Student Book answers C6 Electrolysis

C6.1 Introduction to electrolysis

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1a breakdown of a compound by electricity 1
1b electrolyte 1
1c ionic 1
2
Cathode Anode
a zinc iodine 1
b lithium bromine 1
c iron fluorine 1
d sodium oxygen 1
e potassium chlorine 1

3 2NaCl(l) → 2Na(l) + Cl 2 (g) 3

4a CuCl 2 (aq) 1
AgNO 3 (aq) 1
4b Copper and silver are below hydrogen in the reactivity series. 1
5 solid: ions in fixed positions in giant lattice 1
molten / aqueous solution: ions free to move within liquid 1
and carry charge to oppositely charged electrode 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 1
 Student Book answers C6 Electrolysis

C6.2 Changes at the electrodes

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1
Cathode Anode
a lithium oxygen 1
b copper chlorine 1
c hydrogen oxygen 1

2ai lose electrons 1

2 a ii oxidation 1
2bi gain electrons 1
2 b ii reduction 1
3a 2Cl− → Cl 2 + 2e− 1
3b 2Br− → Br 2 + 2e− 1
3c Mg2+ + 2e− → Mg 1
3d Al3+ + 3e− → Al 1
3e K+ + e− → K 1
3f 2H+ + 2e− → H2 1
3g 2O2− → O 2 + 4e− 1
3h 4OH− → O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e− 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 2
 Student Book answers C6 Electrolysis

C6.3 The extraction of aluminium

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1a in solid, ions fixed in position in the giant lattice, 1
if molten, free to move so can move to electrodes 1
1b To lower melting point, 1
save / conserve / reduce cost of energy 1
2 Oxygen produced at the hot carbon anodes 1
reacts with the carbon to produce carbon dioxide, burning 1
away anodes.
3a cathode: Al3+ + 3e− → Al 2 1 mark for reactants. 1 mark for products.
anode: 2O2− → O2 + 4e− 2 1 mark for reactants. 1 mark for products.
3b O2− ions lose electrons, oxidised, 1
Al3+ ions gain electrons, reduced 1
4a heating aluminium oxide to decompose aluminium hydroxide 1
formed in the process,
melting aluminium oxide / cryolite mixture, 1
electrical energy in electrolysis 1
4b Aluminium ore is bonded to other elements in compounds 1
difficult to break down.
Aluminium could be extracted until electrical cells used to pass 1
electricity
through one of its molten compounds by electrolysis. 1
4c 13.5 tonnes 3

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 3
 Student Book answers C6 Electrolysis

C6.4 Electrolysis of aqueous solutions

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1 chlorine, 1
hydrogen, 1
sodium hydroxide solution 1
2 Cl 2 : bleaches damp blue litmus paper 1
H 2 : lighted splint burns with ‘pop’ 1
3a anode: 2Cl−(aq) → Cl 2 (g) + 2e− 3 1 mark for correct reactants. 1 mark for correct
products. 1 mark for correct state symbols.
3b cathode: 2H+(aq) + 2e− → H 2 (g) 3 1 mark for correct reactants. 1 mark for correct
products. 1 mark for correct state symbols.
4a molten sodium chloride → sodium metal + chlorine 1
sodium chloride solution → chlorine + hydrogen + sodium 1
hydroxide solution
4b Difference at cathode due to H+(aq) ions 1
from ionisation of water, 1
so hydrogen produced instead of sodium. 1
Solution formed from excess sodium ions and hydroxide ions 1
when H+(aq) ions and chloride ions discharged.
5 92.0 tonnes 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 4