DETAILED School Bungsuan National Grade Level & Grade 10 (3rd

LESSON PLAN High School Quarter Quarter)

IN SCIENCE 10
Student Teacher James Kyle D.
Galvez
Date Learning Area Science 10
Time Allotted 60 minutes Topic Protein
Synthesis and
Mutations

I.OBJECTIVES
A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
Standards 1. the information stored in DNA as being used to make proteins
2. how changes in a DNA molecule may cause changes in its product
3. mutations that occur in sex cells as being heritable
B. Performance The learners should be able to:
Standards The learners shall be able to acquire knowledge regarding homeostasis and
nervous system.
C. Learning The learners:
Competency Explain how protein is made using information from DNA. (S10LT-IIId-37)
D. Specific After discussing the lesson, the learners should be able to:
Objectives 1. Describe the function of DNA in making proteins,
2. Explain the process of protein synthesis; and
3. Value the importance of protein in the body.
II. CONTENT Proteins synthesis
III. MELC’s
LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References Science 10 Quarter 3 – Module 4 Protein Synthesis and Mutations
B. Other Internet, PowerPoint Presentation, Laptop,
Learning
Resources.

IV: TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

PROCEDURES
Greetings
Good afternoon, class! Good afternoon, Sir!

Opening Prayer
Everyone, let us pray. (The students will pray)
(Call a student), kindly lead the
prayer.

Before you take your seats please

arrange your chairs properly and pick
up pieces of paper.

Done? You can now take your seats. Yes Sir.

 Checking of Attendance
Who is absent today? None Sir.

A. Reviewing Are you all ready to learn? Yes Sir!

previous lesson
or presenting new Good!
lesson
(ELICIT) Before we proceed to our lesson let us
first have a short review of our
previous topic.

Questions:

1. What is homeostasis ? (answers may vary)

2. What is a positive feedback
mechanism; examples?
3. What is a negative feedback
mechanism; examples?
B. Establishing a CORRECT ANSWERS:
purpose for the GUESS THE PICTURE!
(Teacher shows pictures and students 1. DNA
lesson 2. RNA
will guess their name)
3. GENE
4. PROTEIN
5. CHROMOSOME
C. Presenting “In order for you to have a glimpse of
examples/ our lesson today, you will watch a
instances of the video about Protein Synthesis.”
new lesson “Are you ready class?” “Yes, Sir”
(ENGAGE)
(The video will be played via TV) (The students will watch the video and
listen attentively)
D. Discussing This time let us have a group activity.
concepts and I will group you into two. Please count
practicing new one to two starting from this side.
skills
(EXPLORE) Now, who are the group 1, please
stand… group 2?

Please gather with your groupmates

and choose your leader.

Group leaders please come forward.

I have here a manila paper with

materials for your activity. For the
sake of clarity, I will just give the
instructions ahead.

Together with your groupmates, you

will do the task I provided for each of
the group. Write your answers on the
manila paper and post them on the
board. After that I will check if your
answers are correct and clear the
misconceptions if there is so.

GROUP 1
ACTIVITY: DNA vs. RNA – A
Comparison Chart
Directions: Complete the table below
by writing the correct
words/description about RNA or
DNA.

Compari DNA RNA

son
Structur
e
Compone
nts
Function

GROUP 2
ACTIVITY: COMPLETE ME!
Directions: Fill in the complimentary
DNA strand using DNA base pairing
rules.
The first three nitrogenous bases were
paired already and given as examples.
 Rubrics for Group Activity

Criteria Correspondi
ng Point
Teamwork/ 5
Cooperation
Presentation 5
Relevance/ 5
Correctness of
Ideas

You have 10 minutes to finish the

task.

Time’s up! Please post you output on

the board.
F. Developing (Discussion proper)
mastery
(EXPLAIN) Based on your activity, what are the 2 DNA and RNA
nucleic acids?

What is DNA? DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid - it is a

molecule that contains the hereditary
biological instructions to build and
maintain an organism.

What makes up our DNA? Nucleotides

What composes a nucleotide? A nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar

molecule and a phosphate molecule.

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine
DNA? (G), and Cytosine (C).

Inside the cell is the nucleus, which is

its control center. Inside the nucleus
are chromosomes, thread-like
structures made up of DNA coiled
around proteins called histones. Genes
are sequences of DNA that code for a
molecule that has a function.
Sometimes, gene code (act as
instructions) to make proteins.
Proteins are large, highly complex
molecules made in the ribosome and
contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and sometimes sulphur.

Importance of Proteins:

2 Types of Protein
1. Fibrous
2. Globular

Proteins are made up of organic

compounds called amino acids, and
different proteins are made by forming
combinations from any of the 20
amino acids. A chain of amino acids is
linked together by peptide bonds
(chemical bonds formed between two
molecules) and is called a polypeptide.
One or more of these polypeptides
make up a protein. Amino acids and
proteins are the building blocks of life.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

To further understand the protein

synthesis, let’s talk about genetic
code.
Genetic codes are found in DNA or
RNA which is made up of nucleotide
bases usually in three’s (triplet) that
code for the amino acids making up
the proteins. Specifically, the DNA
genetic codes have mRNA codon
counterparts determined during
transcription. The mRNA codons code
for specific amino acids.

Important Codons:

Start Codons: AUG (starts the

translation stage);

Stop Codons: UAG, UGA, UAA

(stops the translation stage).

When the ribosome reads the start

codon, AUG, it will present the
codons to the tRNA for translation
stage to begin.

Transcription
Transcription occurs inside the
nucleus, and it is the first step in gene
expression. In transcription stage of
protein synthesis, the DNA unzips
through the help of enzymes called
RNA polymerases. They combine
nucleotides to form an RNA strand
(using one of the DNA strands as a
template).

For a protein-coding gene, the

messenger RNA carries the
information needed to build a
polypeptide. The messenger RNA
(mRNA) is the RNA form of the gene
that leaves the nucleus through the
nuclear pore and moves to the
cytoplasm where proteins are made.
Take note, transcription is the process
wherein the DNA sequence of a gene
is “rewritten” using RNA nucleotides.

(Video will be played)

Translation

The figure depicts the initial stage in

translation, which is the second phase
of protein synthesis. This involves the
complementary pairing of codons in
mRNA with anticodons in tRNA; a
process that is facilitated by the
ribosome.

The second stage of protein synthesis

is translation. It is where the codes in
the messenger RNA is translated to a
polypeptide that contains a specific
series of amino acids. Amino acid
bonds with each other to form
polypeptides which make up proteins.

So, let’s take a look on the first stage

of translation which is initiation. In
this stage of translation, the ribosome
sandwiches the mRNA between its
small and large subunit to be
translated. The first codon that will be
read is AUG that is called the start
codon, and consequently codes for the
amino acid methionine.

Elongation is the second stage in

translation where the amino acid chain
gets longer. In this stage, messenger
RNA reads one codon at a time. Then,
the amino acid corresponding each
codon is added to a growing
polypeptide chain. Remember, genetic
codes are found in DNA or RNA
which is made up of nucleotide bases
usually in three’s (triplet) that code for
the amino acids making up the
proteins. Specifically, the DNA
genetic codes have mRNA codon
counterparts determined during
transcription. The mRNA codons code
for specific amino acids.

Each time a new codon is read, a

matching transfer RNA gets into the
ribosomes carrying the anticodon and
the corresponding amino acid of the
mRNA codon. Amino acids are
connected with each other by peptide
bonds becoming a polypeptide.

During elongation, transfer RNAs

move through the A and P sites of the
ribosome, as shown above. This
process repeats many times as new
codons are translated and new amino
acids are added to the polypeptide
chain.

Termination is the last stage of

translation. It is where the finished
polypeptide is released. It starts when
a stop codon (UAG, UAA, or UGA) is
read by the ribosome, activating a
series of events that stop translation
and disassemble the subunits of the
ribosomal RNA. The polypeptide
produced in this stage will be
processed further before it becomes a
functional protein.

CHROMOSOMES

Humans have 46 chromosomes, or 23

pairs. They are paired as one comes
from the father (through the sperm
cell), and the other comes from the
mother (through the egg cell).
The first 22 pairs are called
 autosomes, and the 23rd pair are the
sex chromosomes.
Two XX chromosomes represent
females, while the XY chromosomes
represent males.
E. Finding Students will answer Activity 1 &
practical Activity 2
applications of
concepts and
skills in daily
living
F. Making Students will answer Activity 3
generalizations (Answers may vary)
and abstractions
about the lesson
(ELABORATE)
G. Evaluation (Assessment of Learning)
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Answer the following questions. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write your answer on ¼
sheet of paper.
1. Most genes DNA hold instructions for the cell to make a specific _____.
A. Carbohydrate
B. Chromosome
C. Protein
D. Lipid
2. Which of the following sequences of DNA bases is complementary to the sequence: ATC-GTG-
CCC.
A. TAG-CAC-GGG
B. TAG-TAT-GGG
C. AUG-CAC-GGG
D. AUG-TAT-GGG
3. Which of the following is NOT a part of protein synthesis?
A. Transcription
B. Replication
C. Translation
D. Elongation
4. Events that take place during the synthesis of a specific protein are listed below.
A. Messenger RNA attaches to a ribosome.
B. DNA serves as a template for the production of RNA.
C. Transfer RNA bonds to a specific codon.
D. Amino acids are bonded together.
E. RNA exits from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The correct order of these events is
A. B E A C D
B. D A E C B
C. B C E D A
D. C B A E D
5. What is the importance of protein in our body?
A. Supports immune function
B. Helps in maintaining healthy skin, hair, and nails
 C. Aids in enzyme production
D. All of the above
H. EXTEND (Assignment)
Research about mutations and their examples. Write in ¼ sheet of paper.

Prepared by: Checked by:

JAMES KYLE D. GALVEZ CATHERINE B. DALISAY

Student Intern Cooperating Teacher