LECTURE 1

INTODUCTION TO
DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES

ENSC 017
DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES
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CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
• To define Engineering Mechanics and Classical Dynamics

• To introduce the concepts of position, displacement, and velocity.

• To analyze and solve constant velocity problems.

Lecture 1
Introduction
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INTRODUCTION
Engineering Mechanics is that branch of the physical sciences
concerned with the behavior of bodies subjected to the action of forces.
The subject of mechanics is divided into two parts:

• STATICS OF RIGID BODIES - the study of objects in equilibrium

(objects either at rest or moving with a constant velocity).

• DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES - the study of objects with accelerated

motion.

Lecture 1
Introduction
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DYNAMICS
Classical dynamics studies the motion of bodies using the principles
established by Newton and Euler. The subject of dynamics will be
presented in two parts:

• KINEMATICS - treats only the geometric aspects of the motion.

• KINETICS - analysis of forces causing the motion.

Lecture 1
Introduction
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Particle - has a mass but negligible size and shape.

Position - the position of the particle is represented by a algebraic

scalar s.

Displacement - the displacement of the particle is a vector ∆r defined

as the change in the particle’s position vector ∆r.

Distance - ∆s is the amount of space an object or particle has covered

during its motion.

Velocity - the velocity of the particle is a vector. It is defined as the

time rate of change of displacement .

Lecture 1
Introduction
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VELOCITY
AVERAGE VELOCITY – is the displacement divided by time i.e.
𝒗𝒗=∆𝒓/∆𝒕

INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY – is the rate of change of position

anywhere along its path. 𝒗=𝒅𝒓/𝒅𝒕

AVERAGE SPEED – is the total distance divided by the total time

𝒗𝒔=∆𝒔/∆𝒕

SPEED – refers to the magnitude of velocity, written as |𝐯|=𝒅𝒔/𝒅𝒕

Lecture 1
Introduction
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CONSTANT VELOCITY PROBLEMS
DISTANCE = VELOCITY × TIME

Motion in water current or air current

Let:
x = velocity of boat/ airplane in still water/ air
y = velocity of the water/ air

x + y = velocity when going downstream/ with the wind

x – y = velocity when going upstream/ against the wind

Lecture 1
Introduction
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CONSTANT VELOCITY PROBLEMS
DISTANCE = VELOCITY × TIME

Motion in a circle or any closed circuit and starting from the

same point and the same time.

1. Going in the same direction:

sfaster – sslower = 1circuit

2. Going in opposite direction:

sfaster + sslower = 1circuit

Lecture 1
Introduction
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PROBLEM 1
If the speed of a racing car is increased by 20 kph, it will cover in 7
hours the same distance it can ordinarily cover in 8 hours. Calculate its
ordinary speed, in kph.

Lecture 1
Constant Velocity
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PROBLEM 2
Two cars compete in a race for a stretch of 1000 m. It took one car 130
seconds while the other, 110 seconds to reach the finish line. When the
faster car reached the finish line, calculate how far was the slower car
behind the faster car, in m.

Lecture 1
Constant Velocity
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PROBLEM 3
Two trains are running in the same direction on two parallel tracks. The
trains are 85 m and 65 m, respectively and running at 120 kph and 240
kph. If the trail end of the first train is 210 m ahead of the front end of
the second train, calculate the distance traveled by the first train from
the initial position until both trail ends of the two trains abreast each
other, in m.

Lecture 1
Constant Velocity
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PROBLEM 4
John can walk from his home to his office at the rate of 5 kph and back
at the rate of 2 kph. Calculate his average speed, in kph.

Lecture 1
Constant Velocity
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PROBLEM 5
A particle moves due north of 50 m for 3 seconds before moving 100 m
for 10 seconds due west. Calculate the average velocity and average
speed, in m/s.

Lecture 1
Constant Velocity
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PROBLEM 6
John drove his car on his way home from office due east for 130 seconds
at a length of 1.5 km. He then decided to turn left to avoid the
obstruction along the road for a length of 500 m for 60 seconds. Then
he took a turn at S30°E for a length of 1.2 km for 150 seconds before
arriving on his home. Calculate his average velocity.

Lecture 1
Constant Velocity
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PROBLEM 7
A motorboat can travel 4 km upstream in the same time it can travel 9
km downstream. If the velocity of the current is 8 kph, calculate the
velocity of the boat in still water, in kph.

Lecture 1
Constant Velocity
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PROBLEM 8
There is a track with a length of 120 meters and 2 people, A & B, are
running around it at 12 m/min and 20 m/min respectively in the same
direction. When will A and B meet for the first time?

Lecture 1
Constant Velocity
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PROBLEM 9
There is a track with a length of 120 meters and 2 people, A & B, are
running around it at 12 m/min and 20 m/min respectively in the same
direction. When will A and B meet at the starting point for the first time?

Lecture 1
Constant Velocity
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Lecture 1
Introduction