e f
4. A round pizza is divided into 10 pieces.

Three pieces are removed.
What decimal does the remaining shaded part represent ?
The Second Decimal Place

1
When our 1 tray of toffee was divided into 10 equal bars, each bar was called 1 tenth ( ).
10
What happens when each bar of toffee is cut into 10 equal blocks ?
1 bar
1 whole tray (cut) 1 1
of 1 bar (cut)
10 10
1 1 1
100
= 10 of 10
or 0·01
1 block
1 1 1
=> when a “tenth” is then cut into 10 equal blocks each bit is (10 of 10 ) = 100 .
4
In the decimal number, 0·04, the “4” refers to 4 hundredths or .
100
5. What decimal numbers are represented in the diagrams below ?

a b c
0·4.... 0· .... 0· ....

6. Here are another two diagrams. What numbers do they show ?
a b
stands for 1 unit.
7. Draw neat pictures, in the same style as shown in questions 5 and 6, to represent :–
a 0·12 b 1·34 c 2·26 d 3·09
8. In the decimal number 24·58, what does the a 5 mean ? b 8 mean ?
9. What does the “3” stand for in these numbers :-

a 32·81 b 43·29 c 12·31 d 57·83 ?
10. Arrange the following numbers in order, smallest first :-

0·95, 1·16, 0·17, 1·04, 0·09, 1·61.
11. What number is :-

1 3 7
a up from 1·2 b down from 2·6 c up from 3·1
10 10 10
3 2 5
d up from 0·14 e down from 1·18 f up from 1·25 ?
100 100 100
12. What number lies half way between :-

a 0·1 and 0·3 b 0·7 and 0·9 c 2·6 and 2·8
d 2·3 and 2·7 e 1·2 and 1·3 f 0·4 and 0·5 ?
13. The average of two numbers lies right in the middle of the numbers.
a Alice is 1·3 metres tall and Johnnie is 1·6 metres tall.
What is their average height.
b One wooden broom handle is 1·8 metres long and another

is 2·1 metres long.
What is their average length.
c Jenny weighs 34·5 kg. The average weight of

Jenny and Linda is 36 kg.
What must Linda’s weight be ?

Reading Decimal Scales
One Decimal Place

Before deciding which number an
2 3 4 5
arrow is pointing to, look
firstly at the 2 whole numbers The arrow lies between 2 and 3.
which lie on either side of the arrow.
It must be 2·..... (something).
It is in fact 2·8 (can you see this ?)
Exercise 2
1. Write down the length of each car in metres :-

a
0 1 2 3 4 m
0 1 2 3 4 m
c
(careful !)
0 1 2 3 4 m
2. To what decimal numbers are the arrows pointing ?

a b
7 8 9 10 11
c d
22 23 4 5 6
e f
1 2 3 4 5

3. Look at these diagrams. What number is the arrow pointing to in each case ?
a b c
d e
4 6 5 7
2 8 3 9
Two Decimal Places

Look at the 2 decimal numbers
shown on the scale which lie 1·2 1·3 1·4 1·5
on either side of the arrow. The arrow points to between 1·3 and 1·4.
(the 1·3 and 1·4). It has to be 1·3.... (1·3 something)
It points to 1·32 (can you see this ?)
4. Write down the length of each cartoon insect :-

a
0 0·1 0·2 0·3 0·4 cm
The answer is
2·0 2·1 2·2 2·3 2·4 cm NOT 2·37 cm !

5. To what numbers are the arrows pointing ?
a b
1·2 1·3 1·4 3·6 3·7
c d
5·4 5·5 9·1 9·2 9·3
e f
1·2 1·3 1·4 3·7 3·8
NOT (1·22)
g h
4·1 4·2 4·3 4·4 4·5 4·6 5·9 6·0 6·1
i j k l
1·3 5·5 3·9 9·6
3·8 9·5
1·2 5·4 3·7 9·4
m n o p
1·4 6·7 1·1 9·8
1·2 9·9
1·5 6·8 1·3 10·0
6. Look at the scale below and write down what numbers the arrows A, B, C.....
are pointing to.
7 8 9 10 11 12
A B C D E F

Rounding to the nearest Whole Number
4·37 20·81
lies between 4 and 5. lies between 20 and 21.
It is closer to 4 It is closer to 21
(the nearest whole number). (the nearest whole number).
When rounding to the nearest whole number :-

=> look at the first digit which comes just after the decimal point :-
if it is a 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 => round up to the next whole number.
if it is a 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 => leave the whole number before the point as it is.
Examples :- 2·4 = 2 to the nearest whole number.

2·7 = 3 to the nearest whole number.
Exercise 3
1. When each decimal is rounded to the nearest whole number, which of the
two numbers in the brackets is the correct answer :–
a 4·2 (4 or 5) ? b 6·7 (6 or 7) ?
c 3·9 (3 or 4) ? d 1·4 (1 or 2) ?
e 10·16 (10 or 11) ? f 14·97 (14 or 15) ?
g 8·5 (8 or 9) ? h 8·05 (8 or 9) ?
i 40·75 (40 or 41) ? j 100·39 (100 or 101) ?
2. Copy and complete these statements :–

a 6·7 lies between 6 and 7 . It is closer to ?
b 4·3 lies between 4 and ? It is closer to ?
c 7·5 lies between ? and ? It is closer to ? (remember the rule)
d 1·58 lies between ? and ? It is closer to ?
e 5·34 lies between ? and ? It is closer to ?
f 0·83 lies between ? and ? It is closer to ?
g 10·8 lies between ? and ? It is closer to ?
h 23·52 lies between ? and ? It is closer to ?
i 58·81 lies between ? and ? It is closer to ?

3. Round these to the nearest whole £ :-
a £4·10 b £5·90 c £3·40 d £8·70
e £12·80 f £14·50 g £17·39 h £18·72
i £0·34 j £0·51 k £0·50 l £101·49
4. Round these measurements to the nearest whole centimetre :-

a 7·4 cm b 8·6 cm c 9·8 cm d 2·1 cm
e 3·47 cm f 6·85 cm g 15·29 cm h 20·63 cm
i 25·27 cm j 33·99 cm k 42·14 cm l 68·50 cm
5. To round numbers like 3·87487 to the nearest whole number :–

Step 1 – check what two numbers it lies between - (3 and 4)
Step 2 – decide which whole number it is closer to —> 4
Round these numbers to the nearest whole number, in the same way :–
a 2·41784 —> b 3·958744 —> c 7·28719 —>
d 9·386743 —> e 5·48794 —> f 8·097412 —>
g 11·755874 —> h 12·074874 —> i 25·66875 —>
j 0·824111 —> k 28·265741 —> l 32·09999 —>
6. Use your calculator to do the following divisions.

Write down the answers, correct to the nearest whole number :–
a 30 ÷ 7 b 45 ÷ 6 c 78 ÷ 15
d 104 ÷ 27 e 215 ÷ 46 f 400 ÷ 39
g 840 ÷ 350 h 1000 ÷ 76 i 2500 ÷ 104
j 15 ÷ 14 k 0·2 ÷ 0·3 l 85·6 ÷ 100
m A group of 4 janitors won £3525 on the lottery. How much did they each get ?
n A piece of wood 84 cm long is sawn into 5 logs. How long is each log ?
o 20 litres of juice is shared between 11 children. How much does each get ?
Here is how you can find remainders using your calculator.

137 ÷ 7 —> • Use your calculator to show 137 ÷ 7 = 19·571......
• Now find 7 x 19 = 133
• Now find 137 – 133 —> remainder = 4
7. Find the remainder in each of the following (using the method shown above) :–
a 317 ÷ 6 b 409 ÷ 8 c 362 ÷ 5 d 1000 ÷ 11.

Adding & Subtracting Decimals
4·6
When you add or subtract decimal numbers, it is important to + 2·82
line up the decimal point. 7·42
1
For example :- To add 4·6 and 2·82 =>
Exercise 4
1. Try to do the following mentally. Write down the answers to :-
a 3·7 + 4·2 b 5·7 + 3·1 c 3·9 + 7·1 d 9·7 + 1·6
e 0·24 + 0·35 f 0·48 + 0·31 g 0·53 + 0·74 h 0·33 + 0·96
i 4·2 + 5·34 j 8·1 + 1·45 k 3·7 + 4·22 l 2·8 + 5·35
m 6·8 – 6·5 n 8·6 – 1·2 o 9·8 – 0·7 p 3·5 – 0·5
q 6·8 – 1·9 r 7·4 – 1·6 s 7 – 0·75 t 5 – 0·32
2. What is the total length of each of the following tools ? (Try to do it mentally).
a b 17·5 cm c
15·9 cm
8·2 cm 12·7 cm 7·8 cm
12·5 cm
3. Try the following mentally :-

a An empty watering can weighs 4·5 kilograms.
2·6 kilograms of weedkiller are poured into the can.
What is the combined weight ?
b Mary lives 8·3 miles from the nearest Post Office.

The bus takes her 7·9 miles along the way.
How far has Mary still to walk ?
c Three girls received pocket money.

Ann got £8·30, Jan got £5·50
and Fran got £6·10.
What was their total amount of pocket money ?
d Bob cycles 2·4 km from his home to meet Joe.

Joe travels 3·2 km from his home to meet Bob.
After their meeting, they both return to their own homes.
What is the total distance of both their journeys ?
4. Copy the following and find :-
a 4·6 b 17·3 c 14·7 d 74·8
+ 2·5 + 8·9 + 55·8 + 26·9
e 7·35 f 4·48 g 7·04 h 8·57

+ 1·43 + 3·01 + 2·59 + 5·72
i 5·72 j 13·56 k 28·14 l 32·94

+ 1·39 + 12·78 + 2·87 + 24·09
m 8·5 n 43·8 o 72·4 p 35·18

– 2·3 – 21·6 – 25·7 – 27·93
q 7·58 r 8·49 s 5·08 t 9·54

– 6·31 – 4·27 – 2·01 – 1·12
u 5·24 v 8·67 w 5·01 x 7·15

– 3·17 – 4·96 – 2·43 – 5·26
5. Calculate :-
a £4·62 + £3·07 b £34·54 + £26·27
c £42·51 + £5·22 d £7·26 + £8·55
e £28·37 + £9·28 f £35·94 + £42·70
g £8·48 – £5·27 h £7·74 – £4·13
i £5·72 – £5·68 j £74·56 – £40·26
k £74·80 – £7·29 l £24·50 – £3·87
6. Blythe bought a swimming costume for £25·50

and a swimming cap at £8·25.
How much did she spend altogether ?
7. James bought a skate board for £9·75

but sold it the following year for £7·90.
How much did he lose on the deal ?
8. In a diving competition the UK judge

awarded 2·7 points less than the French judge.
The French judge gave the diver 9·3 points.
What mark did the UK judge award ?

9. The postman is delivering two parcels.
One weighs 17·7 kg, the other weighs 32·8 kg.
What is the total weight of the parcels ?
10. From Renfrew to Bishopbriggs •

•
Bishopbriggs Chryston
Burgh of Renfrew is 13·07 miles.
From Renfrew to Chryston
•
Bishopbriggs 13·07
is 15·02 miles. Renfrew
Chryston 15·02
How far is it from Bishopbriggs to Chryston ?
11. In any one week a Potted Blue plant can grow 0·85 cm.
The Potted Red plant can grow 1·23 cm.
How much taller can the Potted Red be than the Potted Blue after one week ?
12. A computer football game priced at £39·95 actually

appeared on the Internet for £29·99.
How much of a saving was this ?
13. Tanya weighs 62·73 kilograms and Lisa

weighs 54·58 kilograms.
a What is their combined weight ?
b By how much is Tanya heavier
than Lisa ?
14. Two cars and a lorry are shown.

a How much longer is the lorry than
4·35 m 3·07 m
(i) the red car (ii) the blue car ?
b Calculate the difference in length between

the red car and the blue car.
6·13 m
15. The fares for the crossing from Wumiss Bay Adult £8·45
to the Island of Hute are shown in the table.
Child £5·48
a What price for :-
Car £28·69
(i) 1 adult and 1 child ?
Bus £36·72
(ii) 1 car with 1 adult ?
(iii) 2 buses ?
b What change will you get from £50
if you pay for 1 car with 1 adult and 1 child ?

Topic in a Nutshell
1. What decimal number is

represented by this diagram ? (this represents
1 whole unit)
2. In the decimal number 73·94, what does the :-

a 7 stand for b 3 stand for c 9 stand for d 4 stand for ?
3. What decimal numbers are the arrows pointing to ?

a b
5·6 5·7 5·8 2 3 4
4. Round the following to the nearest whole number.

a 9·4 b 6·7 c 31·39 d 58·62.
5. Do the following mentally (no working) :-

a 4·7 + 5·2 b 5·3 + 3·45 c 7·5 – 3·1 d 0·81 – 0·14.

a 6·82 b 27·45 c 9·6 d 9·48
+ 1·49 + 5·58 – 5·1 – 3·97
e £3·69 + £4·75 f £26·39 + £3·18 g £4·75 – £3·69

h £26·31 – £9·48 i £29·41 – £8·58 j £36·61 – £19·38.
7. Jason buys a box of disks for £3·94 and a CD cleaner for £5·87.
How much change should he receive from £10 ?
8. Mr Porter bought a pair of windscreen wiper blades at £4·25 each

and 6 car air-fresheners at £1·24 each.
a How much did it cost him in total ? (show all your working)
b He handed over a £20 note. How much change did he get ?
9. Calculate the perimeter of this

rectangular lawn. 4·95 m
15·2 m

Chapter
Chapter 44 Time
12 hr & 24 hr Times
We usually think of the time of day in terms of 1 to 12 o’clock a.m. (ante-meridian -

morning) and 1 to 12 o’clock p.m. (post- meridian - after noon/night), but pilots and
sailors need a system that causes no confusion.
Imagine turning up for your plane to Florida at 8.00 (p.m.) to

find it had flown away at 8.00 (a.m.) and you missed your holiday !
The 24 hour Clock :-
12 hour times
morning
morning (a.m.)
(a.m.) afternoon
afternoon (p.m.)
(p.m.) evening
evening (p.m.)
(p.m.)
12.00 12.00 12.00
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00
0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
0000 1200 0000
24 hour times
Example :- Can you see that morning times in 24 hour format stay the same ?
8.00 a.m. becomes 0800 hrs
but for afternoon and evening times you always add on 12 hours :-
2.00 p.m. becomes 1400 hrs (2 hours past 12.00 o’clock)

5.15 p.m. becomes 1715 hrs (5.15 + 12.00 )
10.50 p.m. becomes 2250 hrs (10.50 + 12.00)
Exercise 1
1. Copy and complete the following, showing how to change to 24 hour format :-
a 7.00 a.m. is before mid-day. —> 7.00 a.m. = 0700.
b 9.45 a.m. is ...... mid-day. —> 9.45 a.m. = ......... .
c 4.00 p.m. is after mid-day. —> 4.00 p.m. = 0400 + 1200 = 1600.
d 10.35 p.m. is ...... mid-day. —> 10.35 a.m. = 1035 + ....... = ........
this is Chapter Four page 45 TIME

2. Change the following 12 hour clock times to 24 hour clock times :–
a 8·40 am b 1·45 am c 6 am
d 3·20 pm e 2·25 pm f 9 at night
g 6·35 am h 8·50 pm i 5 past 4 in the morning
j 9·58 am k noon l 12·05 am
m 12·05 pm n 11·32 pm o 1·52 am
p 10·40 pm q 11·44 pm r midnight
Example :- Can you see that in 24 hour format times before 1300 stay the same ?
0900 becomes 9.00 a.m.

1245 becomes 12.45 p.m.
but for times from 1300 onwards, you must subtract 12 hours :-
1800 becomes 6.00 p.m. (1800 – 1200)

2155 becomes 9·55 p.m. (2155 – 1200)
3. Copy and complete the following, showing how to change from 24 hour format :-
a 0600 is before 1300 —> 0600 = 6.00 a.m.
b 1045 is ....... 1300. —> 1045 = ......... .
c 1700 is after 1300. —> 1700 = 1700 – 1200 = 5.00 p.m.
d 1850 is ...... 1300. —> 1850 = 1850 – ........ = ......... p.m.
4. Change the following 24 hour clock times to 12 hour clock times :–

a 0330 b 1150 c 0920
d 1545 e 1740 f 2225
g 0240 h 1845 i 2120
j 1812 k 1200 l 0650
m 0345 n 1525 o 2345
p 2105 q 0040 r 0505
5. The British Airways plane left New York at 10.50 pm

and touched down at Heathrow at 6.35 am.
Write these times in 24 hour form.
6. On a Spring night, the sun set at 2015 and rose

the following morning at 0555.
Write these times out in 12 hour form.

Time Intervals, Timetables, Programme Guides
Counting on :- The easiest way of finding how long something lasts is by “counting on”.
Example :- A film starts at 8·45 pm and ends at 11·25 pm. How long was the show ?
Answer :- 2 hours + 15 mins + 25 mins = 2 hrs 40 mins
8·45 pm —> 10·45 pm —> 11·00 pm —> 11·25 pm
Exercise 2
1. Use the method of counting on to find how long it is from :–

a 3·15 pm to 6·15 pm b 7 am to 10·30 am
c midnight to 5·30 am d 5·30 pm to 9·40 pm
e 9·55 am to 10·15 am f 2·50 am to 8·25 am
g 0830 to 1055 h 1655 to 1810
i 1950 to 2115 j 2350 to 0300 (next day ?)
2. Calculate the finishing times of the following TV programmes :-

Film A Film B Film C Film D Film E
Prog started 3·30 pm 2·15 pm 8·25 pm 9·45 am 11·30 pm
Prog lasted 2 hr 30 mins 1 hr 40 mins 2 hr 35 mins 45 mins 1 hr 45 mins
3. The two clocks show when a TV film started and finished one Saturday night.
11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2
Start 9 3 End 9 3
8 4 8 4
7 5 7 5
6 6
How long did the film last ?
4. The Grand Prix began at 10·25 am.

Billy McLaren crossed the finish line at 2·08 pm.
What was Billy’s time for the race ?

5. Shown is part of the train timetable from Barrow to Highgate.
Barrow Lorne Stove Ferny Highgate

Early Train 8·10 am 9·20 am 11·30 am 12·15 pm 3·00 pm
Late Train 10·05 am 11·15 am 4·55 pm
a How long does the early train take to travel from :–

(i) Barrow to Lorne ? (ii) Stove to Ferny ? (iii) Barrow to Highgate ?
b Assuming that the late train travels at the same speed as the early train,
when would it be expected to arrive at :–
(i) Stove ? (Hint ! Notice how long the early
train takes from Lorne to Stove)
(ii) Ferny ?
6. Tony set off one morning at 6·35 am for a walk in the hills.
He returned (exhausted) at 5.00 pm.
For how long had Tony been walking ?
7. A tanker set sail from Southampton at 1850 on Sunday.

It docked at a French port at 0525 (British time)
on Monday morning.
How long was the tanker’s journey ?
8. A little bus runs on a circular route around a tropical island.

It leaves the post office at 0845 and passes it again at 1020.
a Calculate the time taken for 1 circuit of the island.
b When should the bus next pass the post office ?
c How many complete circuits can it make between 6 am and 10 pm ?
9. Two girls played their 5 favourite CD’s one after the other.
Julie began at 1355 and her 5th CD finished at 1815.
Tricia began to play hers at 1640 and they ended at 2055.
Which girl’s CD’s lasted longer and by how much ?

Minutes and Seconds
For accuracy, especially in sport, time Adding Times :- 4 mins 40 secs

is measured in minutes and seconds + 2 mins 1 50 secs
(and the seconds are sometimes 7 mins 30 secs
measured to 1 or 2 decimal places).
90 secs = 1 min 30 secs
Exercise 3
1. Round the following times to the nearest second :-

a 23·7 secs b 19·45 secs c 54·09 secs
d 2 mins 15·8 secs e 5 mins 9·38 secs f 22 mins 59·9 secs
2. A pop song lasted 195 seconds.

Write this time in minutes and seconds.
3. Change each of these to minutes and seconds :-

a 100 secs b 153 secs c 230 secs
4. Change each of these to hours and minutes :-

a 95 mins b 265 mins c 500 mins
5. Copy the following and complete :-

a 5 mins 30 secs b 3 mins 50 secs c 9 mins 55 secs
+ 4 mins 25 secs + 1 mins 30 secs + 3 mins 45 secs
d 6 mins 40 secs e 5 mins 55 secs f 7 mins 30 secs

– 3 mins 35 secs – 1 mins 05 secs – 4 mins 40 secs
6. Michelle sang 3 songs in her spot on the “TV IDOL” audition.

“Lonely” - 3 mins 25 secs, “High Spirit” - 2 mins 40 secs, “Pain” - 3 mins 15 secs.
How long did her songs last altogether ?
7. Two babies were born at Ravenmoore Maternity hospital.

Lucy was born on the 31st December 2002 at 11.50 pm.
Raymond was born at 1.20 am on the 1st January 2003.
How much older was Lucy than Raymond ?

This stopwatch shows the time in
minutes and seconds.
1
The time shown is 2 minutes 17·6 seconds. min sec 10
8. State the times shown on each of the 2 17 6

following stopwatches :–
a b c d e
min sec min sec min sec min sec min sec
3 25 4 5 17 1 9 04 8 6 00 9 0 45 2
9. The “tachograph” on a lorry shows how long a driver has driven his lorry. The times
are in hours, minutes and seconds. Write down these times :–
a b c
hr min sec hr min sec hr min sec

6 15 20 5 7 38 10 2 5 59 00 6
TJ 1
10. Jordan won the race in a time of 1 minute 13·6 seconds.

7
Nicolas was only 10 of a second behind him.
What was Nicolas’ time ?
11. Look at the practice lap times for 2 racing drivers.

a Who was faster, Bill or Ben ?
b How much faster was one than the other ? min sec min sec
2 58 7 3 00 4
12. George’s practice lap time in the same race was BILL BEN
2 minutes 54·8 seconds.

a How much faster was George than Bill ?
b The slowest time was by Brian. His time
was 15·8 seconds slower than Bill.
What was Brian’s time ?
13. It took Parminder 7 minutes 5 seconds to walk to

the top of the Wallace Monument in Stirling.
It took him 4 minutes 35 seconds to come down.
How much longer did it take him going up than coming down ?

Topic in a Nutshell
1. Change these times to 24 hour format :–

a 6·50 am b 3·05 pm c 20 to midnight
d Noon e half past midnight f 10 to 11 at night.
2. Write the following in 12 hour format :- (remember to use am or pm)
a 0705 b 1450 c 1057 d 2257
3. I set off for a meeting in Aberdeen at 0945 and got back home at 1425.
How long had I been away from home ?
4. A van driver started his deliveries at 25 past 8 in the morning.

It took him 7 hours and 45 minutes to do all his deliveries.
At what time did the driver finish ?
5. The “Happy Traveller” paddle steamer sails a circular route in Loch Durness.
The times of the first 2 sails, from the pier, are shown below in the table.
Pier Eagle Pine Strum Bruce’s Royal Pier

Point Harbour Castle Cave Gardens
1st Sail 0950 1005 1040 1115 1145 1225 1320
2nd Sail 1415 1430 1505
a How long did it take from Strum Castle to Bruce’s Cave ?

b How long in total was the 1st sail from pier to pier ?
c Assuming both sails took the same time, at what
time would the 2nd sail reach the the Royal Gardens ?
6. New York time is 5 hours behind British time.

This means that when it is 9·00 pm here, it is only 4·00 pm in New York.
I flew from Manchester Airport to New York at 1305.
If the flight took 8 hours 15 minutes, at what time, (New York time),
would I arrive at New York Airport ?
7. Lucy and Jane are friends who ran in the

Aberdeen 10 km race for charity.
Jane’s time is shown on the 1st stopwatch. min sec min sec
48 50 3
Lucy was 25·4 seconds slower than Jane.
Jane Lucy
Copy the blank stopwatch and fill in Lucy’s time.

Chapter 5 Statistics
Organising and Interpreting Information
Data can often appear untidy and difficult to understand.

Organising such data into tables and graphs can make it easier to interpret.
Frequency tables
12 15 13 13 14 16
Example
Shown are the times (in minutes) taken 17 13 14 14 14 17
to complete an obstacle course. 15 14 12 13 13 15
Organise the data into a frequency table. 12 14 16 14 13 12
Time Tally Frequency Frequency is the

same as number.
12 ll
13 lll
Tally marks are
14
grouped in fives
15
llll lll=8
Exercise 1
1. Copy and complete the frequency table in the example above.
2. Pupils were asked to name their favourite sport.

Sport Tally Frequency
football darts snooker football darts
PY
snooker tennis football rugby tennis
tennis football football tennis
football CO
rugby
darts football snooker football snooker
a Copy and complete the frequency table.

b How many pupils chose tennis ?
c What was the most popular sport ?
d How many more pupils chose football than rugby ?
e How many pupils were asked to name their favourite sport ?
this is Chapter Five page 52 STATISTICS

3. Twenty four boxes of sweets are
opened and the number of sweets
in each box is counted.
The results are shown in the table.
44 41 41 39 40 42 42 44
41 42 44 41 40 41 41 41
39 42 40 41 42 38 40 41
a Copy and complete the frequency table. Sweets Tally Frequency

b How many boxes contained 40 sweets ? 38
c How many boxes contained 39
more than 41 sweets ?
4. Each year the Inter House school trophy DUNSTOON H.S.

is awarded to the best year - group in 1984 Sec 1 1991 Sec 5 1998 Sec 6
Dunstoon High School. 1985 Sec 2 1992 Sec 6 1999 Sec 3
1986 Sec 4 1993 Sec 1 2000 Sec 5
This table shows the results over 1987 Sec 6 1994 Sec 3 2001 Sec 1
a 21 year period. 1988 Sec 1 1995 Sec 5 2002 Sec 3
1989 Sec 1 1996 Sec 6 2003 Sec 4
a Make up your own frequency
1990 Sec 5 1997 Sec 6 2004 Sec 6
table to show how many times
each year group has won.
b Which year group has won the most trophies ?
c Which year group do you think has been the poorest ? Why ?
Pictographs and bar graphs can also be used to display information.
5. The pictograph shows the number of trees that were planted in the school grounds.
(Each symbol represents 2 trees.)
Key: stands for 2 trees.

Week 1
a How many trees were planted in :- Week 2

(i) week 1 (the answer is not 2)
Week 3
(ii) week 2 (iii) week 3
Week 4
(iv) week 4 (v) week 5 ?
b How many trees were Week 5
planted altogether ?

6. The pictograph shows the number of pupils who made a purchase at the tuck shop.
(Remember to look at the key first).
Key: stands for 4 pupils. Mon

Mon
a How many pupils made a purchase on :– Tue

Tue
(i) Monday (the answer is not 2)
Wed
Wed
(ii) Tuesday (iii) Wednesday
Thu
Thu
(iv) Thursday (v) Friday ?
b How many more pupils were there on Fri
Fri
Tuesday than on Friday ?
7. Teachers at some primary schools were asked to name their favourite year group.
The results are shown in the bar graph below.
a How many teachers chose :– Favourite year group
(i) P3 (ii) P4 12
10
(iii) P6 (iv) P7
No. of 8
b What was the most teachers 6
popular year group ? 4
c How many teachers 2

0
were asked ? P3 P4 P5 P6 P7
Year
8. Pupils were asked to name their favourite sport.

The results are shown in the bar graph below.
a How many pupils chose :–
(i) hockey
Favourite sport
(ii) football
28
(iii) tennis
24
(iv) swimming ?
20
b How many pupils were No. of
16
asked in the survey ? Pupils
12
c This is an all boys or 8
an all girls school.
4
Which one do you think
hockey football netball tennis swimming
it is and why ?
Sports

9. Primary 1 classes in some schools were asked to name their favourite food.
Beans
Chips
Soup
Sweets
Hot dogs
10 20 30 40
a How many Primary 1’s liked :-

(i) Beans (ii) Chips (iii) Sweets (iv) Soup (v) Hot dogs ?
b What was the favourite food ?
c How many more pupils chose soup than sweets ?
d How many pupils were asked altogether ?
10. A primary 7 class were asked about the pets they had.
cat dog rabbit hamster snake budgie

6 8 3 7 1 5
Draw and label a neat bar graph to show this information.
11. An insurance secretary was

given six different types of Car Insurance – 16 Life Insurance – 12
insurance forms to complete. Pet Insurance – 8 House Insurance – 20
Draw and label a neat bar graph Contents Insurance – 18 Holiday Insurance – 15
to show this information.
12. Pupils in a P6 and P7 class were asked their national test levels for Mathematics.
AA BB D
D EE EE EE D
D BB A
A CC CC EE D
D EE DD CC D
D BB CC A
A
BB CC BB D
D DD DD D
D DD DD EE EE D
D BB CC BB D
D DD A
A CC DD
EE CC CC A
A EE EE D D E D B B C D B C D
D D E D B B C D B C D D E C D E C
a Make a frequency table and use tally marks to complete it.

b Draw and label a neat bar graph from your frequency table.

Line graphs
Line graphs can be used to compare values which change with time.
Joe growing-up
Example :– 150
This line graph shows Joe’s height
140
from the age of 6 up to 16. height
(cm) 130
The yellow shaded line shows
that when Joe was 10 years
120
old he was 130 cm tall.
6 8 10 12 14 16
age
Exercise 2
1. Use the line graph above to answer the following :-

a How tall was Joe at the age of (i) 6 (ii) 12 (iii) 14 ?
b How old was Joe when he was 150 cm tall ?
c How old was Joe when he was 125 cm tall ?
d Estimate the height of Joe at 7 years of age.
2. The line graph shows the number of cars per hour that were passing over a
bridge one Monday.
Bridge Traffic
a How many cars were passing
over the bridge at :– 350
•
•
(i) 6 am (ii) 8 am
300
(iii) 10 am (iv) noon
•
Number of cars
250
• •
(v) 1 pm ? (vi) 9.30 am
b At what time were 200

•
there 350 cars per hour
•
going over the bridge ? 150
•
c At what times (approx)
were there 250 cars per hour 6 am 7 am 8 am 9am 10am 11am noon 1 pm
going over the bridge ? Time
d Between what two times was the biggest increase in traffic ?

e Why do you think the traffic was busiest around 9 am ?

3. The line graph shows the ice cream sales (in 100’s) by Tony’s Van
from March to December 2002.
ICE CREAM SALES

14
•
12
•
10
•
Sales 8
•
(100’s) 6
•
4
•
• • • •
2
Mar Apr May June Ju ly Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month
a How many ice creams did Tony sell in May ? (in 100’s)
b How many ice creams did Tony sell in :–
(i) April (ii) July (iii) October ?
c By how much did the sales increase between June and July ?
d Between which two consecutive months did sales :-
(i) rise the most ? (ii) fall the most ?
e How many ice creams did Tony sell altogether from May to September ?
f Why do you think the sales go up and down in this way ?
4. The line graph shows the number JUICE SALES
•
of cans of juice sold in one week
from Tony’s Van. 36
a How many cans of juice 32

•
were sold on :– Number 28
• ••
(i)
(ii)
Monday
Friday
Sold
24
•
(iii) Saturday ?
20
•
b On what days were more
than 30 cans sold ?
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
c One day the van would not start. Day
Which day must it have been ?
d One of the days was a very hot day.
Which day was very hot ? Explain why it is likely to have been this day.
5. The comparative line CAR SALES
graph shows the sales 500
from two different car

400
showrooms, Cars-R-Us
and Best Cars. No. CARS-R-US
of 300
a Which company
had the better cars 200 BESTCARS
sales in :- sold
100
(i) February
(ii) April
0
(iii) May
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul
(iv) June ?
Month
b How many cars
were sold by
each company in :- (i) May (ii) March (iii) April ?
c Over the months shown, which company had the better (total) sales ?
6. Rachael recorded her height

Age 6 8 10 12 14 16
from the age of 6 up to 16.
Height (cm) 120 130 135 135 150 155
Draw and label a neat line graph
(Hint : look at the example on page 93)
7. Mary recorded how many flies

her pet spider ate each day.
Day Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri

No. of flies 3 7 1 3 10
Draw and label a neat line graph

8. The table shows the number of goals scored by a school

football team each month. Month Goals
Draw and label a neat line graph to display this data. Aug 20
Sept 30
Oct 15
Nov 45
Dec 10
Jan 25

Pie charts
Favourite Pets
Pie charts are also useful for displaying information.
The pie chart displays the results of a survey Dog

conducted to find the most popular pet in a class.
Cat
The chart shows that the cat was the most popular pet. Fish
Mouse
Exercise 3
1. a From the diagram above, write down the least popular pet.
b Make a list of the pets from most popular to least popular.
Favourite Drinks
2. The class also surveyed the most popular drink.
Water Orange
a Write down the classes’ favourite drink.
b List the drinks in order, from most popular. Lemon
Cola
IrnBru
This pie chart has been divided into 10 equal “sectors”.
1
B
Each “bit” is of the whole pie.
10 A
5
C
The chart shows that the green sector (A) is .
10
3. a From the pie chart above, how many tenths are shown by B (the blue sector) ?
b What fraction does C (the red sector) represent ?
4. The pie chart shows the results of a class survey into

favourite restaurant food. Chinese
a Write down the fraction of the class who chose :–
Indian
?
(i) Indian ( ) (ii) Chinese
10
(iii) Italian (iv) French. Italian
b List the foods in order, from most popular
to least popular. French

Look back at the pie chart from question 4.
3 3
Italian was 10
. If there were 20 in the class, Italian is 10
of 20 = 20 ÷ 10 x 3 = 6.
Can you see that 6 pupils chose Italian ?
5. Look back again at the pie chart from question 4.

If there were 20 pupils in the class, how many chose :-
a French b Chinese c Indian ?
(Check that your answers to Italian, French, Chinese and Indian add to give 20 pupils).
6. Fifty people were asked to name

their favourite holiday destination. 50
Italy
people
The results are shown in the pie chart. France
Calculate how many people chose :-
Spain
a America b Spain
America
c France d Italy ?
7. This pie chart has been divided into 20 equal parts.

a What fraction does each part stand for ?
Favourite mealtime
b What fraction represents :-
?
(i) Dinner ( ) (ii) Supper 100
20
(iii) Lunch (iv) Breakfast ? people
Lunch
100 people were asked in the survey.
Dinner
1
c What is of 100 ?
20 Supper
Breakfast
d How many people chose :–

(i) Dinner (ii) Supper
(iii) Lunch (iv) Breakfast ?
8. 100 people were asked to name

their favourite school subject.
Maths - 50
English - 20
French - 5
Science - 15
History - 10 COPY
Copy (or trace) the blank pie chart, and
complete it showing the above information.

Interpreting tables
Fri Sat Sun
Exercise 4 Apples 5 7 12
Oranges 12 14 27
1. The table shows the number of pieces
of fruit sold over a weekend.
a How many apples were sold on :-
(i) Sunday (ii) Saturday (iii) Friday (iv) altogether ?
b How many oranges were sold on :-
(i) Sunday (ii) Friday (iii) altogether ?
c Over the three days, how many more oranges were sold than apples ?
2. Using Asha’s timetable below, answer the following questions :–

a How many periods in Period 1 2 3 4 5
a week are given to :–
Monday Maths French P.E. History Art
(i) Maths
Tuesday English Maths Geog R. E. French
(ii) English
Wednesday Music English History Maths Maths
(iii) P.E.
(iv) Art ? Thursday Geog French English P.E. P.E.
b Which subject Friday H.E. French Music Maths English

does Asha have on :-
(i) Monday 2 (ii) Friday 3 (iii) Thursday 4 (iv) Tuesday 4 ?
c Write down which days and which periods Asha has :–
(i) Maths (ii) French (iii) Music (iv) Art.
3. Jason takes his dad to buy a new bike.

The table shows the cost of bikes
of different sizes and standards. Small Medium Large
a How much would it cost Economy £24 £28 £32

for each of these bikes :-
Standard £25 £30 £35
(i) small economy
Deluxe £30 £36 £40
(ii) medium standard
(iii) large standard
(iv) deluxe large ?
b Jason’s dad paid £25 for his bike.
Which bike did Jason get ?

4. Mr. Wilson is looking at the 1 1week
week 2 2weeks
weeks33weeks
weeks 44weeks
weeks
holiday table shown opposite.
Beach Hotel
Beach Hotel £217
£217 £299
£299 £329
£329 £349
£349
a How much would it cost
Bay
BayHotel
Hotel £227
£227 £311
£311 £335
£335 £350
£350
Mr. Wilson to stay at the :-
Sun
SunHotel
Hotel £249
£249 £299
£299 £349
£349 £399
£399
(i) Beach Hotel for one week ?
(ii) Bay Hotel for two weeks ?
(iii) Sun Hotel for four weeks ?
(iv) Bay Hotel for four weeks ?
b Mr. Wilson paid £299 for his holiday.
Where did he stay and for how long ?
c The table prices shown are for each person.
How much would it cost altogether for Mr. and Mrs. Boney to stay at the :-
(i) Beach Hotel for one week ? (ii) Sun Hotel for two weeks ?
5. This holiday table shows the prices

One week Two weeks
for each adult and each child.
Adult Child Adult Child
How much would it cost for each
of the following holidays :- Majorca £149 £79 £189 £99
a Majorca, 1 adult for 1 week ?
b Malta, 1 adult for 2 weeks ? Portugal £179 £69 £199 £89
c Portugal, 2 adults for 1 week ?

Malta £229 £99 £279 £129
d Malta, 1 adult and 1 child
for 2 weeks ?
e Mr. Podge, his wife and 3 children for two weeks in Portugal ?
6. The charges for a delivery service

are shown in the table. Distance under between above
Distance 5under
km between
5-10 km above
10 km
a What is the charge for each Weight 5 km
Weight 5-10 km 10 km
of the following deliveries :-
11 --54kg kg £5·50
£5·50 £6·00
£6·00 £8·50
£8·50
(i) 2 kg delivered 3 km ?
64-- 10
10kgkg £7·50
£7·50 £8·50
£8·50 £10·50
£10·50
(ii) 14 kg delivered 12 km ?
11
10 --20
20kg kg £8·50
£8·50 £9·00
£9·00 £12·50
£12·50
(iii) 9 kg delivered 7 km ?
(iv) 11 kg delivered 2 km ? above
above 20 kg £10·50
20 kg £10·50 £11·00
£11·00 £15·00
£15·00
b I paid £9 for a package delivery.
Give an example of the weight of the package and how far it was delivered.

Topic in a Nutshell
1. A class were asked to name Nicke Nicke Crok Sprint

their favourite sportswear label. TedPerry Asidas Crok Crok
Shown opposite are their answers. Sprint Nicke Asidas TedPerry
Nicke Nicke Nicke Asidas
Crok Asidas Sprint TedPerry
Nicke Nicke Crok Crok
a Copy and complete the
frequency table. Label Tally Frequency
b How many pupils were Nicke
in the class ? Crok
Asidas
OPY
c Which was the most popular
Ted Perry C
sports wear ?
Sprint
2. The pictograph shows the number of

Key: stands for 5 pupils.
pupils who attended football practice.
a How many pupils attended on :-
(i) Monday ? Mon
Mon
(ii) Tuesday ? Tue
Tue
(iii) Friday ?
Wed
Wed
Mr. Sampson needs at least 90 pupils
to attend practice each week, otherwise Thu
Thu
he will cancel next week’s practice.
Fri
Fri
b Will next week’s practice be cancelled ?
Explain your answer.
3. The bar graph shows the number Crisps sold

of bags of crisps sold at the
12
school tuck shop one day.
a How many of each type No. of 8
was sold ? bags
4
b How many bags were
sold altogether ?
Beef Salt Cheese Bacon Chicken
Type of crisp

4. People were asked to name their favourite holiday destination.
America Spain Italy France Britain
Spain Italy Britain America America
America Spain Spain Spain America
Spain Britain America Spain France
Spain America Spain Britain France
America Spain France Spain Britain
a Draw a frequency table to show this information with the use of tally marks.
b Now draw and label a neat bar graph to help represent this information.
5. The line graph shows the number NEWSPAPER DELIVERIES
••
of newspapers delivered by a
40
paper boy one week. Number delivered
••••
36
a Write down the number of papers
the boy delivered each day. 32
•
b How many deliveries did the
28
boy make altogether this week ?
c On which days did the boy deliver :- 24
(i) more than 36 papers ?

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
(ii) less than 33 papers ? Day
6. This Pie Chart with 8 sectors shows where pupils go for lunch.
a What fraction of them go home for lunch ?
Lunchtime
b What fraction represents :-
(i) packed lunch ?
(ii) shops/van ?
shops
(iii) school dinner ? school
/van dinner
40 pupils were asked in the survey.
c How many pupils :-
packed
(i) went home ? lunch
(ii) took packed lunch ? home
(iii) went to the shops/van ? 40

(iv) had school dinner ? pupils

7. Theatre ticket prices Mon – Thu Fri –
are shown in the table.
Sat
a How much would it cost for :-
Stalls £15 £9 £22 £15
(i) one adult stalls
ticket on Tuesday ?
Circle £12 £7 £19 £12
(ii) one child circle
ticket on Friday ? Upper
£10 £5 £17 £11
(iii) Two adult upper Circle
circle tickets on Saturday ?
(iv) One adult and one child upper circle ticket on Wednesday ?
b Mr. and Mrs. Bruce take their two children
on a Friday and buy upper circle tickets.
Calculate the total cost for the tickets.
c How much would they have saved if they had gone on Thursday instead ?
Conducting a survey
When carrying out a survey you need to consider several points :-
- the type of questions you will ask.
- who you will ask.
- how will you organise your answers.
- how will you display your answers.
You may wish to use a frequency table, bar graph, line graph or pie chart.
1. Choose one from the list below and carry out a survey.
a The shoe sizes in your class.

b Which month of the year were the members of your class born ?
c Favourite class cartoon character.
d Favourite international football team.
e Favourite pop star.
f Most popular breakfast.
g How do you get to school ?
h Number of words each member of your class can write in 30 seconds.
i Heights of each pupil in your class.
2. Choose another from the list - or make one up for yourself - and conduct a survey.
(Make sure that this survey is different from your first.
You could work in groups – Display your graphs and charts).

Chapter
Chapter 66 Decimals
2
Multiply and Divide Decimals
Multiplication by 10 and 100.

Learn these rules for decimals :–
If you multiply by 10,
2·54
=> move all the figures ONE place LEFT
x 10
(or move the point one place right)
25·4
If you multiply by 100,
26·725
=> move all the figures TWO places LEFT
x 100
(or move the point two places right)
2672·5
Exercise 1
1. Write down the answers to these multiplications :–
a 3·7 x 10 b 4·5 x 10 c 4·52 x 10 d 10 x 7·21
e 10 x 12·78 f 0·94 x 10 g 10 x 3·008 h 0·0147 x 10
2. Write down the answers to :–

a 5·96 x 100 b 8·74 x 100 c 100 x 2·05 d 100 x 2·6
e 5·47 x 100 f 100 x 2·68 g 100 x 0·0589 h 0·0068 x 100
3. A bag of Uncle Bob’s rice weighs 1·16 kg. What is the weight of :- BOB’s
a 10 bags b 100 bags ?
4. There are 100 centimetres in 1 metre. How many centimetres are there in :-
a 4·14 m b 27·6 m c 0·9 m d 0·003 m ?
5. There are 10 millimetres in 1 centimetre. How many millimetres are there in :-

a 90·0 cm b 0·9 cm c 9·9 cm d 0·09 cm ?
6. Granny Smith gives her 10 grandchildren pocket money.

She uses the loose change in her purse.
Last week, the grandchildren each received £2·36.
How much loose change must Granny Smith have had ?
7. Each of the 100 men in the bowling club’s “100 Club” received
£500·80 for getting “5 numbers up” in the lottery.
What was the total prize that night for the five winning numbers ?
this is Chapter Six page 66 DECIMALS 2
Division by 10 and 100.
Learn these rules for decimals :–
If you divide by 10,
=> move all the figures ONE place RIGHT 4·7 8
(or move the point one place left) 10 4 7 · 8
If you divide by 100,
=> move all the figures TWO places RIGHT 2· 4 7 3
(or move the point two places left) 100 2 4 7 · 3
Exercise 2
1. Write down the answers to the following divisions :–
a 14·2 ÷ 10 b 35·9 ÷ 10 c 7·84 ÷ 10 d 247·5 ÷ 10
e 23·82 ÷ 10 f 478·27 ÷ 10 g 57·02 ÷ 10 h 46 ÷ 10
i 8 ÷ 10 j 0·34 ÷ 10 k 0·2 ÷ 10 l 0·047 ÷ 10
2. Try the following :–

a 488·4 ÷ 100 b 417·12 ÷ 100 c 15·8 ÷ 100 d 42·04 ÷ 100
e 470 ÷ 100 f 9 ÷ 100 g 5·6 ÷ 100 h 0·6 ÷ 100
3. a When 100 paper clips are weighed, their total weight is 42·7 grams.
What is the weight of 1 paper clip ?
b 100 people form a group who get 5 numbers up in the lottery.
Their total winnings come to £70 803·00.
How much will each person receive ?
c Grandpa Jones gives his 10 grandchildren pocket money, monthly.

He puts his loose change into a tin for this purpose.
Last month, Grandpa had saved £25·20 of loose change in his tin.
How much did he give each of his grandchildren ?
4. There are 10 millimetres in 1 centimetre. How many centimetres are equal to :-

a 60 mm b 80·3 mm c 427 mm d 0·6 mm ?
5. 1 metre = 100 centimetres. How many metres are the same as :-

a 303 cm b 4510 cm c 65 cm d 7 cm ?
6. Mr Devlin buys 100 jotters for a total of £35.

What is the cost of one jotter ?

Multiplication by a Single Digit.
* It is very important for you know your multiplication tables.
Example 1 34·8 x 6 34 · 8 4 5·2 9

x6 x7
Example 2 45·29 x 7 2 08·8 3 17 · 03
2 4 note that 3 2 6 Again
the points the points
stay in line stay in line
Exercise 3
1. How well do you know your tables ? Write the answers to :-
a 4x8 b 5x6 c 6x8 d 7x4
e 8x5 f 3x9 g 7x5 h 8x6
i 6x9 j 9x5 k 9x6 l 5x9
m 9x7 n 4x9 o 7x6 p 10 x 10
q 6x7 r 8x7 s 5x8 t 8x9
u 9x8 v 7x7 w 9x9 x 7x9
2. Copy and complete each calculation :-

a 4·9 b 5·8 c 15·3 d 92·3
x2 x3 x4 x5
e 41·7 f 32·6 g 36·6 h 52·7

x6 x7 x8 x9
i 4·87 j 6·52 k 45·8 l 3·87

x7 x6 x4 x8
m 5·67 n 8·26 o 65·8 p 6·84

x3 x5 x7 x9
3. Put each of these in the form shown above, then carry out the multiplication :-
a 3·4 x 2 b 2·7 x 3 c 8·6 x 4 d 5·7 x 3
e 5 x 6·4 f 4 x 18·6 g 3·17 x 7 h 6 x 2·83
i 8 x 5·74 j 5 x 6·98 k 46·3 x 6 l 9 x 27·6

4. Try these problems. Show all your working !
a A notebook costs £6·48.
What is the cost of 4 identical notebooks ?
No calculator
b Emma works in a baker’s shop on a Saturday.

If she works 8 hours at £5·46 per hour
how much does she get paid ?
c A 10p coin is 2·37 cm wide.

How long will a line of 9 coins be ?
d A dictionary is 8·29 cm thick.

How high would a pile of 6 dictionaries be ?
e It says on the packet that the weedkiller

will cover 25·8 m2 of pathway.
What area of pathway can be treated with 7 packets ?
f Carol hires a bike at £2·35 per hour.

If she stays out on the bike for 6 hours
how much will it cost her ?
g What is the cost of 5 identical CD’s if one costs £12·68 ?
h A snail covered 17·4 metres in the

space of 1 hour.
At this speed, how far
will it cover in 8 hours ?
i A wall tile is 9·37 cm wide.

What width of wall will a pack of 6 tiles cover ?
j Last winter, 6·28 centimetres of snow fell every day for a week.
What depth of snow fell during this period ?
k A ten pack of chicken drumsticks

weighs 3·85 kg.
Mrs Bain buys 4 of these packs.
What weight will she be carrying home ?

Division by a Single Digit
* Again - very important for you know your multiplication tables.

2·8 4 · 1 8
Example 1 16·8 ÷ 6
6 1 6 · 48 1
7 29· 26
Example 2 29·26 ÷ 7
Exercise 4
1. How well do you know your tables ? Copy and complete :-
a 32 ÷ 8 b 30 ÷ 6 c 48 ÷ 8 d 28 ÷ 4
e 40 ÷ 5 f 27 ÷ 9 g 35 ÷ 5 h 48 ÷ 6
i 54 ÷ 9 j 45 ÷ 5 k 54 ÷ 6 l 45 ÷ 9
m 63 ÷ 7 n 36 ÷ 9 o 42 ÷ 6 p 80 ÷ 10
q 42 ÷ 7 r 56 ÷ 7 s 40 ÷ 8 t 72 ÷ 9
u 72 ÷ 8 v 49 ÷ 7 w 81 ÷ 9 x 63 ÷ 9
2. Copy and complete each calculation :-
a 2 8·4 b 3 9·6 c 4 6·8 d 5 6·5
e 6 13·8 f 7 44·1 g 8 53·6 h 9 37·8
i 2 7·36 j 3 7·35 k 4 7·56 l 5 9·75
m 6 1·56 n 7 9·73 o 8 9·84 p 9 9·54
3. Write each of these in the form shown above, then carry out the division :-
a 9·4 ÷ 2 b 7·2 ÷ 3 c 7·6 ÷ 4 d 5·45 ÷ 5

e 20·4 ÷ 6 f 74·2 ÷ 7 g 90·4 ÷ 8 h 70·29 ÷ 9
i 7·14 ÷ 6 j 1·04 ÷ 8 k 9·72 ÷ 9 l 7·88 ÷ 4
m 7·38 ÷ 2 n 8·25 ÷ 3 o 8·36 ÷ 4 p 51·5 ÷ 5
q 2·22 ÷ 6 r 8·54 ÷ 7 s 9·76 ÷ 8 t 9·81 ÷ 9
u 27·2 ÷ 4 v 5·61 ÷ 3 w 8·89 ÷ 7 x 0·80 ÷ 8

4. Try these problems. Show all your working !
a 6 packets of biscuits weigh 1·74 kilograms.
What is the weight of 1 packet ?
b Albert is paid £54·88 for working

8 hours at the Sunday market.
How much does he earn per hour ?
c To find a “third” of something, you simply divide by 3.

(i) What is a third of 38·7 ? (ii) What is a quarter of 5·88 ?
(iii) What is a fifth of 7·05 ? (iv) What is a sixth of 7·56 ?
(v) What is a eighth of 92·0 ? (vi) What is a ninth of 1·71 ?
d A pile of 7 identical books is 30·66 cm tall ?

What is the thickness of 1 book ?
e Four girls went to the cinema.

The tickets cost £10·92 in total.
What is the cost of 1 ticket ?
f A tray of 6 potted sunflowers costs £5·34.

How much is it for one pot ?
g Joyce put £7·02 into the parking meter.

She left her car parked there from 8 am until 5 pm.
How much is it to park next to the meter for 1 hour ?
h To raise money for charity, school pupils held a sponsored “sing-along”.

All pupils had to sing non-stop for 90 minutes.
Unfortunately a few of the pupils had stopped singing one quarter
of the way through.
For how many minutes had they sang ?
i 9 children decided to split the cost of

a box of fireworks.
If the cost of the fireworks was £5·13,
how much did each have to pay ?
j I poured 8 glasses of lemonade from a 2·4 litre jug.

I managed to pour an equal amount into each glass.
How much juice was in each glass ?

Mixed Problems
In this exercise, you have to decide whether to ADD, SUBTRACT, MULTIPLY or DIVIDE.
You MAY use a calculator, but show what type of calculation you are doing.
Do not just write down an answer.
Exercise 5
1. Rona buys a handbag for £25·85 and a pair of gloves at £17·99.
What is the total cost ?
2. The band “Aquaria” have two CD’s out at the moment.

One lasts for 42·3 minutes, the other for only 37·8 minutes.
How much longer does the first CD last than the second ?
3. Donald works for 8 hours on a Saturday for £8·95 per hour.

His brother, Dougal, gets paid only £8·29 per hour, but he works
for 9 hours on a Saturday.
Who comes home with the higher pay packet and by how much ?
4. Sally paid out £85·68 for 6 driving lessons.

How much did this work out for each lesson ?
5. Sidney bought 3 computer games, priced £28·99, £32·45 and £23·10.

How much change did he get from nine £10 notes ?
6. Mandy is putting edging slabs round her lawn.

The total length around the lawn is 18 metres.
Each concrete edging slab is 2·3 metres long.
Mandy buys 7 slabs. Is this enough ? Explain !
7. Mrs Grace is the manager of a retail company.

She saw this advert in a magazine and sent off SPECIAL OFFER
an order for 5 staplers and 4 hole punches. Staplers - £1·48

When her order arrived she noticed that her bill Hole Punches - £0·94
was for £12.
How much had she been overcharged ?
8. David hires a carpet cleaner from the local store. It costs him £7·75 deposit
plus £2·65 per hour. He returned the carpet cleaner after 3 hours use.
How much had he to pay ?

9. Sandy bought 8 packets of chewing gum, each costing £0·63, 4 packets of toffees
at 92p each and 2 bottles of cola at £1·23 each.
His sister, Rose, offered to split the total cost equally with him.
She gave Sandy a £5 note. Was this enough ? Explain !
10. George hired an electric drill.

It cost £32·96 for a 4 hour hire.
How much did that work out at, per hour ?
11. Barry fills his motor bike with petrol.

He puts in 9 litres at a cost of £0·78 per litre.
How much does he get back from one £5 note and 3 pound coins ?
12. The good ship Galileo used 46·8 litres of fuel during a 6 hour trip.
How much fuel is used in one hour ?
13. A group of 16 children pay a total of £56·80

to have a night out at the theatre.
What is the cost of one ticket ?
VISIT THE CASTLE

14. Find the total cost (including parking)
for each of the following groups to visit Entrance
the castle :- Adult Child
£1·34 69p
a 20 adults in a coach.
Parking
b 15 children in a minibus. Coach Car Minibus
£2·50 £1·15 £1·92
c 2 adults and 2 children in a car.
15. Look again at the entry fees for visiting the castle.
If a group of 12 travelling by coach pays a total
of £15·33 for parking and visiting the castle,
how many of them were adults and how many were children ?
16. The times of the five fastest runners in a school’s sports event were :-
28·7 seconds 30·1 seconds 31·3 seconds 31·7 seconds 32·7 seconds
Calculate the average time taken by these five runners.

Topic in a Nutshell
1. Set down and find :-

a 3·24 x 9 b 5 x 4·68 c 7·44 ÷ 4 d 9·59 ÷ 7.
2. Write down the answers to these multiplications and divisions :–

a 5·1 x 10 b 74·3 x 10 c 7·96 x 10 d 3·2 x 100
e 56·34 x 100 f 5·74 x 100 g 4·81 ÷ 100 h 5 ÷ 100
3. Six long-life light bulbs cost £22·32.

What does one cost ?
4. One bag of cement covers 8 square metres of ground when laid thinly.
a How many full bags will I need for a piece of ground with an area
of 126 square metres ? (careful)
b At £7·46 per bag, what will I have to pay ?
5. A group of 25 children and 4 adults are going to a Water Park.

The cost is £8·46 per adult and half-price for each child.
Work out the cost for :-
a the adults. b the children. c the whole group.
6. Hazel and five of her friends bought a bag of chips and one pickled onion each.
The total bill came to £9·36.
If the cost of a bag of chips was £1·22, calculate :-
a the cost of the chips for everyone
b the total cost of the pickled onions
c the cost of one pickled onion.
7. Maitland’s are selling boxes of 20 salmon for £69·40.

Marshall’s are selling their salmon at £82·32 for a box of 24.
By working out the cost of 1 salmon in each shop, find which
fishmonger sells the cheaper fish.

Chapter
Chapter 77 Algebra
Revision Work
Basic “Equations”
Example 1 :- Look at this simple statement (an equation).
5 + * = 11 - what does the “ * ” stand for ?
=> By using your finger to cover up
the star, ask yourself :-
5 + * = 11
“ 5 plus what equals 11
=> * = 6
=> the answer of course is “6”.
3 further examples :-
* = 3
3 x * = 15 10 – * = 4
6
=> * = 5 => * = 6
=> * = 18
3 different examples :-
Which of the 4 symbols, + , – x or ÷ should replace the box each time ?
12 6 = 6 2 3 = 5 2 3 = 6
=> is “–” => is “+” => is “x”
Exercise 1
1. Copy each of the following and find what * stands for each time :-
a 4 + * = 7 b 10 – * = 2 c * x 4 = 20
=> * = ..... => * = ..... => * = .....
2. Find the value of * in each of the following :–

a 6 + * = 20 b 3 + * = 3 c 18 + * = 30
d * + 11 = 19 e 12 – * = 3 f 20 – * = 10
g 9 – * = 0 h 7 – * = 7 i * – 4 = 7
j * – 10 = 19 k * – 3 = 0 l * – 5 = 4
m 3 x * = 21 n 6 x * = 48 o * x 5 = 35
this is Chapter Seven page 75 ALGEBRA

* = 6 * = 5
p 9 x * = 0 q r
3 8
20
s = 10 t 36 ÷ * = 4 u 27 ÷ * = 9
*
3. In each of the following, the symbol stands for +, –, x or ÷.
Decide which symbol is needed each time here :–
a 6 4 = 10 b 12 2 = 10 c 2 5 = 10
d 30 3 = 10 e 5 1 = 4 f 5 1 = 5
g 5 1 = 6 h 8 2 = 4 i 30 3 = 33
j 36 4 = 32 k 42 6 = 7 l 50 10 = 500
4.
•
By inserting each of +, –, x or ÷, in place of
answers to 20 4. • , find all the possible
5. Replace
• and * by any of the symbols +, –, x or ÷ in turn to produce all 16 answers
to 24
• 6
* 2.
6. Look at the scales shown below and find the weight of the brown box each time :–
a b c
5 12 9 2 16
d e 13 f
7
16 31 24
7. Which of the 2 cakes is heavier, and by how much is it heavier than the other ?
3 8 8 10
9 7 4
CAKE A CAKE B
8. What must the length of the red piece of wood be each time here ?
a 7 cm 5 cm b 20 cm
? cm 12 cm ? cm
c 15 cm ? cm d ? cm ? cm
35 cm 24 cm
9. Jane and Lucy compare how much money each has.

Jane has 13p and together they have 22p.
a Write down a statement using 13p, 22p and
*p (Lucy’s money).
b Find out how much money Lucy has.
10. For each of the following problems, make up a statement (equation) involving
*
+, –, x or ÷ along with a to stand for the unknown quantity and find the
*
value of each time.
a A chocolate bar had 16 squares.
Nick ate some squares and found he was then left with 5 squares.
How many squares did Nick eat ? (start with 16 –
* = 5)
b 5 identical coins weigh 100 grams.
What does 1 coin weigh ? (Make up an equation first).
c When a small lottery win was shared between 4 people,
each person received £7.
What was the value of the total lottery win ?
d When George stood on the bathroom scales holding his pet dog,
their total weight was 56 kg.
If George himself weighed 47 kg, what was the weight of his dog ?
e 4 new tyres cost Mr Brown £160.
What is the cost of 1 tyre ?
f When a 42 metre piece of rope is cut into identical lengths, the
length of each piece is 6 metres.
How many cut pieces of rope were there ?
g When Mrs White was asked her age, she fibbed and said she was only 39.
If she had taken 8 years off her true age, how old was Mrs White ?

Equations
Instead of using “ * “ to represent a missing value, mathematicians tend

to use letters instead. “x ” is a firm favourite.
x
Examples :- x+2=7 x–4=5 2 x x = 12 =7
10
=> x = 5 => x = 9 => x=6
[use cover up] => x = 70
These are examples of equations.
Exercise 2
1. Copy each equation and solve it to find the value of x :–

a x + 4 = 11 b x + 10 = 13 c 7 + x = 19
d x+7=7 e x–5=2 f x–9=1
g x–6=6 h 10 – x = 5 i 20 – x = 9
j 3 x x = 18 k 5 x x = 35 l 10 x x = 60
x x
m x x 20 = 40 n = 11 o =5
2 9
p x÷8=3 q x÷4=4 r 30 ÷ x = 5
2. Though x is a firm favourite, any letter can be used to stand for a missing quantity.
Copy each of the following and find the missing values each time :–
a y + 7 = 15 b t – 3 = 11 c 4 x p = 20
d m =7 e g+8=8 f w – 10 = 20
3
g f x 7 = 49 h h÷6=1 i 1·5 + q = 4·5
j 27 – z = 9 k 8 x s = 40 l 36 ÷ d = 4
3. For each of the following :–

(i) make up an equation using the letter shown.
(ii) solve the equation to find the value of the letter.
a b c
x y t t
4 9
11 20 18

d e f
n n n n p p p f
30
32 150 50
4. John and Sandra’s combined ages are 29.

John is 13.
Make up an equation and solve it to find
Sandra’s age.
5. When a melon was cut into 4 identical pieces, each

piece weighed 300 grams.
Make up an equation and solve it to find the total
weight of the melon.
6. Wee Jimmy, the Janni, was asked to count

how many tables had been laid out in the
hall for an exam.
He counted the legs instead and found there
were 240 legs.
Make up an equation and solve it to find
how many tables there were.
7. When 250 ml of water was poured from a kettle

into a cup, there were 1230 ml left in the kettle.
Make up an equation and solve it to find how
much water was in the kettle to begin with.
8. I walked 3 kilometres to my friend’s house and it took me 36 minutes.

Make up an equation and solve it to find how long it would take me to walk
1 kilometre if I walked at the same speed.
9. The combined number of apple and pear trees in an orchard is 42.

There are 18 pear trees.
Make up an equation and solve it to find how many apple trees there are.
10. When a box of chocolates is shared equally, Ned, Ted and Fred each get
13 chocolates.
Make up an equation and solve it to find how many chocolates are in
the box before sharing.

Function Machines (Revision)
in
A function machine or number machine is another
name for a mathematical rule for creating new
numbers from old.
Example :- Shown is the function machine which takes

a number IN one side, doubles it and pushes out
the answer OUT the other side.
It can be written as
IN double OUT
If we put the number 8 in :–
8 double 16
16 comes out.
Exercise 3
1. Look again at the double function machine. IN double OUT

a What comes out when you put in the number :–
(i) 7 (ii) 10 (iii) 50 (iv) 1·2 (v) 0 ?
b What number must have been put in to produce the answer
(i) 6 (ii) 30 (iii) 5000 (iv) 6·4 (v) 9 ?
2. Here is a new function machine. IN + 11 OUT
a What comes out of this machine when you put in the number :–
(i) 7 (ii) 2 (iii) 0 (iv) 25 (v) 6·5 ?
b What number must have been put in to produce the answer :-
(i) 25 (ii) 22 (iii) 50 (iv) 11·5 (v) 6311 ?
3. Shown below are some function machines.
IN –5 OUT IN +9 OUT
machine A machine B
IN x 4 OUT IN ÷3 OUT
machine C machine D

a What comes out when you put 5 into machine C ?
b What comes out when the following numbers are put into these machines :–
(i) 7 into machine A (ii) 24 into machine D (iii) 17 into machine B ?
c What numbers must have been put in to get the following numbers out :–
(i) 10 out of machine A (ii) 36 out of machine C (iii) 9 out of machine D ?
4. Look at the diagram showing costs of lollypops.

no of lollies cost (p)
1 8p
2 ....p
1 lolly 2 lollies 3 lollies 3 ....p
8p 16p 24p 4 ....p
5 ....p
a Make a neat copy of this table and complete it. 6 ....p
b Copy this sentence and complete it :–
“To calculate the total cost of a number of lollies, you
multiply the number of lollies by .......”
c This can be represented by a function machine.
(number of lollies) IN x .... OUT cost in pence.
Copy the function machine and fill in the value of the middle box.
d Use the function machine to find the cost of 10 lollies.
5. The rule for making a good pot of tea is to use :-

“1 teabag per person + 1 for the pot”.
This can be shown in the table :-
No. of people 1 2 3 4 5 6
No. of teabags 2 3 ... ... ... ...
a Copy this table and complete it.

b Copy and complete the rule for making a good cup of tea.
“If there are a number of people wanting tea, you simply ............ to
this number to find how many teabags are needed”.
c Copy and complete this function machine to show your rule.
(no. of people) IN x .... OUT (no. of teabags)

6. The PERIMETER of a shape is the total distance round all of its edges.
3 cm 3 cm
1 cm 1 cm 2 cm 2 cm
Equilateral triangle
1 cm 2 cm 3 cm
Perimeter = 3 cm Perimeter = 6 cm Perimeter = 9 cm
a Copy this table showing the perimeter of equilateral triangles.
Length of side 1 cm 2 cm 3 cm 4 cm 5 cm 6 cm
Perimeter of triangle 3 cm 6 cm ... ... ... ...
b Copy and complete the sentence :–

“To calculate the perimeter of an equilateral triangle you :-
............ the length of the side by ............. “
c Draw up the function machine which shows how to calculate the perimeter.
(length of side) IN x .... OUT (perimeter of triangle)
d What perimeter comes out when the length of side is 10 cm ?
7. Look at the following Pentagons.

3 cm 3 cm
2 cm 2 cm
1 cm 1 cm
2 cm 2 cm 3 cm 3 cm
1 cm 1 cm
1 cm 2 cm 3 cm
a Copy and complete this table.
Length of side 1 cm 2 cm 3 cm 4 cm 5 cm 6 cm
Perimeter of pentagon 5 cm ... ... ... ... ...
b Draw up the function machine which shows how this works.

c If the number coming out of the function machine (the perimeter) is 400,
what number must have gone in (the length of the side) ?

8. It is possible to combine 2 or more function machines.
IN x 4 +1 OUT
combined function machine
a What finally comes out of this function machine if you put 5 in ?

b What comes out of the machine when the following numbers are put in :–
1
(i) 3 (ii) 4 (iii) 10 (iv) 0 (v) ?
2
9. Look at these 2 function machines.
IN x 2 +3 OUT IN +3 x 2 OUT
Machine A Machine B
a What comes out when 6 is put in :– (i) machine A (ii) machine B ?

b What comes out when 10 is put in :– (i) machine A (ii) machine B ?
c Both machines take in numbers and at some point multiply by 2 and add 3.
Do both machines produce the same result each time ?
10. Shown are several combined function machines.
IN x 3 – 1 OUT IN + 5 ÷2 OUT
Machine P Machine Q
IN ÷3 +4 OUT IN x 3 x 2 OUT
Machine R Machine S
What numbers come out of the machines when the following are put in :–
a 7 in machine P b 3 in machine Q c 12 in machine R
d 4 in machine S e 0 in machine R f 4 in machine Q ?
11. In this function machine, when 3 is

put in, the number 32 comes out. IN +
* x 4 OUT
What number must * represent ?

12. In a game, if each team has a certain number of players, then the total number
of people on the pitch (including the referee) is as follows :-
players in each team = 2 players in each team = 3 players in each team = 4
people on the pitch = 5 people on the pitch = 7 people on the pitch = 9
a Copy and complete this table.
Players in each team 1 2 3 4 5 6

People on the pitch ... 5 7 ... ... ...
b This can be shown as a function machine.
players in people on
IN x ? +? OUT
each team the pitch
Draw the function machine and complete it.

c Use your machine to find the number of people on the pitch if there
are 11 players in each team.
13. If you wish to hire a ladder from “Hire–It–All”, the cost is as follows :–
“Hire–It–All” charges you • £6 to hire it
• plus £4 for every day of hire.
Example :– Hire for 2 days –> charge = £6 + (2 x £4) = £14.

Hire for 3 days –> charge = £6 + (3 x £4) = £18.
a Copy this table showing “Hire–It–All”’ charges.
No. of days hired 1 2 3 4 5 6

Total hire cost ... £14 £18 ... ... ...

Copy and complete :–
no. of days hired IN x ... + ... OUT total cost
c Use the function machine to find the cost of hiring a ladder for 10 days.
(Put 10 into your function machine).

Topic in a Nutshell
1. Copy the following and find what * stands for :–

a 9 + * = 15 b 10 – * = 6 c 3 x * = 21
* = .... * = .... * = ....
2. What number does stand for each time here :–

a 4 + = 11 b x 5 = 30 c = 10
3
20
d –7 = 7 e = 4 f 4 x = 0
g = 1·5 h + 2·1 = 3·3 i – 25 = 0

2
3. In each of the following, the symbol stands for +, –, x or ÷.

Decide which symbol is needed each time here :–
a 6 2 = 4 b 6 2 = 12 c 6 2 = 3
d 6 2 = 8 e 12 3 = 4 f 4 2 = 8
g 1·5 1·5 = 3 h 8 8 = 0 i 8 8 = 1
4. Solve the following equations (find the value of the letter) :–

a x + 5 = 11 b x – 3 = 17 c 5 x w = 50
a
d =4 e y–9=9 f 24 ÷ m = 8
6
5. Gina weighs 38 kg and Tina weighs * kg.

Their combined weight is 70 kg.
a Make up an equation using *.
b Solve it to find Tina’s weight.
6. IN x 3 OUT IN –6 OUT
Machine A Machine B
a What number comes out when :-
(i) 7 is put into machine A (ii) 12 is put into machine B ?
b What number has gone in when :-
(i) 15 comes out of machine A (ii) 11 comes out of machine B ?

7. A Rover car has 5 tyres (4 + 1 spare)
a Copy the table showing total number of tyres.
No. of cars 1 2 3 4 5 6
No. of tyres 5 ... ... ... ... ...
b Make up a function machine to show how

to calculate the number of tyres if
you know the number of cars.
8. Look at this combined function machine.
IN – 3 ÷ 4 OUT
a What comes out when 23 is put in ?

b A number was put in and the number 2 came out.
What number must have been put in ?
9. A box weighs 30 grams.

A rubber weighs 12 grams.
The total weight of the box and 2 rubbers is

(2 x 12) + 30 = 54g.
The total weight of the box and 3 rubbers is

(3 x 12) + 30 = 66g.
a Copy and complete this table to show the total weight of box and rubbers.
No. of rubbers 1 2 3 4 5 6
Total weight ... 54g 66g ... ... ...
no. of rubbers IN x ... + ... OUT total weight.
Copy and complete the function machine.
c Use the function machine to find the total weight of a full box
containing 10 rubbers.

Chapter 8 Angles
Types of Angles
Below are ways to describe the different “type” of angles.
reflex
obtuse
right
acute •
straight
Exercise 1
1. Use a word from the above list to describe each of the red angles below :-
a b c d
e f g h
2. What type of angle is marked blue in these triangles :–

a b c d
e f g h
3. What type of angle is marked pink in these shapes :-

a b c d
this is Chapter Eight page 87 ANGLES

4. Copy the diagram below and match the type of angle with the given sizes :–
obtuse reflex straight right acute
smaller
than 90° exactly exactly
between 180°
between 90° 90° 180°
and 360°
and 180°
5. Look at the angle sizes listed below :–

210°, 88°, 110°, 17°, 60°, 180°, 176°, 91°, 90°, 335°, 31°, 169°
Write down the sizes of those angles that are :-
a acute b obtuse c straight d right e reflex.
Naming Angles
B
Remember that an angle is made up of
two arms and a vertex (corner). arm
vertex
You name an angle using
three capital letters.
A arm C
The vertex must always be
the middle letter. ∠BAC is a short way
of writing angle BAC.
Exercise 2
1. Use 3 LETTERS each time to name the red angle :–

(remember to use the “∠ “ sign).
a T b L c d Z
I Y
A
P X
P S B
V
e f g T h V
O K
H
J
C
P U
D X
K

G
2. Use THREE letters to name each angle and
say what TYPE of angle it is :–
Example – ∠GTF is an acute angle.
T F
a B b H B c O d
B
S
R
C G T
E C
O
T U
e f g h I
•W
N
S T
B T
P Y
3. Look at triangle TSV :- S

∠TSV is green.
∠STV is red.
Now look at the
∠TVS is blue.
triangles below :-
T V
P
V R
T Y M T S
From the triangles above, name each :-

a red angle b green angle c blue angle.
4. Copy the diagram shown.

∠ACD is marked yellow. A
D
Colour or mark :- yellow
a ∠EDC red C
b ∠CED green B
c ∠ACB and ∠DCE blue E

d ∠ECB yellow. (Why do you think ∠ACD and ∠BCD are both coloured yellow ?)

Measuring Angles
Remember : to measure an angle

with a protractor :- R
Step 1 : place the centre of the

protractor on the vertex
P Q
Step 2 : turn the protractor until the Use outside scale ∠ PQR = 30°
zero line lies along an arm
G
Step 3 : count from the zero
(inside or out) and read
the value where the arm
cuts the scale.
J
K
You should always estimate Use inside scale ∠ GKJ = 130°
the size of angle (in degrees)
before you measure it.
Exercise 3
1. Name and write down the size of each angle below (example ∠ PQR = 30°) :-
a b c G
A
B D I
C F H
J N P
d e f
K M Q
L O R
V Y
g h i
S
X
U
W A
T Z

2. Do not use a protractor in this question.
Choose the estimate closest to what you think the angle is :–
a b c
(i) 40° (i) 10° (i) 60°
(ii) 60° (ii) 30° (ii) 85°
(iii) 88° (iii) 70° (iii) 110°
d e f
(i) 100° (i) 15°

(ii) 140° (ii) 50° (i) 100°
(iii) 170° (iii) 75° (ii) 120°
(iii) 160°
3. For each red angle :– (i) estimate its size (then)

(ii) use a protractor to find the size of each angle.
a b c
d e f
g h i
j k l

Drawing Angles
Drawing
ExampleAngles
:– To draw ∠ABC = 40°
Step 1 time.
: Start with a line with a dot at one end •
Take your
Draw the angle neatly.
PutStep 2 : Put
the letters in the
at crossbar of the protractor on the dot
and line up with the line
the correct points. •
Step 3 : Count round from the zero line to the 40°

mark and mark with a dot
•
A
Step 4 : Join the dots and put in the letters
(middle letter B)
40°
B• C
Exercise 4
1. Draw a 6 centimetre line and put a dot on the end (left side).
Use your protractor to show ∠BFG = 30°. F 6 cm G
2. Use the same method to draw and label these angles :–

a ∠ABC = 50° b ∠PTY = 90° c ∠LMK = 10° d ∠RWT = 20°
e ∠RAT = 100° f ∠WXY = 110° g ∠ACT = 150° h ∠QET = 130°
i ∠YUM = 45° j ∠HJK = 75° k ∠SWA = 15° l ∠BUM = 135°
3. (Harder) Draw and label these angles :–

a ∠ABH = 38° b ∠XTC = 22° c ∠KLM = 49° d ∠STV = 76°
e ∠PIJ = 96° f ∠TRG = 108° g ∠DAZ = 173° h ∠YUK = 123°
i ∠FST = 8° j ∠REW = 111° k ∠JIL = 144° l ∠BAD = 190°
4. Shown is a small sketch of ΔPQR. To draw it accurately, follow these steps :–

Step 1 : Draw the line QR = 6 cm. (Put Q and R on your diagram).
Step 2 : Put your protractor at Q and P
draw an angle of 40°.
Step 3 : Put your protractor at R and
draw an angle of 60°.
40° 60°
Step 4 : Where the lines cross, call this point P.
Q 6 cm R

5. Try making full size accurate drawings of these triangles :–
a b F c I
C
40° 60° 50° 50° 45°

75°
A 8 cm C D E
7 cm G 10 cm H
Calculating Missing Angles
Remember :
A right angle is 90° Two right angles make 180° Four right angles make 360°
(a straight line) (a complete turn).
If we are asked to calculate the size of an angle we do not always need a protractor.
Examples Find the value of ? in each of the following :-
? 100°
? 140°
? 70°
30°
? + 30 = 90 ? + 70 = 180 ? + 100 + 140 = 360
so ? = 60° so ? = 110° so ? = 120°
Exercise 5 H.W
1. Calculate the value of ? in each of the following :-
a b c
? ? ?
70°
30° 45°

d e f
25°
?
? ? 43°
75°
g h i
? 30° ? 140° ?
j k l
50°
? 125° 35°
? ?
m n o
30°
120° 130° ? ? 140°

140°
?
2. Calculate the size of the unknown angle in each of the following :-

a b c
? 27° ? 134° ? 167°
d e f
?
137° ? 157°
119°
199° 133°
112°
?
g h i
39°
139° 89° ? 135°

83°
135° ?
?

Vertically Opposite Angles
Exercise 6 H.W
q
p r
1. Shown are two lines which s
cross at a point.
a Measure angles marked p, q, r and s.
b What do you notice about p and r ?
c What do you notice about q and s ?
f
2. a Measure angles e, f, g and h. g
e
b What do you notice about h
(i) e and g (ii) f and h ?
3. When two lines cross at a point,

what do you think is always true ? ?
about the opposite angles ?
4. Write down the sizes of the angle represented by the letters a, b, c, ... :–
40° a b c
93°
d e f
149° 100° 163°
5. In the diagram shown, one angle is 38°.

Notice that :–
green angle + 38 = 180°.
38°
Write down the value of the :-
a green angle *(Do NOT measure)
b red angle
c blue angle.
6. a Make a sketch of each of the diagrams in Question 4.

b Fill in the sizes of all the angles in your figures.
____END____
“F” and “Z” Angles
Corresponding Angles
Many diagrams like the one
shown have parallel lines
that make an F angle.
F angles are usually referred to as
corresponding angles.
Exercise 7
1. Measure the red angles in the diagram above.

What do you notice about the sizes of the red angles ?
2. (Can you see a pair of F angles in this diagram ?)

Measure the red angles in this diagram.
What do you notice about the sizes of
these corresponding angles ?
x
3. What do you think it is always
true about all F angles ? x
4. Write down the sizes of the angles marked a, b and c.
76° 68°
b°
a° c°
52°
5. Remember :– and
150°
150° 30°
150°
Using the above facts and corresponding (F) angles,

COPY the diagrams below and enter all the missing angles :–
a b c 120°
80°
103°

Alternate Angles
Many diagrams like the one
shown have parallel lines
that make a Z angle.
Z angles are usually referred to as
alternate angles.
6. Measure the red angles in the diagram above.

What do you notice about the sizes of the 2 red angles ?
7. (Can you see a Z angle in this diagram ?)

Measure the green angles in this diagram.
What do you notice about the sizes of
these alternate angles ?
x
8. What do you think is true
about all Z angles ? x
9. Write down the sizes of the angles marked a, b and c.
122°
a° 76°
b°
25°
c°
10. Copy the diagrams below and fill in all the angles :–
a b c
122°
130°
33°
d e
65°
85°
110°

Compass Points
The four points of the compass

N Remember :
North, South, East and West NE
360° = 1 full turn
can be extended into an eight
1
point compass rose as shown. W E 180° = turn
2
1
NE stands for North-East etc. 90° = 4
turn
SW S
Exercise 8 N
1. Copy and complete the 8 points of the

compass from the diagram shown.
2. How many degrees are there from :-

a North to East (clockwise) b East to South (clockwise)
c North to West (anti-clockwise) d North to West (clockwise)
e North to North East (clockwise) f North to South East (clockwise)
g East to West (anti-clockwise) h SE to West. (clockwise)
i NW to East (clockwise) j East to NW. (anti-clockwise)
3. a Bill was facing East. He then made a 1 turn clockwise.

4
In which direction is Bill now facing ?
b Jeff was driving South West when he came to a roundabout.
He then turned his car through 180° clockwise.
In which direction was Jeff then driving ?
c A jet fighter was flying South East.
The jet then turned through 90° clockwise.
In which direction did the jet end up travelling ?
d The gun turret of a tank faces SW.
How many degrees would the turret
have to turn to face :-
(i) North (clockwise) (ii) East (anti-clockwise)
(iii) East (clockwise) (iv) South (clockwise) ?
e An orienteer was travelling Northwest.
He turned 90° anticlockwise and moved on.
He then turned 135° clockwise.
In which direction was he finally facing ?

f Zak was facing South-East.
He turned clockwise 270°.
He then turned anti-clockwise 45°.
In which direction was Zak then facing.
g A ship is sailing North-West.
The ship turns anti-clockwise
and now faces North-East.
By how many degrees had the
ship turned through ?
h A submarine, facing East, is trying to avoid being tracked.

The captain issues the following orders :-
• Turn anticlockwise 135° for 100 metres.
• Turn clockwise 45° for 50 metres.
• Turn clockwise 225° for 75 metres.
• Turn 180° anticlockwise.
In which direction was the submarine then facing ?
4. A soldier is given the location of

several points of interest.
a In which direction does
the soldier need to travel
to get to :-
N
(i) the tree
(ii) HQ HQ
(iii) the jeep
(iv) the tank ?
b You are standing at HQ.
From there, in which
direction is :-
(i) the huts (ii) the helicopter
(iii) the jeep (iv) the tank ?
c The soldier moves to the helicopter.
He flies to the tree, then to HQ, and finally to the tank.
Describe the soldiers movements using compass points.
d Another helicopter is facing North-East. It then spins 405° (clockwise) out
of control. In which direction is this helicopter now facing ?

Three Figure Bearings
A three figure bearing is an angle which

is always measured from the North in a
clockwise direction and must have “3 figures”.
Examples N N N
30°
135°
This shows a
bearing of 030°.
This shows a
bearing of 135°. This shows a
bearing of 080°.
Exercise 9
1. Write down the 3-figure bearing for each of the following :–
a N Nb cN Nd
40° 50°
East 140°
N N
e N f
N g h
10°
99°
60°
N N N N
i j k l

2. Use a protractor to measure the 3-figure bearing of each angle :-
a N b
N cN d
N
e N f
N g
N h N
N
3. Write down the 3-figure bearing of the following directions :-
a East b West
W E
c North-East d North.
Even if the direction you are dealing with is further round North
than south, you still measure it “clockwise” from the North.
Can you see that Beetown, in this figure, is 40°
further round than south ?
=> it is (40° + 180°) = 220° round from North
Aytown
=> the 3-figure bearing of Beetown from Aytown is 220°.
• Beetown
4. Write down the 3-figure bearing for each of the following :-
a b c d N
N N
N
20°
179°

5. Use a protractor to measure the 3-figure bearing of each town from Aytown :-
a North b North c d North
Deetown North
• •
Ceetown
Aytown Aytown Aytown

Aytown
•
Beetown
Eatown •
• Barton
6. Use a protractor to write North
Jayton
•
down the 3-figure bearing
for each of these towns
from Arton.
•
•
Heaton
Carton
Arton •
Darton
•Geeton
•Earton
Feeton
•
N
7. Mark a point on the page of your jotter and call it A.
Draw a North line from your point.
Show, using a protractor, a bearing of 050°.
A
8. Repeat Question 7 to show each
of the following bearings :-
a 020° b 090° c 120° d 045°
e 190° f 260° g 325° h 005°
9. A soldier leaves his base (A) on a

bearing of 070° to go to hill (B). N
If the soldier leaves hill B

to go back to A, what bearing N
would he have to take ?
(Do NOT measure it). B
070°

Topic in a Nutshell
1. Use a word from “ acute, right, obtuse, straight or reflex” to describe

each type of the red angles below :-
a b c d
e f g h
2. Look at the angle sizes listed below :-

54°, 122°, 90°, 189°, 200°, 4°, 179°, 99°, 40°, 67°, 111°, 180°.
Make lists of angles which are :-
a acute b obtuse c right d straight e reflex.
3. Use 3 letters to name each brown angle :-

a C b G
c d
P
P
C
V H
B K T
A T
L U E
e K f S g E h
B
O
F P J B
A T A
I
4. For each green angle : (i) estimate its size.

(ii) use a protractor to measure the size of the angle.
a b c

d e f
g h i
5. Carefully draw each of the following angles and label them with their letters :-
a ∠ABC = 40° b ∠GXD = 70° c ∠PKT = 100° d ∠TWG = 160°
e ∠TPH = 25° f ∠MNB = 123° g ∠JKL = 190° h ∠DFG = 300°
6. Make a full size accurate drawing of these triangles :-

a b
40° 50° 120° 20°

6 cm 4 cm
7. Calculate the sizes of the coloured angles :-

a b c
27° 40°
60°
d e f
120° 140°
150° 145°

8. Copy each diagram and fill in the sizes of all the angles :- (do NOT measure)
a b c d
160° 50°
60°
100°
9. How many degrees are there from :-

a East to South (clockwise) b East to North (clockwise)
c North to South-West (anti-clockwise) d North-East to West (clockwise) ?
10. a Jane drove her Land Rover North-West.

She then made a quarter turn clockwise.
In which direction was she then driving ?
b A yacht sailing South-West turns 135° anti-clockwise.
In which direction is the yacht now sailing ?
c Later, the yacht was sailing South-East then
turned clockwise and sailed West.
Through how many degrees had the yacht turned ?
11. Write down the 3-figure bearing shown in each diagram :-

a N b N c N d N
50° 65°
112° West
12. Use a protractor to measure the 3-figure bearing of each direction below :-
N
a N b c d N
N
13. Use a protractor to show each of these 3-figure bearings :-

a 040° b 075° c 155° d 300°.

Chapter
Chapter 99
Money
How much is my Money worth ?
The Pound £
a £5 note is worth the same as FIVE pound coins
a £10 note is worth the same as TWO £5 notes
a £20 note is worth the same as TWO £10 notes
Exercise 1
1. How many £1 coins will I get for :-
a two £5 notes b seven £5 notes
c three £10 notes d six £10 notes
e one £5 and three £10 notes f one £5, one £10 and one £20 note ?
2. How many £5 notes will I get for :-

a two £10 notes b one £10 and one £20 note
c four £10 and one £20 note d two £10 and two £20 notes
e three £20 notes f three £10 notes and two £20 notes ?
3. David has these notes and coins in his wallet.

He buys an ink cartridge costing £15·80
for his PC.
Which of these notes and coins make up
the £13·80 ?
4. Sammy buys a box of sweets for £2·69. She hands over a £10 note.
a How much change should she get ?
b Give an example of what notes and coins might make up her change.
5. Jason goes to Hamburger Palace and buys food costing £13·27.

He pays with a £20 note.
a How much change should Jason get ?
b Give an example of what notes and coins he might have in his change.
this is Chapter Nine page 106 MONEY

Add, Subtract, Multiply and Divide using Money
Addition and Subtraction

When you ADD or SUBTRACT money, it is important to line up the decimal points.
Examples Addition £7·85 Subtraction £4·25

+ £1·43 – £1·64
£9·28 £2·61
1
* Your teacher will show

Multiplication and Division you how to subtract.
It is important that you know your multiplication tables.
Examples Multiplication £1·23 Division
£1 · 32
x6 2 1
7 £9 · 24
£7·38
1 1
Exercise 2
a £2·45 b £2·53 c £1·35 d £2·72

+ £1·34 + £3·14 + £3·46 + £4·84
e £12·54 f £14·67 g £ 5·72 h £ 7·67

+ £ 5·68 + £ 3·74 + £13·19 + £11·85
i £5·72 j £4·89 k £6·28 l £8·21

– £1·61 – £2·53 – £3·19 – £6·84
m £15·98 n £17·43 o £12·15 p £19·67

– £ 3·81 – £ 1·28 – £ 6·79 – £ 8·77
q £4·49 r £8·12 s £12·14 t £13·36

+ £9·91 – £1·61 + £ 3·79 – £ 3·37
u £ 1·92 v £14·00 w £14·66 x £20·00

+ £11·66 – £ 1·45 + £ 5·34 – £19·25

2. Set down these additions and subtractions in the same way as question 1
and work out the answers :-
a £4·25 + £3·54 b £6·57 – £1·26 c £13·84 + £1·19

d £17·42 – £6·54 e £10 + £3·42 f £10 – £5·17
g £15 + £4·98 h £15 – £6·98 i £7·56 + £12·34
j £13 – £1·99 k £9·94 + £9·99 l £18·04 – £0·35
3. Copy the following and complete each multiplication :-
a £1·25 b £2·15 c £1·26 d £3·40

x2 x3 x4 x5
e £3·46 f £4·57 g £6·19 h £9·97

x5 x4 x3 x2
i £3·14 j £2·35 k £1·54 l £2·06

x6 x7 x8 x9
4. Copy the following and complete each division :-
a 2 £2·60 b 3 £9·63 c 4 £8·48 d 5 £5·50
e 6 £6·06 f 7 £14·00 g 8 £8·16 h 9 £9·27
i 2 £16·36 j 3 £16·11 k 4 £7·32 l 5 £18·95
m 6 £1·44 n 7 £17·64 o 8 £19·60 p 9 £0·54
5. Write each of these in the forms shown above, then work out the answers :-
a £8·57 x 2 b £19·36 ÷ 2 c £4·17 x 3 d £17·46 ÷ 3

e £18·16 ÷ 4 f £3·81 x 4 g £3·85 ÷ 5 h £13·45 ÷ 5
i £3·17 x 6 j £9·42 ÷ 6 k £0·63 ÷ 7 l £2·95 x 7

ADDITIONAL PRACTICE (if required).
6. Try these additions :-
a £12·50 + £8·40 b £16·75 + £7·55 c £35·90 + £4·60
d £4·50 + £56·85 e £6·85 + £28·90 f £5·65 + £47·80
g £23·48 + £21·40 h £59·58 + £25·50 i £18·80 + £47·97
j £35·16 + £48·48 k £26·64 + £14·46 l £27·25 + £21·74
m £57·67 + £26·47 n £17·48 + £67·67 o £39·31 + £19·99
p £36·59 + £37·16 q £38·34 + £66·46 r £43·98 + £56·02
7. Try these subtractions :-

a £17·50 – £9·20 b £18·25 – £4·55 c £25·90 – £5·90
d £34·25 – £6·45 e £26·10 – £8·90 f £45·65 – £6·65
g £21·48 – £10·47 h £32·27 – £16·90 i £54·62 – £23·81
j £48·65 – £27·88 k £55·47 – £38·57 l £37·87 – £14·98
m £31·84 – £26·07 n £72·24 – £57·32 o £49·31 – £19·99
p £46·46 – £45·38 q £84·01 – £74·32 r £100 – £48·97
8. Try these multiplications :-

a £15·25 x 2 b £29·48 x 2 c £17·35 x 3
d £46·19 x 3 e £15·55 x 4 f £21·18 x 4
g £12·75 x 5 h £19·96 x 5 i £9·45 x 6
j £14·78 x 6 k £6·37 x 7 l £13·45 x 7
m £7·64 x 8 n £12·39 x 8 o £10·58 x 9
p £11·07 x 9 q £2·99 x 10 r £28·30 x 10
9. Try these divisions :-

a £90·50 ÷ 2 b £65·38 ÷ 2 c £73·71 ÷ 3
d £89·82 ÷ 3 e £89·96 ÷ 4 f £79·96 ÷ 4
g £82·25 ÷ 5 h £95·45 ÷ 5 i £88·08 ÷ 6
j £79·56 ÷ 6 k £99·61 ÷ 7 l £44·87 ÷ 7
m £90·24 ÷ 8 n £78·88 ÷ 8 o £46·53 ÷ 9
p £95·22 ÷ 9 q £15·40 ÷ 10 r £72·90 ÷ 10

Mixed Money Problems
This exercise consists of a mixture of money problems.
CALCULATORS may be used here, but all working should be shown.
Exercise 3
1. The local chemist shop puts out a notice to customers in the area,
telling them of the special offers for the week. £4·15
78p
This week’s special offers are shown below.
soap £1·99 toilet

£1·28 roll
58p talcum
£2·95 toothpaste powder
£1·60
£3·50
How much would it cost for :- P
kitchen
O
a a bottle of shampoo and a bar of soap ? towel L
b a duster and a tin of polish ? I
S
c a tube of tooth paste and 2 tooth brushes ? H
d 3 tins of talc and 4 combs ? 28p £3·99
duster
e 5 kitchen towels and 4 toilet rolls ?
2. Sandra looked at her weekly bill from

ANDY’S
Andy’s Newsagent shop.
a Copy the bill and complete it. Newspapers £7·58
b Sandra handed over one £10 note TV Guide £2· 15
and four one pound coins. PC Mag £3·99
How much change did she receive ? total
3. Mr Baxter took his 2 children Go-Karting.

Gordon’s Go-Karts
a How much did it cost to buy 1 adult
(for 10 minutes)
and 2 children’s tickets for a
Adult £7·45 ten minute ride ?
Child £4·85
b How much would they have saved
Parent/Child £15·65 by buying the Parent/Child ticket ?
(1 adult + 2 kids)

4. Sarah goes swimming 5 nights per week. Langbank Baths
a How much does it cost her each week Single Session :-
as a non-member ?
non member £2·64
She decides to join the swimming club member £1·99
which meets nightly at 8p.m. Membership :- FREE !
b How much does it now cost her

to swim the 5 times per week ?
c How much does she save per week
by joining the club ?
5. The table below shows how much money four young children raised for charity
by holding a sponsored stay-awake sleepover.
Sponsors Joe Jan Dawn Dave

Neighbours £4·20 £2·00 £2·94 £7·82
Friends £5·00 £6·20 £1·30 £2·80
Family £8·57 £8·75 £14·38 £7·10
Others £0·89 £3·17 £1·67
a How much did each of the children raise individually ?

b Who raised the most and who raised the least ?
c By how much was the highest total larger than the second highest total ?
d Compare how much the children got in total from their families with how
much they got from “others”.
6. The total cost for 6 men to go on a chairlift

to the top of a mountain was £18·84.
What was the cost for one man ?
7. It costs £1·95 for a PC games magazine and

£2·98 for a Playzone games magazine.
a How much will it cost altogether for
3 PC and 4 Playzone games magazines ?
b What change will you get back
from £20 ?
8. Adam’s the Butchers, have lamb chops on special offer.

A pack of 6 costs £19·68 and a pack of 4 costs £13·16.
Which is the better deal ?
(Explain your answer with working).

9. Copy and complete the following bills and say what change is left from
£20 in each case :-
a £ b £
2 kg of Mince at £2·85 / kg 5 kg carrots at £0·54 / kg
2 kg Beef Ham at £3·15 / kg 3 kg potatoes at £0·75 / kg
1 kg of Sirloin Steak at £7·50 / kg 1 /2 a pumpkin (price for 1 : £1·40)
total total
c d
£ £
500 g of washers at £0·64/100 g 3 pkts photo paper at £2·89 each
600 g bolts at £2·15/100g 7 boxes of markers at £1·28 each
4 light bulbs at 88p each 9 pkts post-it notes at 13p each
total total
10. I bought a calculator, a pen and a novelty pencil case from

the corner shop and the bill came to £17·12. I remembered
that the calculator was £6·75 and the pen was £2·99.
What must the pencil case have cost me ?
11. The bill for 4 of us in Burger House,

including drinks, came to £19·12.
Since it was my birthday, I paid for the
drinks (£3·56) and the rest of the bill
was split evenly between the four of us.
a What did it cost each of my friends
for their food only ?
b What did it cost ME for my meal and
the drinks at Burger House ?
12. Lemon Fresh washing conditioner comes in 2 sizes,

as shown opposite. Lemon
Lemon
The small one (300 g) costs £4·44. Fresh
Fresh
The larger one (500 g) costs £6·65.
300 g 500 g
By calculating the cost of 100 grams of conditioner
for each size of box, say which is the better deal.

13. I bought 8 Christmas decorations on the
Internet for a total of £14·36 plus £2·66
for postage and packing.
I saw the same decorations on the QVC
channel priced £2·19 each plus £1·80 for
postage and packing.
How much had I saved altogether by buying the decorations on the Internet ?
14. Lyle and his sister work at Govan Market on a Saturday morning.
He gets paid £0·29 less per hour than his sister.
If they both work for 4 hours and his sister gets paid a total of £18·24,
how much does Lyle get paid for his shift ?
15. I bought a pair of matching candlesticks at an auction for a total of £14·92.

My wife didn’t like them ! So, I sold one of them for £7·99 and the second one,
because it was rusty, for £2·55.
How much did I lose in this deal ?
16. Two chicken suppers and a sausage supper cost me £11·98.

If the sausage supper was priced at £2·40, what was the
price of a chicken supper ?
17. The bill for 2 lemon teas and 3 rounds of sandwiches

at the Beneagles Hotel came to £18·70 !
If the price of 1 lemon tea was £1·58, how much must
each round of sandwiches have cost me ?
18. Seven friends went for breakfast before work.

If the total bill had been shared amongst
the 7 of them, each would have had to
pay £2·94. Because Freddie left before
the bill arrived, the others had to split the bill 6 ways.
How much did each of them then have to pay ?
19. Gordon borrowed a sum of money from his friend Tony.

He paid him back the entire amount (eventually).
He paid Tony £2·55 the first week and followed this
with 9 payments of £1·45 each.
How much must Gordon have borrowed from Tony ?

Topic in a Nutshell
1. Rockie buys a pair of boxing gloves costing £14·25.

He pays with a £20 note.
a How much change should Rockie get ?
b Give an example of what notes and coins he might have in his change.
2. Work out the answers to these :–

a £5·29 + £3·72 b £8·36 – £1·64 c £1·83 x 5 d £4·35 ÷ 3
e £12·57 + £6·98 f £19·05 – £11·08 g £2·37 x 8 h £13·93 ÷ 7
3. Hannah is out at the ice-cream van.

She buys one large cone at £1·45, one packet of
chewing gum at 46p and eight 1 penny chews.
What change will Hannah get from a £5 note ?
4. Norah goes out with £20 in her purse.

She buys two fashion magazines in the newsagent’s at £4·75 each.
a How much change will Norah get from her £20 ?
She now goes for a half-hour session on a sunbed where
the cost is £3·95 for 10 minutes.
b How much will this cost Norah ?
c When she goes to pay for her time on the sunbed she finds
that she does not have enough money ! How much is she short ?
5. The total cost for 9 men to go for

a game of crown bowls was £13·95.
By working out the cost for one man,
calculate how much it will cost old
Mr Bryant and his 3 cronies who
intend to go bowling tomorrow.
6. Frank’s Fruit Store are running a special promotion on melons..........

£5·76 for six OR £7·52 for eight
a By working out the cost of 1 melon in each deal, find which
deal is cheaper.
b Melanie buys two lots of 8 melons and hands Frank a £20 note.
How much change should she get ?

Chapter
Chapter 10
10 Two
Dimensions
2D Work
Exercise 1
1. Name the following shapes :–
e
a b d f g
c
2. Identify the (2 Dimensional) mathematical shapes in the following figures :–

a b c d
e f g h
3. A polygon is a mathematical name for a shape with “many sides”.

By many, we usually mean more than 4.
a Copy or trace this shape.
b Write the name of this polygon shape beneath
your drawing.
c How many edges does it have ?
d How many angles does it have ?
4. This polygon has 6 edges.

a How many angles does it have ?
b Copy or trace this polygon.
c Write down the special name of this polygon
beneath your drawing.
this is Chapter Ten page 115 TWO DIMENSIONS

5. a Make a tracing of each of the following polygons :–
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
b Try to find the special names for each of these polygons and write
their names down under each shape.
6. A four-sided polygon, (though we don’t refer to it as a polygon), is called a

quadrilateral (4-sided figure).
a What is the special name for this quadrilateral ?
b What do you call the special type of angle at
each corner of this shape ?
c Copy, trace or draw a similar quadrilateral to this one
and draw in all of its diagonals (see definition below).
Definition :– a diagonal is a line joining one corner of the shape to any

other corner that is not directly next to the 1st corner.
d How many diagonals does a square have ?
7. Copy or trace the pentagon shown opposite.

a From each of the 5 corners, draw in COPY
all the diagonals of the pentagon.
b How many diagonals does a pentagon have ?
8. Copy or trace the hexagon shown opposite.

a From each of the 6 corners, draw in
COPY all the diagonals of the hexagon.
b How many diagonals does a hexagon have ?
9. Use your drawings in Question 5 to find how

many diagonals each of the other polygons have.

10. This shape consists of 1 square and 2 triangles.
Describe each of the following in the same way :–
a b c
d e f
g h i
11. a Neatly, design some shapes consisting of squares, rectangles, triangles,

circles, pentagons, hexagons, etc.
b Draw your best shapes onto white cardboard, colour them and make
a wall display.

Special Triangles
Side Properties :– There are 3 types of triangles based on their side lengths.
All sides Two sides the All 3 sides
different lengths same length the same length
Scalene Isosceles Equilateral
Exercise 2
1. a Trace or make a neat copy of this triangle into your jotter.

b Copy and complete :–
“A triangle which has all 3 sides different
in length is called a ............ triangle”.
2. a Trace or make a neat copy of this

triangle into your jotter.
“A triangle which has 2 of its sides equal
in length is called a ........... triangle”.
3. a Trace or make a neat copy of this triangle into your jotter.

“A triangle which has all 3 sides the same
length is called a ............ triangle”.
4. State which type of triangle each of the following is :–

a b c d
e f g h

5 cm
The PERIMETER of a shape is the
total distance around its outside. 3 cm
6 cm
Perimeter = 3 cm + 4 cm + 6 cm + 5 cm = 18 cm.
4 cm
5. Calculate the perimeter of each of the following triangles :–

a 6 cm b c
15 cm 10 cm
14 cm 11 cm
8 cm
d 10 cm e 3·6 cm f
55 mm
6 cm 8 cm 2·1 cm
125 mm
8m
g h i 15·6 cm
4·3 cm 6·5 m 9·5 m

27·8 cm
6. In each of the following triangles, the perimeter is given.

Calculate the lengths of the missing sides :–
a b c
11 cm 9 cm 12 cm 10 cm
?
? ?
14 cm
?
d e f
?
16 cm 7 cm

Angle Properties :– Triangles can be described in 3 different ways
dependent on their angle sizes.
Revision :– Types of Angles
acute right obtuse reflex

New :– Types of Triangles
All angles are One angle is One angle is
smaller than 90° equal to 90° bigger than 90°
acute angled triangle right angled triangle obtuse angled triangle
Exercise 3
1. State whether each of the following is an acute angled, right angled or

obtuse angled triangle :–
a b c
d e f
C
2. Naming triangles using 3 letters.
The vertices (corners) of this
triangle are A, B and C.
It is called triangle ABC (or ΔABC for short)
A B
Name each of the following triangles (Capital letters) :–
a G b F c M
Q
K
E T L I
d e N f S
V
R L P
D
H J

We can describe a triangle as follows :–
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

naming it using describing it as :– followed by :–
3 letters (i) acute-angled (i) isosceles triangle
(ii) right-angled (ii) equilateral triangle
(iii) obtuse-angled (iii) scalene triangle
Example :– Triangle PFT is an obtuse

angled isosceles triangle.
F T
D
3. Describe this triangle in the same way :– M
“Δ........... is a ............ angled ............ triangle”.
X G
4. Describe this triangle in the same way :–

P
“Δ........... is an ............ angled ............ triangle”.
5. Describe each of the following triangles in the same way :–

a b c H
W R
G
F D
M S E
d e f Q
C
S J
Z N B V N

Tilings using 2-D Shapes
If you can cover a flat surface without any gaps using one type of shape
we say that :–
“the shape TILES the surface”.
Shown above are some examples of shapes which tile.
Exercise 4
1. a Draw this square tile measuring 2 boxes

by 2 boxes and colour or lightly shade it.
b By completely surrounding the shape with
similar squares, show that the square tiles.
2. a Copy this 3 by 5 rectangular shape.

b Surround it with similar rectangles
to show that the rectangle tiles.
3. a Copy this isosceles triangle and

colour or lightly shade it.
b Completely surround the shape with similar
triangles to show that it tiles the plane.
4. Show clearly how this kite shape will tile

the surface.
5. Show clearly how this shape will

tile the surface.
(Do you know the name of this shape ?)

6. Decide which of the following shapes will tile.
For those that do, show how they do so by surrounding the given tile.
a b c
d e f
g h i
7. a Trace or copy this T-shape onto

a small piece of card and cut it
out carefully.
b Show how to tile the surface by using
the T-shape as a template to cover
a piece of paper with the shape.
8. a Trace or copy this S-shape onto

out carefully.
this S-shape as a template to cover
9. a Trace or copy this shape onto

out carefully.
the shape as a template to cover

Circular Shapes
Naming Parts of a Circle

The brown dot represents the centre of the circle.
The blue line from one edge to the other, through the
centre is called a diameter of the circle.
The small green line from the centre to the edge is called
the radius of the circle.
The curved bit (the perimeter) is called the circumference.
Note :- Diameter = 2 x Radius
Exercise 5
1. Use a pair of compasses to draw a

circle with a radius of 3 centimetres.
a Mark a dot to show its centre.
b Draw a diameter in your figure
and write “diameter” beside it.
•
c Draw a radius in your figure and
and write “radius” beside your line.
d In your figure write the word “circumference”
beside the actual circumference.
2. This is a sketch of a circle whose diameter is 16 cm.

What must the length of its radius be ?
• 16 cm
3. The radius of a circle is 23 millimetres.

What must the length of its diameter be ?
4. Look at this semi-circle.

a Use a ruler to measure its diameter.
b Write down what size its radius must be.
5. a Use a pair of compasses to draw a semi-circle with a radius of 6 cm.

b On your figure, measure and show what length its diameter must be.

6. Shown is a sketch of 3 touching circles
surrounded by a rectangular box.
The radius of each circle is 7 cm.
Calculate what the length and breadth
of the box must be. (do not use a ruler)
7. The length of the shape below is 50 cm.
a What must the height of the shape be ?

b What must the length of the radius of each circle be ?
8. This shape has four identical semi-

circles on top of a rectangle.
a Calculate the length of the 5 cm
diameter of one circle.
b What must the radius be ? 24 cm
c Now calculate the height of the shape.

P
9. Use your compasses to create this flower pattern :-
•
Start by drawing a circle with radius 4 cm. • •
Next, put your compass point on any point (P) on the •
circumference, and with radius still 4 cm, “step” round
the circle moving from one point to the next. • •
Carefully colour your design and display the best ones. •
10. Here are 2 more designs
created in almost the same way.
Draw each of them using a
fixed radius of 5 cm.
11. Try to create your own

circular or semi-circular
designs.
Make a display of the most
imaginative and well drawn designs.

Rotating Shapes - Patterns
Instead of sliding a tile to create a pattern

as in Page 122, we can rotate it instead.
Can you see that :-
• the brown shape has been spun (or
rotated) by 90° about the black dot to
form the blue shape, •
• the blue shape was then rotated by 90°
to form the green shape and
• the green shape was finally spun by 90°
to form the red shape.
Exercise 6
1. a Trace (or copy) this triangular shape onto a small

piece of stiff card, mark a dot on it as shown and
carefully cut it out.
•
b Draw round your “template” onto your jotter.
By putting a pin (or compass point) through
the red dot, spin your triangle by 90°
(approx) and draw round it again.
•
c Repeat twice more to create this “windmill”.
2. Try doing the same with each of the following “tiles” :-

a b c d
• • •
•
3. Sometimes nice patterns can be formed by rotating
the shape by 120°, 60°, 45° or other angles.
Copy this shape onto card and try rotating it by 45°
each time to create a symmetrical pattern.
4. Now do a few of your own (bigger) and make a display •

of the nicest, most imaginative designs.

Topic in a Nutshell
1. Write down the special names for each of

these two polygons. a b
2. Name all the mathematical shapes you

can see in the following figure.
3. Calculate the perimeter of each

of the following 2 triangles :-
30 mm
a b
17 cm
10 cm
18 mm
15 cm
4. Describe each of these triangles by right angled scalene triangle

acute angled isosceles triangle
using an expression from both lists.
obtuse angled equilateral triangle
a b c
5. Copy the following shape onto squared paper.

Show that the shape tiles by completely
surrounding the shape with identical tiles.
6. 18 cm The diameter of a circle is 18 centimetres.

Write down the length of its radius.
10 m
7. This shape consists of a rectangle

measuring 8 metres by 10 metres,
98mm
with a semi-circle on its end.
Calculate the length of the shape.
(Do NOT measure it with a ruler) ?m

Chapter
Chapter 11
11 Fractions
Identifying Fractions
Fractions
A fraction consists of 2 parts :-
the NUMERATOR tells you the number or “how many” of the thirds
2 (in this case 2).
3 the DENOMINATOR tells you the type of
fraction you are dealing with (thirds here).
Examples :–
This shape shows This shape shows
•
3 out of 4 equal 3 out of 5 equal
parts are green. parts are pink.
3 3
of this shape is green. of this shape is pink.
4 5
2
of this shape is not pink.
5
Exercise 1
1. For each of the following, write the fraction that is shaded green :-
a b c d e
f g h i j
k l m n o
2. For each shape in question 1, write the fraction that is not shaded green.
this is Chapter Eleven page 128 FRACTIONS

The picture shows 15 animals.
(Can you see that 2 out of the 15 animals are cats, so 2 are cats ? )
15
3. Write down what fraction of the animals are :-

a dogs ( ? ) b cows c pigs d elephants ?
15
4. a Use a ruler to draw this rectangle measuring

6 boxes by 2 boxes. Shade in any 7 boxes.
7
(Can you see that of the rectangle is shaded ?)
12
5
b Draw the same box again. This time shade or colour in of the shape.
12
1
c Draw the same box again. This time shade or colour in of the shape.
6
(Hint : for every 6 equal parts shade in 1 part)

1
d Draw the same box again. This time shade or colour in of the shape.
4
3
e Draw the same box again. This time shade or colour in of the shape.
4
(Hint : for every 4 equal parts shade in 3 parts)

f Draw the same box again. This time shade or colour in 2 of the shape.
3
6
g Draw the same box again. This time shade or colour in of the shape.
12
1
h Draw the same box again. This time shade or colour in of the shape.
2
i What do you notice about the answers g and h ?

Equivalent Fractions
Two fractions might look different because they have different numerators and
different denominators but they might still represent the same number.
Look at the these diagrams representing fractions :-
fig. 1 fig. 2 fig. 3
2 4 8
coloured coloured coloured
4 8 16
1 1 2 4 8
In each shape has been coloured. This means = = = .
2 2 4 8 16
These are called equivalent fractions.
Exercise 2
1. Copy the following and write down underneath each figure what fraction is shaded.
1 ? ? ? ? ?
2 ? 15 6 ? 9
1 1 ?
a From the pictures you can see another fraction equal to . ( = )
2 2 ?
1 ?
b The second and last diagrams show that is the same as .
3 ?
?
c The third and the fifth diagram shows that is the same as ? .
15 ?
1
It is possible to find a fraction equivalent to by simply “multiplying the
€ € € € 4
numerator and the denominator by any number” :-
1
=> becomes 1 x5
= 5 numerator x 5
4 4 x5 20 denominator x 5
2. a Multiply the top and the bottom of 1 by 2 to create a new fraction. What is it ?
4
1
b Multiply the top and the bottom of by 3 to create a new fraction. What is it ?
4

3
3. a Multiply the top and the bottom of 4 by 2 to create a new fraction. What is it ?
3
b Multiply the top and the bottom of by 3 to create a new fraction. What is it ?
4
3
c Find at least 4 more fractions equivalent to .
4
4. Multiply the top and bottom of each fraction by 3 to

create a new fraction equivalent to the one given :-
1 3 4 3 7 13
a b c d e f
2 5 7 8 10 20
5. Repeat question 4, but multiply the top and bottom of each fraction by 4.
6. Multiply the top and bottom of each fraction by a number of your own choice
to create a new fraction equivalent to the one given :-
2 3 2 5 3 11
a b c d e f
3 7 9 8 10 20
We can SIMPLIFY fractions ( like 12 ) by “dividing” top and bottom by a number.

15
12
becomes 12 ÷3 4
=> = (This cannot be simplified any further).
15 15 ÷ 3 5
7. Divide the top line and bottom line of each fraction by 3, to simplify each one :-
3 3 12 15 9 27
a b c d e f
6 9 15 27 33 30
€ € €
8. Divide the top line and bottom line of each fraction by 4, to simplify each one :-
4 8 12 24 32 24
a b c d e f
12 20 28 28 44 60
9. For each of the following fractions, divide the numerator and the denominator
by a number to simplify the fraction :-
€ € €
12 ÷ 4 4 3 6 7 10
a b c d e f
16 ÷4 6 18 18 21 30
10 9 14 10 15 16
g h i j k l
18 27 35 35 55 18
50 5 11 8 20 44
m n o p q r
100 100 33 14 60 64
€ € €
Fractions of a quantity
1 1 1
To find of something, To find To find
3 4 5
you divide by 3. divide by 4 divide by 5.
Examples :-
1 1 1
Find: a 3 of 15 b 4 of 28 c 5 of 20
a b c
15 ÷ 3 28 ÷ 4 20 ÷ 5
= 5 = 7 = 4
Exercise 3
1. Find :-
1 1 1
a of 12 b of 16 c of 15
3 4 5
1 1 1
d of 32 e of 27 f of 45
4 3 5
1 1 1
g of 60 h of 48 i of 39
5 4 3
1 1 1
j 2 of 40 k 6 of 18 l 2 of 7
2. Find :-
1 1 1
a of 42 b of 42 c of 40
6 7 8
1 1 1
d of 72 e of 84 f of 77
9 6 7
1 1 1
g 9
of 36 h 8
of 800 i 10
of 300
3. a There are 40 people on a bus.

1
of them are children.
2
How many children are on the bus ?

b There were 30 drinks served at a bar.
1
of the drinks were cocktails.
6
How many of the drinks were cocktails ?
c Brenda baked 24 muffins.

1
of the muffins had currants.
4
How many muffins contained currants ?
d There were 50 pencils in a jar.

1
of the pencils needed sharpening.
5
How many pencils needed sharpening ?
e The cat and dog home has 48 animals.

1
of the animals were dogs.
8
(i) How many dogs were at the home ?
(ii) How many cats were at the home ?
1
f There are 30 apples in a box. of the apples are green.
3
(i) How many apples are green ?
(ii) How many apples are not green ?
4. a Of the twenty seven babies born yesterday in a

busy hospital, a third of the babies were boys.
How many baby boys were born at the hospital yesterday ?
b One seventh of the thirty five children in a group are girls.

(i) How many girls are in the group ?
(ii) How many boys are in the group ?
5. There are 24 pets in the pet shop.

A third of the pets are kittens
A quarter of the pets are puppies.
A sixth of the pets are rabbits.
An eighth of the pets are snakes.
The rest are birds.
Find, the number of :-
a kittens b puppies c rabbits
d snakes e birds f animals with 4 legs ?

Harder fractions
3
To find of a number (like 20), you do it using 2 steps.
4
1 1
Step 1 :- Find of 20 first (÷ 4) => of 20 = 20 ÷ 4 = 5
4 4
3 3
Step 2 :- Now find of 20 by (x 3) => 4
of 20 = 5 x 3 = 15
4
Set the working down as follows :-

3
of 16 => (16 ÷ 4) => 4 x 3 = 12
4 Rule :–
2
of 35 => (35 ÷ 5) => 7 x 2 = 14 To multiply by a fraction like 3
5 4
3 => “divide by the denominator” (4)

of 42 => (42 ÷ 7) => 6 x 3 = 18
7 => then “multiply by the numerator” (3)
Exercise 4
1. Without using a calculator do the following :-

2
a of 21 = (21 ÷ 3) => 7 x 2 = ...
3
3
b 5
of 40 = (40 ÷ ...) => ... x 3 = ...
2 3 4
c of 24 d of 28 e of 45
3 4 5
2 2 5
f of 49 g of 55 h of 56
7 5 8
4 7 9
i of 63 j of 80 k of 120
9 10 10
5 2 9
l 6
of 48 m 15
of 30 n 20
of 60.
2. a A small aeroplane carried 36 passengers.

2
of the passengers were asleep.
3
How many passengers were asleep ?
b A cafe served 45 customers in an hour.

Three fifths of the customers ordered tea.
How many customers did not order tea ?

Topic in a Nutshell
1. For each shape, say what fraction has been shaded :–

a b c
2. For each shape in question 1, write down the fraction not shaded.
3. Copy and complete :-

1
a = ? b 3
= 15 c 7
= 21
2 6 4 ? ? 27
4. Write down two fractions equivalent to :–
a 1 b 2 c 7
4 5 8
5. Write each of these fractions in their simplest form :–

5 9
a b c 24
10 27 36
6. Find :–
1 1 1
a of 22 b of 21 c of 28
2 3 4
1 1 1
d of 42 e of 48 f of 36
7 8 12
7. Shirley had saved £36 for her day out.

She spent half her money on food and
a third of her money on presents.
a How much money did she spend on food ?
b How much money did she spend on presents ?
c How much money did she have left ?
8. Find :-
2 3 5
a of 24 b of 28 c of 56
3 4 8

Chapter 12 Coordinates
The Coordinates of a Point
The position of an object or point can be described by using a coordinate grid system.
The position of a point is given by stating which two lines the point is on.
You need to remember the following:-
• you always start at O, go ALONG first, then UP

• always put BRACKETS round the two numbers
• always put a COMMA between the two numbers.
Example :- y
To find the coordinates of point H :- 5
Start at O, 4
go 4 boxes ALONG,
3
then go 2 boxes UP.
H
2 x
“H is the point (4,2)”
or
1
“the coordinates are given as H(4,2)”
O 1 2 3 4 5 x
Notes :- the point O(0,0) is called the ORIGIN.

the “ALONG” black line is called the x-axis.
the “UP” black line is called the y-axis.
Exercise 1
y
Bx
1. Five places in a town are shown 5
in the coordinate grid. Vx
4
Write down the coordinates of :- Sx
3
a the church C.
C
b the butcher’s shop B. 2 x
c the supermarket S.
1
d the football ground F. F
x
e the video shop V. O 1 2 3 4 5 x
this is Chapter Twelve page 136 COORDINATES

2. Write down the capital letter representing y
each point and put its coordinates next to it. 10
E
9x xG
For example :- 8 xI
7 xA
A (2,7). 6
5
4 xD xB
3 xH
2 xF
1
Cx
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
3. a Which point has coordinates :-

y
Tx (i) (5, 10) (ii) (0, 1)
10
9
Kx Lx (iii) (4, 2) (iv) (8, 5) ?
8
Sx
7 b Write down the coordinates of :-
6
Nx Mx (i) K (ii) S
5
4 (iii) N (iv) U.
Rx
3
Qx
2
P c When four of the points are joined
1x a rectangle is formed.
Ux
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x (i) Which four points ?
(ii) Write down their coordinates.
4. Now its your turn to plot points.
a Draw up a coordinate grid like the one in question 3 on squared paper.
Make the horizontal and vertical axes both go up from 0 to 10.
b Mark with a small neat cross the position of the following points :-
E(7, 2), F(3, 0), G(1, 8), H(9, 1), I(5, 5), J(4, 10),
K(7, 4), L(3, 5), M(10, 10), N(7, 8), R(8, 9), S(1, 2).
c Join point G to point N; join point N to point E; join point E to point S.
Now join point S to point G.
d What shape have you formed ?
5. a Draw a new grid (from 0 to 6 in each axis).

b Mark with a dot the following six points :–
1 1
P(2, 1) Q(4, 1) R(5, 2 2 ) S(4, 4) T(2, 4) U(1, 2 2 )
c When the six points are joined, what shape is formed ?

More about the x-axis and the y-axis
Remember :- y
• the grid used is called a coordinate grid. 5
S(2,4)
• the point O(0,0) is called the origin. 4 x
This is where the x-axis meets the y-axis.
the y-axis
3
• the horizontal axis (the “along” axis)
is called the x-axis. 2
• the vertical axis (the “up” axis) 1

is called the y-axis.
O 1 2 3 4 5 x
origin the x-axis
RULE :- go ALONG the x-axis first, then go UP the y-axis.
Exercise 2
1. Look at the coordinate grid. y

Each time you mention a point, say what 5 xB
object is at that point.
G
a Which point has an x-coordinate of 4 ? 4 x
xC
b Which point has a y-coordinate of 5 ? Ax
3
c What is the x-coordinate of A ?
d What is the y-coordinate of F ? 2 xE
e Which point has its x-coordinate F

1 x
the same as its y-coordinate ?
f Which point lies on the x-axis ? D
O x
1 2 3 4 5 x
g Which point lies on the y-axis ?
h Which 2 points have the same y-coordinate ?
Write down their coordinates.
i Which 2 points have the same x-coordinate ?
Write down their coordinates.
j From D to E is “1 along and 2 up”.
Which other two points have the same rule to get from one to the other ?

2. Look at this coordinate grid.
y
a What are the coordinates of Q ? 10
xR P
b Which point has coordinates (7, 9) ? 9 x
8 xW
c Which point has the same y-coordinate Q
7 xK x xN
as U ?
6
d Which point has the same x-coordinate
5
as P ?
4 xS xV
e 3 points have the same y-coordinate. Ux
3 xT
Name them and write down their
coordinates. 2 xL
M
1 x
f Which point lies on the y-axis ?
g Which point has the same x and
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
y-coordinate ?
h Is the y-axis known as the horizontal axis or the vertical axis ?
3. Draw up a 5 by 5 coordinate grid as shown.

y
a Plot the points A(1, 1), B(1, 5) 5
and C(5, 5).
b D is a point to be put on the grid 4
so that figure ABCD is a square.
3
On your diagram plot the point D
and write down its coordinates. COPY
2
c Join A to C and join B to D.
You now have the two diagonals of
the square. 1
Write down the coordinates of the

point where the two diagonals meet. O 1 2 3 4 5 x
4. Draw up another 5 by 5 coordinate grid as shown above.

a Plot the points P(5, 2), Q(1,2) and R(1, 4).
b S is a point to be put on the grid so that figure PQRS is a rectangle.
On your diagram plot the point S and write down its coordinates.
c Join P to R and join Q to S.
You now have the two diagonals of the rectangle.
Write down the coordinates of the point where the two diagonals meet.

5. You will need to draw 5 more coordinate grids. (Make each of them 5 by 5).
On separate grids :-
• plot each set of points.
• join each of them up in the correct order.
• write below each one, the name of the shape you have formed.
a Join R(1, 0) to S(1, 5) to T(4, 5) to U(4, 0), back to R.

b Join K(3, 3) to L(3, 5) to M(5, 5) to N(5, 3), back to K.
c Join A(2, 4) to B(3, 2) to C(2, 0) to D(1, 2), back to A.
d Join E(4, 4) to F(2, 0) to G(0, 4) to H(2, 5), back to E.
e Join H(2, 1) to I(1, 2) to J(2, 3) to K(4, 3) to L(5, 2) to M(4, 1), back to H.
You should have found a diamond, a hexagon, a rectangle, a kite and a square -
but not in that order !
(Do you know the mathematical name for a diamond ?)
Coordinates for fun
Exercise 3
Pictures can be drawn using coordinates. Make a coordinate grid for each picture
(you are guided as to what size). Plot the points in order and join them up as you
move from one point to the next.
1. Highest x-coordinate 15. Highest y-coordinate 16.

(5, 2) (5, 12) (3, 12) (9, 16) (15, 12) (13, 12) (13, 2) (5, 2) Stop.
(6, 8) (6, 10) (8, 10) (8, 8) (6, 8) Stop.
(10, 8) (10, 10) (12, 10) (12, 8) (10, 8) Stop.
(7, 13) (7, 14) (11, 14) (11, 13) (7, 13) Stop.
(8, 2) (8, 5) (10, 5) (10, 2) Stop.

(3, 5) (3, 2) (8, 2) (14, 5) (14, 8) (8, 5) (3, 5) (9, 8) (14, 8) Stop.
(8, 2) (8, 5) Stop.

(3, 2) (3, 10) (16, 10) (16, 2) (3, 2) Stop.
(4, 3) (4, 9) (15, 9) (15, 3) (4, 3) Stop.
(5, 4) (5, 8) Stop. (6, 8) (6, 4) (8, 4) (8, 6) (6, 6) Stop.
(9, 8) (11, 8) (11, 6) (9, 6) (9, 4) (11, 4) Stop.
(12, 4) (12, 8) (14, 8) (14, 4) (12, 4) Stop.

(7, 15) (6, 13) (5, 13) (4, 12) (4, 11) (5, 10) (6, 10) (5, 7) (6, 6) (8, 7)
(8, 9) (6, 10) Stop.
(6, 6) (7, 4) (9, 3) (12, 3) (16, 7) (16, 8) (17, 8) (18, 9) (19, 11) (18, 14)
(17, 15) (15, 14) Stop.
(18, 12) (17, 14) (16, 13) (16, 10) (17, 11) (17, 13) (16, 13) Stop.
(8, 17) (7, 15) (8, 16) (9, 15) Stop.
(8, 12) (9, 14) (8, 15) (7, 14) (7, 13) (8, 13) (8, 14) (7, 14) Stop.
(12, 3) (16, 4) (20, 6) (22, 6) (21, 7) (23, 6) (21, 8) (24, 9) (22, 9) (25, 10)
(22, 10) (25, 12) (20, 11) (25, 15) (22, 14) (23, 18) (20, 16) (20, 19) (19, 17)
(19, 21) (18, 18) (17, 22) (15, 19) (15, 22) (14, 19) (13, 22) (12, 18) (11, 21)
(10, 18) (9, 20) (9, 18) (7, 20) (8, 17) Stop.
(8, 17) (13, 14) (15, 14) Stop.

(5, 12) (5, 11) (6, 9) (5, 7) (5, 6) (7, 3) (5, 2) (9, 2) (9, 3) (10, 6) (13, 9) (12, 6)
(12 ,5) (14, 3) (12, 2) (16, 2) (16, 6) (19, 9) (19, 11) (17, 15) (13, 21) (18, 24)
(19, 23) (20, 24) (19, 24) (19, 25) (22, 26) (19, 26) (12, 24) (8, 21) (7, 22·5)
(7, 14) (6, 15) (6, 11) (5, 12) Stop.
(7, 22·5) (6, 24) (11, 25) (12, 25) (12, 24) Stop.
(6, 24) (5, 24) (6, 22) (6, 24) Stop.
(7, 22·5) (7, 22) (6, 22) (6, 15) Stop.
(6, 22) (3, 14) (5, 12) Stop.
(3·5, 15) (2, 15) (2, 18) (3, 21) (2, 23) (4, 25) (4, 24) (3, 23) (4, 22) (4, 23)
(5, 22) (4, 21) (5·5, 20) Stop.
(11, 25) (11, 27) (12, 27) (13, 28) (13, 29) (12, 30) (11, 30) (7, 29) (7, 28)
(4, 28) (6, 24) Stop.
(5, 28) (5, 26) Stop.
(5·5, 25) (7, 25) (8, 26) Stop.
(7, 29) (8, 29) (8, 28) (7, 28) Stop.
(11, 30) (11, 29) (12, 30) (11, 28) Stop.
(7, 29) (6, 29) (5, 30) (7, 30) (11, 31) (12, 32) (12, 30) Stop.
(7, 30) (6, 31) (11, 32) (11, 31) Stop.

Topic in a Nutshell
1. a Which point has coordinates :-

y
(i) (9, 3) (ii) (2, 0) J F
10 x x
R
(iii) (5, 8) (iv) (3, 10) ? 9x B
8 x
b Write down the coordinates of :- 7
6 S W
(i) L (ii) R
5 x x
(iii) F (iv) W. 4
3 xD
c When 4 of the points are joined 2 xL
a square is formed. 1 P
O x
(i) Which 4 points ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
(ii) Write down their coordinates.
d Which point lies :- (i) on the x-axis ? (ii) on the y-axis ?
e Name any 2 points with :- (i) the same x-coordinate

(ii) the same y-coordinate.
f Which point has its x-coordinate the same as its y-coordinate ?
2. Draw up a 5 by 5 coordinate grid as shown below.
a Plot the points E(2, 0), F(3, 0) and G(3, 5).

y
5 b H is a point to be put on the grid so that
figure EFGH is a rectangle.
4
On your diagram plot the point H
3 and write down its coordinates.
COPY
2 c Join E to G and join F to H.
You now have the two diagonals of the
1
square.
Put a dot where the two diagonals
O 1 2 3 4 5 x
meet and write down the coordinates of
this point. (bit harder)

Chapter 13 Percentages
Percentages
When a shape is divided into 100 “bits”,

each bit is called “1 percent”.
We use the symbol “ % ” for percent.
This square has 38 bits out of 100 green.
This is written as 38%.
There are 9 bits out of a hundred red.

This is written as 9%.
38 9
38% means = 38 ÷ 100 = 0·38 9% means = 9 ÷ 100 = 0·09
100 100
Exercise 1
1. Each of these squares has been divided into 100 bits.

Write down each colour as a percentage :-
a b c
Green : 50% Green : ...%

Red : ...% Red : ...%
d e f
this is Chapter Thirteen page 143 PERCENTAGES

2. a Write down what each
coloured section is as
a percentage of the
rectangle.
b Add your 3 answers
together.
(Did you get 100%) ?
3. a For the shape below, write down the percentage of :–

(i) red (ii) green.
b What percentage is not coloured ?

c Without counting the white squares, explain how could you answer part b ?
(Hint : use part “a” answers).
4. Write each of the following as a fraction :-

47
a 23% b 49% c 60% Remember : 47% means
100
d 14% e 99% f 17%
g 66% h 8% i 3% j 4% k 1% l 100%
5. Write each of the following as a decimal :-

a 31% b 59% c 77% Remember : 53% means 0·53
d 11% e 18% f 99%

g 9% h 8% i 3% j 4% k 1% l 100%
6. Write each of the following as

a fraction and as a decimal :- 19% means 19
= 19 ÷ 100 = 0·19
100
a 12% b 33% c 50%
d 25% e 10% f 19% g 68% h 40% i 13%
j 2% k 5% l 6% m 1% n 3% o 100%
7. Write each fraction or decimal as a percentage :

a 19 b 79 c 8 d 0·89 e 0·41 f 0·08
100 100 100
g 0·62 h 1 i 0·01 j 93 k 0·5 l 10

100 100 200

Linking Fractions, Decimals & Percentages
19
Remember :– = 19 ÷ 100 = 0·19 = 19%.
100
We can change any fraction into a decimal then into a percentage.

Examples
Change each of the following fractions into decimals then into a percentage :–
3 3
a 50
= 3 ÷ 50 = 0·06 = 6% b 4
= 3 ÷ 4 = 0·75 = 75%
Exercise 2
1. Copy and complete each of the following :-

7 8
a = 7 ÷ 25 = 0·.... = .....% b = 8 ÷ ... = 0· .... = ...%
25 10
3 18
c = ... ÷ ... = 0·... = ....% d = ... ÷ ... = 0·... = ....%
5 40
2. Change each of the fractions shown to a decimal then to a percentage :-
a 12 b 6 c 4 d 56 e 87 f 14
60 40 5 200 150 140
You must be careful with answers like 0·1. (This is NOT 1%).
The “1” is in the tenths column so 0·1 = 10%.
3. Carefully, change each of these fractions to percentages :-

1 7 12 22 9 222
a b c d e f
5 35 20 110 30 5550
60
4. Bobby scored in a Maths test.
80
Change his score to a percentage.
69 56
5. Jay scored 92
in her English test, in her French test
70
39
and in her History test.
50
a Change each mark to a percentage.
b In which subject did she score the highest test mark ?
c In which subject did she score the lowest test mark ?

Common percentages
Some percentages are used frequently.
50 1 25 1 10 1
50% = = 25% = = 10% = =
100 2 100 4 100 10
Examples
a Find 50% of £20 b Find 25% of 32 kg c Find 10% of 50 ml
1 1 1
= of £20 = of 32 kg = of 50 ml
2 4 10
= £10 = 8 kg = 5 ml
Exercise 3
1. Copy and complete the following :-

a Find 50% of £60 b Find 25% of 24p c Find 10% of 90 cm
1 1 1
= of £60 = of 24p = of 90 cm
2 4 10
= ....... = ...... = ......
2. Calculate each of the following :-

a 50% of £26 b 50% of 56 km c 50% of 124 mm
d 25% of $8 e 25% of 48 ml f 25% of 800 m
g 10% of 600 m h 10% of 200 ml i 10% of 100 cm
j 50% of £900 k 10% of 800 mm l 25% of 64p
m 50% of £15 n 25% of £10 o 10% of £13
3. a Harry had £30. He gave 50% of this money to charity.

How much did Harry give to charity ?
b Jackie weighed 80 kilograms.
She went on a diet and lost 25% of her weight.
How many kilograms did she lose ?
c Fred weighed 90 kg. He only lost 10% of his weight.
How much weight did Fred lose ?
4. The sale sign read 10% off.

a How much would be taken off a book costing £12 ? 10% OFF
b How much would it now cost for the book ?
Topic in a Nutshell
1. Write down each colour as a percentage of each shape :-

a b c
2. Write each of the following as a fraction :-

a 55% b 21% c 80% d 17% e 9% f 1%
3. Write each of the following as a decimal :-

a 41% b 58% c 11% d 8% e 1% f 100%
4. Write each of the following as a fraction and as a decimal :-

a 18% b 44% c 3% d 10% e 25% f 50%
5. Write each fraction or decimal as a percentage :–
22 71 7
a b 0·67 c d 0·06 e f 0·5
100 100 100
6. Find :-
a 50% of £80 b 25% of 28 kg c 10% of 304 cm
7. a Donald lost 25% of his £5 pocket money.

How much has Donald lost ?
b Chelsea used 10% of her perfume in one night.
If she had 220 millilitres at the start of the
night, how much perfume had she used ?

Chapter 14 Length & Area
Measuring & Drawing Lengths
Centimetres & Millimetres on a Ruler

P Q
cm
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Each centimetre (cm) is split into equal parts called millimetres (mm).
1 cm = 10 mm.
The length of the line PQ in the ruler above is 8·7 cm or 87 mm or 8 cm 7 mm.
Exercise 1
1. Use your ruler to measure the length of these lines in centimetres. (e.g. 2·4 cm)
a b
c d
e f
2. Measure each dimension of these toy animals in millimetres.

a b
c d e
this is Chapter Fourteen page 148 LENGTH & AREA

3. For the following :-
(i) Measure each line and write down its length in millimetres.
(ii) List the lines in order of length, longest first.
B
a A b
c d D
C
E
e f F
4. a Measure the four sides of this shape in centimetres.

b Calculate the difference between the longest and the shortest side.
5. Measure the diameters of these circular shapes in millimetres.

a b c
*note - this shape has 3

different sized circles
6. How many millimetres is the green line shorter than the blue line ?

7. Measure each line and write down its length in :-
(i) millimetres.
example :- 27 mm = 2·7 cm = 2 cm 7 mm
(ii) centimetres.
(iii) centimetres and millimetres.
a b
c d
8. Some children are wearing badges (shown below) because it is their friend’s birthday.
(i) Write down an estimate of each measurement asked for, in centimetres.
(ii) Now use your ruler to measure the length, in centimetres.
(iii) Compare your answers to (i) and (ii). Were you far out ?
a The diameter of this circle. b A side of this square.
c The length of a diagonal of this rectangle.
9. Use your ruler to draw :-

a a line of length 25 mm. b a line of length 78 mm.
c a line of length 3·5 cm. d a line of length 8·2 cm.
e a square of side 45 mm. f a rectangle measuring 4·5 cm by 5·5 cm.
10. Look at your drawings for e and f in question 9. Measure and write down :-
a the length of the 2 diagonals of your square, in millimetres.
What do you notice ?
b the length of the 2 diagonals of your rectangle, in centimetres.
What do you notice ?

Units of Length
kilometre
There are 4 units of length millimetre
used in the METRIC system. metre centimetre
The metre This is the standard unit

of length - it is about the
distance from the ground
1 metre
to the handle of a door in
your house.
The centimetre This is the metre divided into 100 parts.

1 cm
About the width of your pinky nail.
1 metre
The millimetre This is the centimetre divided into 10 parts. 1 cm
About the width of a pin.
The kilometre This is equal to 1000 metres.
Exercise 2
1. How many :-
a metres are there in 1 kilometre ?
b centimetres are there in 1 metre ?
c millimetres are there in 1 centimetre ?
d millimetres are there in 1 metre ?
e centimetres are there in 1 kilometre ?
f millimetres are there in 1 kilometre ?
2. Since 1 cm = 10 mm, how many millimetres are there in :-

a 6 cm b 2 cm c 15 cm d half a centimetre
e 4 cm 2 mm f 8 cm 7 mm g 12 cm 9 mm h 5 cm 5 mm
i 1·5 cm j 9·2 cm k 18·9 cm l 21·3 cm ?

3. Since 10 mm = 1 cm, how many centimetres are equal to :-
a 40 mm b 70 mm c 90 mm d 130 mm
e 35 mm f 49 mm g 200 mm h 700 mm
i 650 mm j 2000 mm k 3 mm l 7 mm ?
4. As 1 m = 100 cm, how many centimetres are there in :-

a 3m b 9m c 14 m d half a metre
e 25 m f 49 m g 200 m h quarter of a metre
i 4 m 50 cm j 7·05 m k 0·5 m l 0·01 m ?
5. Remember, 100 cm = 1 m. How many metres are there in :-

a 400 cm b 700 cm c 1500 cm d 4000 cm
e 440 cm f 950 cm g 50 cm h 25 cm ?
6. 1 km = 1000 m. Write down how many metres there are in :-

a 3 km b 12 km c 25 km d half a kilometre
e 5 12 km f 2 km 750 m g 9 km 800 m h 1 km 70 m
i 5·2 km j 12·6 km k 2·25 km l 0·8 km.
7. 1000 m = 1 km. Write down how many kilometres there are in :-

a 5000 m b 18 000 m c 300 m d 7500 m
e 18 400 m f 4250 m g 2150 m h 6950 m
i 350 m j 780 m k 12 400 m l 300 000 m.
8. Put these four lengths in order, smallest first :-

6 cm 5 mm 6·2 cm 63 mm 6 cm
9. Put these four lengths in order, largest first :-

8 m 90 cm 8·8 m 870 cm 9m
10. Jamie measured the length of his sleigh. It was 1200 mm.
What was its length in :– (i) centimetres (ii) metres ?
11. A ball of string is 2500 cm long. How long is this in metres ?
12. The distance round a running track is 400 metres.

A race consisted of 12 and a half laps of the track.
a How long was the race in metres ?
b How long was it in kilometres ?

Problems involving Length
Exercise 3
1. Young Sidney placed some tins of sweets on top of each other.

The tins were 25 mm, 38 mm, 47 mm and 50 mm in height.
a How high did the four tins reach ?
b Write this height in centimetres.
2. Ben had a licorice stick 8 cm long. He bit off 25 mm from one end.
a Change 8 cm to mm.
b Now write down the length of licorice stick which was left (in mm).
3. A hot piece of metal was 6·7 cm long. When it cooled its length decreased by 4 mm.
What length was the cooled piece of metal (in cm) ?
4. Alice is making a daisy chain with daisies all 35 mm long.

She uses 8 daisies in her chain.
What is the full length of her chain, in centimetres ?
5. A pile of six DVD’s is stacked in their cases.

The total thickness of the pile is 15 cm.
If each of the cases are the same size, find how thick one
DVD case is, in millimetres.
6. Sonya came 2nd in the 100 metre race. A video “close-up” showed that
she had run 98·5 metres when the winner had crossed the line.
How many centimetres was Sonya behind the winner ?
7. A coin is 2·4 cm in diameter. I place 100 of these coins in a straight line.

How far does the line of coins stretch, in metres ?
8. Paula is running in the 6 km race.

She has already covered 4500 metres.
How many kilometres has Paula still to run ?
9. Professor Jolly is off on holiday.

320 km by train, 45 km by ferry and 9·2 km by taxi - but now he’s lost !
Before he set off, he had looked up the details of his journey on the
Internet..... 375 km from home to the holiday hotel !
How many metres is he now standing from his hotel ?

Perimeter
The Perimeter of a shape is :-

5·5 cm
“the total distance around its outside”. 4·8 cm
Example :–
Perimeter = (5·5 + 5·1 + 7·2 + 4·8) cm
5·1 cm
= 22·6 cm 7·2 cm
Exercise 4
9 cm
1. Calculate the perimeter of this triangle. 13 cm
15 cm
2. Calculate the perimeter of each of the following shapes :-

a b c
10 cm 12 mm 3·4 m
3·8 m
14 cm
20 mm
2·8 m
15 mm
7 cm 3m
5 cm 3·2 m
16 mm
3. Calculate the perimeter of this rectangle.

(note - the answer is NOT 31 cm) 11 cm
20 cm
4. Calculate the perimeter of each of these rectangles and squares :-

a 4 cm b c 42 mm d
5·5 cm 8·7 m
7 cm 4·4 m
2·1 cm

5. This triangle has a perimeter of 68 cm.
12 cm ? cm
Calculate the length of the missing side.
(12 cm + 36 cm + ? cm = 68 cm)
36 cm
6. Calculate the length of the missing side in these shapes :-

75 mm
a b 8·1 cm c
9 cm
9·4 cm ? mm
10 cm 62 mm
9·3 cm
68 mm
? cm ? cm
perimeter = 30 cm perimeter = 40 cm perimeter = 242 mm
7. Calculate the size of the missing side in the following rectangles :-

a b c ? m
? mm
? cm 140 mm
30 cm
4·5 m
perimeter = 76 cm perimeter = 600 mm perimeter = 11 m
8. The diagram shows the floor of Jonathan’s playroom.

a Find the perimeter of the floor.
b How much will it cost to surround it with 3m
new skirting board costing £3 per metre ?
(The door is 0·7 metres wide). 4·6 m
9. Farmer Giles has a rectangular field.

He surrounds it with 3 strands of
barbed wire.
Barbed wire costs 50p per metre.
55 m 80 m
Calculate the total cost of the wire.

Area
The AREA of a shape can be defined as :-

1 cm 1 cm2
“the amount of space it takes up”
1 cm
If you think of a box 1 cm by 1 cm, we say it has an area of :- 1 square centimetre

2
(or 1 cm for short).
(Note :– 1 cm2 reads as “1 square centimetre”)
Exercise 5
1. a How many boxes (1 centimetre by 1 centimetre) are shown here ?
b Write down the area as :- Area = ? cm2.
2
2. Write down the areas (using cm ) of each of the following shapes :–
a b c
d e f
g h i
cm2
1
= 2

j k
3. Estimate the areas of these shapes as follows :–

1 2
If more than 2 a box is covered —> count it as 1 cm
1
If less than 2 a box is covered —> do not count it at all.
a b
DO NOT DO NOT
MARK THIS MARK THIS
SHAPE SHAPE
c d
DO NOT
MARK THIS
SHAPE

The Area of a Rectangle
In the previous exercise, we found out how to calculate the area of a rectangle
by counting boxes. We now find the area of this shape by the use of a FORMULA.
The rectangle shown measures 4 centimetres by 2 centimetres.
a Calculate its area (in cm2 ) by counting all the boxes.
2 cm
Do you agree......... 8 boxes, (cm2 ) ?
4 cm
b Now write down the answer you get when you multiply
its length by its breadth :-
=> 4 cm x 2 cm (do you get the same answer ?)
Another way to calculate the AREA of a RECTANGLE is as follows :–
Area = Length x Breadth

breadth (B)
or A = L x B for short.
length (L)
It is VERY important that you Example :–
learn how to use the formula, A =LxB 2 cm
A = L x B =3x2
when calculating the area of a rectangle. 3 cm
= 6 cm2
Exercise 6
1. a Draw a rectangle 4 centimetres long by 3 centimetres wide.

b Divide the rectangle neatly into 1 cm square boxes and count the boxes
to find the area of the rectangle.
c Use the formula A = L x B (with L = 4, B = 3) to calculate the area and
check your answer is the same as that obtained in part b.
2. Here is a sketch of a rectangle.

Use the formula
4 cm
A = Lx B
to calculate its area (in cm2 ).
10 cm

3. Calculate the area of each of the following rectangles.
(In each case, make a small “sketch” of the rectangle, write down the rule
A = L x B and calculate the area in cm2).
4 cm
a b c 6 cm
This is
5 cm
9 cm
a
SQUARE
7 cm
d e f
2 cm
5·5 cm
10 cm 5 cm
12 cm
2·5 cm
4. Larger rectangles such as floors, playgrounds & fields have their areas measured
in square metres (m2).
Calculate the area of each of Farmer Giles’ 3 fields in m2.

25 m
a b c
20 m 40 m
54 m
35 m 62 m
3m 4m
5. This plan shows the ground floor 2m Bathroom

4m 4m
of a bungalow. Kitchen Bedroom 2
Calculate the area of each of the

6 rooms in m2. Bedroom 1 3m
Area (living room) = L x B Living

8m
=5mx8m Room
Dining
= ....... m2. 5m
Room
5m 6m

The Area of a Right Angled Triangle
To calculate the area of a Right Angled Triangle :-
Step 1 – Look at the surrounding rectangle

=> Area = 3 x 6 = 18 cm2.
Step 2 – Halve your answer => 6 cm

1 2
=> Area = 2
of 18 = 9 cm .
3 cm
Exercise 7
1. a Make an accurate drawing of

this right angled triangle.
b Complete the figure by drawing 4 cm
a rectangle around it.
c Calculate the area of the rectangle.
d Now write down the area of the triangle. 5 cm

b Complete the figure by drawing
4 cm
a rectangle surrounding it.
d Write down the area of the triangle.
6 cm

b Complete the figure by drawing 2 cm
a surrounding rectangle.
6 cm
d Now write down the area of the triangle.

b Complete the figure by drawing
the surrounding square.
5 cm
c Calculate the area of the square.
d Now write down the area of the
triangle.
5 cm
8 cm
5. In the same way, find the
area of this triangle.
2 cm
6. Try to imagine a rectangle around each of these right angled triangles and
calculate the area of each triangle.
a b c
d
e
g
h
f
7. Find the total area of each shape :-

a b c

8. Use 1 cm squared paper to draw the following right angled triangles :–
(i) Make an accurate drawing (ii) Draw the surrounding rectangle.
(iii) Find the area of the rectangle. (iv) Calculate the area of the triangle
a
Area (rectangle) = L x B =
5 cm 10 x 5
1 = 50 cm2
2
Area (triangle) = of 50 =
10 cm
b c
4 cm
10 cm
9 cm
11 cm
8 cm
d e
8 cm 12 cm
3 cm
20 cm
f g
1·5 cm
10·5 cm
8 cm
9. This triangle is not right angled !
a Calculate the area of the rectangle.

b What do you think the area of the yellow
triangle will be ? 4 cm
c What does this tell you about finding
the area of ANY triangle ?
5 cm

Topic in a Nutshell
1. With your ruler, measure the length of these lines, in centimetres.

a b
2. Write down the lengths of the following lines in :-

(i) millimetres (ii) centimetres (iii) centimetres and millimetres.
a b
3. Use your ruler to draw a line 105 millimetres long.
4. Change :-
a 4 m to cm b 20 cm to mm c 2·3 km to m d 7000 m to km
e 250 cm to m f 80 mm to cm g 4500 m to km h 4 m 30 cm to cm
5. Danny saws 40 cm off a piece of a 2 metre garden bench.

2 cm
What length of wood (in cm) remains ?
4·7 cm
1·6 cm
6. Calculate the perimeter of this shape :-
2·4 cm
5·1 cm
7. Find the areas of the figures shown below.
Each small square stands for 1 cm2 in area.
a b
c d e

Chapter
Chapter 15
15 Patterns
Revision Work
Basic “Patterns”:-
Mathematicians like to look for rules for patterns in drawings and sets of numbers.
This helps them decide how to continue the pattern or the set of numbers.
Examples :- A Drawing Pattern -

next drawing
A Letter Pattern :-
next letter
A, C, E, G, I, ......... K
A Number Pattern :-
next number
7, 10, 13, 16, 19, ........ 22
Can you explain how the patterns are formed in the above 3 examples ?
Exercise 1
1. Look at the 3 examples above. Draw, or write down, the next “bit” of the pattern.
2. Show the next 2 drawings in this pattern (neatly).
? ?
3. Show the next two drawings in this pattern :-
? ?
this is Chapter Fifteen page 164 PATTERNS
4. a Draw these 3 patterns on squared paper.
? ?
b Now show the next two drawings in the pattern.
5. a Copy the four drawings below.
????
b Show the next 4 drawings which follow the pattern above.
6. This is a more complicated pattern. Draw the next two patterns.

(Trace the hexagon to help you).
7. a Draw the next 2 designs for this pattern :–
Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3 Pattern 4

b How many small squares are there in pattern (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 3 (iv) 4 ?
c How many small squares will there be in pattern (i) 5 (ii) 6 (iii) 7 (iv) 8 ?

8. Copy each pattern of letters and find the next letter in the pattern.
a B, D, F, H, J, ... b A, D, G, J, M, ...
c Q, P, O, N, M, ... d a, e, i, o, ...
e Z, X, V, T, ... f B, C, D, F, G, H, ...
9. Copy this pattern and continue it for 2 more cycles.
? ?
10. Difficult — Copy this pattern carefully and add 2 more cycles.
??
11. Copy this pattern carefully and add 2 more cycles.
12. Patterns like the one shown in Question 9 often occur in wallpaper.
The patterns repeat themselves.
Design and colour a neat pattern which repeats itself 4 or 5 times.

Patterns with numbers – Sequences (description)
Example 1 :- 3, 6, 9, 12, ... – this is the 3 times table, starting at 3.
Example 2 :- 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ... – starts at 5 and rises by 2 each time.
Example 3 :- 50, 46, 42, 38, 34, ... – starts at 50 and drops by 4 each time.
Exercise 2
1. Very carefully, describe the following pattern of numbers :–

8, 12, 16, 20, 24, ......
Copy :– this is the “....” times table, starting with the number “....”.
2. Describe each of the following sequences using sentences like the one shown
in the examples at the top of the page.
a 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ... b 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, ...
c 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, ... d 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, ...
e 24, 32, 40, 48, ... f 36, 32, 28, 24, 20, ...
3. a Look at the pattern in Question 2a :– 5, 10, 15, 20, 25.

Write down the next 3 numbers in this pattern.
b Write down the next 3 terms in the pattern shown in Question 2b.
c Write down the next 3 terms in the pattern shown in Question 2c.
d Write down the next 3 terms in the pattern shown in Question 2d.
e Write down the next 3 terms in the pattern shown in Question 2e.
f Write down the next 3 terms in the pattern shown in Question 2f.
4. Describe the following sequence of numbers :–

7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, ...
Copy :– “Begin at the number “....” and go up by “....” each time”.
5. Describe each of the following sequences by saying :–

“Begin at the number “....” and go up (down) by “....” each time”.
a 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, ... b 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, ...
c 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, ... d 3, 13, 23, 33, 43, ...
e 62, 67, 72, 77, 82, ... f 6, 6·5, 7, 7·5, 8, ...
g 3, 4 1 , 6, 7 1 , 9, ... h 30, 26, 22, 18, ...
2 2
i 70, 61, 52, 43, ... j 2000, 1900, 1800, 1700, ...
6. a Look back at the pattern in Question 5a :– 3, 5, 7, 9, 11.
Write down the next 3 numbers in this pattern.
b Do the same with the patterns in Questions 5b – j.
Write down the next 3 terms.
7. Look at this pattern made with matches.
1 square 2 squares 3 squares
4 matches 8 matches 12 matches

a Draw the pattern showing the matches needed for 4 squares.
b The pattern for the number of matches needed is 4, 8, 12, 16.
Copy this sequence and fill in the next 3 numbers.
c Copy the following and complete :–
“Start with 4 matches for 1 square and add on ... matches for each extra square”.
d How many matches are needed for 10 squares ?
8. Mrs Jones makes gingerbread men.
1 gingerbread man 2 gingerbread men 3 gingerbread men

(5 smarties) (10 smarties) (.... smarties)
a How many smarties are needed for 4 gingerbread men ?

b Copy the pattern 5, 10, 15 and write down the next 3 terms.
c Copy the following and complete :–
“Start with “....” smarties for 1 gingerbread man and add on
“....” smarties for each extra gingerbread man.
d How many smarties are needed for 9 gingerbread men ?
e If an extra smartie was used on his nose, how many smarties
would be needed for :–
(i) 2 gingerbread men (ii) 3 gingerbread men
(iii) 6 gingerbread men (iv) 10 gingerbread men ?

9. A special pattern – The Fibonacci Sequence. Fibonacci
Look at this sequence :– 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ......

The pattern can be described as follows :–
“Start with any 2 numbers (1 and 1 in the above example).
“the 3rd number is formed by adding the 1st and 2nd numbers (2 = 1 + 1).
“the 4th number is formed by adding the 2nd and 3rd numbers (3 = 1 + 2).
“the 5th number is formed by adding the 3rd and 4th numbers (5 = 2 + 3).
a Find the 6th number = 4th number + 5th number.
b Find the 7th number = 5th number + 6th number.
1
c What is the 8th Fibonacci number ?
1
d Copy the pattern and find the first 12 Fibonacci numbers :–
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ...............
2
3
10. Form your own Fibonacci sequence.
5
a Start with any 2 numbers.
8
b The 3rd number = 1st number + 2nd number.
13
c The 4th number = 2nd number + 3rd number.
d Carry on with your pattern to produce the first 10 terms in the sequence.
11. A new pattern.

Look at this set of numbers :– 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, .....
a It is difficult to see what the next number is. Can you ?
b Can you see that 2 = (1 x 2), 6 = (2 x 3), 12 = (3 x 4).
Write 20 = (4 x ...), 30 = (5 x ...), 42 = (... x ...).
c Find the 7th number in the pattern.
d Find the first 10 numbers in the sequence.
12. Another new pattern.

A boy was creating a
pattern using building blocks.
a Draw the 4 patterns of blocks neatly and draw the next 2 patterns (5 and 6).
b Look at this pattern in the table. 1=1
Can you see the connection ? 3=1+2
6=1+2+3
Write down the next
10 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
pattern in the same way.
c Write down the 6th, 7th and 8th patterns in a similar way.

13. Look at this pattern :–
1, (1 + 3), (1 + 3 + 5), (1 + 3 + 5 + 7), (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9), ....
a What do you call numbers like :–
(i) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ... (ii) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, ... ?
b The pattern 1, (1 + 3), (1 + 3 + 5), .. is made up by adding odd numbers together.
Write the next 4 terms in the pattern.
c Write down the actual values of each term :–
1 = 1, (1 + 3) = 4, (1 + 3 + 5) = 9, ....
d This set of numbers 1, 4, 9, 16, ... is a special set.
Can you see that :– 1 = (1 x 1), 4 = (2 x 2), 9 = (3 x 3), ...
Write the other numbers like this 16 = (... x ...), 25 = (... x ...), ...
e These numbers have a special name. Do you know what it is ?
f How many small squares are there in each of these squares ?
1
4
....
....
....
....
Can you now see why these numbers 1, 4, 9, 16, ... are called square numbers ?
14. A Puzzle :–
a How many squares are there in this figure ?
(not 4)
b How many squares are there in this figure ?

(not 9 and not 10)
c How many squares are there in each of

these figures ?
(i) (ii)
d Try to find how many squares are in a chess board.

Topic in a Nutshell
1. a Neatly, copy the first 3 drawings in this pattern.
......
b Draw the 4th pattern.

2. a Very carefully, describe the following pattern :– 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, ...
b Write the next 3 terms in the pattern.
3. a Describe this pattern in a similar way :– 80, 76, 72, 68, ...
b Write the next 3 numbers in the pattern.
4. Describe each of the following pattern of numbers carefully and write down
the next 3 numbers each time :–
a 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, ... b 1, 17, 33, 49, 65, ...
c 51, 46, 41, 36, ... d 5·3, 7·0, 7·7, 9·4, 11·1, ...
5. Find the next 4 letters in this pattern. (think carefully !!)
, , , , , , , , , ,...
6. A boy is building a pattern with rectangular wooden building bricks.
Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3 Pattern 4

Bricks 3 Bricks ... Bricks ... Bricks ...
a Draw (neatly) pattern number 5 and count the number of bricks.

b Copy and complete this table :–
Pattern no. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Bricks needed 3 ... ... ... ... ...
c Describe carefully how the pattern is formed.

d Use the description to find how many bricks are needed for pattern 10.

Chapter
Chapter 16
16 Three
Dimensions
Squares, Triangles, Circles are examples Cubes, Cones, Spheres are examples
of 2-Dimensional (or 2-D) shapes. of 3-Dimensional (or 3-D) shapes.
They can be drawn on a flat surface They are SOLID shapes and can only be
like your jotter. roughly sketched on a flat surface.
Exercise 1
1. Name the following mathematical shapes :–

a b c d
e f g
2. Name the following 3-dimensional (mathematical) shapes :–

a b c d
e f g h
this is Chapter Sixteen page 172 THREE DIMENSIONS

3. Look at this 3-dimensional shape — the CUBE. S R
a How many faces does it have ? P Q
b What shape is each of its faces ?
D
c How many vertices (corners) does it have ? C
d How many edges does it have ? A B
e Look at the edge, AB. CUBE
Is the edge AB lying “horizontal” or “vertical” ?
(find out what horizontal and vertical mean).
f DC is parallel to AB [ runs in the same direction].
(i) Use 2 letters to name another side which is parallel to AB.
(ii) Name a 4th side which is parallel to AB.
g Name 3 sides which are parallel to side BC.
h Name 3 sides which are parallel to side AP. (Is AP vertical or horizontal ?)
i Make a list of approximately 6 objects in school or at home that are cubes.
4. The CUBOID.
a How many faces does it have ? V T
b What shape is each face ? R
S
c How many vertices does it have ?
H G
d How many edges does it have ?
e Name 3 edges parallel to edge EF. E F
f Name 3 edges parallel to edge ER.
g Name the other set of 4 parallel edges.
h Make a list of approximately 6 objects in school or at home that are cuboids.
5. The SQUARE BASED PYRAMID. V

a How many faces does it have ?
“The shape has 1 face which is a s..............
and 4 faces which are t...........”.
c How many vertices does it have ? P N
d How many edges does it have ?
e Make a list of about 3 or 4 objects L M
in school or elsewhere that are in the shape
of square based pyramids.

6. The TRIANGULAR PRISM. Q
a How many faces does it have ? C
P
“It has 2 faces which are ..............
and ............. faces which are ...........”. R
A
c How many vertices does it have ?
B
d Name another edge (use 2 letters) parallel to AB.
e Name 2 edges parallel to CQ.
f How many edges does it have altogether ?
g Make a list of about 2 or 3 objects in school or elsewhere that are
in the shape of triangular prisms.
The SPHERE has only one face (or surface) and it is curved.
7. In a similar way, describe the faces (or surfaces) of :-

SPHERE
a b
CONE CYLINDER
8. Write down the special name for this shape ?
9. Which mathematical shapes can you see here :-

a b

Some Practical Work — Making Skeletons
The skeleton of a 3-D Shape consists

of the “bones” of the shape.
8 cm
It is the “wire frame” that shows
the outline of a shape.
Can you see that, to make the skeleton 10 cm

of this cuboid, we would need 12 straws ? 16 cm
Four pieces measuring 16 cm. cuboid

Four pieces measuring 10 cm.
Four pieces measuring 8 cm.
Total length of straw = (4 x 16) + (4 x 10) + (4 x 8)
= 64 + 40 + 32
= 136 cm.
Exercise 2
For this exercise, you are going to need lots of pieces of A4 plain paper
rolled into tubes, scissors and sellotape. (You may wish to work in groups).
1. a Roll up some of your paper, sellotape

them and cut them so you have :– 8 cm
four pieces of 16 cm, four pieces of 10 cm

and four pieces each 8 cm.
10 cm
b Use sellotape or blue tack to join the corners. 16 cm
Display the best skeleton cuboids.
2. Make skeleton models of each of the following shapes as neatly as possible.

(You may wish to work in groups – see your teacher).
a b
18 cm
15 cm
10 cm 15 cm
Cube Square Based Pyramid

c c
Triangular Prism
15 cm
20 cm
10 cm
3. a Look at your cube in Question 2a.

What is the TOTAL length of straw needed to make this cube ?
b What is the TOTAL length of straw needed to make the
square based pyramid in Question 2b ?
c What is the TOTAL length of straw needed to make the
triangular prism in Question 2c ?
4. Use your straws to make this model barn-house.
10 cm
12 cm
25 cm
15 cm
5. 15 cm 15 cm Make a model of this clock tower.
20 cm
10 cm 10 cm

Nets of Cubes and Cuboids
A cardboard box is made from a flat 2D-Shape NET

which folds to make the box. 6 cm
This is called the NET of the cuboid. 4 cm
BOX 3 cm
3 cm
4 cm
3 cm
3 cm
3 cm
4 cm
6 cm
Exercise 3
8 cm
1. Shown opposite is the net of this box.

4 cm
3 cm 3 cm
4 cm
Make a sketch of the box and fill in the
dimensions (length, breadth and height) 3 cm 3 cm
of the box using the net to help.
2. Make sketches of the boxes corresponding to these nets and fill in the dimensions :–
a b 4 cm
6 cm 4 cm
6 cm
6 cm 15 cm
6 cm
6 cm
6 cm 4 cm
4 cm
11 cm
6 cm
2 cm 3 cm 2 cm
3. Part of the net of this
2 cm
cuboid is shown opposite.
3 cm
6 cm
6 cm
a Make a neat full size copy of this NET.

b Complete the net showing all the faces.

4. Part of the net of this cuboid is shown below.
3 cm
4 cm
2 cm
4 cm
3 cm 2 cm
Copy and complete the net showing all 6 faces.
5. Shown below are 2 faces of the net of a cube.
3 cm
3 cm
3 cm
3 cm 3 cm
3 cm
Copy and complete the net of the cube.
6. a Draw a possible net of this cuboid 3 cm

on cardboard.
b Cut it out and fold it to form the cuboid. 4 cm
7 cm
7. Make a net of this cube, cut it out

4 cm
and sellotape it to make the cube.
4 cm
4 cm
8. Some of the following are nets of cubes, and some are NOT.
By drawing them and cutting them out, decide which are nets and which are not.
a b c
(*You may wish to make your nets larger)
d e f

Topic in a Nutshell
1. Name the two 3-dimensional shapes in this figure.
2. This shape is called a

PENTAGONAL based PYRAMID.
a How many vertices does it have ?
b How many edges does it have ?
c Copy and complete this sentence :-
“The Pyramid consists of .... faces, one of them
being a ............. and the others are ........ ......s”.
6 cm Y
3. This figure represents the skeleton X
of a small doll’s house. 12 cm
12 cm S
a Name, using 2 letters, an edge
running parallel to BC. R
P
b Name 3 edges the same size
8 cm
as RC. Q
D
c Is the edge SD vertical,
horizontal or neither ? A
C
10 cm 18 cm
d Is the edge XP vertical, B
horizontal or neither ?
e Calculate the total length of straws needed to make the skeleton.
4. Shown is the net of a cuboid. 4 cm
Sketch the cuboid below and fill

in its length, breadth and height. 12 cm
7 cm
5. Draw an accurate net of this cuboid. 2 cm
5 cm
8 cm

Chapter 17 Volume
What is “Volume” ?
Length, Area and Volume

3 cm •
•
Length - is a direct measurement from one point to another.
It is often given in mm, cm, metres or km.
Area - is a measurement of a “covering” of a surface.
For example :– a rectangle, circle, triangle. 2 cm 6 cm2
It is often given in mm2, cm2, m2 or km2.
3 cm
Volume - is a measurement of the space enclosed by a shape.
For example :– a can, a box, a basin, ...
It is often given in mm3, cm3, m3, km3, millilitres or litres.
Exercise 1
1. Which of these holds more water when full ?
Bath Wash-hand Basin
2. Put these shapes in order, starting with the one which holds the least.
Egg Cup Mug of Tea

Deep-fat Frier
3. Which takes up more space - a packet of breakfast cereal or a box of tissues ?
4. Put these shapes in order, starting with the one which takes up the most space.
Truck Motor Bike Car Train
this is Chapter Seventeen page 180 VOLUME

5. Shown below is a recipe for fresh-creme strawberry scones for a party.
20 Strawberries
Half Cup Water
Party Surprise 2 Heaped Tablespoons Butter
Fresh-Creme Cup Milk
4 Teaspoons Sugar
Strawberry Scones
1 Teaspoon Salt
4 Cups Self-raising Flour
The above ingredients makes a batch of 20 scones.

Use the list of ingredients to answer the following questions :-
a How much sugar is used ?
b Which piece of cutlery is used to measure out the butter ?
c What does the recipe use less of - water or milk ?
d The amount shown above will make 20 scones.
If I only want to make 10 scones, how much flour will I need to use ?
e If I only had one teaspoonful of sugar left in the house but still wanted to
make a few scones, according to the recipe - how many could I make ?
f One bottle of milk holds exactly four cupfuls.
What fraction of a bottle was used in the above recipe ?
6. Mick and Elsie make punch in a bowl for their Christmas party.
The bowl holds 30 glasses of punch.
At the party, guests drink 20 glasses of punch.
What fraction of the punch is left after the party ?
7. A large tin of condensed soup holds 6 ladlefuls.

4 ladlefuls of water also has to be added before
Pea the soup is made.
& The Waddell family, consisting of Mr & Mrs Waddell
Ham and their 2 children, have a ladleful each on the
Monday and on the Tuesday.
How much soup is left for Wednesday ?
8. David has to take 2 spoonfuls of cough mixture 4 times per day.

2 spoonfuls
The cough bottle holds 40 spoonfuls of medicine. 4 times per day
How many days will the bottle last David ?

Litres and Millilitres
Examples of Volume
Cup holds 200 ml Spoon holds 5 ml
Jug holds 1 litre 1 litre = 1000 ml

Jug holds 1000 millilitres (ml)
Exercise 2
1. a Sadie’s mum gives her 30 ml of medicine.

How many spoonfuls is this ?
b An elephant gets an injection of 800 ml of medicine.
How many cupfuls is this ?
c How many spoonfuls does one cup hold ?
d How many cupfuls does the jug hold ?
e Jeremy makes 4 jugs of lemonade. How many cups can he fill ?
2. What is the volume of juice, in millilitres, in each bottle ?
a b c d
1 litre 1000 ml 1 litre 1000 ml
1 litre 1000 ml 1 litre 1000 ml
900 900
900 900
800 800
800 800
700 700
700 700
600 600
600 600
500 500
500 500
400 400
400 400
300 300
300 300
200 200
200 200
100 100
100 100
Orange Lime Blackcurrant Lemon
3. a Which bottles contain over half a litre ?

b Which flavour has less than one quarter of a litre in its bottle ?
c How many millilitres of lemon are needed to make it up to 1 litre ?
d How much more lime is there than blackcurrant ?

4. a Look at this beaker with yellow bath salts.
(i) How many ml does each small interval represent ? 300 ml
(ii) How many ml of yellow bath salts are in the beaker ?
b Give the volume (in ml) of the three coloured bath salt
containers shown below. 200 ml
(i) (ii) (iii) 500 ml

600 ml
100 ml
400 ml
400 ml
500 ml
300 ml
5. Write these volumes to the nearest 100 ml :-
a b c d
1000 ml 1000 ml
1L 1000 ml 1L 1000 ml
800 ml
750 ml 800 ml
600 ml 600 ml
500 ml 500 ml
400 ml
400 ml
250 ml 200 ml
Litres and Millilitres.

To change from one to the other we multiply or divide by 1000.
litres —> (x 1000) —> millilitres millilitres —> (÷ 1000) —> litres
Examples :-
5·5 l —> (x 1000) = 5500 ml 2750 ml —> (÷ 1000) = 2·75 l
Exercise 3
1. Change the following number of litres to millilitres :–
a 3 litres b 9 litres c 15 litres d 20 litres
e 1·5 litres f 6·8 litres g 7·4 litres h 5·25 litres
2. Change from millilitres to litres :–
a 4000 ml b 7000 ml c 12 000 ml d 25 000 ml
e 7500 ml f 8200 ml g 40 000 ml h 2850 ml

Volumes by Counting Cubes
The volume of a solid is simply the “amount of space” it takes up.

One Unit of volume is the “cubic centimetre”.
The small cube shown measures 1 cm by 1 cm by 1 cm.
1 cm
3
It has a volume of 1 cubic centimetre. 1 cm
3
1 cm
or for short :– 1 cm 1 cm
Exercise 4
State the volume of each of the following shapes, (in cm3 ).
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.

Topic in a Nutshell
1. Put these shapes in order, starting with the one which has the least volume.
a b c
Tent Champions Trophy Sauce Bottle
2. Baby has to have 2 spoonfuls of syrup mixture 5 times per day.

The bottle holds 140 spoonfuls of syrup.
How many weeks will the bottle last Baby ?
3. A bottle holds 750 ml of liquid, a mug holds 150 ml and a spoon holds only 3 ml.
a John’s mum gives him 15 ml of cod liver oil.
How many spoonfuls is this ?
b How many spoonfuls does the mug hold ?
c How many mugfuls does the bottle hold ?
d Jeremy makes 3 bottles of limeade. How many cups can he fill ?
1 litre 1000 ml
4. What is the volume of liquid, (in millilitres), 900
800
in this bottle of anti-freeze ?
700
600
500
400
300
5. Write down the volume of each shape, in cm3 . 200
100
a b
6. Change,
a to millilitres :- (i) 7 litres (ii) 27 litres (iii) 3·5 litres.
b to litres :- (i) 6000 ml (ii) 80 000 ml (iii) 500 ml.

Chapter
Chapter 18
18 Revision
This set of questions revises every topic of Level D.
1. Put in order, largest first :–

20 105, 19 000, 20 009, 19 780, 21 000, 19 099.
2. Write the following in figures :-

a twenty one thousand and sixty. b sixty five thousand four hundred.
3. Write the following in words :-

a 24 080 b 80 302 c 7005 d 89 057.
4. What does the 8 in the number 48 076 represent ?

48 076
5. a What is the number that is 200 up from 78 900 ?
b What number is 1000 down from 140 000 ?
6. Find the missing values here :–

4 ? 24 ? 14 ?
a = b = c = .
5 30 32 4 20 30
7 2
7. Write down 11 + + as a decimal.
10 100
8. Change the following to decimals :– a 37% b 82% c 7%.
9. Copy this table and complete it :–
centimetres 513 cm ..... .....

metres ..... 4·2 m .....
metres & centimetres ..... ..... 6 m 9 cm
10. a I sold a CD for £6·99 and a video for £11·29 to a customer.

How much change should he receive from £20 ?
b What coins could I give him in his change ?
11. Do the following (mentally) :–

a 64 + 36 b 97 – 35 c 58 + 68 d 91 – 77 ?
e 320 + 540 f 770 – 330 g 67 + 99 h 330 – 190.
this is Chapter Eighteen page 186 REVISION

12. Do the following (set down and show your working) :–
a 5749 b 48·78 c 6000 d 10 – 6·72.
+ 678 – 26·92 – 251

?
a 15 x 8 b 75 ÷ 3 c 360 ÷ 6 d 420 x 3.
a 37 x 10 b 100 x 520 c 603 x 100 d 10 x 0·81 ?
e 43·7 ÷ 10 f 100 x 0·032 g 970 ÷ 100 h 5·9 x 100.
15. Find the following (set down and show your working) :–
a 6·03 b 21·35 c 37·28 ÷ 8 d 1·19 ÷ 7.
x7 x9

a 83 b 699 c 6045 d 23·74.
a 648 b 3663 c 23 677 d 9978.
18. Do the following, (no calculator) :–
1 1 1 1
a of 42 b of 180 c of 2400 d of 9500.
6 3 8 10
19. Do the following, (no calculator) :–

2 3 5 5
a of 60 b of 150 c of 4000 d of 120.
3 5 8 6
30
20. Remember – 30% means . Find the following :–
100
a 30% of 2000 b 20% of 700 c 40% of 6000 d 70% of 200.
21. What are the next three terms in each of the following sequences of numbers ?
a 1, 3, 5, 7, ... b 9, 12, 15, 18, ... c 800, 400, 200, ...
d 3, 6, 12, 24, ... e 7, 10, 13, 16, ... f 70, 66, 62, 58, ...
22. Can you see the pattern here ?

2, 4, 6, 10, 16, 26, 42, 68, ..., ..., ..., ... .
Find the next four terms.
23. If you know the length and the breadth of

a rectangle, describe “in words” what you breadth
do to calculate its perimeter.
length

24. a Measure this line in millimetres.
b Write its length in two other ways.
25. Say which of the following is the best approximation :–

a an apple’s weight – {5 g, 100 g, 750 g, 2 kg}
b height of a door. – {60 cm, 120 cm, 200 cm, 4·1 m}
c volume of water in a teaspoon. – {5 ml, 50 ml, 200 ml, 1·5 litres}
26. Change the following 24 hour times into am/pm form :–

a 0735 b 1350 c 2058 d 0045
27. Change these times to 24 hour format :–

a 4·55 am b 10 to 6 at night c 20 to midnight
1
d 3·20 in the afternoon e past midnight f 12·45 pm
4
28. a A city bus tour begins at 11·30 am

and lasts for 1 hour 40 minutes.
At what time will the tour finish ?
b An astronomy lecture began at 7·45 pm
and finished at 10·05 pm.
For how long did the lecture last ?
29. Calculate the perimeter of the following shapes :–

a b c
6·2 cm
15 cm
square
35 cm
8·8 cm
11·5 cm
3 cm
d e f
4·3 cm 12 cm
11 cm
15 cm 5 cm
3 cm
6 cm
4·3 cm
7 cm
4 cm
4·3 cm 9 cm * (hard)

30. Each box in the following figures represents 1 square centimetre (1 cm2 ).
Write down the area of each shape (in cm2 ).
a b c
31. a Draw this right angled triangle

accurately on squared paper.
(Each box is 1 cm by 1 cm ).
3 cm
b Calculate the area of the
surrounding rectangle.
c Write down the area of the
6 cm
right angled triangle.
32. Calculate the area of each of the following right angled triangles.
(You may like to draw them first).
5 cm
a b
2 cm
4 cm
4 cm

a b c
d e f
34. How many edges has a :–

a cuboid b square based pyramid c triangular prism ?
35. How many vertices has a :–

a cuboid b triangular prism c square based pyramid ?

a b c
37. Make a neat sketch of this circle. Name the :-

a
c
brown circle
green line
b
d
red line
blue line.
•
38. Shown below are nets of solids.
Say which solid could be made from each :–
a b c
d e
39. Copy this compass rose and

fill in the other 6 directions.
SW
40. A scout was walking South West.

He then turned through an angle
of 90° anti-clockwise.
In which direction was he then facing ?
y
x
41. Write down the coordinates of the
Rx P
three points, P, Q and R in the
coordinate diagram shown opposite.
x
O Q x
42. How many lines of symmetry do the
following shapes have ?
a b c d
43. Copy this figure carefully

onto squared paper.
Complete the figure such
that the green line is a
line of symmetry.
44. Copy this figure carefully and find the

other half such that the red line is
a line of symmetry.
45. Use a protractor to measure the

following two angles :–
a P b
L
M N
Q R
46. What type of angle is each of the following (acute, obtuse, .....)
a b c d
47. a Draw a line PQ = 8 centimetres.

b Use a protractor to show ∠RPQ = 65°. P Q
48. Use a protractor to draw the following angles. (Label them with the given letters).
a ∠ATG = 47° b ∠REN = 136°.

49. Shown are a group of islands, Ardlui,
Bromley, Cruiker and Dopley.
North
a Measure and write down the
•
3 figure bearing of Bromley Bromley
from Ardlui.
•
b Measure and write down the
ARDLUI
3 figure bearing of Cruiker
from Ardlui.
c Measure and write down the
3 figure bearing of Dopley
from Ardlui. •
Dopley • Cruiker
50. The table shows the money 4 boys earned

by picking potatoes for Farmer Giles.
Name Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
a How much did Terry earn
Billy £8 £7 £10 £3 £12
on the Thursday ?
Sean £14 £6 - £3 £9
b How much did farmer Giles pay Terry £6 £6 £6 £5 £9
the boys altogether on Tuesday ? Alex £14 £11 £7 £4 £2
c One boy hurt his back and had to rest
for a day. Which boy and on which day ?
d Who earned the most money for his week’s work ?
51. A group of children were asked which day of the week they were born on.
The results of the survey are shown below.
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wed’day Thursday Friday Saturday

20 13 17 10 15 8 5
Draw a neat labelled bar graph to represent the above results.
52. The pie chart shows which radio

station a group of 12 year old pupils
listened to most often. Clyde 1
a What fraction of the 12 year olds
Beat
listened to Beat 106 ?
106
b If 200 of the 12 year old pupils took part
in the survey, how many of them listened to :–
Classic
(i) Clyde 1 ? (ii) Classic FM ? Radio 1
FM

answers to
LEVEL D
Answers Level D page 193

Answers to Chapter 0
1. a. six thousand eight hundred and twenty 3. a. 17000 b. 21000 c. 3600 d. 31000
b. nine thousand and eighty two Answers to Chapter 1 e. 8000 f. 450000 g. 10000 h. 200000
c. five thousand and seven 4. a. 1600 b. 4000 c. 16500 d. 80000
d. nine thousand eight hundred and ninety Ex 1 5. a. 300 b. 7200 c. 10700 d. 20000
eight 1. a. thousands b. hundreds 6. a. 70 b. 500 c. 3010 d. 70000
2. a. 7265 b. 9807 c. 6050 c. tens d. units
3. 6100, 6010, 6001, 5995, 5989, 5898, 5099 2. a. thousands b. tens Ex 5
4. a. tens b. hundreds c. units d. hundreds 1. a. 24 b. 92 c. 77 d. 321
c. thousands d. units 3. a. three thousand eight hundred and seventy e. 140 f. 380 g. 400 h. 220
5. a. 6420 b. 4950 b. nine thousand and fifty one i. 6000 j. 9900 k. 1000 l. 10550
1 2 c. twelve thousand and forty five m. 8850 n. 6500 o. 7000 p. 12000
6. 2 = 4 d. twenty thousand and forty 2. a. 4 b. 25 c. 71 d. 390
6 4 2 e. one hundred and twenty thousand four e. 900 f. 355 g. 2050 h. 10000
7. a. 8 b. 5 c. 3 hundred and twenty seven 3. a. 70 b. 200 c. 540 d. 350
8. 3·27 f. eight hundred thousand three hundred e. 35 f. 100 g. 10 h. 1
9. £16·80 and fifty 4. a. 7 b. 90 c. 120 d. 1000
10. a. £4·18 b. £6·08 g. seven hundred and two thousand and fifty 5. a. 70 b. 120 c. 1600 d. 10000
11. a. £2·57 b. 4 coins h. nine hundred and nine thousand and 6. a. 7 b. 6000 c. 5 d. 80
c. £2, 50p, 5p, 2p ninety
12. a. 14 b. 43 c. 107 d. 148 4. a. 910 b. 20,050 c. 60,006 Puzzle 3 : 1.000,000 mm
e. 280 f. 410 g. 16 h. 45 d. 100,001 e. 909,000 f. 111,011 Puzzle 4 : a. 17 b. 3
i. 123 j. 330 k. 360 l. 830 g. 1,000,000 Puzzle 5 : 105 km WEST
13. a. 461 b. 442 c. 552 d. 634 5. a. 399,401,406,451,460,499,501,510,603
14. a. 21 b. 32 c. 42 d. 18 b. 7999,8045,8054,8100,8109,8199,8200, Ex 6
e. 36 f. 72 g. 56 h. 48 9001 1. a. 102 b. 108 c. 441 d. 176
i. 35 j. 63 k. 54 l. 70 6. a. 770 b. 1080 c. 880 d. 5090 e. 1008 f. 1470 g. 1040 h. 1728
15. a. 70 b. 90 c. 180 d. 710 e. 999 f. 7700 g. 8000 h. 1250 i. 5008 j. 25333 k. 72036 l. 73104
e. 1200 f. 3170 g. 5000 h. 7090 i. 1200 j. 4330 k. 3100 l. 6100 2. a. 536 b. 588 c. 558 d. 145
16. a. 85 b. 196 c. 552 d. 312 7. A = 67 B = 89 C = 102 D = 18 e. 984 f. 1554 g. 5672 h. 2958
17. a. 60 b. 290 c. 790 d. 500 E = 32 F = 120 G = 230 H = 400 i. 9848 j. 11110 k. 13769 l. 81603
e. 80 f. 120 g. 170 h. 40 I = 520 J = 3500 K = 4750 L = 3000 3. a. £144 b. £144 c. 540 d. 1302
18. 320 + 150 = 470 M = 9000 N = 7000 O = 11500 P = 8550 e. i) 768 ii) 2304
19. a. 21 b. 8 c. 15 d. 32 Q = 8625 R = 5400 S = 6300 T = 345 f. i) 340 ii) 552 iii) 1806
20. a. 15,18,21 b. 25,30,35 c. 32,24,16 U = 357 V = 372 W = 1530 X = 1610 Ex 7
d 19,23,27 e 32,38,44 f 38,35,32 Z = 1690
21. a. 6 b. 15 c. 7 d. – 6 8. a. 28°C b. 15°C c. 72°C d. 80°C 1. a. 5 b. 185 c. 124 d. 65
22. a. 1000 b. 3000 c. 250 d. 1500 9. A = 850 B = 990 C = 1120 D = 9250 e. 1081 f. 2252 g. 1252 h. 996
3 E = 9550 F = 1000 G = 1250 H = 4500 2. a. 12 b. 236 c. 155 d. 89
23. 1·75 l (1 4 ) e. 104 f. 1263 g. 2177 h. 2187
I = 7500 J = 4480 K = 4660 L = 350
24. a. 15 cm2 b 10 cm2 M = 374 N = 404 O = 4300 P = 5000 i. 133 j. 1207 k. 607 l. 689
25. 2m Q = 5900 m. 1134 n. 317 o. 988 p. 1258
26. 10 cm 10. a. 145 b. 1300 c. 5400 d. 2100 3. a. 78 b. 423 c. £379 d. 129
27. a. 9 b. 32 c. 35 d. 260 e. 4800 f. 6090 e. i) 337 ii) 1014
28. a. 25 to 4 in the morning 11. a. 1350 b. 200 4. a. 1 b. 4 c. 2 d. 3
b. 20 to 9 at night 12. 8900 km e. 1 f. 3 g. 6 h. 4
c. quarter to 1 in the morning 13. £500,000 i. 4 j. 3 k. 3 l. 1
29. a. 2 hrs b. 20 mins c. 30 mins d. 45 mins 5. a. 16 b. 7
Ex 2 6. a. 104 b. 3 c. 520
30. a. 15.01.68 b. 22.11.99 c. 07.08.02
31. a 5th July b. 26th November 1. a. 93 b. 111 c. 64 d. 95 Ex 8
32. a. cube b. cuboid c. cone e. 120 f. 133 g. 202 h. 139
i. 450 j. 910 k. 900 l. 1710 1. a. 420 b. 930 c. 480 d. 1920
d. (square based) pyramid
m. 7700 n. 5000 o. 5600 p. 9400 e. 500 f. 3090 g. 3000 h. 2400
e. cylinder f. sphere
2. a. 13 b. 25 c. 19 d. 13 i. 5600 j. 6090 k. 12260 l. 36900
33. a square b. triangle
e. 35 f. 19 g. 63 h. 151 2. a. 13640 b. 43380 c. 45810 d. 19460
c. circle d. rectangle
i. 70 j. 270 k. 180 l. 130 e. 14400 f. 64610 g. 9960 h. 25280
34. See diagram
m. 1250 n. 2600 o. 2800 p. 7100 i. 25020
35. Turn right outside the bank, take 3rd left
3. a. 1220 b. 1140 c. 7250 d. 2730 3. a. 50800 b. 80700 c. 83200
then
e. 8900 f. 8800 g. 5100 h. 7110 d. 418000 e. 369000 f. 521400
2nd right and it is at the end of the road
4. a. 131 b. £233 c. i) £1750 ii) £170 g. 648900 h. 789600 i. 510300
36. a. b. c.
d. 1200 e. £610 f. 1800 j. 899100
g. i) 5590 ii) 690 Ex 9
Ex 3 1. a. 80 b. 30 c. 90 d. 60
1. a. 539 b. 826 c. 762 d. 1110 e. 10 f. 210 g. 370 h. 780
e. 660 f. 6687 g. 7023 h. 886 i. 20 j. 410 k. 850 l. 600
37. a. b. m. 1870 n. 2610 o. 8730 p. 4000
i. 237 j. 9110 k. 4499 l. 2791
m. 6851 n. 9011 o. 1898 p. 5704 2. a. 600 b. 1000 c. 400 d. 300
q. 7101 r. 2109 s. 9912 t. 2109 e. 300 f. 500 g. 1600 h. 3100
2. a. i) 8358 ii) 386 b. 1017 c. £7880 i. 8800 j. 6500 k. 6100 l. 9000
d. 1232 e. £4100 f. 2524 m. 12200 n. 16900 o. 19900 p. 10000
3. a. 8750 b. 8800
Puzzle 1 : a. 6 7 2 b. 8 1 6 4. a. 9960 b. 10000
38. 90° 1 5 9 3 5 7 5. a. 29950 b. 30000
39. a. obtuse b. right c. acute 8 3 4 4 9 2
40. 130° Ex 10
Puzzle 2 : Fill 4 litre jug and pour all into
41. 5 litre jug. 1. a. 60 b. 80 c. 70 d. 90
Fruit Tally Number Fill 4 litre jug again and pour into e. 110 f. 130 g. 150 h. 150
5 litre jug until 5 litre jug is full. i. 140 j. 230 k. 240 l. 360
apple |||| | 6 m. 670 n. 440 o. 700 p. 900
This leaves 3 litres in 4 litre jug.
orange |||| 5 2. a. 290 b. £500 c. 180 cm
banana |||| |||| 9 3. a. 40 b. 60 c. 200 d. 300
Ex 4
pear ||| 3 e. 400 f. 300 g. 100 h. 700
grapes || 2 1. a. 220 b. 120 c. 170 d. 340 4. a. 100 b. 800 c. 1000 d. 1100
e. 1760 f. 4060 g. 7550 h. 1300 e. 100 f. 800 g. 3000 h. 30000
25 i. 4500 j. 1010 k. 1400 l. 14720
42. a. 2 b. 4 c. 1·57 m m. 15070 n. 23000 o. 45000 p. 60000 Ex 11
d. brown hair, blue eyes, 1·38 m tall 2. a. 2300 b. 7600 c. 13700 d. 14000 1. a. 211 b. 394 c. 669 d. 1411
43. see bar graph e. 29000 f. 70600 g. 30900 h. 34000 e. 5716 f. 5832 g. 14137 h. 8746
i. 70000 j. 45000 k. 501000 l. 800000 i. 68 j. 53 k. 2410 l. 1869
m. 1246 n. 1677 o. 26928 p. 18096
q. 103 r. 136 s. 607 t. 640
6. a. A B C D E J K L M 4. a. 7·1 b. 26·2 c. 70·5 d. 101·7
2. a. 474 km b. 351 m c. £37 Q T U V W Y 3 4 7 e. 8·78 f. 7·49 g. 9·63 h. 14·29
d. 5820 m e. 1068 g f. £378 b. H I 8 i. 7·11 j. 26·34 k. 31·01 l. 57·03
g. i) 109 cm ii) 8066 cm2 c. F G N P R S Z 1 2 5 6 9 m. 6·2 n. 22·2 o. 46·7 p. 7·25
q. 1·27 r. 4·22 s. 3·07 t. 8·42
Answers to Chapter 2 Answers to Chapter 3 u. 2·07 v. 3·71 w. 2·58 x. 1·89
5. a. £7·69 b. £60·81 c. £47·73
Ex 1 Ex 1 d. £15·81 e. £37·65 f. £78·64
1. Check shapes 1. a. 0·3 b. 0·9 c. 1·2 d. 3·3 g. £3·21 h. £3·61 i. £0·04
2. Check shapes e. 5·6 f. 0·6 j. £34·30 k. £67·51 l. £20·63
3. a. b. c. d. 2. a b c 6. £33·75 7. £1·85 8. 6·6
9. 50·5 kg 10. 1·95 miles
11. 0·38 cm 12. £9·96
none 13. a 117·31 kg b. 8·15 kg
d. 14. a. i) 1·78 m ii) 3·06 m b. 1·28 m
15. a. i) £13·93 ii) £37·14 iii) £73·44
e f g h b. £7·38
3. a. 0·2 b. 0·7 c. 2·2 d. 3·5
e. 0·9 f. 3·8 Ex 1
4. 0·7 1. a. 0700 b. before (0945)
i j k l 5. a. 0·43 b. 0·29 c. 0·75 c. 1600 d. after (2235)
6. a. 2·31 b. 3·14 2. a. 0840 b. 0145 c. 0600 d. 1520
none 7. a. b. e. 1425 f. 2100 g. 0635 h. 2050
i. 0405 j. 0958 k. 1200 l. 0005
m. 1205 n. 2332 o. 0152 p. 2240
m n o p q. 2344 r. 0000
c. d. 3. a. 6 am b. before (10·45 am)
c. 5 pm d. after (6·50 pm)
4. a. 3·30 am b. 11·50 am c. 9·20 am
d. 3·45 pm e. 5·40 pm f. 10·25 pm
g. 2·40 am h. 6·45 pm i. 9·20 pm
j. 6·12 pm k. noon l. 6·50 am
8. a. tenths b. hundredths m. 3·45 am n. 3·25 pm o. 11·45 pm
4. Check shapes
9. a. tens b. units p. 9·05 pm q. 12·40 am r. 5·05 am
5. 4 lines of symmetry
c. tenths d. hundredths 5. 2250 and 0635
6. a. b. c. 3 lines of symmetry
10. 0·09, 0·17, 0·95, 1·04, 1·16, 1·61 6. 8·15 pm and 5·55 am
7. i) a, f, i, o and q
ii) 11. a. 1·3 b. 2·3 c. 3·8 d. 0·17 Ex 2
a. 0 b. 2 c. 2 d. 5 e. 1·16 f. 1·3 1. a. 3h b. 3h 30m c. 5h 30m
e. 2 f. 0 g. 8 h. 3 12. a. 0·2 b. 0·8 c. 2·7 d. 2·5 d. 4h 10m e. 20m f. 5h 35m
i. 0 j. 5 k. 1 l. 2 e. 1·25 f. 0·45 g. 2h 25m h. 1h 15m i. 1h 25m
m. 1 n. 2 o. 0 p. 12 13. a. 1·45 m b. 1·95 m c. 37·5 kg j. 3h 10m
q. 0 r. 8 s. 12 t. 3 Ex 2 2. A = 6 pm B = 3·55 pm C = 11 pm
Ex 2 1. a. 2·5 m b. 3·9 m c. 2·2 m D = 10·30 am E = 1·15 am
2. a. 8·4 b. 11·4 c. 22·8 d. 3·9 3. 3 hrs 15 mins
1. a. b.
e. 1·5 f. 4·5 4. 3 hrs 43 mins
3. a. 2·3 b. 1·5 c. 3·2 d. 5·2 5. a. i) 1h 10m ii) 45m iii) 6h 50m
e. 8·6 b. i) 1h 25m ii) 2·10 pm
4. a. 0·25 cm b. 0·37 cm 6. 10 hrs 25 mins
5. a. 1·35 b. 3·66 c. 5·35 d. 9·29 7. 10 hrs 35 mins
e. 1·24 f. 3·78 g. 4·45 h. 6·05 8. a. 1h 35m b. 1155 c. 10
i. 1·27 j. 5·37 k. 3·84 l. 9·32 9. julie by 5 mins
2. a. b. c. m. 1·44 n. 6·75 o. 1·28 p. 10·05 Ex 3
6. A = 7·5 B = 8·4 C = 9·8 D = 10·4 1. a. 24 b. 19 c. 54
E = 11·5 F = 12·3 d. 2m 16s e. 5m 9s f. 23m
Ex 3 2. 3 mins 15 secs
1. a. 4 b. 7 c. 4 d. 1 3. a. 1m 40s b. 2m 33s c. 3m 50s
e. 10 f. 15 g. 9 h. 8 4. a. 1h 35m b. 4h 25m c. 8h 20m
i. 41 j. 100 5. a. 9m 55s b. 5m 20s c. 13m 40s
3. a. b. c. d. 3m 5s e. 4m 50s f. 2m 50s
2. a. 7 b. 4 c. 8 d. 2
e. 5 f. 1 g. 11 h. 24 6. 9 mins 20 secs
i. 59 7. 1 hr 30 mins
3. a. £4 b. £6 c. £3 d. £9 8. a. 3m 25·4s b. 5m 17·1s c. 9m 4·8s
e. £13 f. £15 g. £17 h. £19 d. 6m 0·9s e. 45·2s
i. £0 j. £1 k. £1 l. £101 9. a. 6h 15m 20·5s b. 7h 38m 10·2s
4. a. 7 cm b. 9 cm c. 10 cm d. 2 cm c. 5h 59m 0·6s
e. 3 cm f. 7 cm g. 15 cm h. 21 cm 10. 1 min 14·3 secs
4. a. b. c. 11. a. BILL b. 1·7 secs
i. 25 cm j. 34 cm k. 42 cm l. 69 cm
5. a. 2 b. 4 c. 7 d. 9 12. a. 3·9 secs b. 3m 14·5s
e. 5 f. 8 g. 12 h. 12 13. 2 mins 30 secs
i. 26 j. 1 k. 28 l. 32
6. a. 4 b. 8 c. 5 d. 4 Answers to Chapter 5
e. 5 f. 10 g. 2 h. 13 Ex 1
i. 24 j. 1 k. 1 l. 1
m. £881 n. 17 cm o. 2 l 1.
5. a. b. c. 7. a. 5 b. 1 c. 2 d. 10 12 13 14 15 16 17
Ex 4 4 6 7 3 2 2
1. a. 7·9 b. 8·8 c. 11 d. 11·3 2. a.
e. 0·59 f. 0·79 g. 1·27 h. 1·29
i. 9·54 j. 9·55 k. 7·92 l. 8·15 D T F R S
m. 0·3 n. 7·4 o. 9·1 p. 3 2 3 7 1 3
q. 4·9 r. 5·8 s. 6·25 t. 4·68 b. 3 c. football d. 6 e. 16
2. a. 20·9 cm b. 30 cm c. 23·7 cm
3. a 7·1 kg b. 0·4 miles c. £19·90
d. 11·2 km

3. a. 3. a. i) £24 ii) £30 iii) £35 iv) £40 13. £3·55
b. small standard 14. a. £29·30 b. £12·27 c. £5·21
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 4. a. i) £217 ii) £311 iii) £399 iv) £350 15. 7 adults 5 children
1 2 4 9 5 0 3 b. Sun Hotel for 2 weeks 16. 30·9 secs
b. 4 c. 8 c. i) £434 ii) £598
4. a. Answers to Chapter 7
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 Ex 1
5. a. £149 b. £279 c. £358 d. £408
5 1 3 2 4 6 e. £665 1. a. 3 b. 8 c. 5
b. S6 c. S2 (only one once) 6. a. i) £5·50 ii) £12·50 2. a. 14 b. 0 c. 12 d. 8
5. a. i) 4 ii) 6 iii) 9 iv) 3 v) 5 iii) £8·50 iv) £8·50 e. 9 f. 10 g. 9 h. 0
b. 27 b. 11 - 20 kg and between 5 - 10 km i. 11 j. 29 k. 3 l. 9
6. a. i) 8 ii) 20 iii) 12 iv) 11 v) 6 m. 7 n. 8 o. 7 p. 0
b. 14 Answers to Chapter 6 q. 18 r. 40 s. 2 t. 9
7. a. i) 6 ii) 8 iii) 9 iv) 11 u. 3
b. P7 c. 36 Ex 1 3. a. + b. – c. x d. ÷
8. a. i) 20 ii) 2 iii) 18 iv) 22 1. a. 37 b. 45 c. 45·2 d. 72·1 e. – f. x or ÷ g. + h. ÷
b. 90 c. girls (low football) e. 127·8 f. 9·4 g. 30·08 h. 0·147 i. + j. – k. ÷ l. x
9. a. i) 20 ii) 12 iii) 19 iv) 29 v) 44 2. a. 596 b. 874 c. 205 d. 260 4. 24, 16, 80 and 5
b. hot dogs c. 10 d. 124 e. 547 f. 268 g. 5·89 h. 0·68 5. 2,2,6,8,9,15,16,20,28,32,36,60,72,142,146,
10. See bar graph 3. a. 11·6 kg b. 116 kg 288
11. See bar graph 4. a. 414 b. 2760 c. 90 d. 0·3 6. a. 7 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9
12. a. A - 5 B - 10 C - 12 D - 21 E - 12 5. a. 900 b. 9 c. 99 d. 0·9 e. 18 f. 8
b. See bar graph 6. £23·60 7. £50080 7. Cake A by 1
Ex 2 Ex 2 8. a. 12 cm b. 8 cm
c. 20 cm d. 12 cm
1. a. i) 120 cm ii) 130 cm iii) 135 cm 1. a. 1·42 b. 3·59 c. 0·784 d. 24·75 9. a. 13 + * = 22 b. 9p
b. 16 c. 8 d. 122 - 123 cm e. 2·382 f. 47·827 g. 5·702 h. 4·6 10. a. 16 – * = 5 b. 5 x * = 100
2. a. i) 150 ii) 225 iii) 300 i. 0·8 j. 0·034 k. 0·02 l. 0·0047 * = 11 * = 20
iv) 225 v) 275 vi) 325 2. a. 4·884 b. 4·1712 c. 0·158 d. 0·4204 *
b. 9 am e. 4·7 f. 0·09 g. 0·056 h. 0·006 c. 4 = 7 d. 47 + * = 56
c. approx 8·15 am, 10·30 am and 12·30 pm 3. a. 0·427 g b. £708·03 c. £2·52 * = 28 *=9
d. 8 am to 9 am 4. a. 6 b. 8·03 c. 42·7 d. 0·06 e. * x 4 = 160 f. 42 ÷ * = 6
e. people starting work/school etc. 5. a. 3·03 b. 45·1 c. 0·65 d. 0·07 * = 40 *=7
3. a. 600 6. £0·35 g. * – 8 = 39
b. i) 200 ii) 1400 iii) 300 * = 47
Ex 3
c. 200
d. i) May to June ii) Sept to Oct 1 a. 32 b. 30 c. 48 d. 28 Ex 2
e. 5000 e. 40 f. 27 g. 35 h. 48 1. a. 7 b. 3 c. 12 d. 0
f. Summer - warmer (more sales) i. 54 j. 45 k. 54 l. 45 e. 7 f. 10 g. 12 h. 5
Winter - colder (less sales) m. 63 n. 36 o. 42 p. 100 i. 11 j. 6 k. 7 l. 6
4. a. i) 28 ii) 26 iii) 29 q. 42 r. 56 s. 40 t. 72 m. 2 n. 22 o. 45 p. 24
b. Tues & Wed c. Thu u. 72 v. 49 w. 81 x. 63 q. 16 r. 6
d. Wed (most sales) 2. a. 9·8 b. 17·4 c. 61·2 d. 461·5 2. a. 8 b. 14 c. 5 d. 21
5. a. i) Cars R Us ii) Best Cars e. 250·2 f. 228·2 g. 292·8 h. 474·3 e. 0 f. 30 g. 7 h. 6
iii) Cars R Us iv) Same i. 34·09 j. 39·12 k. 183·2 l. 30·96 i. 3 j. 18 k. 5 l. 9
b. i) Cars 400 - Best 200 m. 17·01 n. 41·3 o. 460·6 p. 61·56 3. a. x + 4 = 11 b. y + 9 = 20
ii) Cars 300 - Best 350 3. a. 6·8 b. 8·1 c. 34·4 d. 17·1 x=7 y = 11
iii) Cars 250 - Best 450 e. 32 f. 74·4 g. 22·19 h. 16·98 c. 2 x t = 18 d. 4 x n = 32
c. Best Cars i. 45·92 j. 34·9 k. 277·8 l. 248·4 t=9 n=8
6. See line graph 4. a. £25·92 b. £43·68 c. 21·33 cm e. 3 x p = 150 f. f + 30 = 50
7. See line graph d. 49·74 cm e. 180·6 m2 f. £14·10 p = 50 f = 20
8. See line graph g. £63·40 h. 139·2 m i. 56·22 cm 4. 13 + S = 29
Ex 3 j. 43·96 cm k. 15·4 kg S = 16
Ex 4 5. 4 x m = 300
1. a. Fish m = 75 g
b. Cat, dog, mouse, fish 1. a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7 6. 4 x t = 240
2. a. Cola e. 8 f. 3 g. 7 h. 8 t = 60
b. Cola, orange, water, irn-bru, lemon i. 6 j. 9 k. 9 l. 5 7. W – 250 = 1230
2 3 m. 9 n. 4 o. 7 p. 8 W = 1480 ml
3. a. 10 b. 10 q. 6 r. 8 s. 5 t. 8 8. 3 x d = 36
4 2 3 1 u. 9 v. 7 w. 9 x. 7 d = 12
4. a. i) 10 ii) 10 iii) 10 iv) 10 2. a. 4·2 b. 3·2 c. 1·7 d. 1·3 9. 18 + a = 42
b. Indian, Italian, Chinese, french e. 2·3 f. 6·3 g. 6·7 h. 4·2 a = 24
5. a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 i. 3·68 j. 2·45 k. 1·89 l. 1·95 10. C ÷ 3 = 13
6. a. 20 b. 15 c. 10 d. 5 m. 0·26 n. 1·39 o. 1·23 p. 1·06 C = 39
1 3. a. 4·7 b. 2·4 c. 1·9 d. 1·09
7. a. 20 e. 3·4 f. 10·6 g. 11·3 h. 7·81 Ex 3
9 5 4 2 i. 1·19 j. 0·13 k. 1·08 l. 1·97 1. a. i) 14 ii) 20 iii) 100 iv) 2·4 v) 0
b. i) 20 ii) 20 iii) 20 iv) 20 m. 3·69 n. 2·75 o. 2·09 p. 10·3 b. i) 3 ii) 15 iii) 2500 iv) 3·2 v) 4·5
c. 5 q. 0·37 r. 1·22 s. 1·22 t. 1·09 2. a. i) 18 ii) 13 iii) 11 iv) 36 v) 17·5
d. i) 45 ii) 25 iii) 20 iv) 10 u. 6·8 v. 1·87 w. 1·27 x. 0·1 b. i) 14 ii) 11 iii) 39 iv) 0·5 v) 6300
8. See pie chart showing :– 4. a. 0·29 kg b. £6·86 3. a. 20
10 4 1 c. i) 12·9 ii) 1·47 iii) 1·41 b. i) 2 ii) 8 iii) 26
maths – 20 english – 20 french – 20 iv) 1·26 v) 11·5 vi) 0·19 c. i) 15 ii) 9 iii) 27
3 2 d. 4·38 cm e. £2·73 f. £0·89 4. a. 1 —> 8p b. 8
science – 20 history – 20 g. £0·78 h. 22·5 mins i. £0·57 2 —> 16p
j. 0·3 l 3 —> 24p
Ex 4
Ex 5 4 —> 32p
€ 1. a. i) 12 ii) 7 iii) 5 iv) 24 5 —> 40p
b.i) 27 ii) 12 iii) 53 1. £43·84 2. 4·5 mins 6 —> 48p
c.29 3. Dougal by £3·01 c. IN —> x 8 —> OUT
2. a. i) 5 ii) 4 iii) 3 iv) 1 4. £14·28 5. £5·46 d. 80p
b.i) french ii) music 6. No (1·9 m short) 5. a. people 1 2 3 4 5 6
iii) P.E. iv) R.E. 7. £0·84 8. £15·70 tea bags 2 3 4 5 6 7
c. i) Mon 1, Tue 2, Wed 4 & 5, Fri 4 9. No (£0·59 short) b. add 1
ii) Mon 2, Tue 5, Thu 2, Fri 2 10. £8·24 11. £0·98 12. 7·8 l c. IN —> + 1 —> OUT
iii) Wed 1, Fri 3
iv) Mon 5

3. equal Heaton 282° Jayton 320°
6. a. side 1 2 3 4 5 6 4. a. 40° b. 93° c. 90° d. 149° 7. See diagrams

perimeter 3 6 9 12 15 18 e. 100° f. 163° 8. See diagrams
b. times the length of the side by 3 5. a. 142° b. 142° c. 38° 9. 250°
c. IN —> x 3 —> OUT 6. a. b.
d. 30 cm 93° Answers to Chapter 9
140°
7. a. side 1 2 3 4 5 6 40° 40° 87° 87°
perimeter 5 10 15 20 25 30 140° 93° Ex 1
b. IN —> x 5 —> OUT 1. a. 10 b. 35 c. 30 d. 60
c. 80 e. 35 f. 35
c. d.
8. a. 21
90° 90° 149°
b. i) 13 ii) 17 iii) 41 iv) 1 v) 3 31° 31° 2. a. 4 b. 6 c. 12 d. 12
9. a. i) 15 ii) 18 90° 90° 149° e. 12 f. 14
b. i) 23 ii) 26 3. £10, £5, 50p, 20p, 10p
c. No e. f. 4. a. £7·31 b. various
10. a. 20 b. 4 c. 8 d. 24 5. a. £6·73 b. various
1 Ex 2
e. 4 f. 4 2 100° 80° 163° 17°
11. 5 80° 100° 17° 163° 1. a. £3·79 b. £5·67 c. £4·81
12. a. Players 1 2 3 4 5 6 d. £7·56 e. £18·22 f. £18·41
People 3 5 7 9 11 13 g. £18·91 h. £19·52 i. £4·11
b. IN —> x 2 —> +1 —> OUT j. £2·36 k. £3·09 l. £1·37
c. 23 Ex 7 m. £12·17 n £16·15 o. £5·36
13. a. Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. equal 2. equal 3. equal p. £10·90 q. £14·40 r. £6·51
Cost £10 £14 £18 £22 £26 £30 4. a. 76° b. 52° c. 68° s. £15·93 t. £9·99 u. £13·58
b. IN —> x 4 —> +6 —> OUT 5. a. b. v. £12·55 w. £20 x. £0·75
c. £46 2. a. £7·79 b. £5·31 c. £15·03
80° 103° 77° d. £10·88 e. £13·42 f. £4·83
Answers to Chapter 8 100° 77° 103° g. £19·98 h. £8·02 i. £19·90
80° j. £11·01 k. £19·93 l. £17·69
Ex 1 103° 77° 3. a. £2·50 b. £6·45 c. £5·04
1. a. right b. obtuse c. acute d. £17 e. £17·30 f. £18·28
c.
d. obtuse e. acute f. straight g. £18·57 h. £19·94 i. £18·84
g. acute h. reflex 60° 120° j. £16·45 k. £12·32 l. £18·54
2. a. right b. obtuse c. acute 120° 60° 4. a. £1·30 b. £3·21 c. £2·12
d. obtuse e. acute f. obtuse d. £1·10 e. £1·01 f. £2
60° 120°
g. acute h. acute g. £1·02 h. £1·03 i. £8·18
120° 60°
3. a. acute b. obtuse c. right j. £5·37 k. £1·83 l. £3·79
d. acute m. £0·24 n £2·52 o. £2·45
6. equal 7. equal 8. equal
4. see diagram p. £0·06
9. a. 25° b. 76° c. 122°
5. a. 88°, 17°, 60°, 31° 5. a. £17·14 b. £9·68 c. £12·51
10. a. b.
b. 110°, 176°, 91°, 169° d. £5·82 e. £4·54 f. £15·24
c. 180° d. 90° e. 210°, g. £0·77 h. £2·69 i. £19·02
147° 130° 50°
j. £1·57 k. £0·09 l. £20·65
335° 33° 50° 130° 6. a. £20·90 b. £24·30 c. £40·50
Ex 2 33° 130° 50° d. £61·35 e. £35·75 f. £53·45
147° g. £44·88 h. £85·08 i. £66·77
1. a. ∠TAP b. ∠VPL c. ∠ISB 50° 130°
j. £83·64 k. £41·10 l. £48·99
d. ∠YXZ e. ∠HJK f. ∠POD m. £84·14 n £85·15 o. £59·30
g. ∠XTC h. ∠UVK
c. d. p. £73·75 q. £104·80 r. £100
2. a. ∠BCG(right) b. ∠HTR(acute) 7. a. £8·30 b. £13·70 c. £20
c. ∠EBO(obtuse) d. ∠CBS(reflex) d. £27·80 e. £17·20 f. £39
e. ∠POY(acute) f. ∠SWT(straight) 122° g. £11·01 h. £15·37 i. £30·81
g. ∠BUT(acute) h. ∠ITN(obtuse) 58°
j. £20·77 k. £16·90 l. £22·89
3. a. ∠TYP. ∠MVT, ∠RVS 95° 85° 95° m. £5·77 n £14·92 o. £29·32
b. ∠PTY. ∠MTV, ∠RSV 58° 95° 85°
122° p. £1·08 q. £9·69 r. £51·03
c. ∠TPY. ∠VMT, ∠SRV 8. a. £30·50 b. £58·96 c. £52·05
4. a. b. c. Check diagram
e. d. £138·57 e. £62·20 f. £84·72
d. Both angles are the same size g. £63·75 h. £99·80 i. £56·70
70° 110° 115° 65°
Ex 3 j. £88·68 k. £44·59 l. £94·15
1. a. ∠ACB = 70° b. ∠DFE = 160° m. £61·12 n £99·12 o. £95·22
c. ∠GHI = 90° d. ∠KLJ = 65° 110° 70° 65° 115° p. £99·63 q. £29·90 r. £283·00
e. ∠MON = 115° f. ∠QRP = 95° 9. a. £45·25 b. £32·69 c. £24·57
g. ∠UST = 100° h. ∠VWX = 65° d. £29·94 e. £22·49 f. £19·99
Ex 8
i. ∠YAZ = 120° g. £16·45 h. £19·09 i. £14·68
2. a. 60° b. 30° c. 110° d. 140° 1. Check drawing j. £13·26 k. £14·23 l. £6·41
e. 50° f. 160° 2. a. 90° b. 90° c. 90° d. 270° m. £11·28 n £9·86 o. £5·17
3. a. 28° b. 111° c. 115° d. 40° e. 45° f. 135° g. 180° h. 135° p. £10·58 q. £1·54 r. £7·29
e. 137° f. 109° g. 12° h. 175° i. 135° j. 135° Ex 3
i. 75° j. 45° k. 44° l. 110° 3. a. South b. NE c. SW
d. i) 135° ii) 135° iii) 225° iv) 315° 1. a. £4·23 b. £4·27 c. £7·48
(accept answers 2° either side of above)
e. North f. North g. 270° h. NE d. £14·77 e. £11·12
Ex 4 4. a. i) N ii) E iii) SE iv) S 2. a. £13·72 b £0·28
1. Check all diagrams b. i) N ii) W iii) S iv) SW 3. a. £17·15 b. £1·50
c. W —> NE —> SE —> SW d. East 4. a. £13·20 b. £9·95 c. £3·25
Ex 5 5. a. Joe £18·66, Jan £20·12,
Ex 9
1. a. 60° b. 20° c. 45° d. 65° Dawn £20·29, Dave £17·84
e. 15° f. 47° g. 150° h. 40° 1. a. 040° b. 090° c. 320° d. 050° b. Dawn (most) Dave (least)
i. 90° j. 130° k. 55° l. 145° e. 099° f. 010° g. 180° h. 240° c. £0·17
m. 110° n. 130° o. 190° i. 070° j. 005° k. 105° l. 310° d. Family (£38·80) Others (£5·85)
2. a. 153° b. 46° c. 13° d. 104° 2. a. 045° b. 098° c. 122° d. 053° 6. £3·14
e. 91° f. 28° g. 132° h. 90° e. 112° f. 030° g. 047° h. 240° 7. a. £17·77 b. £2·23
i. 238° (all ± 2°) 8. 6 pack = £3·28 each
3. a. 090° b. 270° c. 045° d. 000° 4 pack = £3·29 each (6 pack cheaper)
Ex 6 4. a. 315° b. 250° c. 340° d. 181°
1. a. p = 40°, q = 140°, r = 40°, s = 140° 5. a. 247° b. 320° c. 339° d. 146°
b. equal c. equal 6. Barton 032° Carton 072°
2. a. e = 80°, f = 100°, g = 80°, h = 100° Darton 097° Earton 150°
b. i) equal ii) equal Feeton 195° Geeton 253°

5. a. Check diagram b. 12 cm
9. a. 5·70 b. 2·70 c. 3·20 6. length 42 cm, breadth 14 cm Answers to Chapter 12

6·30 2·25 12·90 7. a. 5 cm b. 2·5 cm
7·50 0·70 3·52 8. a. 6 cm b. 3 cm c. 8 cm Ex 1
£19·50 £5·65 £19·62 9. – 11. Check diagrams 1. a. C(1, 2) b. B(2, 5) c. S(3, 3)
Ex 6 d. F(4, 0) e. V(5, 4)
d 8·67 2. A(2, 7) B(10, 4) C(4, 0)
8·96 Check all diagrams D(5, 4) E(0, 9) F(8, 2)
1·17 G(4, 9) H(1, 3) I(8, 8)
£18·80 Answers to Chapter 11 3. a. i) T ii) P iii) Q iv) M
10. £7·38 Ex 1 b. i) (1, 8) ii) (5, 7) iii) (1, 5) iv) (9,0)
11. a. £3·89 b. £7·45 c. i) KNML
1 2 1 5 ii) K(1, 8) N(1, 5) M(8, 5) L(8, 8)
12. 500g box £1·33/100g cheaper 1. a. 2 b. 3 c. 3 d. 8
300g box £1·48/100g 4. see diagram d. square
5 9 1 3 5.
13. £2·30 14. £17·08 15. £4·38 e. 6 f. 12 g. 6 h. 4 T S
16. £4·79 17. £5·18 18. £3·43 3 3 4 5
19. £15·60 i. 5 j. 8 k. 5 l. 6
7 7 5 U R
m. 8 n. 12 o. 8
P Q
1 1 2 3 hexagon
Ex 1 2. a. b. c. d.
2 3 3 8
1. a. square b. rectangle c. triangle 1 3 5 1
d. circle e. kite f. rhombus e. 6 f. 12 g. 6 h. 4 Ex 2
g. parallelogram 2 5 1 1
2. a. hexagon & rectangle i. 5 j. 8 k. 5 l. 6
1. a. F (tree) b. B (shoe)
b. kite & triangle c. 5 d. 1
1 5 3
c. triangle d. rhombus e. circle m. 8 n. 12 o. 8
e. E (present) f. D (pumpkin)
f. rectangle g. square g. C (turkey)
4 1 7 1
h. rectangle & parallelogram 3. a. 15 b. 15 c. 15 d. 15
h. C(0, 3) A(5, 3)
3. a. see diagram b. pentagon i. E(2, 2) G(2, 4)
4. check diagrams
c. 5 d. 5 j. F to A
4. a. 6 b. see diagram Ex 2 2. a. (4, 7) b. P c. T d. L
c. hexagon 3 3 9 3 e. K(0, 7) Q(4, 7) N(10, 7)
5. a. see diagram 1. a. 6 b. 9 c. 15 = 5 f. K(0, 7) g. W(8, 8)
b. i) heptagon ii) octagon 2 3 h. vertical
iii) nonagon iv) decagon 2. a. 8 b. 12 3. a. b. c. (3, 3)
6. a. square b. right 6 9 B C
c. see diagram d. 2 3. a. 8 b. 12 c. various
7. a. see diagram b. 5 3 9 12 9
8. a. see diagram b. 9 4. a. 6 b. 15 c. 21 d. 24
9. i) 14 ii) 20 iii) 27 iv) 35 21 39
10. a. 1 square 4 triangles e. 30 f. 60 A D (5,1)
b. 5 squares 4 12 16 12
c. 1 rectangle 2 squares 5. a. 8 b. 20 c. 28 d. 32 4. a. b. c. (3, 3)
d. 1 square 1 circle 28 52 R S (5,4)
e. 1 pentagon 2 squares e. 40 f. 80
f. 4 hexagons 6. various
g. 1 rectangle 4 triangles 1 1 4 5
h. 1 octagon 8 squares 7. a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 9 Q P
i. 1 hexagon 6 triangles (and a star) 3 9
11. See designs e. 11 f. 10 5. a. b.
1 2 3 6 S T
Ex 2 8. a. b. c. d.
3 5 7 7 L M
1. a. see diagram b. scalene 8 6
2. a. see diagram b. isosceles e. 11 f. 15
Square
Rectangle
3. a. see diagram c. equilateral 3 2 1 1 K N
4. a. isosceles b. equilateral 9. a. 4 b. 3 c. 6 d. 3
c. isosceles d. scalene 1 1 5 1
e. equilateral f. isosceles e. 3 f. 3 g. 9 h. 3 R U
g. isosceles h. scalene 2 2 3 8
i. j. k. l. c. d.
5. a. 35 cm b. 28 cm c. 33 cm 5 7 11 9 H
d. 24 cm e. 7·8 cm f. 305 mm 1 1 1 4
g. 12·9 cm h. 24 m i. 59 cm m. 2 n. 20 o. 3 p. 7 A G E
6. a. 9 cm b. 15 cm c. 15 cm 1 11
d. 10 cm e. 10 cm f. 9 cm q. 3 r. 16
D B
Ex 3 Kite
Ex 3 Rhombus
1. a. obtuse b. right c. acute 1. a. 4 b. 4 c. 3 d. 8 C F
d. acute e. obtuse f. acute e. 9 f. 9 g. 12 h. 12
2. a. ΔGET b. ΔFLK c. ΔMIQ e.
1
d. ΔRDL e. ΔPHN f. ΔVJS i. 13 j. 20 k. 3 l. 3 2
3. ΔDGM right angled scalene 2. a. 7 b. 6 c. 5 d. 8 K
4. ΔXTP acute angled isosceles J
e. 14 f. 11 g. 4 h. 100
5. a. ΔGMW right angled isosceles I L
i. 30
b. ΔRFD acute angled scalene 3. a. 20 b. 5 c. 6 d. 10 H
c. ΔHSE acute angled equilateral e. i) 6 ii) 42
d. ΔCZN obtuse angled scalene f. i) 10 ii) 20
e. ΔSBJ right angled scalene Ex 3
4. a. 9 b. i) 5 ii) 30
f. ΔQVN obtuse angled isosceles 5. a. 8 b. 6 c. 4 d. 3 1 to 5
Ex 4 e. 3 f. 18
1. 2. 3. 4. Check diagrams Ex 4
5. Check diagrams (trapezium) 1. a. 14 b. 24 c. 16 d. 21
6. 7. 8. 9. Check diagrams e. 36 f. 14 g. 22 h. 35
Ex 5 i. 28 j. 56 k. 108 l. 40
1. Check diagram m. 4 n. 27
2. 8 cm 3. 46 mm 2. a. 24 b. 18
4. a. 7 cm b. 3·5 cm

2. a. £13 b. 28 km c. 62 mm d. $2 d. 10 cm2 e. 8 cm2 f. 8 cm2
e. 12 ml f. 200 m g. 60 m h. 20 ml g. 7 cm2 h. 14 cm2 i. 9 cm2
i. 10 cm j. £450 k. 80 mm l. 16 p j. 12 cm2 k. 16 cm2
m. £7·50 n. £2·50 o. £1·30 3. a. 14 cm2 b. 15 cm2 c. 14-15 cm2
3. a. £15 b. 20 kg c. 9 kg
4. a. £1·20 b. £10·80 d. 10 cm2
Ex 6
1. 12 cm2
2. 40 cm2
Answers to Chapter 14 3. a. 35 cm2 b. 36 cm2 c. 36 cm2

d. 11 cm2 e. 25 cm2 f. 60 cm2
Ex 1 4. a. 700 m2 b. 2480 m2 c. 1350 m2
1. a. 2·1 cm b. 5·3 cm c. 6·8 cm 5. Kitchen 8 m2
d. 7·9 cm e. 4·2 cm f. 8·7 cm Bathroom 6 m2
2. a. 38 mm b. 30 mm c. 69 mm Bedroom 1 18 m2
d. 21 mm e. 62 mm Bedroom 2 16 m2
3. i) A 49 mm B 76 mm C 19 mm Living Room 40 m2
D 83 mm E 31 mm F 96 mm
ii) F, D, B, A, E, C Dining Room 30 m2
4. a. 10·3 cm, 1·8 cm, 9·2 cm, 3·7 cm Ex 7
b. 8·5 cm 1. a/b. Check diagram c. 20 cm2 d. 10 cm2
5. a. 38 mm b. 16 mm
c. 49 mm, 17 mm, 10 mm 2. a/b. Check diagram c. 24 cm2 d. 12 cm2
6. 98 mm 3. a/b. Check diagram c. 12 cm2 d. 6 cm2
4. a/b. Check diagram c. 25 cm2 d. 12·5 cm2
7. a. i) 59 mm ii) 5·9 cm iii) 5 cm 9 mm 5. 8 cm2
Ex 1 b. i) 79 mm ii) 7·9 cm iii) 7 cm 9 mm 6. a. 6 cm2 b. 14 cm2 c. 6 cm2
c. i) 35 mm ii) 3·5 cm iii) 3 cm 5 mm 1
1. a. Green 50% b. Green 80% d. 13 2 cm2 e. 14 cm2 f. 18 cm2
Red 30% Red 20%
c. Green 31% d. Green 42% g. 16 cm2 h. 15 cm2
Red 7% Red 36% d. i) 80 mm ii) 8·0 cm iii) 8 cm 0 mm 1
e. Green 62% f. Green 56% 7. a. 9 cm2 b. 19 cm2 c. 19 2 cm2
e. i) 157 mm ii) 15·7 cm iii) 15 cm 7 mm
Red 29% Red 2% 8. a. 3·4 cm b. 3·6 cm c. 7 cm 8. a. 25 cm2 b. 55 cm2 c. 18 cm2
2. a. Green 48% b. 100% 9. Check diagrams
Red 34% d. 32 cm2 e. 18 cm2 f. 6 cm2
10. a. equal b. equal
Blue 18% g. 105 cm2
3. a. i) 15% ii) 54% Ex 2 9. a. 20 cm2 b. 10 cm2
b. 31% c. 100 – (54 + 15) 1. a. 1000 b. 100 c. 10 1
23 49 60 14 d. 1000 e. 100000 f. 1000000 c. A = 2 xlxb
4. a. 100 b. 100 c. 100 d. 100 2. a. 60 b. 20 c. 150 d. 5
99 17 66 8 e. 42 f. 87 g. 129 h. 55 Answers to Chapter 15
e. 100 f. 100 g. 100 h. 100 i. 15 j. 92 k. 189 l. 213
3 4 1 100 3. a. 4 b. 7 c. 9 d. 13 Ex 1
i. 100 j. 100 k. 100 l. 100 (1)
e. 3·5 f. 4·9 g. 20 h. 70 1. a. b. M c. 25
i. 65 j. 200 k. 0·3 l. 0·7
5. a. 0·31 b. 0·59 c. 0·77 d. 0·11 4. a. 300 b. 900 c. 1400 d. 50
e. 0·18 f. 0·99 g. 0·09 h. 0·08 e. 2500 f. 4900 g. 20000 h. 25
i. 0·03 j. 0·04 k. 0·01 l. 1·0 i. 450 j. 705 k. 50 l. 1 2.
12 33 5. a. 4 b. 7 c. 15 d. 40
6. a. 100 (0·12) b. 100 (0·33)
e. 4·4 f. 9·5 g. 0·5 h. 0·25
50 25 6. a. 3000 b. 12000 c. 25000
c. 100 (0·50) d. 100 (0·25)
d. 500 e. 5500 f. 2750
10 19 g. 9800 h. 1070 i. 5200 3.
e. 100 (0·10) f. 100 (0·19)
j. 12600 k. 2250 l. 800
68 40 7. a. 5 b. 18 c. 0·3 d. 7·5
g. 100 (0·68) h. 100 (0·40)
e. 18·4 f. 4·25 g. 2·15 h. 6·95
13 2 i. 0·35 j. 0·78 k. 12·4 l. 300 4. b.
i. 100 (0·13) j. 100 (0·02)
8. 6 cm, 6·2 cm, 63 mm, 6cm 5 mm
9. 9 m, 8m 90 cm, 8·8 m, 870 cm
10. i) 120 cm ii) 1·2 m
5 6 11. 25 m
k. 100 (0·05) l. 100 (0·06)
12. a. 5000 m b. 5 kl
1 3
m. 100 (0·01) n. 100 (0·03)
100 Ex 3
o. 100(1·0)
1. a. 160 mm b. 16 cm
7. a. 19% b. 79% c. 8% d. 89% 2. a. 80 mm b. 55 mm 5.
e. 41% f. 8% g. 62% h. 1% 3. 6·3 cm 4. 28 cm 5. 25 mm
i. 1% j. 93% k. 50% l. 5% 6. 150 cm 7. 2·4 m 8. 1·5 km
Ex 2 9. 800 m
1. a. 0·28 = 28% Ex 4
b. 8 ÷ 10 = 0·8 = 80% 1. 37 cm
c. 3 ÷ 5 = 0·6 = 60% 2. a. 36 cm b. 63 mm c. 16·2 m
d. 18 ÷ 40 = 0·45 = 45% 3. 62 cm 6.
4. a. 22 cm b. 15·2 cm c. 168 mm
€ 2. a. 0·2 = 20% b. 0·15 = 15% d. 26·2 m
c. 0·8 = 80% d. 0·28 = 28% 5. 20 cm
e. 0·58 = 58% f. 0·1 = 10% 6. a. 11 cm b. 13·2 cm c. 37 mm
3. a. 20% b. 20% c. 60% d. 20% 7. a. 8 cm b. 160 mm c. 1 m
e. 30% f. 4% € 8. a. 15·2 m b. £43·50
4. 75% 9. £405 7. a. Check patterns
5. a. English 75% French 80% History b. i) 2 ii) 6 iii) 12 iv) 20
78% Ex 5 c. i) 30 ii) 42 iii) 56 iv) 72
b. French c. English 1. a. 10 boxes b. 10 cm2 8. a. L b. P c. L d. U
Ex 3 e. R f. J
9./10./11. Check diagrams
€1. a. £30 b. 6p c. 9 cm
2. a. 5 cm2 b. 4 cm2 c. 8 cm2 Ex 2
1. 4 times table starting with no. 8 6. a. 5 b. 2 triangles 3 rectangles c. 100, 50, 25 d. 48, 96, 192
2. a. 5 times table c. 6 d. PR e. AP, BR e. 19, 22, 25 f. 54, 50, 46
b. 7 times table f. 9 g. Check list 22. 110, 178, 288, 466
c. 3 times table starting with no. 9 7. a. 2 faces, 1 curved, 1 circle 23. 2 x (l + b)
d. 10 times table starting with no. 50 b. 3 faces, 1 curved, 2 circles 24. a. 118 mm b. 11·8 cm
e. 8 times table starting with no. 24 c. 11 cm 8 mm
f. starts at 36 and drops 4 each time 8. Hemisphere 25. a. 100 g b. 200 cm c. 5 ml
9. a. cone, cylinder 26. a. 7·35 am b. 1·50 pm c. 8·58 pm
b. hemisphere, cylinder, cuboid d. 12·45 am
3. a. 30, 35, 40 b. 42, 49, 56

c. 24, 27, 30 d. 100, 110, 120 Ex 2 27. a. 0455 b. 1750 c. 2340
e. 56, 64, 72 f. 16, 12, 8 d. 1520 e. 0015 f. 1245
1./2. Check models
4. 7 go up by 3 28. a. 1·10 pm b. 2 hrs 20 mins
3. a. 120 cm b. 132 cm c. 140 cm
5. a. begin at 3 go up by 2 29. a. 46 cm b. 100 cm c. 21·2 cm
4./5. Check models
b. begin at 5 go up by 3 d. 21·5 cm e. 48 cm f. 34 cm
c. begin at 9 go up by 4 Ex 3 30. a. 20 cm2 b. 22 cm2 c. 31·5 cm2
d. begin at 3 go up by 10 1.-7. Check diagrams 31. a. Check diagram
e. begin at 62 go up by 5 8. a) b) d) f) are nets b. 18 cm2 c. 9 cm2
f. begin at 6 go up by 0·5 32. a. 4 cm2 b. 10 cm2
1 Answers to Chapter 17
g. begin at 3 go up by 1 2 33. a. square based pyramid b. cube
c. sphere d. cuboid
h. begin at 30 go down by 4 Ex 1 e. cone f. triangular prism
i. begin at 70 go down by 9 1. bath 34. a. 12 b. 8 c. 9
j. begin at 2000 go down by 100 2. egg cup, mug, frier 35. a. 8 b. 6 c. 5
6. a. 13, 15, 17 3. cereal 36. a. octagon b. equilateral triangle
b. 20, 23, 26 4. train, truck, car, bike c. rhombus
29, 33, 37 5. a. 4 teaspoons b. tablespoon 37. a. centre b. diameter
53, 63, 73 c. water d. 2 cups c. radius d. circumference
87, 92, 97 1 38. a. cuboid b. cube
8·5, 9, 9·5 e. 5 scones f. 4 c. square based pyramid
1 1
10 , 12, 13 10 1 d. triangular prism e. cylinder
2 2 6. (3) 7. 2 8. 5 days
30 39. See drawing
14, 10, 6 40. SE
34, 25, 16 Ex 2
1600, 1500, 1400 1. a. 6 b. 4 c. 40 d. 5
7. a. Check diagram e. 20 41. P(7, 5) Q(3, 0) R(0, 4)
b. 20, 24, 28 c. 4 d. 40 2. a. 400 ml b. 600 ml c. 200 ml 42. a. 1 b. 5 c. 2 d. 0
8. a. 20 b. 20, 25, 30 c. 5, 5 d. 900 ml 43. 44.
d. 45 3. a. lime,lemon b. blackcurrant
e. i) 12 ii) 18 iii) 36 iv) 60 c. 100 ml d. 400 ml
9. a. 8 b. 13 c. 21 4. a. i) 10 ml ii) 380 ml
d. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 147 b. i) 360 ml ii) 580 ml iii) 420 ml
10. Check sequence 5. a. 400 ml b. 500 ml c. 1000 ml
11. a. 56 d. 900 ml
b. 20 = (4 x 5), 30 = (5 x 6), 42 = (6 x 7)
c. 56 = (7 x 8) Ex 3
d. 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 110 45. a. 34° b. 148°
1. a. 3000 ml b. 9000 ml c. 15000 ml
12. Check diagrams 46. a. obtuse b. straight c. acute
d. 20000 ml e. 1500 ml f. 6800 ml
b. 15 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 d. right
g. 7400 ml h. 5250 ml
c. 21 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 47. Check diagram
2. a. 4 l b. 7 l c. 12 l d. 25 l 48. Check diagram
28 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 e. 7·5 l f. 8·2 l g. 40 l h. 2·85 l 49. a. 064° b. 150° c. 231°
36 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8
13. a. i) even ii) odd Ex 4 50. a. £5 b. £30
b. (1 + 3 + 5 + 7) (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9) c. Sean (Wed) d. Billy (£40)
1. 4 cm3 2. 4 cm3 3. 9 cm3 51. Check bar graph
(1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11) 4. 18 cm3 5. 12 cm3 6. 6 cm3 1
(1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13) 52. a. b. i) 100 ii) 25
7. 27 cm3 8. 10 cm3 9. 41 cm3 4
c. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49
d. 16 = (4 x 4) 25 = (5 x 5) 10. 24 cm3
36 = (6 x 6) 49 = (7 x 7)
e. Square numbers
f. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 Answers to Chapter 18
14. a. 5 b. 14 c. i) 30 ii) 55 1. 21000, 20105, 20009, 19780, 19099, 19000
d. 204 2. a. 21060 b. 65400
3. a. Twenty four thousand and eighty
Answers to Chapter 16 b. Eighty thousand three hundred and two
Ex 1 c. Seven thousand and five
d. Eighty nine thousand and fifty seven
1. a. cube b. cuboid 4. thousand
c. cone d. cylinder 5. a. 79100 b. 139,000
e. squared based pyramid 6. a. 24 b. 3 c. 21
f. sphere g. triangular prism 7. 11·72
2. a. cone b. cylinder 8. a. 0·37 b. 0·82 c. 0·07
c. triangular prism d. sphere 9. cm 513 cm 420 cm 609 cm
e. squared based pyramid m 5·13 m 4·2 m 6·09 m
f. cubes g. sphere m & cm 5 m 13 cm 4 m 20 cm 6 m 9 cm
h. cuboid 10. a. £1·72 b. Check list
3. a. 6 b. square 11. a. 100 b. 62 c. 126 d. 14
c. 8 d. 12 e. 860 f. 440 g. 166 h. 140
e. horizontal 12. a. 6427 b. 21·86 c. 5749 d. 3·28
f. i)ii) PQorSR 13. a. 120 b. 25 c. 60 d. 1260
g. AD, PS, QR 14. a. 370 b. 52000 c. 60300 d. 8·1
h. BQ, CR, DS (vertical e. 4·37 f. 3·2 g. 9·7 h. 590
i. Check list 15. a. 42·21 b. 192·15 c. 4·66 d. 0·17
4. a. 6 b. rectangles (and squares) 16. a. 80 b. 700 c. 6050 d. 20
c. 8 d. 12 e. HG, VT, RS 17. a. 600 b. 3700 c. 23700 d. 10000
f. FS, GT, HV g. EH, FG, ST, RV 18. a. 7 b. 60 c. 300 d. 950
h. Check list 19. a. 40 b. 90 c. 2500 d. 100
5. a. 5 b. 1 square 4 triangles 20. a. 600 b. 140 c. 2400 d. 140
c. 5 d. 8 e. Check list 21. a. 9, 11, 13 b. 21, 24, 27

TEEJAY PUBLISHERS
Teejay Publishers
This textbook covers the entire content of 5-14
Level D and is meant to be completed in
approximately 1 year.
It includes a Chapter Zero, which consists of an
in-depth look at every strand in Level C. in
preparation for a sound start to Level D.
Extension materials in photocopiable form are
available to enhance the course for those Pupils
coping well with the textbook exercises.
Homework Exercises, Revision work and
Assessments, in photocopiable form, are also
available for use in class and at home.
P.O. Box 1375

Barrhead
Glasgow G78 1JJ
e-mail:
[email protected]
web-site:
www.teejaypublishers.co.uk
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TEEJAY PUBLISHERS

Produced by members of the TeeJay Writing Group

T. Strang (P.T. Mathematics - Clydebank High School)

Tel: 0141 880 6839

© TeeJay Publishers 2004

Any person or organisation who makes unauthorised copies of any part

• It should prepare pupils to sit maths level D national test, or equivalent,

We make no apologies for the multiplicity of colours used throughout the

Tom Strang and Jim Geddes

* Diagnostic Assessments for levels B to E included in Homework Pack.

1. Write the following in words :-

2. Write the following in figures :-

3. Put the following numbers in order starting with the largest :–

4. What does the 7 stand for in each of the following :–

5. a What is the number that is 50 up from 6370 ?

6. Copy and complete this sentence

7. Find the missing values here :–

9. When Alex did a MONEY sum on

this is Chapter Zero page 1 REVISION of LEVEL C

11. a I bought a magazine for £1·75 and

12. Do the following mentally (just write down your answers) :-

13. Copy down the following and find :–

15. Do the following mentally (just write down your answers) :-

16. Copy down the following and find :–

17. Round the following numbers to the nearest 10 :–

this is Chapter Zero page 2 REVISION of LEVEL C

21. Copy the following function machines and

22. How many grams are in :–

23. Estimate the volume of liquid

this is Chapter Zero page 3 REVISION of LEVEL C

26. A good estimate for the length of this line is :–

27. What numbers are represented by the arrows shown below ?

10 20 30 100 200 300

28. 2·50 pm means 10 to 3 in the afternoon.

29. How long is it from :–

30. 2nd May 1987 can be written as 02.05.87.

31. a My wedding anniversary was on the 25th June.

this is Chapter Zero page 4 REVISION of LEVEL C

33. Name the blue shape in each of the following :–

34. Use a pair of compasses to draw a full 4 cm

35. You meet a man when

Describe clearly what

this is Chapter Zero page 5 REVISION of LEVEL C

37. a Make an accurate drawing of the following 2 shapes on squared paper.

38. This diagram shows a RIGHT ANGLE.

39. State the special name used to

40. Calculate the size of the red shaded

this is Chapter Zero page 6 REVISION of LEVEL C

42. The database shows the results

43. Children were asked to name their favourite breakfast cereal.

Cereal Corn Flakes Frosties Sugar Puffs Weetabix Rice Crispies

Use a ruler to draw

Corn Flakes Frosties

this is Chapter Zero page 7 REVISION of LEVEL C

1. What do the following digits stand for in the number 3471 :-

2. What does the 5 stand for in each of these numbers :-

3. Write the following numbers out fully in words :-

4. Write the following numbers using digits :-

5. Put the following sets of numbers in order, smallest first :-