Demo-1(04-01-2024) ORACLE

================= ========
- In IT field we are interacting two types of applications those are,
1. Front End Applications
2. Back End Applications

1. Front End Applications:

=====================
- It is an application where the end-users are interacting directly.
- Examples of front end forms / applications:
- Register Forms
- Login Forms
- Change Password forms
- View Forms,...................etc
Ex: UI technologies(HTML,CSS,JavaScript,Angular JS,React JS,....etc)

2. Back End Applications:

=====================
- It is an application where we will store data / information of
a particular organization / company.
- Examples of back end forms / applications:
- Databases.
Ex: DB technologies(Oracle,SQLserver,MySQL,DB2,PostgreSQL,....etc)

Server:
======
- The role of server is taking request from a client,processing a request
and response to a client application.
Ex: Java(jsp),.Net(asp.net),....etc

What is Oracle?
=============
- it is a DB software / a Backend tool / a RDBMS product / a ORDBMS(module).

Why need Oracle Database?

=======================
- Data storages
- Data retrival (reading)
- Data integrity (validations)
- Data security
- Data indexing (getting data fastly)
- Data consistency / Data Redundency(avoiding duplicates)

Where we want to user oracle database:

===================================
- oracle database can use in:
> Banking applications
> HR-management system applications
> Educational management system applications
> Hospital management system applications
> Sales & Production applications
> Transport system applications,.........etc

What is pre-requisites for oracle course:

==================================
- No

Who want to learn this oracle course:

================================
 - Any person / Any platform
Ex: Java,Python,Testing,AWS,Devops,DS,PowerBI,Informatica,OracleDBA

What about oracle jobs:

=====================
- Oracle developer
- SQL developer
- DB developer
- PL/SQL programmer
==================================================================
05-01-2024: ORACLE COURSE CONTENT & SCHEDULE
========= ====================================

Course Name : ORACLE19c

Duration : 50 - 60 sessions
Time : 11.15am to 12.45pm(1.30 hrs class session + 15 min doubts session)
Mode Type : Offline & Online

ORACLE COURSE CONTENT:

========================
Topic-1 : DBMS
Topic-2 : ORACLE TOOL
Topic-3 : SQL (static query)
Topic-4 : PL/SQL
Topic-5 : Dynamic SQL

What about notes:

================
- Every day topic wise class notes(.txt) through "google class room".

End of the course:

================
- Complete oracle material(.pdf).
- IQ's (100+)
- Booklet Examples(300+)+Class Examples(200+) = 500+ examples on oracle
database
- Resume models (Frsh+Exp)
- Oracle course certificate from Nareshit management
=====================================================================
06-01-2024: Topic-1 : DBMS
========== ================

What is Data ?
============
- it is a rawfact(i.e numbers,characters,symbols and special char's).
- data never give any meaningfull statements.

Ex:
1001 is data SMITH is data
1002 is data MILLER is data
1003 is data WARNER is data

What is Information?
==================
- processing data is called as "Information".
- information is always give meaningfull statements.

Ex: Customer_ID Customer_NAME

=========== ==============
 1001 SMITH
1002 MILLER
1003 WARNER

What is Database ?
===============
- it is a collection of inter-related data / information.
Ex:
Inter-related data / information
==========================
no customers = no products
no products = no customers

no employees = no departments
no departments = no employees

Types of Databases?
==================
- there two types of databases in realtime.
1. OLTP(online transaction processing)
2. OLAP(online analytical processing)

1. OLTP:
=======
- these databases are used for storing "day-to-day" transactional
information.
Ex: oracle,sqlserver,mysql,db2,postgresql,......etc

2. OLAP:
========
- these databases are used for storing "historical data / information".(i.e
Bigdata)
Ex: datawarehouse

What is DBMS?
=============
- it is a software which is used to manage and mantain data/information
with the database.
- by using DBMS s/w we can perform the following operations are,
> creating database memory
> creating tables
> inserting data
> updating data
> selecting data
> deleting data
- it will act as an interface between user and database.
User <------> DBMS s/w <------> Database

Models of DBMS?
==============
- there are three types of models in DBMS.
i) Hierarchical Database Management System(HDBMS)
Ex: IMS s/w (information management system)
ii) Network Database Management System(NDBMS)
Ex: IDBMS s/w(integrated database management system)

NOTE:
=====
- HDBMS,NDBMS models are outdated in realtime.
iii) Relational Database Management System(RDBMS):
==============================================
- it again two modules those are,
i) Object Relational Database Management System(ORDBMS):
====================================================
- data can be stored in the form of "Table".
a Table : collection of rows & columns.
a Row : group of columns
- a row can be called as "record / tuple / row".
- a column can be called as "attribute / field / columns".
- these databases are completly depends on "SQL"
so that these databases are also called as "SQL Databases".
Ex: Oracle,SQLserver,Mysql,Db2,Postgresql,Sybase,.......etc.

ii) Object Oriented Database Management System(OODBMS):

===================================================
- data can be stored in the form of "Object".
- these databases are completly depends on "OOPS"
concept but not on "SQL".so that these databases
are also called as "NoSQL Databases".
Ex: MongoDB,Cassandra,.....etc
================================================================
09-01-2024 Topic-2 : ORACLE
========= ================
- Oracle is a RDBMS product(ORDBMS module) which was introduced
by "Oracle corporation" in 1979.
- Oracle is used to store data / information permanently(i.e ROM)
along with security.
- The first version of oracle s/w is "oracle1.0" version.
> Oracle1.0
> Oracle2.0
> Oracle3.0
> Oracle4.0
> Oracle5.0
> Oracle6.0
> Oracle7.0
> Oracle8.0
> Oracle8i (internet)
> Oracle9i
> Oracle10g(grid technologie)
> Oracle11g
> Oracle12c(cloud technologie)
> Oracle18c
> Oracle19c(latest version)
> Oracle21c(very latest version)

Note:
=====
- if we want to deployee(i.e installation) oracle s/w then we need
a platform.

What is Platform:
==============
- it is a combination of operating system and micro-processor.

i) Platform Dependent:
===================
- it supports only one specific operating system with the
 combination of any micro-processor.
Ex: Cobal,Pascal,C,C++.

ii) Platform Independent:

=====================
- it supports any operating system with the
combination of any micro-processor.
Ex: Oracle,Java,Python,.Netcore,......etc

Note: Oracle is a platform independent product i.e it can install in any operating
system like Windows,Linux,Unix,Mac,Solaries,......etc

Types of oracle s/w editions:

=========================
- oracle s/w is available in two editions in realtime.
1. oracle express edition:
======================
- it supports partial features of oracle database.
Ex: recyclebin,flashback,purge,partition tables,....ect are
not allowed in this edition.

2. oracle enterprise edition:

=======================
- it supports all features of oracle database.
Ex: recyclebin,flashback,purge,partition tables,....ect are
allowed in this edition.

How to download oracle19c enterprise edition s/w:

==========================================
https://www.oracle.com/in/database/technologies/oracle19c-windows-downloads.html
STEP1: DOWNLOAD
STEP2: ZIP FOLDER
STEP3: UNZIP / EXTRACT
STEP4: FOLLOW THE FOLLOWING VIDEO

How to install oracle19c s/w in computer / system:

==========================================
- Once we installed oracle s/w internally system is installed two components
automatically those are,
i) Client component
ii) Server component

i) Client component:
=================
- by using client component / tool we can perform the following 3 operations
are,

Step1: User should connect to Oracle server.

Enter username : system(default username)
Enter password : tiger
connected.
Note: Username is not a case-sensitive but Password is a case-sensitive.

Step2: User send a request to Oracle server.

Request : SQL query (select,insert,update,delete,....etc)

Step3: User can get response from Oracl server.

Response : Result / Output
 Ex: SQLPlus(CUI),Toad(CUI+GUI),SQLDeveloper(CUI+GUI)

ii) Server component:

===================
- it contains two more sub-components those are,
i) Instance :
==========
- it is a temporary memory which is allocating by the system
from a RAM.
- data can be stored temporarly.

ii) Database:
===========
- it is a permanent memory which is allocating by the system
from a ROM(i.e Harddisk).
- data can be stored permanently.

Working with Oracle:

==================
- when we want to work on oracle database we need to follow the
following two steps procedure,
step1 : Connect
step2 : Communicate

Connect:
========
- when a user want to connect to oracle server we need a database tool
is called as "SQLPlus".

Communicate:
============
- when a user want to communicate with database we need a database
language is known as "SQL".

SQLPLUS vs SQL:
===============

SQLPLUS SQL
======== ====
1. it is a DB tool which was 1. it is DB language which was introduced
introduced by "oracle company". by "IBM".

2. it is used to connect to oracle 2. it is used to communicate with database.

server.

3. it will act as an Editor for 3. it have the following sub-languages

are
writing and executing SQL queries (DDL,DML,DQL/DRL,TCL,DCL) used to perform
& PL/SQL programs. some operations over database.

How to connect to Oracle server:

============================
> go to all programs
> open oracle-ora19Home1 folder
> click on SQLPlus icon
Enter user-name: system(default username)
Enter password: tiger (created at installation of oracle s/w)
connected.
Connectivity Problems:
====================
Problem-1:
=========
> click on SQLplus
Enter user-name: SYSTEM/TIGER
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error

Solution:
========
> go to services
> go to oracleserviceORCL and click on it
> select startup type : Automatic
> click on start button
> click on ok button
> click on SQLplus
Enter user-name: SYSTEM/TIGER
conneted.

Problem-2:
=========
> Click on SQLplus
Enter user-name: SYSTEM
Enter password: TIGER
ERROR:
ORA-28000: The account is locked.

Solution:
========
> Click on SQLplus
Enter user-name: \sys as sysdba (default username)
Enter password: sys (default password)
connected.

How to lock / unlock a user in oracle database:

=======================================
syntax:
======
ALTER USER <USERNAME> ACCOUNT LOCK / UNLOCK;

EX:
SQL> ALTER USER SYSTEM ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
User altered.

SQL> CONN
Enter user-name: SYSTEM/TIGER
Connected.

Problem-3:
=========
> Click on SQLplus
Enter user-name: \sys as sysdba (default username)
Enter password: sys (default password)

ERROR: Unable to connect to oracle server.

(or)
> Click on SQLplus
 Enter user-name: system (default username)
Enter password: tiger

ERROR: Unable to connect to oracle server.

Solution:
========
- Reinstallation of oracle s/w.

How to create a new username and password in oracle server:

=====================================================
syntax:
=======
CREATE USER <USERNAME> IDENTIFIED BY <PASSWORD>;

Ex:
> Open SQLplus
Enter user-name: SYSTEM/TIGER
connected.

SQL> CREATE USER MYDB11AM IDENTIFIED BY 123;

SQL> CONN
Enter user-name: MYDB11AM/123
ERROR:
ORA-01045: user MYDB11AM lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon denied

How to grant "connectivity" permission to user:

========================================
SQL> CONN
Enter user-name: SYSTEM/TIGER
connected.

syntax for connect permission:

==========================
GRANT <PRIVILEGE NAME> TO <USERNAME>;

EX:
SQL> GRANT CONNECT TO MYDB11AM;
Grant succeeded.

SQL> CONN
Enter user-name: MYDB11AM/123
Connected.

How to change a password for user:

==============================
EX:
SQL> PASSWORD
Changing password for MYDB11AM
Old password:123
New password:ABC
Retype new password:ABC
Password changed

SQL> CONN
Enter user-name: MYDB11AM/ABC
Connected.
How to re-create a new password for a user,if we forgot it:
=================================================
syntax:
======
ALTER USER <USERNAME> IDENTIFIED BY <NEW PASSWORD>;

EX:
SQL> CONN
Enter user-name: SYSTEM/TIGER
Connected.

SQL> ALTER USER MYDB11AM IDENTIFIED BY MYDB11AM;

User altered.

SQL> CONN
Enter user-name: MYDB11AM/MYDB11AM
Connected.

How to view a username if we forgot it:

=================================
syntax:
======
SELECT USERNAME FROM ALL_USERS;

EX:
SQL> CONN
Enter user-name: SYSTEM/TIGER

SQL> SELECT USERNAME FROM ALL_USERS;

How to drop / delete a user from oracle database:

==========================================
syntax:
=======
DROP USER <USER NAME> CASCADE;

EX:
SQL> CONN
Enter user-name: SYSTEM/TIGER
Connected.

SQL> DROP USER MYDB11AM CASCADE;

User dropped.

How to clear the screen:

=====================
syntax:
======
CL SCR;

How to disconnect / exit from oracle server:

=====================================
syntax:
=======
EXIT;
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