TLE9 Q1WK2 Mod2 Nail Services Apply Hand Treatment
TLE9 Q1WK2 Mod2 Nail Services Apply Hand Treatment
TLE9 Q1WK2 Mod2 Nail Services Apply Hand Treatment
DIVINA B. MALOOM
Teacher III
Schools Division of the City of Batac
TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD
Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 9
Compiled and Repackaged Module
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Apply Hand Treatment
First Edition, 2020
Janeth T. Rabanal
Marlene C. Castillo
Marlene C. Castillo
Office Address: 16S Quiling Sur, City of Batac, 2906 Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Telephone No: (077) 677-1993
Website: www.csdbatac.com
E-mail: [email protected]
Introductory Message
Welcome to the TLE 9 Compiled and Repackaged Module on Nail Care Services!
Particularly, this module hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
fun-filled learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills and the four livelihood skills for survival – the 4As
(agtagibalay, agtaraken, agmula, agliwliwa), which are considered very vital in surviving any
crisis.
To achieve the above objectives, the facilitators and learners need to be guided by the
following reminders:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in this module.
3. Read the direction/s carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. You are given 4 days to accomplish this lesson.
7. Return this module to your teacher or facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will become an active learner and you will
experience meaningful learning and gain deeper understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!
What I Need to Know
This module was compiled and repackaged for you to learn more about Nail Care
Services Grade 9.
After going through this module, you are expected to perform hand spa.
Have fun and get involved with the activities. Enjoy your journey. Good luck!
1
Lesson
Benefits of Spa Treatment
1
What I Know
Before you will start to explore this lesson, let us determine your stock knowledge about
the nature of spa treatment. Try this test.
I. Direction. Write true if the statement is correct and false if it is incorrect. Write your
answers in your activity notebook.
1. Spa treatment in nail care deals with the treatment of the hands and feet only.
2. Hand Spa is only for the rich and can afford individuals.
3. By looking at your nails, a doctor may find indications that may be associated with lung
disease, skin problems, diabetes, and other medical conditions.
4. It is the responsibility of the nail technician to remind you of making your nails look good,
neat, and clean.
5. A thorough cleaning, spa, and moisturization will exfoliate ones’ skin and maintain a
vigorous glow of the hands.
6. The inability to avail the spa treatment in nail care means neglecting the health benefits of
the spa.
7. Any type of spa treatment is beneficial to the well-being of an individual in terms of health
and peace of mind.
8. Hand massage is good only for people who have health problems.
9. Manicure services are not advisable if a client has already been applied to a spa treatment.
10. A spa treatment is not advisable for persons with poor blood circulation.
II. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer
among the choices given below and write your answers on your test booklet.
2
5. Which is the reason why callouses appear in hands?
A. Friction of the skin
B. Irregular hand washing
C. Too much washing of hands
What’s In
You have learned from the past lesson, the importance of taking good care of your
nails. It’s everyone’s concern to make one’s nails look good, neat, and clean. For instance,
when the doctor examines your nails, he or she is checking your blood circulation. By looking
at your nails, a doctor may find indications that may be associated with lung disease, skin
problems, diabetes, and other medical conditions. Your nail is in the know! This means that
the nails are potent indicators of certain health conditions.
What’s New
Today, you will discover further the world of hand spa treatment as one of the ways to
take good care of your hands and nails. Try to answer the activity below as an energizer.
Trivia Box
Directions. Inside the box are jumbled letters which correspond to the topic to be discussed
in this lesson. Arrange them accordingly. Then, analyze the meaning of the statement
below and write your answers in the boxes after each statement (each box corresponds to
one letter). Copy and write your answers in your activity notebook.
1. A thorough cleaning, spa, and moisturization designed to exfoliate your skin and
maintain a vigorous glow of the hands.
2. The hard, smooth layer or cover that guards the upper part of the end of a finger.
3
What Is It
What do you mean by benefit? Benefit is something that is gained or helpful results
that promote well-being.
On the other hand, what is hand treatment? Hand treatment is a procedure done by
trained staff to remove dead cells and callous from the hands.
What is hand spa? Hand Spa is the process of hand relaxation, cleaning and
manicuring. It helps remove dead cells and callous. Callous appear on hands because of the
constant friction of the skin to the materials they use. It also replenishes, restore and
rejuvenate naturally tired hands.
Once you learned the theories and applications about hand spa, this could be your
stepping stone to augment personal income. This activity can be performed at home.
The following cautions should be considered in mind when performing paraffin wax
hand treatment;
It is for external use only. Never heat it up in the microwave since it is flammable
Never heat the paraffin wax directly in the stove or electric burner.
Always test the temperature out before putting your feet or hands to avoid burns
due to high heat.
Do not continue with the hand spa treatment if there are signs of infection.
Spa treatment is not advisable for persons with poor blood circulation .
4
What’s More
If there are benefits of hand treatment, there are also cautions to safeguard the health
of the clients. Try to answer this activity to internalize the concept.
Heart to Heart
Directions. Write inside the first heart the benefits of hand treatment and on the second heart,
write also the cautions you need to consider before performing the services.
Copy and answer in your activity notebook. Refer to the rubrics given.
Benefits
Cautions
Rubrics
Wait, there are more to learn learners! Hand Treatment is accompanied by a hand
massage and it is one of the best benefits that a client will gain from the services. Below are
procedures in performing a hand massage. So, read, understand, and practice the massage
strokes.
5
Procedure in Hand Massage
6
Hand Massage is Fun!
Directions. Find a partner at home and practice the above massage strokes as shown in the
procedure. Record your performance through or photos as evidence to be
submitted to your teacher. If you do not have an electronic gadget to record your
demonstration. You may write your reflection of your performance in your activity
notebook with a minimum of two paragraphs. (Watch this video online to have a
better idea of the demonstration technique, https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=p8WgP14V2bo.)
Rubrics
Complete Me!
Directions: Complete the paragraph by writing the missing word/s about hand spa. Write your
answers on your test booklet.
HAND SPA is the process of ____ relaxation, ______and manicuring. It helps remove ___
cells and callouses. _____ appear on hands because of the constant friction of the skin to the
7
materials being used. This is a treatment performed by professionally trained staff and is done
to replenish, _______ restore and rejuvenate naturally tired hands.
Now that you have learned the benefits of hand treatment, you are now ready to share
your understanding of the concept learned. Answer the activity below to assess your learning.
Refer to the rubrics given.
Expanding Opinions
Directions. Answer briefly and precisely the following questions in your activity notebook.
Refer to the rubrics given.
1. What are the benefits of a paraffin hand/foot spa? How does it affect the wellbeing of
a person?
2. What are the benefits of hand massage in a hand spa treatment?
3. Why is it important to consider the cautions when performing a hand spa treatment?
Rubrics
8
What I Can Do
One last thing you have to do is to answer the activity below and you’re almost done.
Directions. Interview one of your family members, relatives, or friends who have experienced
a hand spa treatment before. Follow the order of your interview based on the
following questions below. Document your interview and write it in your activity
notebook. Refer to the rubrics given.
1. When and where did you have a hand spa treatment activity?
2. Why do you like to have a hand spa treatment?
3. Will you describe your experience, including the process that the salon employee
performed the services?
4. Were you satisfied with the services? What benefits were you able to gain from the
experience?
5. Will you recommend it to anyone who has not experienced it, or not?
Rubrics
9
Assessment
Congratulations learners! Take the post-test to evaluate your learning and you’re
finally done.
I. Direction. Write true if the statement is correct and false if it is incorrect. Write your answers
in your activity notebook.
1. Spa treatment in nail care deals with the treatment of the hands and feet only.
2. Hand Spa is only for the rich and can afford individuals.
3. By looking at your nails, a doctor may find indications that may be associated with lung
disease, skin problems, diabetes, and other medical conditions.
4. It is the responsibility of the nail technician to remind you of making your nails look good,
neat, and clean.
5. A thorough cleaning, spa, and moisturization will exfoliate ones’ skin and maintain a
vigorous glow of the hands.
6. The inability to avail the spa treatment in nail care means neglecting the health benefits of
the spa.
7. Any type of spa treatment is beneficial to the well-being of an individual in terms of health
and peace of mind.
8. Hand massage is good only for people who have health problems.
9. Manicure services are not advisable if a client has already been applied with a spa
treatment.
10. Spa treatment is not advisable for persons with poor blood circulation.
II. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer
among the choices given below and write your answers on your test booklet.
1. Which is not a benefit of hand spa?
A. Helps de-stress B. Promotes better sleep C. Relaxes the feet
10
Additional Activity
Directions. Write a minimum of one paragraph reflection about the benefits of spa treatment
in nail care. Cite the knowledge you gained in this lesson. Write your answers in your activity
notebook.
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________.
Rubrics
11
Lesson
Types of Spa Treatment
2
What I Know
I. Directions. Match the items in column A with the correct answer in column B.
Column A Column B
____ 1. Ice Cream Spa a. includes either a clear polish or toenail
buffing
____ 2. Stone Spa b. involves massaging with hot stones
____ 3. Mud Mask Spa c. application of mask made of clay on
hands / feet
____ 4. “Salus per Aquae” d. application of chocolate foot soak
____ 5. Paraffin Wax Spa e. uses melted paraffin wax
____ 6. Salt and Sugar Spa f. featuring a grape-seed scrub
____ 7. Spa g. health through water
____ 8. Chocolate Spa h. uses a bath ball which look like ice
cream
____ 9. Champagne or Wine Spa i. a therapeutic treatment for hand and
feet
____10. Athletic Spa j. uses sugar and salt to exfoliate
II. Direction. Multiple Choice. Choose only the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answer in your activity notebook.
1. Which of the following is a type of spa treatment in nail care?
A. Facial treatment C. Paraffin wax
B. Body massage D. Lemon Spa
2. It is a treatment for hands and feet that eliminates dead skin, moisturizes skin, shapes,
and treats clients’ nails.
A. Massage C. Manicure
B. Foot Scrub D. Spa
12
3. What facts would you select to show how important are cleaning and sanitizing in the
salon?
A. Cleaning on a regular basis reduces the risks of having asthma.
B. Cleaning removes any dirt or grease, but will not kill all bacteria or other pathogens
than disinfecting.
C. Regular cleaning does not prevent the spread of illnesses like athlete’s foot,
pinworms, and more serious diseases.
D. Older equipment may have nooks and crannies where dirt and bacteria can hide,
which can be difficult to clean effectively.
4. In keeping the workplace ready for the next treatment activity, what should be done
first?
A. Clean and sanitize the tools, equipment, and the surface area of the workplace.
B. Dispose of metal implements and replace with a new one.
C. Prepare the magazine and snacks.
D. Wipe with alcohol the metal tools and equipment.
5. The safety of the client is one of the best priorities in the salon. Which of the following
practices below is the best prevention to avoid product contamination?
A. reuse the remaining product between clients.
B. put the product to be used into a disposable or used a service cup.
C. use an applicator bottle or dropper to apply the product.
D. use single-use disposable implements to remove products from containers for
application.
What’s In
Can you still recall the meaning of Spa Treatment? Indeed, previously, you have
learned that a spa in nail care is an improved form of the regular treatment of manicure and
pedicure and usually includes one of the following: paraffin dip, mask and mud, or seaweed
treatment. It is an effective and relaxing technique that satisfies all the physical and
psychological demands of the hand and feet.
13
What’s New
The spa is a level up service for people who want a difference in their nail care
experience, not just a plain manicure and pedicure.
What do you see in the picture above? It’s one of the equipment in performing a hand
spa treatment, a hand spa machine, or paraffin heater. In your previous lesson, it is used to
remove callous and dead cells of the hands or feet with the heated and melted paraffin wax
at an appropriate temperature and then applied to the desired area.
Do you want to know more about the spa and the other types of hand treatment? Then
you have to read the next information to follow.
What Is It
According to “The History of Spa’s” by Brown 2018, the word “SPA” is a short form of
Latin phrase “Salus per aquae” which means health through water. This treatment has
beneficial effects on the whole body and mind. A spa is a treatment for hands and feet that
eliminates dead skin, moisturizes skin; shapes, and treats clients’ nails. A beautiful addition in
spa manicures and pedicures is the calf and lower arms long massage.
In this lesson, you will learn the different types of a spa in nail care.
A. Paraffin Wax Spa. This is a wonderful, rather a perfect treatment for dry, rough skin,
helping to reveal smooth skin underneath.
Procedure
1. Start with sanitizing the hands with soap and water.
2. Dip both hands and feet or apply the paraffin wax with paraffin brush into the
melted wax and remove. Allow the wax to cool completely and set.
3. Peel off the cold set wax.
14
4. Wipe the hand and feet with a warm, moist towel and then massage hands
or feet with lotion.
B. Mud mask spa. A mud mask is similar to a face mask, but applied on hands or feet. It
helps to remove the dead skin and to relax sore feet and hands. It puts life back into
tired hands and feet. It softens calluses and neglected skin.
Procedure
1. Start with an exfoliation using a scrubbing cream.
2. Always moisturize the feet after exfoliation is completed
3. Apply mask made of clay on hands/feet
4. Once it is dry, remove the mask from the hands or feet.
5. Rinse and dry it properly.
C. Salt and Sugar Spa. This spa exfoliates and moisturizes the skin and removes dirt from
hands and feet.
Procedure
1. Apply basic treatment of manicure and pedicure
2. Use salt or sugar with a moist hand to scrub the skin, instead of using
scrubbing cream.
D. Special Variants of Spa. These treatments range from a simple sea-salt scrub, to skin
peels and callus removal, masks, aromatherapy, flowers, and fruit treatments.
1. Stone spa. This type of pedicure involves oil being massaged into the feet
and lower legs with hot stones.
3. Flower Petal Float Spa. Soak the hands and feet in a basin filled with rose
petals, valued for their moisturizing and mood-elevating benefits. The client
relaxes as the petals are bathed over the hands/feet with lotion, massaged
into the muscles for a fragrant sensation.
15
5. Athletic Spa. This spa is quite similar to a regular pedicure for either gender.
It contains either a clear polish or toenail buffing. Usually, the fragrant used
will be more freshening, such as peppermint, cucumber, or eucalyptus.
6. Chocolate Spa. A spa that may include a chocolate foot soak, chocolate
foot Mask, or chocolate moisturizing lotion.
7. Margarita Spa. It is a normal spa that includes a salt scrub and soaking
water with fresh limes. It may also include lime-based massage oil and
moisturizer.
8. Ice Cream Spa. A spa where a “bath ball”, which looks like a scoop of ice
cream, is chosen. The soak is followed by a foot scrub topped with whipped
moisturizing lotion. Red nail polish simulates the ice cream’s cherry.
What’s More
How are you, learners? Did you learn the different types of spa treatment? It’s amazing
how spa treatments could be relaxing and pampering for the hands and feet. Whatever type
of spa treatment a person will experience, the important is the satisfaction earned from the
services.
You have to remember that your hands are the tools of your body. For tools to work
properly, they have to be carefully looked after. Without your hands, your activities will be
limited. The reason why you should take extra care of your hands and even your feet so that
they feel brand new. The reason why a lot of people love to go to the spa.
Spa to Essay
Directions. In your activity notebook, answer the following questions. Refer to the
rubrics given.
1. What are the different types of spa treatment in nail care? Explain each in one
sentence.
2. Among the different types of a spa treatment, what do you think is the best type of spa
to experience? Why?
3. Why do you think people like to have a spa treatment?
16
Your Thoughts Matter
Directions: In not more than 5 sentences, explain why hand spa is beneficial to the body.
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Rubrics
Dimension Fair Good Very Good
10 points 15 points 20 points
Learners were able Learners were able Learners were able to
Knowledge to convey limited to convey a few convey several ideas
and ideas on the topic ideas on the topic on the topic with a
understanding with little knowledge with some degree of good degree
knowledge of knowledge
Work was prepared Work was prepared Work was prepared
and planned with and planned with and planned with
Accuracy
little effectiveness some effectiveness considerable
effectiveness
Learners put little or Learners put some Learners put full
Effort no effort into this effort into this activity. effort into this
activity. activity.
Directions. Write a (star) symbol if the statement is true or telling correct facts and
(inverted triangle) if it is false or giving incorrect information about nail care spa treatment.
Write your answers in your activity notebook.
____ 1. In the old times, the spa is regarded with its meaning as health through water.
____ 2. Paraffin wax treatment is the only treatment for removing callous and dead cells.
____ 3. A spa in nail care is a treatment for hand and feet that eliminates dead skin, shapes,
and treats clients’ nails.
____ 4. Ice cream spa is using a scoop of ice cream followed with a foot scrub topped
with whipped moisturizing lotion.
____ 5. The athletic spa is a type of mud mask spa similar to a regular pedicure which
includes either a clear polish or toenail buffing.
17
What I Have Learned
Now that you know how important to take steps in taking good care of one’s hands and
nails, you are ready to impart your knowledge by answering the activity below. Write your
answers in your activity notebook.
1. A beautiful addition in spa manicures and pedicures is the calf and lower arms long
____________.
2. Your hands are _______ of your body and for them to work properly, they have to be
carefully looked after.
3. Spa treatment in nail care is beneficial not just to the hands and ____ but to the mind
and body as well.
4. Milk or any cream will help ____________ the skin and sliced peaches in the bath will
make the client feel very relaxed in peaches and cream spa.
5. This type of pedicure involves oil being massaged into the feet and lower legs with
______ stones.
II. Directions. Select three out of ten types of spa treatment that you think you would
like to experience as a client in any prestigious salon someday. Explain
why. Then, refer to the rubrics given.
Rubrics
18
Dimension Fair Good Very Good
10 points 15 points 20 points
knowledge of knowledge
Work was prepared Work was prepared Work was prepared
and planned with and planned with and planned with
Accuracy
little effectiveness some effectiveness considerable
effectiveness
Learners put little or Learners put some Learners put full effort
Effort no effort into this effort into this activity. into this activity.
activity.
What I Can Do
Good job, learners! You have come this far. One more activity and you’re done.
Directions. Describe the method used on the following types of spa. Write
only one statement per type of spa treatment. Write your answers in your activity
notebook. Refer to the rubrics given.
Rubrics
19
Assessment
I. Directions. Match column A with the correct answer in column B and write your
answers in your activity notebook.
Column A Column B
____ 1. Ice Cream Spa a. includes either a clear polish or toenail buffing
____ 2. Stone Spa b. involves massaging with hot stones
____ 3. Mud Mask Spa c. application of a mask made of clay on hands /
feet
____ 4. “Salus per Aquae” d. application of like ice cream chocolate foot soak
____ 5. Paraffin Wax Spa e. uses melted paraffin wax
____ 6. Salt and Sugar Spa f. featuring a grape-seed scrub
____ 7. Spa g. health through water
____ 8. Chocolate Spa h. uses a bath ball which looks like a scoop of ice
cream
____ 9. Champagne or Wine Spa i. a therapeutic treatment for hand and feet
____10. Athletic Spa j. uses sugar and salt to exfoliate
II. Directions. Multiple Choice. Choose and write only the letter of the
correct answer.
2. It is a treatment for hands and feet that eliminates dead skin, moisturizes skin, shapes,
and treats clients’ nails.
A. Massage C. Manicure
B. Foot Scrub D. Spa
3. What facts would you select to show how important are cleaning and sanitizing in the
salon?
A. Cleaning regularly reduces the risk of having asthma.
B. Cleaning removes any dirt or grease, but will not kill all bacteria or other
pathogens than disinfecting.
C. Regular cleaning does not prevent the spread of illnesses like athlete’s foot,
pinworms, and more serious diseases.
D. Older equipment may have nooks and crannies where dirt and bacteria can hide,
which can be difficult to clean effectively.
4. In keeping the workplace ready for the next treatment activity, what should be done first?
A. Clean and sanitize the tools, equipment, and surface area of the workplace.
B. Dispose of metal implements and replace with a new one.
C. Prepare the magazine and snacks.
D. Wipe with alcohol the metal tools and equipment.
20
5. The safety of the client is one of the best priorities in the salon. Which of the following
practices below is the best prevention to avoid product contamination?
A. re-use the remaining product between clients.
B. put the product to be used into a disposable or used service cup.
C. use an applicator bottle or dropper to apply the product.
D. use single-use disposable implements to remove products from containers for
application.
Additional Activity
Directions. Write a one-paragraph reflection about the growth of beauty salon industries
offering spa services based on your observation from what you’ve seen on television, heard
in radio or read in magazines. Cite the new trends of today with regards to spa services. Then,
conclude the relevance of the business to the people. Refer to the
rubrics given.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________.
Rubrics
Effort Students put little or Students put some Students put full
no effort into this effort into this activity. effort into this
activity. activity.
21
22
II. Refer to the rubrics given What Is It, continuation LESSON 2
Answers may vary depending on d. Special Variants of Spa. What I Know (Pre-test)
the learners’ responses These treatments range from a I.
simple sea-salt scrub, to skin 1. L 6. D
What I Can Do peels and callus removal, masks, 2. G 7. K
Refer to the rubrics given aroma therapy, flowers, and fruit 3. A 8. H
treatments. 4. C 9. D
Additional Activity
2. Answers may vary 5. B 10. B
Refer to the rubrics given
3. People love the spa treatment II.
as a form of relaxation and 1. C
Assessment acquiring health benefits. 2. D
I. 3. B
1. L 6. D What’s More 4. A
2. G 7. K 5. D
3. A 8. H 1.
2. What Is It
4. C 9. D
1. a. Paraffin Wax Spa. This is a
5. B 10. B 3. wonderful, rather a perfect
II. 4. treatment for dry, rough skin,
1. C 5. helping to reveal a smooth skin
2. D
underneath.
3. B
What I Have Learned b. Mud mask spa. A mud mask
4. A
I. is similar to a face mask, but
5. D
1. massage applied on hands or feet. It helps
2. tools to remove the dead skin and to
3. feet relax sore feet and hands.
4. moisturize c. Salt and Sugar Spa. This spa
5. hot exfoliates and moisturizes the
skin and removes dirt from hands
and feet.
What I Have Learned, What Is It, continuation LESSON 1
continuation Cautions What I Know (Pre-test)
2. Hand massage reduces hand Never heat the paraffin wax
pain, less anxiety, better directly in the stove 1. True 6. False
mood, Always test the temperature 2. False 7. False
improves sleep, greater grip out before putting your 3. True 8. False
strength and increases blood hands/feet. 4. False 9. False
circulation 5. True 10. True
Do not continue with the
3. The cautions in hand spa hand spa treatment if there What’s New
treatment prevents accidents are signs of infection
like health problems, burns, Spa treatment is not 1. Hand Treatment
and even death due to advisable for persons with 2. Finger Nail
disregarding the warnings. poor blood circulation. 3. Nail Technician
(Answers may vary)
What’s More What Is It
What I Can Do
Refer to rubrics given Refer to the rubrics given
Benefits
Answers may vary depending on Answers may vary depending on
Replenish, restore, pamper tired
the learners ‘output of the the learners’ performance
hands, keep the nails looking
interview What I Have Learned healthy , strong and rejuvenate
Assessment 1. The benefits of hand spa tired hands, combat aging,
treatment includes, massage-reduced hand pain, less
1. True 6. False replenish, restore, pamper anxiety, better mood, improved
2. False 7. False
tired hands, keep the nails sleep, greater grip strength
3. True 8. False
looking healthy, strong and and increase in blood circulation
4. False 9. False
rejuvenate tired hands, Cautions
5. True 10. True combat aging. Aside its
Additional Activity For external use only
health benefits it also Never heat it up in the
Refer to the rubrics given
contributes to the success of microwave, it is flammable
a well-being of a person.
Answer Key
References
Brown, Anita. “The History of Spas” Trip Savvy, https://www.tripsavvy.com/history-of-spas-
3085930. March 22, 2018.
Chauhan, Praveen. “Hand and Foot Theory”, National Institute of Open Schooling (An
Autonomous Organisation Under Mhrd, Govt. of India).
https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/nsqf/hand%20and%20foot%20care%20theory.pdf.
Senior High School/ Beauty Care, Nail Care.” Paraffin Wax Treatment for Hands”, November
13, 2017, http://shsbeatycarenailcarelessons.blogspot.com/2017/11/steps-in-hand-spa-
treatment.html.
23
24