Term Paper Module 1

Laguna University Senior High School
Quarter 1,1st Semester
Via Cabanillas Alvarez, LPT
By: Princess Diane Napod
From: GAS 12-A

Business Math 12
Module 1: Fundamentals Operations on Fractions Decimals and

Percentage
Lesson 1: Fraction
Fraction quantity that is not a whole number .
2. – called the numerator

4. – called the denominator
Examples:
½, ⅓, ¼, ⅔, ⅘,⅞,⅝
Types of Fraction:
Proper Fraction a fraction where the numerator is smaller than the

denominator.
Examples:
½, ⅔, ¾, ⅘
Improper Fraction a fraction on where the enumerator is equal or greater

than the denominator.
Examples:
9/8, 10/6, 100/7
Mixed Fraction a fraction with a whole number and fraction.
Examples:
3½, 4¾, 8⅖
Reducing Fraction to lowest Term
To reduce fraction to their lowest form, the numerator and denominator will
be divided with their GCD (Greatest Common Divisor).
Examples:
6/12 the GDC is 3

6÷3 = 2 the answer will be 2/4, but since 2/4still have it’s lowest form. It
12÷3= 4. Will be divided to 2 as the GCD.
The answer will be ½.

Changing Improper Fraction to Whole of Mixed Numbers
In order to change an improper fraction to mixed number of the mixed

fraction, the numerator will be divided to the denominator. The reminder will
be the new numerator but the denominator won’t be change.
Example:
12/5
12÷5=2.4
The quotient is 2
The remainder is 2
The final form will be 2 ⅖ .

Changing Mixed Numbers to Improper Fraction
To change the mixed numbers to improper fraction. The denominator will

be multiplied to the whole number, the product will be added to the
enumerator.
The sum will be the numerator, and the denominator will remain the same.
Example:
Using the same example above.
2⅖
5 will be multiplied to 2 (the whole number).

5×2=10 since the product is already determined, 10. 10 will be added to the
numerator.
10+2=12. The sum will be the numerator, while the denominator will remain
the same.
=12/5
Lesson 2: Fundamental Operation on Fraction
Addition of Two Similar Fraction adding similar fraction is easy. Only

need to add the numerator since their denominator are same. If the answer
is in proper fraction form, change it to mixed numbers.
Example:
1/8 + 5/8 + 4/8= 10/8
=10/8 will be change into mixed number form. But 10/8 can be the
transform into it’s lowest term by dividing to 2.
=10/8 will be 5/4
=5/4 will be changed into mixed fraction form.
Therefore the answer is:
=1¼
Adding Dissimilar Fraction to add dissimilar fraction. First is to find the
LCD (Least Common Denominator). Finding the LCD has many different
ways.
Examples:
1st Solution:
One of the ways to find the LCD is to multiply each denominator each
fraction.
15/6 + 4/3
1st step: 15×3=45 « 3 is the denominator of the second fraction.

6×3=18
=45/18
2nd step: 4×6= 24 « 6 is the denominator of the first fraction.

3×6= 18
=24/18
Determining that the LCD is 18.

2nd Solution:
Multiplying the numerator of the first fraction to the denominator of the
second fraction. Plus to the product of the denominator of the first fraction
and the numerator of the second fraction. (Cross multiplication). For the
denominator, just multiply both denominator to each other.
15/6 + 4/3
=(15×3) +(6×4)
6×3
= 45+24
18
=69/18
The answer is just the same with the first solution.
3rd Solution:
Getting the LCD. Dividing the LCD to the denominator, the quotient will be
multiplied to the numerator.
Given: 15/6 + 4/3 LCD: 18
15/6=45/18 (18÷6=3×15=45)
4/3=24/18 (18÷3=6×4=24)
Add:
45/18 + 24/18 =64/18
Therefore the answer is 64/18. Proven using three different ways of finding
LCD.
Adding of Three or More Dissimilar Fraction find the LCd of all the
dissimilar fraction.
Example:
Add: 7/8 + 3/6 + 1/2= N
Solution: Find the LCD
8= 2× 4
6= 2×.3
2=2×1
2×1×3×4= 24
The LCD is 24
=7/6 + 3/6 + ½
Divide the LCD to the denominator, the quotient will be divided to

numerator.
= 21/24 + 8/24 + 13/24
=42/24
The answer is in improper fraction. It will be converted to mixed number.
Therefore the answer is;

= 1¾
Addition of Mixed numbers with Dissimilar Fraction
Example:
2 7/8 + 3 3/6 + 4 ½ =N
Solution: Separate the whole number to find the LCD which is 24

Separately add the whole number.
=(2+3+4) + (7/8 + 3/6 + ½ )
=(9) + (21/24 + 8/24 + 13/24)
= 9+ 42/24
42/24 will be change to mixed number

= 1¾
Add the whole number to the mixed number.
= 9+ 1¾
Hence the answer is.
= 10¾
Substation of Fraction
Example:
7/5 – 4/5 = 3/5

Numerator will be subtracted to the other numerator. The denominator will
remain.
Subtraction of Dissimilar Fraction
Example:
7/3 – 2/5=N
1st Solution:
7/3 – 2/5=
= 35/15 – 6/15
=29/15
in mixed number form:
= 1 14/15
2nd Solution:
7/3 – 2/5=N
=(7×5) –(3×2) / 3×5
=35-6/15
=29/15 or 1 14/15
3rd Solution:
7/3-2/5=N
=(7×5)(3×2)/3×5 - (2×3)(3×7)/3×5
= (35+6)/15 – (6+21)/15
=41/15 - 27/15
= 14/15
Multiplication of Fraction
Example:
2/8 × 4/5 =N
=2/8 × 4/5
=(2×4) / (8×5)
=8/40
in simplest form: 1/5
Multiplying Mixed number
Example:
4 ⅕ × 7 ⅔ =N
Change to Improper Fraction

= 4⅕ will be 21/5
=7⅔ will be 23/3
Multiply.
=(21×23) / (3×5)
= 483/ 15
Change to Mixed Number.
= 32 ⅕
Division of Proper, Improper and Mixed Number
Proper Fraction
Example:
½ ÷ ⅖ =N
Solution:
½÷¾
Reciprocal ¾, the operation will change from division to multiplication.
=1/2 ×4/3
=4/6
Change to simplest form.
=2/3
Improper Fraction
2⅛ ÷ 5
Solution:
2⅛÷5
Change the mixed number to improper fraction.
=17/8÷5
The whole number should be in fraction form. Every whole number has
invisible denominator which is 1.
=17/8÷5/1
Reciprocal 5/1
=17/8 × 1/5
Multiply.
=17/40
The answer is 17/40.

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Laguna University Senior High School

Quarter 1,1st Semester

Via Cabanillas Alvarez, LPT

By: Princess Diane Napod

From: GAS 12-A

Module 1: Fundamentals Operations on Fractions Decimals and

Fraction quantity that is not a whole number .

2. – called the numerator

Proper Fraction a fraction where the numerator is smaller than the

Improper Fraction a fraction on where the enumerator is equal or greater

9/8, 10/6, 100/7

Mixed Fraction a fraction with a whole number and fraction.

Reducing Fraction to lowest Term

6/12 the GDC is 3

The answer will be ½.

In order to change an improper fraction to mixed number of the mixed

The final form will be 2 ⅖ .

To change the mixed numbers to improper fraction. The denominator will

5 will be multiplied to 2 (the whole number).

Addition of Two Similar Fraction adding similar fraction is easy. Only

1/8 + 5/8 + 4/8= 10/8

=10/8 will be 5/4

=5/4 will be changed into mixed fraction form.

Therefore the answer is:

1st step: 15×3=45 « 3 is the denominator of the second fraction.

2nd step: 4×6= 24 « 6 is the denominator of the first fraction.

Determining that the LCD is 18.

The answer is just the same with the first solution.

Given: 15/6 + 4/3 LCD: 18

45/18 + 24/18 =64/18

Add: 7/8 + 3/6 + 1/2= N

Solution: Find the LCD

Divide the LCD to the denominator, the quotient will be divided to

= 21/24 + 8/24 + 13/24

The answer is in improper fraction. It will be converted to mixed number.

Therefore the answer is;

Addition of Mixed numbers with Dissimilar Fraction

Solution: Separate the whole number to find the LCD which is 24

42/24 will be change to mixed number

Add the whole number to the mixed number.

Hence the answer is.

7/5 – 4/5 = 3/5

Change to Improper Fraction

=7⅔ will be 23/3

Change to Mixed Number.

Reciprocal ¾, the operation will change from division to multiplication.

Change to simplest form.

Change the mixed number to improper fraction.

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