s Data Gon muny cations pas Data Communi cabins ave tHe exchange oF data (re Ferry to information) betveen two clevicar via sone form of Kransrisin Wediuwr such aA 2 wire cable, This exchangs. ow sharvy oF infor mation | Con be local or ~emete. local - | local Communi cation wually oceuvs Fac to foce. Remate — Rewote Comment Catton toker place ower clistence , . The tern tele communi cabron whee inclu dea Telephony , tele grophy , ated: Belevision meahsS. Communt cat seupat ia distance (tele is Greek for “Fax” ). Oceuving of data comnunicabong: —_ ae ee ee ee Communic ating deveca must be pot of a Communteahion syste made up of a combinaten of hardware (Ph steal equipment.) and Software aChavockisties of effective Sots Chon, mh, The effechveness of a data hrm ow’ f th, syshem — depench Pur hawacting | wy 4A. Delivery - The systevr must cleliver dah 4 Correct cle shiv ochien . B Awuvesy — Tt system must deliver tedit. Pee 3. Timeliness — ie esses Th yy stem must cleliver Sate in a timely wauner. Data deliverd late axe useless. eS Sikcey = Jitter vefexs bo the Variation in the fockst axvivel time, Jb ish weven celay in deliv oF audio o Video packets, Exombl :— let Wo assume that ove sent even) Zo ns the packets arvive wa delay and otters with UheVen Ses lb. zs ality icles poke id Some df& Combowents of, dlata: comvunicafiun Syston, Jt hag Five Compo vrents i Rule IF Rig: | Protec Restocel [Raed ee Message Rule mt [Sender| Mediu [Reaiver) A. Message The metsage is the informatsu(dats) £. be communtcatect ocPopuler ferns of InSevwetren include text, numbers , pickuves , audia, anc video. c- Sender — The sendex is the clevice that Seuds the clata message . IE con be computer, Workstabien, tele phoue, Woleo Camera, and so on S Receiver as | Ese The wecetuce is the dewee thet Meceives the message It can be a compute, seein tele phowe television, aud so oh, He Treausyy ssiou Meclium re JE is the physical path by awo 5S. fretecel — omar dyeile ee oe Cece iy, an | Sone examples of trancmissrere Melia de purstect- Pal ae conned \ a message incl Fi bex- op bic cables and wadio wage a set of vuks that | fornication , a aw agNeement between 4, A protocel is govern late wep resents communicating glevices: | Without a protecel , fwo cdevites ma be Connected but not Communic oby, eet A perso speaking Feench Canot bel understood by a “Peters who speak only Japanese, Date Representation — Iufermation today govres [4 clifheed Forms Such as tert , number §, ing audio and video. Test - Jn data Communications, Bee / xe presented as a bit P cs Sequence of bits (0s ov 9 Difexat sets of bit paltsclesigued te Vepresent: tert Symbols, Foch “get? '¢ called “a tock. , and the Process of Vepvecendrag sy vabole ss calleel cocling , The. Bvcvalecd cocliwg system ts Calud Unteods which uses 32 bits to Mepvesert A Symbol ov character Used in ang language inh the world, The Ave Stand acl Gade tor Jufow mation Jnterchange” CASCIT), developecl Some checacle s ago m4 an United States, how Con hte tex fre Fst 127 Characters ju Unicode and (s als vefivwed hh as Base Lab” Nowbes — Nuvrbers Ore alse Ne pre serteel by | bit patterns, However, & Gcle such | as ASCIT jg pot usecl to dre pysted numbers} the number 7's Airvedtly OCouveviel to a biuay nunler to shaplify ‘wethivvadal operations, | Jrrages —_— a Drager ave alse vepresentecl b9 Ort | ieee i i its simplest form, ah image iss aComposeck ne a Voad oO % clevats) 1a Phe heve, i Where each pixel ts Cg, dot The size of the Plxef & aM) Beye cars = Sonne, hes 4 for example, an ina a | « ‘Jd Ce by ih d inte love pixels ily 4. Audio — Audio vets to the Ye Covel, bvoocl casting of sound ox eee Audis is ly nature ch'ffivent Fre. | text, Muwibert, orm frag fh je | Combi uous, not hicerete, ae | Video vefers to the Ye ovens ov broad casting oT oe picture or ravi, We com change vieleo te a obigitel ov an om aly Stgnal , | So Dake flow! — Communyeabin fefween Pwo clevites | Gon be Stwapky , half- duply. full-duphy ax shown in Fgh or focee PIXeL below, eA Direction of date | ae oust a. StnolexDirectron of 0 date at Hrd | icp $$ fst] —— Divan of a date at trud b: Half clupley Cc. Full duplex 4. Simplex —— Dn sivplex mode, the CnrMuncahta fr iP ’ unsdivetronal, as on a omer way Only ome of tHe two dewces on a link con transmit; The other Can only | strat, Ne ceve, Framph — Keg boards ancl mon fers | The keg boawel can only tutvocluce input, the wont» cn “only accept output , i Note: ~ The sivplx rede wn we Te capacity of the channel & clata IM one ie chish ,Half- Duplex = : 9 dw Nal f- cluplex Wode, each Stefi, both tvenswit and Yeceime , py ™ at th game time, a When ome eclevcee fe Semel; : “45 the opel con owly Neceive and View ec The hal f- chap lex wode is lhe ok i one. lawe “oat with breafre Alloweel th | both clivections, When | : CONS Ove Frou MW owe divection , Gas going th. oth, ¢ We'd must wait, . Note - a a half Auplex tvanswi'ssen , the entive capacity of ® channel 1's dik over by whrchaver of two clevrces ts transmitting at the tie, Me = Walkic- talker xorg Fall- Duplex = back Ap Ju Full- duplex wode also ta a boty Stodrous Can dronsnit and % Simultane oualy : Ersengle = The Fill lopli wed like a two-way Sheeet with . . tL te Flowing im beth chivechisna 2 Same hime, 3\\r Networks A network is a set of chui'cer (often “eTerved fo ar nods) connectecl by Cwrmunt catn links, A moda can be a Computer, Priuterjor any other clevice capabk of Sancling and. / ow ecciving clata genrvate by otter voces on the hetwork, Dretvvbuted Feocessing Jn destvv bute processing a tack is divi dad anong multiple Com puters - Instead of one Single loxge rachine bevy Nespousibla for all aspects ofa PrecessS , Sebavate Computers hance a Subseé. Netw Ceifavia — | A networks wut be abe bo net a Certain nuwmker of crite. These aves Reeformana — i ; i fax fermana can be meatare cl ih many. ways, incluckug transi -é tire aol 4 Vesponse tive. ] TWeonsit dive -fp the avount of Lire veguive cl for Message to braved 3Sse ome. clevice. be anuthey, | Reponie dere ft the ebapsict 4 befween an imguiy aud a ae | The per bow rrance of io Ne fworele ee ~ ley, hue of Facdevy | clepencl aero isclucting _ Wo the numer of ve haplche | W) the tape of transm'isy'on niall GU) the capabilihn of te Cohnated hud. @) and, the eruveng oF the Sof unr, CL. Reliabrleh _ Jn addilen to accuracy of clelver, network relea bs bity Is Measured by | _ th Frequeny of Failure a — the Live it taka a luk fo veovr Aor ae Fai luve — and the networks a cotastvophs . Sa Security — vobusthess Ve Netwserx Kk Security iosuexs eo - Protecting clata feeva unouthee? Access Kd os Protecting deta from clama i" — implmety policia and jfo we Cover row late losces., Le ‘ 2. Vy Ves of : Commection os A hetwor 1S tuo or move clewi'ces Commectadd Through links, A link fs a Communt ¢adrons pathway that Lyons Fevs clata from Che clevice. bo another, Ty pes of Gounechions + = oe foint-te- Rent — A poivt- to- point counection provides a dedicated Link betveen Lwo dewices, The eutive capacity of the Link 's Yeserved Fae Pvausns'saron between those two devices, Fran plat When yor change television channels by infraced vVermote coutvel , You ove establi's hing a poiwt- to poiut Cohne cfish between the Verte control and te televisous Gutoel systen,Malki poisst — : A mulks point Gonuechu 16 Che jy wal ay, than two speerfe clewices sheve o Singh Link. A Line Stet} tales? Mainfrarre Stotiu b. MulbpointErwre Detidion and Covendion oh. byipe t Dobe can be cocrsp tl during Crecrizion, Some abblic alfens tog isiee. thot evvers be dhded and corrected, “Vy of Borevtt Whawever bits Flu Fron one poiet ti wither, they ove subjed te tnpredictabl changes, becaure of juterfeeuce, Tit intirferese Con changs, Hs. shape & the signed. Gu a singh-bit erree, a O is toa ler a [| to a0, fea baeil oca, val tiph brits are changed. Singl. -Rit Feo ~ The teers singh. -bit ervey means that only | Git of a iven ata unt ss a x changeck fom | be 6 oF fen io tel. & Ja sigh. -Lit eee only IAL in Len data unit hac ch ayed- PAA — HET Received Gs) Louveck Feros The een butt cever wears Tht 2 or more bitso in the fafa unt hare changed frsm | to D ov from O tel, $. Zz A fut evver meant that 2 OT Were bits in the cuta unt have chegeedl, q Seapets hae oS 4 eeangth 0 sext oe tel] Receivact Reduncleney — The concept of cletecting eGo weecting is veduudaney. To be abe fo chit, govvet exvers, We heed to send Some extra bits , with ouc clata, Thee Ye durd: bits ave added by the sender and by the #£ ‘eceiver, Thee presene allows. The veceiver te dt: or corvedt Coevubtad bits. S TS detect o covvect evvors we neald send extra bits wrth data called Yedod: Detechen Versus Lorredion — 6) Bowen cletechin— ck Qn this we only see Ff “any exvey hes ocurved, Yong (11) Exvec foxvechin — Sa thie we exactly fi of bits that ave corr importantly 4 ther focahi nuvile! i and aJF we need te corvect one singk error In an S-bit data unit, We neecl te Colysi'chor elg We possible exon lo catjous,