Memoir of the

Revolution
(Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan)
ni Emilio Aguinaldo

Berdin Napire Odivilas

 Emilio Aguinaldo
March 22, 1869 - February 6, 1964

first and youngest president of the Philippines

son of Carlos Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy
nicknames: Kapitan Mitong, Heneral Miong,
Kamiong, Elcaudilo, Magdalo, Hermano Colon
studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran but
wasn’t able to finish due to the 1882 Cholera
outbreak
proclaimed Independence Day on June 12, 1898
in Kawit, Cavite
 Background of the Document
Between 1928 and 1946, Aguinaldo produced in long hand
the first volume of his memoirs, entitled “Mga Gunita ng
Himagsikan (1964),” translated from the original Tagalog
as “Memoirs of the Revolution” (1967) by Sulpicio Guevara.
The memoirs were based on a diary, documents preserved,
and family lore gathered from Aguinaldo’s elders.
The document was officially released to the public in 1967
The second publication was made during the 100th
anniversary of the Philippine Independence in 1998.
It covers the resumption of the Philippine revolution
against Spain and the Philippine-American war
CONTENT
 August 1896 - Aguinaldo marched from Kawit with 600
men and launched a series of fight at Imus that
eventually ended in open hostilities against Spanish
troops stationed there.
September 1 - Captain Jose Tagle helped to lay a siege
against Imus to draw the Spanish out.
Brigadier-General Ernesto de Aguirre commanded a
Spanish relief column and went to Manila to help the
Spanish defenders of Imus.
Supported only by 100 people and by cavalry, Aguirre
Battle of and his troops attacked. Aguinaldo and his men fought
but suffered heavy losses that almost cost his own life.
Imus
 Spanish troops attacked the
revolutionary forces under
Aguinaldo’s command in the town of
Battle of Binakayan, Cavite
Binakayan Aguinaldo and his men achieved a
(November 9-11, 1896) victory but lost many lives including
his dear friend - Candido Tria Tirona
and Juan Munti.
 December 1. 1896 - Bonifacio was invited by the Katipunan
Magdiwang Provincial in Cavite. He left his hideout and arrived at
Cavite with his wife, two brothers, General Lucino and 20 soldiers.
Magdiwang and Magdalo factions welcomed
and entertained Bonifacio at Imus and San
Francisco de Malabon.
San Francisco de Malabon-Bonifacio was
Bonifacio greeted with cries of “Long Live the King of
the Philippines!”
Goes to
The Magdiwang council gave the title to
Cavite Bonifacio - “Hari” (King) which he liked.
General Mariano Alvarez, was demoted to
vice-king.
 Shortly, after Bonifacio’s arrival in Cavite, the Magdiwang
Council was reorganized with the following officers:

King: Andres Bonifacio

Vice King: Mariano Alvarez
Minister of War: Ariston Villanueva
Minister of the Interior: Jacinto Lambreras
Minister of Finance: Diego Mojica
Minister of Natural Resources: Emilio Riego de Dios
Captain General: Santiago Alvarez
Magdiwang
and The capital of the Magdiwang Council was moved
from Noveleta to San Francisco de Malabon,
Magdalo Noveleta, Rosario, Tanza, Naic, Ternate,
Councils Maragondon, Magallanes, Bailen, Alfonso, Indang
and San Roque.
 The Magdalo Council likewise organized itself with the
following officers:

President: Baldomero Aguinaldo

Vice President: Edilberto Evangelista
Secretary of War: Daniel Tirona
Secretary of the Interior: Felix Cuenca
Minister of Natural Resources: Glicerio Topacio
Secretary of Agriculture: Cayetano Topacio
Magdiwang Lieutenant General: Emilio Aguinaldo

and
The capital of the council was Imus. The nine
Magdalo towns under its jurisdiction were Imus, Kawit,
Dasmariñas, Silang, Amadeo, Mendez, Nuñez,
Councils Bacoor, and Carmen.
 Tejeros Assembly
March 22, 1897 - Magdiwang Council hosted a general
assembly at San Francisco de Malabon
The session started at 2 PM at Recollect estate-house
New revolutionary government was formed
President : Emilio Aguinaldo
VIce President: Mariano Trias
Captain General: Artemio Ricarte
Director of War: Emiliano Riego de Dios
Director of the Interior: Andres Bonifacio
March 23, 1897 - Aguinaldo’s oath-taking
 Bonifacio exerted efforts to overthrow the new government
March 23, 1897 - Bonifacio gathered his followers in a secret meeting
at Recollect estate-house
Acta de Tejeros - document that rejected the new government on the
following grounds:

1. Tejeros assembly “lacks legality”

2. There was a Magdalo conspiracy to oust Bonifacio from
leadership
3. The election of officials was fraudulent.
4. An actual pressure has been brouht to bear upon our
Efforts to presidency.
April 19, 1897 - another secret meeting was headed by
Overthrow Bonifacio
Naic Military Pact - another document created
the New Major Lazaro Makapagal - informed Aguinaldo of the secret
meeting
Government
 Naic
April 17, 1897 - Aguinaldo convoked a
revolutionary assembly in
Revolutionary
Naic
- He completed the cabinet
Assembly
adoption of a new flag
reorganization of the revolutionary
army with new fighting units
adoption of the standard uniform for
soldiers
adoption of new rules fixing military
ranks and their inisignians
President: Emilio Aguinaldo
Vice President: Mariano Trias
Captain General: Artemio Ricarte
Secretary of the Interior: Pascual Alvarez Revolutionary
Secretary of State: Jacinto Lumbreras
Secretary of Finance: Baldomero Aguinaldo Government
Secretary of Commerceand Industry:
Severino de las Alas
officers
Secretary of War: Emiliano Riego de Dios
 Limbon (barrio of Indang)
Colonel Agapito Bonzon, Felipe Topacio,
Bonifacio’s Jose Ignacio Paua went to Limbon to arrest
Bonifacio
Last Fight Ciriaco Bonifacio was killed (brother of
at Limbon Andres Bonifacio)
April 28, 1897 - BOnifacio was arrested
and brough to Naic
The Court Marcial of the Bonifacio Brothers
Col. Jose Lipana - judge advocate in the investigation
Col. Jose Elises - fiscal in the investgation
May 1, 1897 - investigation was transferred to Maragondon
Charges: 1. treason
2. conspiracy to assassinate Aguinaldo
3. bribing government soldiers to join the seditious plot
May 5, 1897 - trial was held

- Placido Martinez was the defense attorney of Bonifacio

- Bonifacio was given a chance to explain

May 6, 1897 - charged as guilty with penalty of death

- Judge Advocate General Baldomero Aguinaldo
approved the verdict
The Court Marcial of the Bonifacio Brothers

May 1, 1897 - President Aguinaldo issued for banishment

to an “isolated place” instead of the death sentence

General Noriel and Pio del Pilar - two generals that

implored President Aguinaldo to withdraw death sentence
Execution of the Bonifacio Brothers

May 10, 1897 - Due to treason, Andres

Bonifacio and his brother Procopio were
executed at Mount Hulog (4 km west of
Maragondon) through a firing squad
upon orders of General Noriel
Thank you!