Utilizing Plastic Residue, Reused PVC Pipes, and Plastic Bottles for the Production of Eco-

friendly Sealants.

CHAPTER I
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Polyester is widely used in modern society, and it can be found in everything from the common

objects we use daily, like water bottles, to the clothes we wear. Since its discovery in 1930s,

when it first became a chemically viable material, its importance in our daily lives has steadily

increased, largely because of its extraordinary durability and adaptability. (Bellis, Mary, 2020)

With its increase in usage as time passes by, so does the waste that comes along with it. While

polyester does have outstanding features, it also carries heavy drawbacks and side effects, with

its popularity and daily usage of this product, it has been ubiquitous and the amount of

polyester in the world is only ever increasing and all the

Statement of the problem

1. How can this polyester sealant withstand being exposed to the following situations:

1.1 Sinked in water

1.2 In hot temperatures

1.3 being able to handle being submerged in water.

2. What is the effectiveness of Polyester sealant, specifically, for purposes of pipe repair?

3. Is there any significant difference between a PVC sealant from recycled polyester and a

regular PVC sealant?

Hypothesis

1. This polyester sealant can hold its own when:

 1.1 Sinke would in water

1.2 in the boiling point of water

1.3 Under high water pressures

2. It creates an effective and durable sealant for pipe repair.

3. There is a significant difference between a PVC sealant from recycled polyester than a
regular PVC sealant.

Objectives

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) from plastic residue, plastic

bottles and PVC pipes are abundant everywhere. This study aims to find a way to recycle left

over polyester products and reduce the build-up of polyester waste.

Limitations of the Study

Polyester, when used as a PVC sealant, is primarily suitable for sustaining a pipe and making it

durable, thus limiting it to only pipe repair and pipe safety.

Significance of the Study

This study creates an alternative and better use of polyester waste (e.g., left over PVC Pipes,

Plastic Bottles and Plastic Residue) as a sealant to reduce the build-up of Polyester waste

products.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The concept of sustainability has gained significant traction in recent years due to growing

environmental concerns. Researchers have explored innovative ways to repurpose plastic

waste, a major environmental pollutant. Recycled PVC pipes and plastic bottles emerge as

potential materials for sustainable sealant development, contributing to waste reduction and

environmental conservation.

Previous studies have delved into the recycling processes of PVC pipes, emphasizing the

challenges and benefits associated with their reuse. The chemical composition of PVC and the

methods for recycling it play a crucial role in determining the suitability of recycled PVC pipes

for sealant formulation. (Mehdi Sadat-Shojai, Gholam-Reza Bakhshandeh, 2011)

The accumulation of plastic waste in landfills and oceans has prompted researchers to explore

alternative ways of utilizing this abundant resource. Studies have investigated the chemical and

physical properties of several types of plastic waste to ascertain their potential in

manufacturing sustainable materials. Incorporating plastic waste into a sealant formulation can

not only address the plastic pollution issue but also provide a cost-effective solution. (Kim

Ragaert, 2017)

Despite the potential benefits, challenges exist in effectively repurposing plastic waste for

sealant production. Issues such as contamination, varying polymer compositions, and the
presence of additives in plastic waste can impact the performance and quality of the final

sealant product. This review aims to analyze the existing methodologies for overcoming these

challenges and optimizing the use of plastic waste in sealant formulations. (Tulane Da Silva,

2021)

Plastic bottles, a common and widely discarded form of plastic waste, offer a unique

opportunity for recycling. Research has explored the mechanical and chemical properties of

recycled plastic bottles and their applicability in diverse industries. Investigating the

incorporation of recycled plastic bottles into sealant formulations could yield a sustainable

solution with potential applications in construction, manufacturing, and other sectors. (Siti

Zaharah Ishak, Nuraleeya Ilobshebru, 2021)

Assessing the environmental impact of sealants derived from recycled PVC pipes and plastic

waste is critical. Life cycle assessments and environmental impact studies have been conducted

to evaluate the overall sustainability of such products. Understanding the eco-profile of the

proposed sealant will contribute to the broader goal of reducing the carbon footprint

associated with traditional sealant production. (C Roberts, 2012)

Existing case studies and success stories related to the use of recycled materials in sealant

production provide valuable insights. Analyzing real-world applications, challenges faced, and

performance evaluations of sealants derived from recycled PVC pipes and plastic waste can

guide the development process and offer practical solutions for potential implementation.

(Johnny Bolden, Taher Abu-Lebdeh, 2013)

As sustainable materials gain prominence, researchers are exploring innovative technologies

and innovations in sealant development. The integration of recycled PVC pipes and plastic

waste in sealant formulations aligns with the global shift towards circular economy practices.

Future research should focus on optimizing the formulation, exploring novel additives, and

expanding the scope of applications for these eco-friendly sealants. (Kashmiri Mittal, 2010)

A crucial aspect of sealant development lies in its adhesive properties. Previous studies may

have investigated the bonding strength, durability, and flexibility of sealants made from

recycled PVC pipes and plastic waste. Analyzing these adhesive properties will provide insights

into the practical utility of the sealant in different applications, ranging from construction to

household repairs. (Richard Simonsen, 2016)

Evaluating the compatibility of the developed sealant with existing industry standards is

essential. Standards for sealants ensure quality, safety, and reliability. This review should

explore how well the sealant made from recycled materials aligns with established standards,

or if any modifications are needed to meet these criteria. (RC Thompson, 2009)

Assessing the economic viability of the proposed sealant is crucial for its widespread adoption.

A detailed cost analysis, comparing the production costs of recycled-material-based sealants

with traditional counterparts, will provide valuable information for manufacturers and

stakeholders. Understanding the economic aspects will influence the scalability and market

acceptance of the eco-friendly sealant. (Harry Wesling, 2020)

The regulatory framework surrounding plastic waste recycling and sustainable materials in

sealant production is a crucial aspect of the broader discussion. In-depth exploration of existing
regulations and standards, both on a global and local scale, sheds light on the compliance

requirements that recycled PVC pipes and plastic waste-based sealants must meet. Regulatory

compliance essentially makes businesses follow rules that promote eco-friendly practices. This,

in turn, drives companies to use and promote the adoption of eco-friendly sealants. When

businesses are required to meet certain environmental standards, they invest in and prioritize

sustainable solutions, like eco-friendly sealants. This results in a broader use of such sealants

across various industries, positively impacting the environment and meeting the demand for

greener products. (Mine Tekman, 2021)

Advancements in technology play a pivotal role in shaping the landscape of plastic waste

recycling and sealant development. The latest technological innovations, such as advanced

separation methods for plastic waste, novel chemical processes, and cutting-edge additives

enhance the performance of sealants derived from recycled materials. With these innovations,

we gain insights into the evolving possibilities and potential breakthroughs that could further

optimize the formulation and application of eco-friendly sealants or many other kinds of eco-

friendly products. ((Oren Bar-Gil, 2009)

Emphasizing the use of renewable resources and recycled materials, eco-friendly sealants align

with sustainability goals and mitigate resource depletion. Their adherence to environmental

standards ensures compliance with regulations, promoting safer ecosystems and human well-

being. While the overall impact depends on specific formulations and application practices, the

adoption of eco-friendly sealants represents a commendable step toward environmentally

conscious construction and manufacturing practices. (Max Roser, 2018)

 Governmental bodies are crucial drivers for sustainable sealant development. The

collaboration of such large people in the political world carries out the means to help in the

production of our sealant not just for pur own but also for them. Successful partnerships

provide valuable insights into how collective efforts can accelerate the development and

adoption of eco-friendly sealants. (Anika Jahnke, 2020)

Acknowledging the significance of public awareness and education, initiatives, campaigns, or

educational programs aimed at informing the public, industries, and policymakers about the

benefits of recycled PVC pipes and plastic waste in sealant formulations. Understanding the role

of public perception in influencing adoption rates is essential for creating a holistic perspective

on the societal impact of sustainable sealant development. (Hans Arp, 2019)

Looking toward the future of sustainable sealant development. Recommendations for

policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers will be proposed to enhance the adoption

and optimization of recycled-material-based sealants. Identifying potential research directions,

addressing challenges, and suggesting areas for improvement will contribute to a forward-

looking perspective on the continued evolution of eco-friendly sealants in the market.

(Matthew MacLeod, 2021)

 CHAPTER III

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Preparations of the Materials and Equipment

The required ingredients for the sealant itself are PVC powder, PET plastic shreds, and silicone

glue. The tools that are needed compile of a fine sandpaper, a pair of scissors, 3 bowls, a ladle,

protective gloves, goggles, face masks, 3 sealed containers, and 7 pieces of PVC pipes. The PVC

powder will be obtained by sanding a PVC pipe with fine sandpaper and shredding the PET

plastic via the use of a pair of scissors. The procedure would be done in a ventilated area to

avoid inhalation of toxic fumes from the chemicals.

Procedures

General Procedures

The procedure will begin with mixing different ratios of PVC dust and PET shreds with each

other in 3 different bowls. All bowls shall only be given a maximum amount of 30 grams of the

two main ingredients and will be split accordingly by a label per bowl, bowl A shall consist of a

PVC to PET ratio of 1:2 or 10 grams of PVC powder to 20 grams of PET plastic shreds, bowl B

shall consist of a PVC to PET ratio of 2:1 or 20 grams of PVC powder to 10 grams of PET plastic

shreds, bowl C shall consist of a PVC to PET ratio of 1:1 or 15 grams of PVC powder to 15 grams

of PET plastic shreds. All 3 bowl will receive 100 grams of the silicone glue and will be mixed

thoroughly until they turn into homogenous mixtures which then will be transferred to the
sealed containers. The sealed containers will be labeled accordingly with sealant 1, sealant 2,

and sealant 3.

Testing Procedures

The sealants will be then used to bond 3 pairs of PVC pipes to observe the correct ratio in

creating this sealant. Sealant 1 shall be applied to the first pair of pipes, sealant 2 shall be

applied to the second pair of pipes, and lastly sealant 3 shall be applied to the third pair of

pipes. The pair of pipes will be cured and left to sit in a flat surface for 20 minutes to see

whether the adhesive successfully bonded the two pipes.

Risk and Safety

The risks and threats that our research brings danger as we encounter chemicals and polymer

that is very risky if not treated with proper caution and equipment as these ingredients are

chemicals that are toxic in nature. For example, the Polyethylene terephthalate from the plastic

bottles alone is a hazardous chemical that if inhaled for too long can cause the researchers to

experience difficulties in breathing and may cause long term effects to the lungs of the

researchers in the long run with too much inhalation of this material. It is recommended that

the researchers that partake in creating this experiment to wear protective gloves, goggles, and

face masks or face shields for them to be able to safely and securely execute this research.