Target Course

Vectors
Contents
S.No. Topic Page No.

1. Theroy Notes 1– 21
2. Skill Based Questions (Level-1 & 2) 22 – 33
3. Assertion & Reason Based Questions 34– 35
4. Previous Years Questions 36– 38

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 Vectors 1
Vectors
Introduction
On the basis of direction physical quantities are of three types:
(1) Scalar Quantities Those physical quantities which possess only magnitude and no direction are
called scalars. e.g. Mass,length,time,temperature and real numbers etc.
(2) Vector Quantities Those physical quantities which possess both magnitude and direction are
called vectors. e.g. Displacement , velocity, momentum, force and acceleration etc.
(3) Tensor Quantities Physical quantities which have no specified direction and have different
values in different directions are called tensors. e.g, moment of inertia.
Special Point - All vectors must possess direction, but all Physical quantities which have direction not
necessary to be vector. Because vectors completely described by magnitude, unit, direction and
they combine with one another according to the laws of vector algebra.
e.g. Electrical Current have magnitude, unit and direction, but it is a scalar quantity. Because
currents combine with one another according to ordinary arithmetic laws does not follow vector
algebra laws.
* Time, Pressure and Surface Tension possess direction but they are scalar quantities (fixed direction)
P
Representation of a Vector
A
A vector is represented by a letter with an arrow on it, e.g. 
A.

The magnitude of this vector is represented by A or A . O
 
Graphically , a vector A is represented by an arrow OP . The length of the arrow gives the
magnitude of the vector and the arrow denotes its direction. Thus, the vector  A has a
magnitude equal to OP and direction from O to P .
The tail O of the arrow is called the initial point and the head P is called the terminal point

of 
A.
Types of Vectors
(i) Polar Vector: These are those vectors which have a starting point or
a point of application.
e.g. displacement, force etc.
(ii) Axial Vector: These are those vectors which represent rotational
effect and act along the axis of rotation. e.g. angular momentum etc.

Axial vector Axis of Rotation

Anticlock wise rotation Clock wise rotation

(a) Axis of rotation (b) Axial Vector

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 Vectors 2
For a vector having anticlockwise or clockwise rotational effect, will have its direction along the
axis of rotation.
Direction of these vectors is always along the axis of rotation in accordance with right hand
screw rule or right hand thumb rule.
  
Examples : Small angular displacement (d) , Angular velocity   , Angular momentum (J) ,
 
Angular acceleration () and Torque ( )
Parallel Vectors : A
Those vectors which have same direction are called parallel vectors. B
Angle between two parallel vectors is always 0°

Equal Vectors :
A
Vectors which have equal magnitude and same direction are called equal vectors.
  B
AB
Anti–parallel Vectors : A
Those vectors which have opposite direction are called anti–parallel vector. B
Angle between two anti–parallel vectors is always 180°

Opposite (or Negative) Vectors :

Vectors which have equal magnitude but opposite direction are called opposite vectors
 
Here AB & BA are opposite vectors
A
 
AB   BA B

Coplanar Vectors :
Vectors located in the same plane are called coplanar vectors.
Note :- Two vectors are always coplanar.
Null or Zero Vector :
Vector whose magnitude is zero is called a null vector. Its direction is arbitrary and is not
specified.
  
Example :- Sum of two vectors is always a vector. Therefore (A) (  A)  0

Here 0 is a zero vector or null vector.
Unit Vector
A vector whose magnitude is 1, is called unit vector. A unit vector is represented by A
ˆ (A
cap or A hat or A caret).

ˆ Vector A   
Unit Vector A   A AAˆ
Magnitude of the vector A  ˆ
A  AA or

Note : A unit vector is used to specify the direction of a vector.

Three Standard Unit Vectors :

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 Vectors 3
In x – y – z co-ordinate frame there are three unit vectors i , Y
j and k which are used to indicate X, Y and Z axes respectively.

These three unit vectors are mutually perpendicular i.e. ˆ  kˆ

i  jˆ ĵ
O X

Check Point:- Determine unit vector of A  2i  3 j  5k k̂
î

Sol. A  2i  3 j  5k Z

A  22  32  52 A  4  9  25 A  38

 A 
A
Unit vector of A
A
2i  3 j  5k
A 
38
Components of a vector Max. components = 
Resolution of a Vector in a plane (In Two dimensions) Y
  
A  Ax  Ay N P

 
Ax  A cos 
A
...(1)Ay
 
Ay  A sin  ...(2) O Ax M X

Ay A sin 
  tan 
Ax A cos 

Ax2  Ay2  A2 A Ax2  Ay2

 Ay
Angle of A from x - axis is given by tan   A
x

 A
Angle of A from x - axis is given by tan   A
x

Resolution of a Vector in Space (in Three Dimensions)

   
A  Ax  Ay  Az

A Ax2  Ay2  Az2


Az  A cos  ...(1)
 
Ay  A cos  ...(2)
 
Ax  A cos  ...(3)

cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1

( 1 - sin2 ) + ( 1 - sin2 ) + ( 1 - sin2 ) = 1
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 Vectors 4
3 - (sin2 + sin2  + sin2 ) = 1
sin2 + sin2  + sin2 = 2

sin 2   sin 2   sin 2   2

Special Points : 1. A vector can be resolved into maximum infinite number of components.
ˆ
i iˆ i ˆ
For example 10iˆ iˆ
 iˆ ˆ
 i............10 times or    ............20 times
2 2 2
2. Maximum number of rectangular components of a vector in a plane (2-dimensions) is two.
But maximum number of rectangular components in space (3-dimensions) is three which are
along X, Y and Z axes.
3. A vector is independent of the orientation of axes but the components of that vector
depends upon the orientation of axes.
4. The component of a vector along its perpendicular direction is always zero.

Check Point : A force is inclined at an angle of 60° from the horizontal.

If the horizontal component of the force is 40N, calculate the
vertical component.
Sol. Ax = 40N, Ay = ?,  = 60° Vertical

As Ax = A cos
A
A Ay= ?
 40 = A cos 60° or 40 = or A = 80N
2
60°
Horizontal
Ax= 40N
A 3 80 3
Now Ay = A sin 60° = = = 40 3N
2 2
Check Point: Resolve a weight of 10 N in two directions which are parallel and perpendicular to a
slope inclined at 30° to the horizontal
Sol. Component perpendicular to the plane
W  W cos 30 W||
30° W
3
= (10) = 5 3 N
2 W=10 N
and component parallel to the plane 30°

 1
W|| =W sin 30° = (10)  2  = 5 N
 

Angle between two Vectors ()

Angle between two vectors means smaller of the two angles between the vectors when they
are placed tail to tail by displacing either of the vectors parallel to itself (i.e 0).
 
B B


  
A A
      
Check Point: Three vectors A,B, C are shown in the figure. Find angle between (i) A and B , (ii) B and C ,
 
(iii) A and C .

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 Vectors 5
x x
 30º 45º
A  
B C
30º
x

Sol. To find the angle between two vectors we connect the tails of the two vectors. We can shift
    
B & C such that tails of A,B and C are connected as shown in figure.
  
Now we can easily observe that angle between A and B A
    30º x
is 60º, B and C is 15º and between A and C is 75º. 
45º

30º
C
Vector Addition B

The vectors to be added are arranged in such a way so that the head of first vector coincides
with the tail of second vector whose head coincides with the tail of third vector and so on,
then the single vector drawn from the tail of the first vector to the head of the last vector
represents their resultant vector.

B B
R A+
R=A+B
R=
B
A
B A

A
A B +B
R=B+A B R=A
R
A
    
R  A B  B A
A
Resultant Vector of Two Vectors: R  A  B  2 AB cos 
2 2

B C
B Bsin
  B sin  
Direction of resultant vector R : tan      
 A  B cos  A Bcos
Parallelogram Law of Addition of Two Vectors (Alternate Method) :
D C
If two vectors are represented by two adjacent sides of a
parallelogram which are directed away from their common B A+
B
R=
point then their sum (i.e. resultant vector) is given by the

diagonal of the parallelogram passing away through that  
A B
common point. A
      
Here AB AD  AC  R or R  AB

R = A2  B2  2AB cos 

B sin  A sin 
tan   tan  
A  B cos  B  A cos 

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 Vectors 6
Special Points :
   
1. Vector addition is commutative, i.e. AB  B A
     
2. Vector addition is associative, i.e A  (B  C)  (A  B)  C
3. Resultant of two vectors will be maximum when they are parallel i.e. angle between them
is zero.

R max  A 2  B2  2AB cos 0 or R max  (A  B)2 (cos0° = 1)

or Rmax = A + B
4. Resultant of two vectors will be minimun when they are antiparallel i.e. angle between them
is 180°.

R min  A 2  B2  2AB cos180 or R min  (A  B)2 ( cos 180°= – 1)

or Rmin  A ~ B (Bigger — smaller)

5. Resultant of two vectors of unequal magnitude can never be zero.
6. If vectors are of unequal magnitude then minimum three coplanar vectors are required for
zero resultant.
7. Resultant of two vectors of equal
magnitude will be at their bisector.
    
If A  B , then     But if A  B , then angle  < 
2

B
R
R=A+B B

2  
2 
A
A

 R will incline more towards the vector of bigger magnitude.
 
8. If two vectors have equal magnitude i.e. |A||B|
 = a and |B|=a R=2acos( /2)
angle between them is  then resultant will be at the
   /2
bisector of A and B and its magnitude is equal to 2acos   . /2 |A|=a
2

   
  B| 2a cos  
|R||A
2

1200 
Special Case : If = 120° then R = 2a cos  = a
 2 
    
i.e. If 120° then |R||A
  B||A||B|
  = a
9. If resultant of two unit vectors is another unit vector then the angle between them
= 120°.
or
If the angle between two unit vectors = 120°, then their resultant is another unit vector.

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 Vectors 7
Analytic Method of Vector Addition
  
A  Ax iˆ  Ay ˆj B  Bx iˆ  By ˆj C  Cxiˆ  C y ˆj
   
Resultant Vector by addition of these vectors R  A B C

  Ax  Bx  C x  iˆ   Ay  By  C y  ˆj

 Ax  Bx  Cx    Ay  By  C y 
2
Magnitude 
2

Ay  By  C y
If resultant vector make angle  with x-axis tan  
Ax  Bx  C x
Polygon Law of Vector Addition If a number of vector
can be represented, both in magnitude and direction,
by the sides of an open convex polygon taken
in the same order, then their resultant is represented
completely in magnitude and direction by the closing side of the polygon,taken in the opposite order.
Note:
C
1. In a polygon if all the vectors are in same order then their resultant is a B
   
null vector. e.g. in the given figure A  B  C  0 .
A

     
A B C D E  0
2. If n vectors of equal magnitude are arranged at equal angles
of separation then their resultant is always zero.
  
Subtraction of Vectors Subtract vector B from vector A , first reverse the direction of B, thus


producing  B . Then add A and

 B  .
A

R=A
R=

B
A –B
A–

O
– –B
R=A– B –B 180
B

A
B

A
–A
R=B–

R=B–A B B
O
–
180
R=

–A
B–

B
A

    
  
R  A  B  A  B

 
R  A B  A2  B 2  2 AB cos 1800   

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 Vectors 8
  B
A B  A2  B 2  2 AB cos

 
where  is the angle between A & B . Let angle of difference  A
   
vector ( A – B ) from vector A is  then
B
B sin 

A-
tan =

B
A  B cos  –B
Special Points
   
1. The vector subtraction doesn't follow commutative law i.e. A – B  B – A
     
2. The vector subtraction doesn't follow associative law i.e. A – ( B – C )  ( A – B) – C
 
3. If two vectors have equal magnitude, i.e. |A||B|
  a and  is the angle between them, then

  
|A  B| a2  a2  2a2 cos   2a sin  
2

    
Special case : If   60 then 2a sin  2   a i.e. |A  B||A||B|
   a at   60

 

4. If difference of two unit vectors is another unit vector then the angle between them is 60°
or If two unit vectors are at angle of 60°, then their difference is also a unit vector.
5. In physics whenever we want to calculate change in a vector quantity, we have to use
    
vector subtraction. For example, change in velocity ( V)  V2  V1 or Vfinal  Vinitial
6. If two vectors are such that their sum and their difference vectors have equal magnitude
then angle between the given vectors  = 90°.
   
|A  B||A
  B| or A2 + B2 + 2AB cos  = A2 + B2 – 2AB cos  or cos  = 0 or
 = 90°
     
7. If AB = AB then B = 0 ( a null vector).
 
Analytic Method of Vector Subtraction A  Ax iˆ  Ay ˆj B  Bx iˆ  By ˆj
  
Resultant Vector by addition of these vectors R  A B
  Ax  Bx  iˆ   Ay  By  ˆj

 Ax  Bx    Ay  By 
2
Magnitude 
2

Ay  By
If resultant vector make angle  with x-axis tan  
Ax  Bx
360º
* If n vectors acts at angle , then resultant of all these is zero.
n
D C
Note : If two vectors are represented by two adjacent sides of a
parallelogram which are directed away from their common point
B
then their sum (i.e. resultant vector) is given by the large =A
+B R=
A–
 R B
diagonal of the parallelogram and subtraction is given by the small 
A B
diagonal of the parallelogram. A

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 Vectors 9
Multiplication of Vectors

Case - I Multiplication of a Vector A by Real Number
 
A × Real number = Realnumber A

Its magnitude becomes n times the magnitude of the given vector. Its direction is the same

or opposite as that of A , according as n is a positive or negative real number.

Note: 1. A scalar or a vector, can not be divided by a vector.

2. Vectors of different types can be multiplied to generate new physical quantities which may
be a scalar or a vector. If, in multiplication of two vectors, the generated physical quantity
is a scalar, then their product is called scalar or dot product and if it is a vector, then their
product is called vector or cross product.
Case - II Multiplication of a vector by another vector
Multiplication of a vector with another vector are of two types
(i) Scalar Product (ii) Vector Product
(i) Scalar Product When product of two vectors is a scalar quantity,
then it is known as scalar or dot product or inner product.
 
C  A B
C  AB cos 
The above equation can also be written in the following ways.
   
A  B   A cos   B  OP  OB A  B  A  B cos    OA  OQ

Above two equations and figures, suggest a scalar product as product of magnitude of the
one vector and magnitude of the component of another vector in the direction of the former
vector.
* It is always a scalar, which is positive if angle between the vectors is acute (i.e. < 90°)
and negative if angle between them is obtuse (i.e. 90° < < 180°).
 
* According to definition A  B = AB cos  B

 
 A  B 1 A.B = AB cos 
The angle between the vectors   cos  AB  
 
A
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 Vectors 10
   
* Dot product follow commutative law: A  B  B  A (commutative law)

d  i  
* Dot product follow distributive law: A  B  C  A  B  A  C
 

* The scalar product of two non zero perpendicular vectors is zero :

 
A  B  A  B cos 90
 
A B  0
i.e., if the scalar product of two nonzero vectors is zero then vectors are orthogonal or
perpendicular to each other.

In case of orthogonal unit vectors i, j and k ˆ

i  jˆ  kˆ kˆ
 jˆ  i ˆ1  1  cos 900  0

 
* Angle between vector A and B can be calculated by dot product:
   
  A B A B
A  B  A  B cos cos  ] cos  
AB A B
cos   A  B
 
* The Scalar Product of Two Vectors A and B varies from AB to (– AB)
* In case of unit vector n
nˆ nˆ 1  1  cos 0  1

So nˆ nˆ ˆ
i  iˆ  j ˆkˆ kˆ 1
 jˆ
In terms of components
 
A  B  (A xˆ
i  A y jˆ ˆ (B i ˆ
 A z k) ˆ ˆ
x  B y j  B z k)

 
or A  B  (A x Bx  A y By  A z Bz )

* Component of B in the direction of A =Bcos

 
A.B
B cos  
|A|

* Vector component of B in the direction of A  B c o s  Aˆ

 
A.B ˆ
Bcos  A 
ˆ A
|A|
 

A. B A
A2
* Component of A in the direction of B = A cos 
 
A.B
A cos  
| B|

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 Vectors 11

* Vector component of A in the direction of B= A co s  B

ˆ
 
A.B
A cos  B
ˆ ˆ
.B
| B|

 

 A.B B
B2
   
A  B (Perpendicular) A.B0

* Coplanar perpendicular vector of vector A  xiˆ  yjˆ is
   
B  yiˆ  xjˆ and B   yiˆ  xjˆ and B  nyiˆ  nxjˆ and B   nyiˆ  nxjˆ

Ex.: Coplanar perpendicular vector of vector A  3iˆ  4 ˆj is
   
B  4iˆ  3 ˆj and B  4iˆ  3 ˆj and B  8 iˆ  6 ˆj and B  12iˆ  16 ˆj
 
Check Point:- If two vectors A  2i  2 j  xk and B  3i  2 j  7 k are perpendicular to each other,
then calculate value of x.
 
Sol. A  B  6 (i  i )  4 ( j  j )  7 x ( k  k )

2
0  6  4  7x 7x  2 ] x 
7
   
 2kˆ and B  2iˆ 3 jˆ
Check Point:- If A  4iˆ njˆ  kˆ, then find the value of n so that A  B
 
Sol. Dot product of two mutually perpendicular vectors is zero A  B  0

 (4iˆ njˆ ˆ ˆ
 2k).(2i ˆ 0  (4  2)  (n  3)  ( 2  1)  0  3n = – 6
 3j ˆk)  n = – 2

(ii) Vector Product When product of two vectors is a vector then it is known as vector product or
cross product or outer product.

  
C  A B

C  AB sin  nˆ
The vector product of two vectors is defined as a vector having magnitude equal to the product
of the magnitude of two vectors with the sine angle between them.
  
Cross product C  A  B , can also be written in the following ways.
     
C  A  B  A  B sin   nˆ C  A  B   A sin   Bnˆ

The above two equations and figures explain that the magnitude of vector or cross product
is the product of magnitude of one vector and magnitude of the component of the other
vector in the direction perpendicular to the first one.

Target Course MASTERS ACADEMY 1-Anasagar Circular Road, Opp. Chaupati, Ajmer.  0145-2633111
 Vectors 12
The direction of vector product is perpendicular to the plane containing the two vectors and
 
its according to right hand rule. When fingers of right hand directed from A to B , then thumb
directed in the direction of resultant vector.
A×B
A×B

C =A× B 
n

n

A A
A B

B
B
A B

   
* Vector product does not follow commutative law. B A   A B d i
      
* Vector product follow distributive law A  ( B  C )  A  B  A  C
* The vector product of two parallel vectors is a zero vector
 
A  B  AB sin  n    0
 
A  B 0
 
According to definition of vector product of two vectors A  B  AB sin nˆ
 
  1
 |A  B| 
So |A  B| AB sin  i.e.   sin    
|A||B|
* The vector product of two vectors will be maximum when sin  = max. = 1, i.e., =90°
 
|A  B|max = AB sin 90° = AB
i.e. vector product is maximum if the vectors are orthogonal (perpendicular).
* The vector product of two non-zero vectors will be zero vector when sin = 0,
  
i.e. if  = 0° or 180° then AB  0
Therefore if the vector product of two non-zero vectors is zero vector, then the vectors are
collinear.
* The self cross product, i.e. cross product of a vector by itself is a zero vector or a null
vector.
  
i.e. A  A  AA sin 0nˆ 0
* In case of unit vector n
 
nˆ nˆ 1  1  sin00 nˆ
0 so that ˆ
i  iˆ  j ˆkˆ kˆ 0
 jˆ

* i, j and kˆ; according to right hand thumb rule

In case of orthogonal unit vectors ˆˆ

ˆ  kˆ,
i  jˆ j  kˆ iˆ
ˆ , kˆ ˆ
i  jˆ and ˆ  kˆ,
j  iˆ kˆ ˆ
j   iˆ i  kˆ  jˆ
, ˆ
î
Trick i  j  k i  k   j
+ve
j  k  i k  j   i
ĵ k̂

k  i  j –ve j  i   k

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 Vectors 13
 
* If A  A xˆ  A z kˆ and B  B xˆ
i  A y jˆ  B z kˆ, their cross-products is given by
i  B y jˆ

ˆi jˆ kˆ
 
A  B  Ax Ay Az  ˆ ˆ B A B )
ˆ B  A B )  k(A
i(A y B z  A z B y )  j(A x z z x x y y x

Bx By Bz

 
Check Point:- Calculate vector product of two vectors A  2 i  3j  4 k and B  3i  2 j  4 k

ˆi ˆj kˆ
 
A  B  2 3 4
Sol
3 2 4
 
= i (12  8)  j (8  12)  k ( 4  9) A  B  ( 4 i  4 j  5k )
 
  AB
* A unit vector ( n ) perpendicular to A as well as B is given by nˆ   .
AB

     
* If A , B and C are coplanar, then A.(B  C)  0 .
   
* Angle between (A  B) and (A  B) is 90 .
   
Check Point: A is East wards and B is downwards. Find the direction of A x× B ?
 
Sol. Applying right hand thumb rule we find that A  B is along North.
     
Check Point: If A.B | A  B | , find angle between A and B
   
Sol. A.B | A  B | AB cos  = AB sin  tan  = 1   = 45°
   
Check Point: (i) A is North-East and B is down wards, find the direction of A  B
   
(ii) Find B x× A if A  3 î – 2 ĵ  6k̂ and B  î – ĵ  k̂
Ans. (i) North - West. (ii) – 4 î – 3 ĵ  k̂

1   1  
* Area of a Triangle : = A  B  B  A
2 2
   
* Area of a Parallelogram: = A  B  B  A
 
* If d1 and d2 are the diagonals of the parallelogram, then it can be easily shown that the

1  
area of the parallelogram  | d1  d2 |.
2
  
* Law of Sines in a Triangle (Lami's theorem): Let A, B and C represent the sides of
triangle
   
by triangle low of vectors ABC  0
A B C
 
sin  sin  sin 

Target Course MASTERS ACADEMY 1-Anasagar Circular Road, Opp. Chaupati, Ajmer.  0145-2633111
 Vectors 14

a ay a
 
Note : (1) If two vectors A & B are parallel to each other then b  b  b  k (a const.)
x z

x y z

 
  A  B
(2) A unit vector perpendicular to A as well as B is n̂   
|A  B|
     
(3) A.(B  C)  Volume of the parallelopiped formed with A, B and C as sides.
 
* A / B has no meaning as in vector algebra there is no law of division of a vector by a vector (or a
scalar by a vector).
 
 3kˆand B  3iˆ 2jˆ
Check Point: The diagonals of a parallelogram are expressed as A  5iˆ 4 jˆ  kˆ.

Calculate the magnitude of area of this parallelogram.

 
Sol. When A and B are the diagonals of a parallelogram, then its

1  
Area = | A  B|
2

ˆ
i jˆ kˆ
  4 3 5 3 5 4
A B = 5 4 3 i j k
2  1 3 1 3 2
3 2 1

i ( 4)( 1)  (3)( 2)  jˆ

ˆ (5)( 1)  (3)(3)  kˆ(5)( 2)  ( 4)(3)  10iˆ 14 jˆ 2kˆ

  1   1
2 2 2
| A  B|  (10)  (14)  (2)  300 area of parallelogram= | A  B|  10 3  5 3
2 2
Equal Vectors: Two vectors of equal magnitudes and same directions are known as equal vectors.
Their x, y and z components in the same coordinates system must be equal.
 
If two vectors a  a xˆ  a z kˆ and b  b xˆ
i  a y jˆ  b z kˆ are equal vectors, we have
i  b y jˆ
   ax=bx, ay=by and az=bz
ab
Parallel Vectors: Two parallel vectors must have the same direction and may have unequal
magnitudes. Their x, y and z components in the same coordinate system bear the same ratio.
 
Consider two vectors a  a xˆ  a z kˆ and b  b xˆ
i  a y jˆ  b z kˆ, if they are parallel, we have
i  b y jˆ

  a ay az
ab  x  
bx by bz

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 Vectors 15
Tips & Tricks
1. A vector remains unchanged if it is displaced parallel to itself.
2. Addition and subtraction of vectors is possible with vectors of the same kind.
3. Multiplication of vectors is possible whether vectors are of the same kind or are of different
kinds.
4. A vector (or a scalar) cannot be divided by a vector, though a scalar can be divided by a
scalar.
5. The magnitude of the resultant of two equal vectors inclined to each other at an angle of 1200
is equal to the magnitude of either of the two vectors.
6. The resultant of any number of vectors which can be represented by the sides of a closed
polygon taken in the same order is zero. (Polygon law of vectors).
       
7. (a) A  B  A  (  B ). Further, ( A  B ) is a vector joining the tip of vector B to that of A.
   
(b) ( A  B )  ( B  A) which means vector subtraction is anti-commutative.
    
8. A  B  A  B (only if B is a zero vector).
9. A vector can be resolved into any number of component vectors. But we usually resolve a
vector into two rectangular components in a plane and into three rectangular components in
space.
10. The component of a vector perpendicular to the vector is always zero, i.e., a vector has no
component (and as such no effect) in a direction perpendicular to it.
 
11. Dot product of two vectors A and B varies from -AB to + AB.
12. Physical Meaning of Zero Vector
(i) It represents the position vector of the origin.
(ii) It represents the dispalcement vector of a stationary particle.
(iii) It represents the acceleration vector of a particle moving with uniform velocity.
13. A vector can be resolved into any number of pairs of rectangular
 
components. For example, if AC and CB are the two rectan-

gular components of AB , then ABC is a right angled triangle,
right angled at C, Fig. The locus of the point C is a circle with
AB as its diameter.
14. A vector can be resolved into any number of component vectors. But we usually resolve a
vector into two rectangular components in a plane and into three rectangular components in
space.
15. Two vectors at right angles to each other are independent of each other. This is due to the
reason that the component of each in the direction of the other is zero.
         
16. If A  B  B  C  C  A, then A  B  C  0 .
 
17. A / B has no meaning as in vector algebra there is no law of division of a vector by a vector
(or a scalar by a vector).

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 Vectors 16
Skill Based Questions (Solved)
 
Check Point: If P  3i  4j  12k then find magnitude and the direction cosines of the P .

 2 2 2
Sol. magnitude P is  Px  Py  Pz = 32  42  122 = 169  13

Px 3 Py 4 Pz 12
(ii) cos    , cos    , cos   
P 13 P 13 P 13

Check Point: Find out the angle made by ( i  j ) vector from X and Y axes respectively.
Y

i+ 
2 2
Sol. a  a x  a y  12  12  2

j
= 
a
ax 1

°


45
cos     = 45° 5°

=
a 2 =4

X
ay 1
cos      = 45° i  j is at bisector of X and Y axes.
a 2


Check Point: Find out the angle made by A  i  j  k vector from X, Y and Z axes respectively.

2 2 2
Sol. Given Ax = Ay = Az = 1 so A A x  A y  Az  1  1  1  3

Ax  1   cos 1
1
cos   or
A 3 3

Ay 1 1
cos    or   cos 1
A 3 3

Az  1   cos 1
1
cos   or
A 3 3
Check Point: A force of 4N is inclined at an angle of 60°° from the vertical.
Find out its components along horizontal and vertical directions.
Sol. Vertical Component = 4 cos 60° = 2N
Horizontal component = 4 sin 60° = 2 3 N
Check Point: A force is inclined at an angle of 60°° from the horizontal. If the horizontal component
of the force is 40N, calculate the vertical component.
Sol. Ax = 40N, Ay = ?,  = 60°
A
 Ax = A cos  40 = A cos 60° = or A = 80N
2

A 3 80 3
Now Ay = A sin 60° = = = 40 3 N = 40 × 1.732 = 69.28 N
2 2

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 Vectors 17

Check Point: Determine that vector which when added to the resultant of P  2i  7j  10k and


Q  i  2j  3k gives a unit vector along X-axis.
  
Sol. Resultant R  P  Q  (2i  7j  10k )  ( i  2j  3k )  3i  9j  7k
 
But R + required vector = i or required vector = i – R

R  i  (3i  9j  7k )  2i  9j  7k
Check Point: ABC is an equilateral triangle. Length of each side is 'a' and centroid is point O. Find
      C
(i) AB  BC CA  ? (ii) OA OB OC  ?

  
(iii) If |AB BC AC| = n a then n = ? a a

O
  
(iv) If AB  AC = n AO then n = ? A
a
B

  
Sol. (i) AB, BC and CA form a closed triangle in the same order

   
 AB  BC  CA  0

  
(ii) OA, OB and OC are three vectors of equal magnitude and are separated by 120° each

   
 OA  OB  OC  0

      
(iii) AB  BC  AC (AB  BC)  AC  2 AC

    
|AB  BC  AC||2 AC| 2|AC| 2a  n = 2

     
(iv) AB  AO  OB and AC  AO  OC

    
 AB  AC  2 AO  OB  OC ....................(1)

   
but OA  OB  OC  0

   
 OB  OC  OA  AO ....................(2)

   
by (1) and (2) AB  AC  2AO  AO

  
AB  AC  3AO  n = 3

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 Vectors 18
 
Check Point: Add vectors A , B and C which have equal magnitude of 50 unit and are
inclined at angles of 45°°, 135°° and 315°° respectively from x-axis. B Y
A
 
Sol. Angle between B and C =315°-135°= 180°

5°
13
45°
 They balance each other 18 X
0°

so sum these three is A = 50 unit at 45° from X-axis
C
Check Point: The sum of three vectors shown in figure, is zero.
C

(i) What is the magnitude of vector OB ? D 45° B
O

(ii) What is the magnitude of vector OC ?
A = 10N

Sol. Resolve OC into two rectangular components.
OD = OC cos 45° and OE = OC sin 45°
For zero resultant OE = OA or OC sin 45° = 10N

1 C E
OC  = 10N or OC  10 2N
2
45° B
and OD = OB or OC cos 45° = OB D O

1
or 10 2   OB or OB  10N
A = 10N
2

 OC  10 2N and OB  10N
Check Point: Find the magnitude of F1 and F2. If F1, F2 make angle 30°° and 45°° with F3 and
  
magnitude of F3 is 10 N. (given F1  F2 = F3 )
 F3
Sol. |F3 |  F1 cos 30F2 cos 45
& F2 sin 45° = F1 sin 30° F1
F2
45° 30°
3F1 F2 F2 F1
 10 =  , 
2 2 2 2

20 20 2
 F1 = & F2 =
3 1 3 1
  
Check Point: If two vectors A and B make angle 30°° and 45°° with their resultant and B has

 B
magnitude equal to 10, then find magnitude of A .
So B sin 60° = A sin 30°
60°
30° 
Bsin60°
 10 sin 60° = A sin 30° A

 A = 10 3 A sin 30
 
Check Point: If A and B have angle between them equals to 60°° and their resultant make, angle
  
45°° with A and A have magnitude equal to 10. Then Find magnitude of B .

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 Vectors 19
Sol. here a = 45° and b = 60° – 45° = 15°    
B C  A B
so A sin a = B sin b
10 sin 45° = B sin 45°

10
So B = sin 15 60°
2
45° 
A
10 1 – cos(2  15) 5
=  2– 3
2 2 2

Check Point: The magnitude of pairs of displacement vectors are given. Which pairs of displacement
vectors cannot be added to give a resultant vector of magnitude 13 cm?
(A) 4 cm, 16 cm (B) 20 cm, 7 cm (C) 1 cm, 15 cm (D) 6 cm, 8 cm
 
Sol. (C) Resultant of two vectors A and B must satisfy A~ B  R  A + B
       
Check Point: Three non zero vectors A , B and C satisfy the relation A  B  0 & A  C  0 . Then A
can be parallel to :
   
(A) B (B) C (C) B  C (D)
       
Sol. (D) A  B  0  A  B & A  C  0  A  C
      
But B  C is perpendicular to both B and C so A is parallel to B  C .
Check Point:  and  are the angle made by a vector from positive x & positive y-axes respectively.
Which set of  and  is not possible
(A) 45 0, 60 0 (B) 30 0, 60 0 (C) 60 0, 60 0 (D) 30 0, 45 0
Sol. (D) ,  must satisfy cos 2+cos2+cos2=1
       
Check Point: Let A , B and C , be unit vectors. Suppose that A  B  A  C  0 and the angle between B
 
and C is then
6

           3
(A) A   B  C  (B) A  2  B  C  (C) A  2  C  B  (D) BC 
2
 
      B  C   1
Sol. (BC) As A  B and A  C so A     But B  C =BC sin30° =
BC 2

          
So A  2  B  C  A  2  B  C  and A  2  B  C   2  C  B 
Check Point: Which of the following sets of concurrent forces may be in equilibrium?
(A) F1=3N, F2=5N, F3=1N (B) F1=3N, F2=5N, F3=6N
(C) F1=3N, F2=5N, F3=9N (D) F1=3N, F2=5N, F3=16 N
Sol. Ans. (B)
For equilibrium, net resultant force must be zero. These forces form a closed traingle such
that
F1~F2 F3  F1+F2  2N  F3  8N
        
Check Point : Vector product of three vectors is given by A  (B  C)  B(A.C)  C(A.B)

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 Vectors 20
Q.1 The value of ˆ
i  ( jˆ ˆ is
 k)

(A) 0 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 3
  
Q.2 The plane of vector A  (A  B) is lies in the plane of
     
(A) A (B) B (C) A  B (D) A and B

Q.3 The value of ˆ

i  (iˆ
 j)ˆ ˆ kˆ
 j ˆ( j ˆ
k)  (k ˆ is
 i) ˆ

(A) ˆ  kˆ
i  jˆ (B) ˆ  kˆ
i  jˆ (C) 0  3kˆ
(D) 3iˆ 3 jˆ
Sol.
1. Ans. (B)

ˆ 
i  jˆ 
 kˆ  j ˆ  
  k ˆi  j  0
i  kˆ

2. Ans. (D)
          
A   A  B  A  A  B  B  A  A  This vector lies in plane of A and B
3. Ans. (B)

     
i  i  j  i i  j  j i  i   j   i  j  kˆ
  
Check Point: If A  ˆ  3 kˆ , B   ˆ
i  2 jˆ  4 kˆ and C  3 ˆ
i  jˆ  12 kˆ, then find the angle between
i  3 jˆ
    
 
the vectors A  B  C and A  B in degrees.  
Sol. 90

ˆ
i jˆ kˆ
      
P  A  B  C  3iˆ 5kˆ and Q  AB  1  3kˆ
2 3  5iˆ 7jˆ
1 1 4
 
  P  Q 15  15
Angle between P&Q is given by cos     0    90
PQ PQ

      
Check Point: a and b are unit vectors and angle between them is . If a  2b and 5a  4b are perpen-
k
dicular to each other then find the integer value of k.
Sol. 3
       
(a  2b).(5a  4b)  0  5a 2  10a.b  8b2  4a.b  3  6 a.b  0

3 1 
 ab cos    cos       k  3
6 2 3

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 Vectors 21
Check Point:
Column–I Column II
   
(Operation of nonzero vectors P and Q ) (Possible angle between P and Q )
 
(A) |P  Q|  0 (P) 90°
   
(B) P  Q  3P.Q (Q) 180°
  
(C) P  Q  R and P+Q=R (R) 60°
   
(D) PQ  PQ (S) 0°

(T) 30°
Solution : Ans. (A)  Q,S ; (B)  R ; (C)  S ; (D)  P
   
F o r ( A )
|P  Q|  0 Angle between P and Q is 00 or 1800

For (B) PQ sin   3 PQ cos   sin   3 cos

Here cos must be positive so  = 60°

For (C) Here P2 + Q2 + 2PQcos = P2 +Q2 + 2PQ cos =1 =0°
For (D) Here P2 +Q2 + 2PQ cos=P2+Q2–2PQcos cos=0,  = 90°
Check Point: The position of a particle moving in XY-plane varies with time t as
x=t, y = 3t –5.
(i) What is the path traced by the particle?
(ii) When does the particle cross-x-axis?
Solution : (i) x=t, y=3t–5 By eliminating t from above two equations y = 3x –5
This is the equation of a straight line.

5
(ii) The particle crosses x-axis when y=0. So 0 = 3t –5  t =
3

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 Vectors 22

Skill Based Questions (Level - 1)

Addition and Subtraction
1. How many minimum number of coplanar 9. The unit vector along ˆi  ˆj is
vectors having different magnitudes can be (A) k̂ (B) ˆi  ˆj
added to give zero resultant ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) i  j (D) i  j
2 2
(C) 4 (D) 5 10. A vector is represented by 3 ˆi  ˆj  2 kˆ . Its
2. A hall has the dimensions
length in XY plane is
10 m  12 m  14 m . A fly starting at one corner
(A) 2 (B) 14
ends up at a diametrically opposite corner.
(C) 10 (D) 5
What is the magnitude of its displacement
11. Five equal forces of 10 N each are applied
(A) 17 m (B) 26 m
at one point and all are lying in one plane.
(C) 36 m (D) 21 m
If the angles between them are equal, the
3. 0 . 4ˆi  0 . 8 ˆj  ckˆ represents a unit vector when
resultant force will be
c is (A) Zero (B) 10 N
(A) – 0.2 (B) 0 .2 (C) 20 N (D) 10 2 N
(C) 0 .8 (D) 0 12. The angle made by the vector A  ˆi  ˆj with
4. 100 coplanar forces each equal to 10 N act x- axis is
on a body. Each force makes angle (A) 90° (B) 45°
 / 50 with the preceding force. What is the
(C) 22.5° (D) 30°
resultant of the forces 13. The value of a unit vector in the direction
(A) 1000 N (B) 500 N of vector A  5ˆi  12 ˆj, is
(C) 250 N (D) Zero
(A) î (B) ˆj
5. The magnitude of a given vector with end
(C) (ˆi  ˆj) / 13 (D) (5ˆi  12 ˆj) / 13
points (4, – 4, 0) and (– 2, – 2, 0) must be
14. Any vector in an arbitrary direction can
(A) 6 (B) 5 2
always be replaced by two (or three)
(C) 4 (D) 2 10
(A) Parallel vectors which have the
6. The angles which a vector ˆi  ˆj  2 kˆ
original vector as their resultant
makes with X, Y and Z axes respectively are (B) Mutually perpendicular vectors which
(A) 60°, 60°, 60° (B) 45°, 45°, 45° have the original vector as their resultan
(C) 60°, 60°, 45° (D) 45°, 45°, 60° (C) Arbitrary vectors which have the
 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
7. The expression  i  j  is a original vector as their resultant
 2 2 
(D) It is not possible to resolve a vector
(A) Unit vector 15. Angular momentum is
(B) Null vector (A) A scalar (B) A polar vector
(C) Vector of magnitude 2 (C) An axial vector (D) None of these
(D) Scalar 16. If a vector P making angles , , and 
8. ˆ ˆ
Given vector A  2i  3 j, the angle between respectively with the X, Y and Z axes
A and y-axis is respectively. Then sin 2   sin 2   sin 2  
(A) tan 1 3 / 2 (B) tan 1 2 / 3 (A) 0 (B) 1
1 1
(C) sin 2 / 3 (D) cos 2 / 3 (C) 2 (D) 3

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 Vectors 23
17. Two forces, each of magnitude F have a 24. If | A  B | | A | | B |, the angle between
resultant of the same magnitude F. The Aand B is
angle between the two forces is (A) 60° (B) 0°
(A) 45° (B) 120° (C) 150° (D) 60° (C) 120° (D) 90°
18. For the resultant of the two vectors to be
25. At what angle must the two forces (x + y)
maximum, what must be the angle
and (x – y) act so that the resultant may be
between them
(x 2  y 2 )
(A) 0° (B) 60° (C) 90° (D) 180°
19. A particle is simultaneously acted by two  x 2  y 2   2(x 2  y 2 ) 
(A) cos  1   (B) cos 1   2 
 2(x 2  y 2 )   x  y 2 
forces equal to 4 N and 3 N. The net force   

on the particle is  x2  y2   x2  y2 
(C) cos  1    (D) cos  1   
 x2  y2   x2  y2 
(A) 7 N    
(B) 5 N 26. Let the angle between two nonzero
(C) 1 N vectors A and B be 120° and resultant be
(D) Between 1 N and 7 N C
20. Two vectors A and B lie in a plane, another (A) C must be equal to | A  B|
vector C lies outside this plane, then the
(B) C must be less than | A  B|
resultant of these three vectors i.e., A  B  C
(C) C must be greater than | A  B|
(A) Can be zero
(B) Cannot be zero (D) C may be equal to | A  B|

(C) Lies in the plane containing A  B 27. Fig. shows ABCDEF as a regular hexagon.
(D) Lies in the plane containing A  B What is the value of AB  AC  AD  AE  AF
21. If the resultant of the two forces has a E D
magnitude smaller than the magnitude of (A) AO
larger force, the two forces must be (B) 2 AO
F C
(A) Different both in magnitude and (C) 4 AO O
direction (D) 6 AO
A B
(B) Mutually perpendicular to one another
(C) Possess extremely small magnitude 28. The magnitude of vector A, B and C are
(D) Point in opposite directions respectively 12, 5 and 13 units and
22. Forces F1 and F2 act on a point mass in A  B  C then the angle between A and B
two mutually perpendicular directions. The is
resultant force on the point mass will be (A) 0 (B) 
(A) F1  F2 (B) F1  F2 (C)  / 2 (D)  / 4
(C) F12  F22 (D) F12  F22 29. Magnitude of vector which comes on
23. Find the resultant of three vectors OA, OB
addition of two vectors, 6ˆi  7 ˆj and 3ˆi  4 ˆj
is
and OC shown in the following figure.
(A) 136 (B) 13 .2
Radius of the circle is R. C
(A) 2R B
(C) 202 (D) 160
45o 30. A particle has displacement of 12 m
(B) R(1  2 ) 45o
A towards east and 5 m towards north then 6
(C) R 2 O
m vertically upward. The sum of these
(D) R( 2  1)
displacements is
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 Vectors 24
(A) 12 (B) 10.04 m (B) Moving with a uniform velocity
(C) 14.31 m (D) None of these (C) In equilibrium
31. The three vectors A  3ˆi  2 ˆj  kˆ , B  ˆi  3 ˆj  5 kˆ (D) Moving with an acceleration
and C  2ˆi  ˆj  4 kˆ form 38. The sum of two forces acting at a point is
(A) An equilateral triangle 16 N. If the resultant force is 8 N and its
(B) Isosceles triangle direction is perpendicular to minimum
(C) A right angled triangle force then the forces are
(D) No triangle (A) 6 N and 10 N (B) 8 N and 8 N
32. For the fig. (C) 4 N and 12 N (D) 2 N and 14 N
39. If vectors P, Q and R have magnitude 5, 12
(A) AB C
C and 13 units and P  Q  R, the angle
(B) BC  A B
between Q and R is
(C) CAB
5 5
A (A) cos  1 (B) cos  1
(D) ABC  0 12 13
12 7
(C) cos  1 (D) cos  1
13 13
33. Let C  A  B then
40. The resultant of two vectors A and B is
(A) | C | is always greater then | A|
perpendicular to the vector A and its
(B) It is possible to have | C | | A | and
magnitude is equal to half the magnitude
| C | | B | of vector B. The angle between A and B is
(C) C is always equal to A + B (A) 120° (B) 150°
(D) C is never equal to A + B (C) 135° (D) None of these
34. The value of the sum of two vectors A and 41. What vector must be added to the two
B with  as the angle between them is vectors ˆi  2ˆj  2kˆ and 2ˆi  ˆj  kˆ , so that the
(A) A 2  B 2  2 AB cos  resultant may be a unit vector along x-

(B) A 2  B 2  2 AB cos 
axis
(A) 2ˆi  ˆj  kˆ (B)  2ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
(C) A 2  B 2  2 AB sin 
(C) 2ˆi  ˆj  kˆ (D)  2ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
(D) A 2  B 2  2 AB sin 
42. What is the angle between P and the
35. Following forces start acting on a particle
resultant of (P  Q) and (P  Q)
at rest at the origin of the co-ordinate
(A) Zero (B) tan 1 P / Q
system simultaneously
(C) tan 1 Q / P (D) tan 1 (P  Q) /(P  Q)
F1  4ˆi  5 ˆj  5 kˆ , F 2  5ˆi  8 ˆj  6 kˆ ,
43. The resultant of P and Q is perpendicular
F 3  3ˆi  4 ˆj  7 kˆ
and F 4  2ˆi  3 ˆj  2kˆ then
to P. What is the angle between P and Q
the particle will move
(A) In x – y plane (B) In y – z plane (A) cos 1 (P / Q) (B) cos 1 ( P / Q)

(C) In x – z plane (D) Along x -axis (C) sin 1 (P / Q) (D) sin 1 ( P / Q)

36. Following sets of three forces act on a 44. Maximum and minimum magnitudes of
body. Whose resultant cannot be zero the resultant of two vectors of magnitudes
(A) 10, 10, 10 (B) 10, 10, 20 P and Q are in the ratio 3 : 1 . Which of the
(C) 10, 20, 20 (D) 10, 20, 40 following relations is true
37. When three forces of 50 N, 30 N and 15 N (A) P  2Q (B) P  Q
act on a body, then the body is (C) PQ  1 (D) None of these
(A) At rest
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 Vectors 25
45. The resultant of A  B is R 1 . On reversing displacement of 7.0 m pointing in the x-
the vector B, the resultant becomes direction
R 2 . What is the value of R12  R 22 (A) 18 ˆi  6 ˆj (B) 32ˆi  13 ˆj
(A) A 2  B 2 (B) A 2  B 2 (C)  18 ˆi  6 ˆj (D)  25ˆi  13 ˆj
(C) 2( A 2  B 2 ) (D) 2( A 2  B 2 ) 53. A body moves due East with velocity 20
46. The resultant of two vectors P and Q is
km/hour and then due North with velocity 15
R. If Q is doubled, the new resultant is
km/hour. The resultant velocity
perpendicular to P. Then R equals
(A) P (B) (P+Q) (C) Q (D) (P–Q) (A) 5 km/hour (B) 15 km/hour
47. Two forces, F1 and F2 are acting on a (C) 20 km/hour (D) 25 km/hour
body. One force is double that of the other 54. A particle is moving on a circular path of
force and the resultant is equal to the radius r with uniform velocity v. The
greater force. Then the angle between the change in velocity when the particle
two forces is
moves from P to Q is (POQ  40 )
(A) cos 1 (1 / 2) (B) cos 1 (1 / 2)
(C) cos 1 (1 / 4 ) (D) cos 1 (1 / 4 ) P
48. Given that A  B  C and that C is  to A . (A) 2v cos 40  r

Further if | A | | C |, then what is the angle (B) 2v sin 40 

O 40o v

between A and B (C) 2v sin 20  Q

(A)  radian (B)  radian (D) 2v cos 20 
v
4 2
3
(C) radian (D)  radian
4
55. The length of second's hand in watch is 1
49. Figure below shows a body of mass M
cm. The change in velocity of its tip in 15
moving with the uniform speed on a
seconds is
circular path of radius, R. What is the

change in acceleration in going from P1 to (A) Zero (B) cm / sec
30 2
P2
P2   2
(C) cm / sec (D) cm / sec
(A) Zero v 30 30
(B) v 2 / 2 R Scalar Product and Vector Product
(C) 2v 2 / R P1
Consider two vectors F 1  2ˆi  5 kˆ and
R
56.
v2
(D)  2 F 2  3 ˆj  4 kˆ . The magnitude of the scalar
R
50. A body is at rest under the action of three product of these vectors is
 
forces, two of which are F1  4ˆi , F2  6 ˆj, the (A) 20 (B) 23
third force is (C) 5 33 (D) 26
(A) 4ˆi  6 ˆj (B) 4ˆi  6 ˆj 57. Consider a vector F  4ˆi  3 ˆj. Another
(C)  4ˆi  6 ˆj (D)  4ˆi  6 ˆj vector that is perpendicular to F is
51. A plane is revolving around the earth with
(A) 4ˆi  3 ˆj (B) 6 î
a speed of 100 km/hr at a constant height
(C) 7 k̂ (D) 3ˆi  4 ˆj
from the surface of earth. The change in
the velocity as it travels half circle is 58. Two vectors A and B are at right angles
(A) 200 km/hr (B) 150 km/hr to each other, when
(C) 100 2 km / hr (D) 0 (A) A  B  0 (B) A  B  0
52. What displacement must be added to the (C) A  B  0 (D) A . B  0
displacement 25ˆi  6 ˆj m to give a 59. If | V 1  V 2 | | V 1  V 2 | and V2 is finite, then

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 Vectors 26
(A) V1 is parallel to V2 (C) 11 units (D) 5 units
(B) V1  V 2 67. The angle between the two vector
(C) V1 and V2 are mutually perpendicular A  5ˆi  5 ˆj and B  5ˆi  5 ˆj will be

(D) | V 1 | | V 2 | (A) Zero (B) 45°

(C) 90° (D) 180°
60. A force F  (5ˆi  3 ˆj) Newton is applied over
68. The vector P  ai  aj  3kˆ and Q  aˆi  2ˆj  kˆ
ˆ ˆ
a particle which displaces it from its origin
are perpendicular to each other. The
to the point r  (2ˆi  1ˆj) metres. The work
positive value of a is
done on the particle is
(A) 3 (B) 4
(A) – 7 joules (B) +13 joules
(C) 9 (D) 13
(C) +7 joules (D) +11 joules
69. A body, constrained to move in the Y-
61. The angle between two vectors  2ˆi  3 ˆj  kˆ
direction is subjected to a force given by
and ˆi  2ˆj  4 kˆ is F  (2ˆi  15 ˆj  6 kˆ ) N . What is the work done
(A) 0°
by this force in moving the body a distance
(B) 90°
10 m along the Y-axis
(C) 180°
(A) 20 J (B) 150 J
(D) None of the above
(C) 160 J (D) 190 J
62. The angle between the vectors (ˆi  ˆj) and 70. A particle moves in the x-y plane under the
(ˆj  kˆ )
is action of a force F such that the value of
(A) 30° (B) 45° its liner momentum (P) at anytime t is
(C) 60° (D) 90° Px  2 cos t, p y  2 sin t. The angle  between F

63. A particle moves with a velocity and P at a given time t. will be

ˆ
6ˆi  4 ˆj  3 k m / s under the influence of a
(A)   0  (B)   30 
(C)   90  (D)   180 
constant force F  20ˆi  15 ˆj  5 kˆ N . The
71. The area of the parallelogram represented
instantaneous power applied to the particle
by the vectors A  2ˆi  3 ˆj and B  ˆi  4 ˆj is
is
(A) 14 units (B) 7.5 units
(A) 35 J/s (B) 45 J/s
(C) 10 units (D) 5 units
(C) 25 J/s (D) 195 J/s
72. For any two vectors A and B if
64. If P.Q  PQ, then angle between P and Q is
A . B  | A  B |, the magnitude of C  A  B is
(A) 0° (B) 30°
equal to
(C) 45° (D) 60°
(A) A2  B2
65. Two constant forces F1  2ˆi  3 ˆj  3kˆ (N) and
(B) AB
F2  ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ (N) act on a body and displace
AB
it from the position r1  ˆi  2 ˆj  2kˆ (m) to the (C) A2  B2 
2
position r2  7ˆi  10 ˆj  5 kˆ (m). What is the (D) A 2  B 2  2  AB
work done 73. A vector F 1 is along the positive X-axis. If
(A) 9 J (B) 41 J
its vector product with another vector
(C) – 3 J (D) None of these
F 2 is zero then F 2 could be
66. ˆ ˆ ˆ
A force F  5 i  6 j  4 k acting on a body,
(A) 4 ˆj (B)  (ˆi  ˆj)
produces a displacement S  6ˆi  5 kˆ . Work
(C) (ˆj  kˆ ) (D) (4ˆi )
done by the force is
(A) 10 units (B) 18 units
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 Vectors 27
74. If for two vectors A and B, A  B  0, the (A) Zero
vectors (B) Along west
(A) Are perpendicular to each other (C) Along east
(B) Are parallel to each other (D) Vertically downward
(C) Act at an angle of 60° 82. Angle between the vectors (ˆi  ˆj) and (ˆj  kˆ )
(D) Act at an angle of 30° is
75. The angle between vectors (A  B) and (A) 90° (B) 0°
(B  A) is (C) 180° (D) 60°
(A) Zero (B)  83. Two vectors P  2ˆi  bˆj  2kˆ and Q  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
(C)  / 4 (D)  / 2 will be parallel if
76. What is the angle between ( P  Q) and (A) b = 0 (B) b = 1
(C) b = 2 (D) b= – 4
(P  Q )
84. The position vectors of points A, B, C and D

(A) 0 (B) are
2
 A  3ˆi  4 ˆj  5 kˆ , B  4ˆi  5 ˆj  6 kˆ , C  7ˆi  9 ˆj  3 kˆ
(C) (D) 
4
and D  4ˆi  6 ˆj then the displacement
77. The resultant of the two vectors having
vectors AB and CD are
magnitude 2 and 3 is 1. What is their cross
(A) Perpendicular
product
(B) Parallel
(A) 6 (B) 3
(C) Antiparallel
(C) 1 (D) 0
(D) Inclined at an angle of 60°
78. Which of the following is the unit vector
85. Which of the following is not true ? If
perpendicular to A and B
A  3ˆi  4 ˆj and B  6ˆi  8 ˆj where A and B
ˆ  Bˆ
A ˆ  Bˆ
A
(A) (B) are the magnitudes of A and B
AB sin  AB cos 
A 1
AB AB (A) AB  0 (B) 
(C) (D) B 2
AB sin  AB cos 
(C) A . B  48 (D) A = 5
79. Let A  ˆi A cos   ˆjA sin  be any vector.
86. If force (F)  4ˆi  5 ˆj and displacement
Another vector B which is normal to A is
(s)  3ˆi  6 kˆthen the work done is
(A) ˆi B cos   j B sin 
(A) 4  3 (B) 5  6
(B) ˆi B sin   j B cos 
(C) 6  3 (D) 4  6
(C) ˆi B sin   j B cos 
87. If | A  B | | A . B |, then angle between A and
(D) ˆi B cos   j B sin 
B will be
80. The angle between two vectors given by (A) 30° (B) 45°
6 i  6 j  3 k and 7 i  4 j  4 k is (C) 60° (D) 90°
 1   5  88. In an clockwise system
(A) cos 1  
 (B) cos 1  

 3  3 (A) ˆj  kˆ  ˆi (B) ˆi . ˆi  0
 2   5 (C) ˆj  ˆj  1 (D) kˆ . ˆj  1
(C) sin 1  
 (D) sin 1  
 3 
 3   89. The linear velocity of a rotating body is
81. A vector A points vertically upward and given by v    r, where  is the angular
B points towards north. The vector product velocity and r is the radius vector. The
A  B is

Target Course MASTERS ACADEMY. 1-Anasagar Circular Road, Opp. Chaupati, Ajmer -0145-2633111
 Vectors 28
angular velocity of a body is   ˆi  2 ˆj  2kˆ (A) A  B (B) A – B
and the radius vector r  4 ˆj  3 kˆ , then | v | is (C) 3A – 3B (D) All of these
(A) 29 units (B) 31 units 97. Find the torque of a force F  3ˆi  ˆj  5 kˆ

(C) 37 units (D) 41 units acting at the point r  7ˆi  3 ˆj  kˆ

90. Three vectors a, b and c satisfy the relation (A) 14 ˆi  38 ˆj  16 kˆ (B) 4ˆi  4 ˆj  6 kˆ

a.b  0 and a . c  0. The vector a is parallel (C) 21ˆi  4 ˆj  4 kˆ (D)  14 ˆi  34 ˆj  16 kˆ

to 98. The value of ( A  B)  ( A  B) is

(A) b (B) c (A) 0 (B) A 2  B 2
(C) b.c (D) bc (C) B  A (D) 2(B  A)
91. The diagonals of a parallelogram are 2 î 99. A particle of mass m = 5 is moving with a
uniform speed v  3 2 in the XOY plane
and 2ˆj. What is the area of the
along the line Y  X  4 . The magnitude of
parallelogram
the angular momentum of the particle
(A) 0.5 units (B) 1 unit
about the origin is
(C) 2 units (D) 4 units
(A) 60 units (B) 40 2 units
92. What is the unit vector perpendicular to
(C) Zero (D) 7.5 units
the following vectors 2ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ and
100. P, Q and R are three coplanar forces acting
6ˆi  3 ˆj  2kˆ
at a point and are in equilibrium. Given P =
ˆi  10 ˆj  18 kˆ ˆi  10 ˆj  18 kˆ
(A) (B) 1.9318 kg wt, sin 1  0.9659, the value of R is
5 17 5 17
( in kg wt)
ˆi  10 ˆj  18 kˆ ˆi  10 ˆj  18 kˆ
(C) (D) (A) 0.9659
5 17 5 17 P 150o Q
(B) 2
93. The area of the parallelogram whose sides 2 1
(C) 1
are represented by the vectors ˆj  3kˆ and R
1
ˆi  2 ˆj  kˆ (D)
is 2

(A) 61 sq.unit (B) 59 sq.unit 101. A body is in equilibrium under the action
(C) 49 sq.unit (D) 52 sq.unit the action of three coplanar forces P, Q and
94. The area of the triangle formed by 2ˆi  ˆj  kˆ R as shown in the figure. Select the correct

ˆi  ˆj  kˆ statement
and is
P Q R
(A) 3 sq.unit (B) 2 3 sq. unit (A)  
sin  sin  sin 
14 P Q R Q 
(C) 2 14 sq. unit (D) sq. unit (B)   P
2 cos  cos  cos   
95. The position of a particle is given by P Q R R
(C)  
r  (i  2 j  k ) momentum P  (3 i  4 j  2k ). The tan  tan  tan 

angular momentum is perpendicular to P Q R

(D)  
sin  sin  sin 
(A) x-axis
(B) y-axis 102. If a body is in equilibrium under a set of
(C) z-axis non-collinear forces, then the minimum
(D) Line at equal angles to all the three number of forces has to be
axes (A) Four (B) Three
96. Two vector A and B have equal magnitudes. (C) Two (D) Five
Then the vector A + B is perpendicular to

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 Vectors 29
103. How many minimum number of non-zero (A) P  W tan 
vectors in different planes can be added to (B) T  P W  0
 
give zero resultant (C) T 2  P2  W 2
(A) 2 (B) 3 (D) T  P W P
(C) 4 (D) 5 W

104. A metal sphere is hung by a string fixed to 105. As shown in figure the tension in the
a wall. The sphere is pushed away from horizontal cord is 30 N. The weight W and
the wall by a stick. The forces acting on tension in the string OA in Newton are
the sphere are shown in the second
(A) 30 3 , 30
diagram. Which of the following A
(B) 30 3 , 60 30o
statements is wrong
(C) 60 3 , 30 30 N

(D) None of these O

Answers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B D B D D C A B C C A B D C C
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C B A D B D C B A A C D C C C
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
C C B A B D D A C B B A B A C
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
C C C D D A C D B D A C D C C
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
B C B A A A C A B C B D D B B
76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
B D C C D B D C C C A B A A D
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
C C B D A A A D A C A B C D B

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 Vectors 30
Skill Based Questions (Level - 2)
106. For the resultantof two vectors to be (C) 10, 20, 20 (D) 10, 20, 40
maximum, what must be the angle between 114. If  Ckˆ represents a unit vector,
0.4iˆ 0.8jˆ
them :
(A) 00 (B) 600 then c is :
(C) 90 0
(D) 1800 (A) – 0.2 (B) 0.2
(C) 0.8 (D) 0
 4kˆ is :
107. Magnitude of 7iˆ 4 jˆ
   
115. Given that P  Q  P  Q . This can be true
(A) 7 (B) 75
when :
(C) 13 (D) 9    
(A) P  Q (B) Q  0

108. The angle that the vector A  2i  3j makes  
(C) Neither P nor Q is a null vector
with y-axis is :  
(A) tan-1 (3/2) (B) tan-1 (2/3) (D) P is perpendicular to Q
 
(C) sin (2/3)
-1
(D) cos-1 (3/2) 116. The resultant of A and B makes an angle
109. Which one of the following statement is  
 with A and  with B , then :
false :
(A) <
(A) Mass, speed and energy are scalars
(B) <  if A < B
(B) Momentum, force and torque are vectors
(C)  <  if A > B
(C) Distance is a scalar while displacement
(D)  <  if A = B
is a vector
117. Which of the sets given below may represent
(D) A vector has only magnitude where as
the magnitudes of three vectors adding to
a scalar has both magnitude and direction
zero :
110. In vector diagram shown in figure where
   (A) 2, 4, 8 (B) 4, 8, 16
( R ) is the resultant of vectors ( A ) and ( B ). (C) 1, 2, 1 (D) 0.5, 1, 2

B 118. Vector P makes angle ,  and  with the
If R = , the value of angle  is :
2 X, Y and Z axes respectively.
(A) 30o Then sin2  + sin2  + sin2  =
B
(B) 45o R (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
(C) 60o  119. The direction cosines of a vector ˆ  2 kˆ
i  jˆ
(D) 75o A
are :-
 is a unit vector in the direction of the
111. If n
 1 1 1 1 1
vector A , then :- (A) , , 1 (B) , ,
2 2 2 2 2

A   1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) nˆ  (B) nˆ A|A| (C) , , (D) , ,
|A| 2 2 2 2 2 2
    
|A|  120. Two vectors A and B are such that A+B
(C) nˆ  (D) nˆ nˆ
A 
A = C and A2 + B2 = C2. Which of the
 
112. Two vectors A and B lie in a plane, following statements, is correct:-
  
another vector C lies outside this plane, (A) A is parallel to B
 
then the resultant of these three vectors (B) A is anti-parallel to B
    
i.e. A  B  C : (C) A is perpendicular to B
(A) Can be zero (B) Cannot be zero  
(D) A and B are equal in magnitude
 
(C) Lies in the plane containing A & B
  121. A vector perpendicular to 4i  3j e j may be
(D) Lies in the plane containing B & C 
(A) 4i  3 j (B) 7k
113. Following sets of three forces act on a
body. Whose resultant cannot be zero ? (C) 6i (D) 3i  4j
(A) 10, 10, 10 (B) 10, 10, 20 122. W h a t is the torque of the force

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 Vectors 31
 statement :
e j
F  2i  3j  4k N, acting at the point
(A) ˆ
i.iˆ
1 (B) ˆ  kˆ
i  jˆ

r  e3i  2j  3k j m about the origin (in N –
(C) ˆ
i.jˆ
0 i  kˆ  iˆ
(D) ˆ
m) :  
131. Two vectors P and Q are inclined to each
(A) 6i  6j  12k (B) 17i  6j  13k
other at angle . Which of the following is
(C) 6i  6j  12k (D) 17i  6j  13k  
the unit vector perpendicular to P and Q ?
123. Correct relation is :  
PQ ˆ Q
P ˆ
(A) j  k  i (B) i  i  0 (A) (B)
P.Q sin 
(C) j  j  1 (D) k  i  1 ˆ Qˆ ˆ Q

 P P
124. Two vectors  kˆ
A  3iˆ 2jˆ and (C) (D)
PQ sin  PQ sin 
 
 Pkˆare
B  5iˆ 9jˆ perpendicular to each 132. A force F  (5iˆ 3j)ˆ newton is applied over
other. The value of 'P' is :- a particle which displaces it to the point
(A) 3 (B) –3 
r  (2iˆ j)ˆ meter from the origin. The work
(C) –2 (D) 2
125. Area of a parallelogram, whose diagonals done on the particle is :
(A) –7 J (B) +13 J
 2kˆ and ˆ
are 3iˆ jˆ  4kˆ will be :
i  3jˆ (C) +7 J (D) 11 J
(A) 14 unit (B) 5 3 unit 133. The magnitude of the vector product of two
 
(C) 10 3 unit (D) 20 3 unit vectors A and B may not be :
  (A) Greater than AB (B) Less than
126. If A  3iˆ 4 jˆ
and B  6iˆ 8jˆand A and B are AB
 
the magnitudes of A and B , then which (C) Equal to AB (D) Equal to zero
  
of the following is not true ? 134. If P  Q  R , then which of the following
  A 1 statements is not true :
(A) A  B  0 (B)     
B 2 (A) R  P (B) R  Q
 
(C) A.B  48 (D) A = 5      
  (C) R  (P  Q) (D) R  (P  Q)
127. Two vectors A and B are at right angle 
to each other, when :- 135. The vector B  5iˆ 2jˆ Skˆis perpendicular to
      
(A) A  B  0 (B) A – B  0  2kˆ if S =
the vector A  3iˆ jˆ
    
(C) A  B  0 (D) A.B  0 (A) 1 (B) 4.7
(C) 6.3 (D) 8.5
128. A force (3iˆ 2j)ˆN displaces an object through
136. Electro motive force (EMF) is :
a distance (2iˆ 3j)ˆm. The work done is : (A) scalar
(A) zero (B) 12 J (B) vector
(C) 5 J (D) 13 J (C) neither scalar nor vector
 (D) none of these
129. A vector F1 is along the positive X-axis. If
137. A physical quantity which has a direction :
 (A) must be a vector (B) may be a vector
its vector product with another vector F2 is
 (C) must be a scalar (D) none of the above
zero then F2 may be : 138. Which of the following physical quantities is
an axial vector ?
(A) 4ˆ
j (B) – (iˆ j)ˆ (A) displacement (B) force
ˆ
(C) (iˆ k) ˆ
(D) (4i) (C) velocity (D) torque
139. The minimum number of vectors of equal
j and kˆ are unit vectors along X, Y
i, ˆ
130. If ˆ mangitude required to produce a zero
& Z axis respectively, then tick the wrong resultant is :
(A) 2 (B) 3
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 Vectors 32
(C) 4 (D) more than 4 (A) 90 0
(B) 180 0

140. How many minimum number of coplanar (C) 00 (D) 600

vectors having different magnitudes can be   
151. Given that P = Q = R. If P  Q  R then
added to give zero resultant:-  
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 th e an gl e b et we en P&R is 1 . If
     
141. How many minimum number of vectors in P+Q+R  0 then the angle between P & R
different planes can be added to give zero is 2. What is the relation between 1 and
resultant:- 2 :
(A) 2 (B) 3
2
(C) 4 (D) 5 (A) 1 = 2 (B) 1 
142. What is the maximum number of components 2
into which a vector can be split ? (C) 1 = 22 (D) None of the above
(A) 2 (B) 3 152. At what angle must the two forces (x + y)
(C) 4 (D) Infinite and (x – y) act so that the resultant may
143. What is the maximum number of rectangular
components into which a vector can be
be x 2

 y2 ?

split in its own plane ?   (x2  y2 ) 

(A) 2 (B) 3 (A) cos–1  2(x2  y2 ) 
(C) 4 (D) Infinite  
144. What is the maximum number of rectangular   2(x2  y2 ) 
components into which a vector can be (B) cos–1  x2  y2 
split in space ?  
(A) 2 (B) 3   (x2  y2 ) 
(C) 4 (D) Infinite (C) cos–1   x y 
2 2 

145. The vector sum of the forces of 10 newton

and 6 newton can be :  (x2  y2 ) 
(A) 2N (B) 8N (D) cos–1  x2  y2 
(C) 18N (D) 20N  
146. Vector sum of two forces of 10N and 6N 153. Three forces P, Q & R are acting at a
cannot be : point in a plane. The angle between P and
(A) 4N (B) 8N Q, Q and R are 150o and 120o respectively.
(C) 12N (D) 2N Then for equilibrium, forces P, Q & R are
in the ratio :
147. The unit vector along ˆ
i  jˆis :
(A) 1 : 2 : 3 (B) 1 : 2 : 3
(A) kˆ (B) ˆ
i  jˆ (C) 3 : 2 : 1 (D) 31/2 : 2 : 1
   
ˆ
i  jˆ ˆ
i  jˆ 154. Given that A  B  C  0 . Out of these three
(C) (D) vectors two are equal in magnitude and
2 2
 
148. What is the projection of A on B ? the magnitude of the third vector is 2
   times as that of either of the two having
(A) A.B (B) A.B ˆ
  equal magnitude. Then the angles between
(C) B.A ˆˆ
(D) A.B vectors are given by :

149. What is the angle between A and the (A) 30o, 60o, 90o
  (B) 45o, 45o, 90o
 
ˆ and A  B
resultant of A  B 
ˆ ?
 (C) 45o, 60o, 90o
(D) 90o, 135o, 135o
1 A  
(A) 0° (B) tan  B  155. The resultant of two vectors P and Q is
 
 
R . If Q is doubled then the new resultant
1 B 1  AB 
(C) tan  A  (D) tan  A  B  vector is perpendicular to ' P '. Then R is
   
equal to :
150. The angle between vectors e j
i  j and ej  k j
is :
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 Vectors 33
   
 P2  Q2 
(A)  2PQ  (B) Q (C) (D)
P PQ 161. What is the value of   
A  B  AB  ?
  Q PQ (A) 0 (B) A – B 2 2

156. Two forces, each numerically equal to 10 (C) A2 + B2 + 2AB (D) none of these
     
dyne are acting as shown in the following 162. If A  B  0 and B  C  0 , then the angle
figure.  
between A and C may be :
Their resultant is :


ne
(A) 10 dyne
(A) zero (B)

dy
(B) 20 dyne 4

10
(C) 10 3 dyne = 60°

10 dyne (C) (D) none of these
(D) 5 dyne 2
 
157. What is the angle between ( i  j  k ) and i 163. What is the angle between ( A  B ) and
 
? (A  B) ?
 
(A) (B)  
6 4 (A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 
4 2
  1  1  
(C) (D) cos   164. The resultant of A and B is perpendicular
3  3  
158. What is the component of (3iˆ 4j)ˆ along to A . What is the angle between A and

B ?
(iˆ j)ˆ ?
A  A
(B) cos   B 
-1 -1
(A) cos  B 
(A)
2

1 ˆ ˆ
ji  (B)
3 ˆ ˆ
2
ji      

A  A

5 ˆ ˆ
 
7 ˆ ˆ
 (D) sin   B 
-1 -1
(C) ji (D) ji (C) sin  B 
2 2    
  
   165. The resultant of A & B is R1 . On reversing
159. If ABC and A + B = C, then the  
  the vector B , the resultant becomes R2 .
angle between A and B is :
What is the value of R12 +R22 ?
 
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)  (A) A2 + B2 (B) A2 – B2
4 2
  (C) 2(A + B )
2 2
(D) 2(A2 – B2)
160. If A  B is a unit vector along x-axis and
 
Aˆ  kˆ, then what is B ?
i  jˆ

j  kˆ
(A) ˆ j  kˆ
(B) ˆ
(C) ˆ  kˆ
i  jˆ (D) ˆ  kˆ
i  jˆ

Answe rs
106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
A D B D B A B D B B C C C C C
121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135
B B A A B C D A D D B C A D D
136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
A B D A B C D A B B D C B A D
151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165
B A D D B A D D A B A A C B C

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 Vectors 34
+

Assertion & Reason Type Questions

The following questions consists of two statements each, printed as Assertion and Reason.

While answering these questions you are to choose any one of the following four responses.

(A) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of the

Assertion.

(B) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of the

Assertion.

(C) If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

(D) If Assertion is false but Reason is true.

     
1. Assertion : A  B is perpendicular to both A  B as well as A  B.
       
Reason : A  B as well as AB lie in the plane containing A and B, but AB lies
 
perpendicular to the plane containing A and B.

2. Assertion : Angle between ˆi  ˆj and ˆi is 45°

Reason : ˆi  ˆj is equally inclined to both î and ˆj and the angle between î and ˆj is 90°
 
  AB
3. Assertion : If  be the angle between A and B, then tan    
A. B
   
Reason : A  B is perpendicular to A.B
     
4. Assertion : If | A  B |  | A  B | , then angle between A and B is 90°
   
Reason : A  B  B  A
5. Assertion : Vector product of two vectors is an axial vector
  
Reason : If v = instantaneous velocity, r = radius vector and  = angular velocity, then
  
  v  r.

6. Assertion : Minimum number of non-equal vectors in a plane required to give zero resultant is
three.
   
Reason : If A  B  C  0, then they must lie in one plane
7. Assertion : Relative velocity of A w.r.t. B is greater than the velocity of either, when they
are moving in opposite directions.
 
Reason : Relative velocity of A w.r.t. B  v A  v B
 
8. Assertion : Vector addition of two vectors A and B is commutative.
   
Reason : A  B  B  A

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 Vectors 35
   
9. Assertion : A.B  B. A
Reason : Dot product of two vectors is commutative.
     
10. Assertion :   r  F and   F  r
Reason : Cross product of vectors is commutative.
11. Assertion : A negative acceleration of a body is associated with a slowing down of a body.
Reason : Acceleration is vector quantity.
12. Assertion : A physical quantity cannot be called as a vector if its magnitude is zero.
Reason : A vector has both, magnitude and direction.
13. Assertion : The sum of two vectors can be zero.
Reason : The vector cancel each other, when they are equal and opposite.
14. Assertion : Two vectors are said to be like vectors if they have same direction but different
magnitude.
Reason : Vector quantities do not have specific direction.
15. Assertion : The scalar product of two vectors can be zero.
Reason : If two vectors are perpendicular to each other, their scalar product will be zero.
16. Assertion : Multiplying any vector by an scalar is a meaningful operations.
Reason : In uniform motion speed remains constant.
17. Assertion : A null vector is a vector whose magnitude is zero and direction is arbitrary.
Reason : A null vector does not exist.
 
18. Assertion :If dot product and cross product of A and B are zero, it implies that one of the
 
vector A and B must be a null vector.
Reason : Null vector is a vector with zero magnitude.
19. Assertion : The cross product of a vector with itself is a null vector.
Reason : The cross-product of two vectors results in a vector quantity.
20. Assertion The minimum number of non coplanar vectors whose sum can be zero, is four.
Reason : The resultant of two vectors of unequal magnitude can be zero.

Answers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
a a d b c b a b a c
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
b e a c a b c b b c

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 Vectors 36
Previous Years Questions
 (C) the outward radius
1. If F = (60 ˆ j – 3 kˆ) N
i + 15 ˆ and
(D) the axis of rotation

v = (2 ˆ
i – 4ˆj + 5 kˆ) m/s, then    
instantaneous power is : [AIPMT 2000] 9. If A  B = 3 A . B , then the value of
(A) 195 watt (B) 45 watt.  
(C) 75 watt (D) 100 watt A  B is : [AIPMT 2004]
2. Two vectors of equal magnitude have a resultant
equal to either of them in magnitude The angle FA I
AB
1/ 2

between them is : [AIIMS 2001] (A) GH 2

 B2  J
3K
(A) 60° (B) 90°
(C) 105° (D) 120° (B) A + B
  (C) (A2 + B2 + 3 AB)1/2
3. A force of (3 i  4 j) newton acts on a body
(D) (A2+B2+AB)1/2
 
and displaces it by (3 i  4 j) metre. The 10. If a vector (2iˆ 3jˆ ˆ is perpendicular to
 8k)
work done by the force is: [AIIMS 2001]
the vector (4ˆ
j  4iˆ ˆ, then the value of
 k)
(A) 10J (B) 12J
(C) 19J (D) 25J a is : [AIPMT 2005]
    (A) –1 (B) 1/2
4. If A  B = A = B then angle between
(C) –1/2 (D) 1
  11. Minimum numbers of unequal vectors which
A and B will be :– [AIPMT 2001]
can give zeo resultant are [AFMC 2005]
(A) 90° (B) 120° (A) two (B) three
(C) 0° (D) 60°
(C) four (D) more than four
 
5.  3kˆ and Q  aiˆ 2jˆ
The vector P  aiˆ ajˆ  kˆ  
12. The vectors A and B are such that
are perpendicular to each other. The positive    
value of a is : [AIIMS 2002] AB  A  B . The angle between vectors
 
(A) 3 (B) 2 A and B is - [AIPMT 2006]
(C) 1 (D) zero (A) 90° (B) 60° (C) 75° (D) 45°
  
6. If vectors P  aiˆ  ajˆ  3kˆ and Q  aiˆ  2ˆj – kˆ  
13. If A  B = 3 A . B , then the value of
are perpendicular to each other, then the
 
positive value of a is [AIIMS 2002] A  B is : [AIPMT 2007]
(A) 3 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 0
FA AB I 1/ 2
7. The vector sum of two forces is perpendicular
to their vector difference. In that case,
(A) GH 2
 B2  J
3K
the force: [AIPMT 2003] (B) A + B
(A) Are equal to each other.
(C) (A2 + B 2 + 3 AB) 1/2
(B) Are equal to each other in magnitude.
(C) Are not equal to each other in (D) (A2+B2+AB)1/2
magnitude.    
14. If A  B  A.B , then the angle between
(D) Cannot be predicted.  
A and B will be : [AMU 2007]
8. The direction of the angular velocity vector
is along: [AIIMS 2004] (A) 30°(B) 45° (C) 60° (D) 75°
(A) the tangent to the circular path 15. A unit radial vector ˆ
r makes agles of a
(B) the inward radius = 30° relative to the x-axis, b = 60°

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 Vectors 37
ralative to the y-axis, and g = 90° V N
relative to the z-axis. The vector ˆr can (A) (B) V (C) Zero (D)
N V
be written as : [AMU 2008]  
20. Six vectors, a through f have the
1ˆ 3 ˆ 3ˆ 1 ˆ magnitudes and directions indicated in the
(A) i j (B) i j figure. Which of the following statements
2 2 2 2
is true ? [AIPMT 2010]
2ˆ 1 ˆ
(C) i j (D) None of these b
3 3 a c

16. A car travels 6 km towards the north at d e f

an angle 45° to the East and then travels
distance of 4 km towards the north at an      
(A) be  f (B) bc  f
angle 135° to the east. How far is the      
point from the starting point ? What (C) dc  f (D) de f
angle does the straight line joining its 
initial and final positions makes with the 21. Given,   2kˆ and r  2iˆ  2 ˆj . Find the
east ? [AIIMS 2008] linear velocity. [AIIMS 2011]
(A) 50 km and tan–1 (5) (A) 4iˆ  4 ˆj (B) 4iˆ  4kˆ
(B) 10 km and tan–1 ( 5 )
(C) 4iˆ  4 ˆj (D) 4iˆ  4 ˆj
(C) 52 km and tan –1
(5)
22. If a vector 2iˆ  3jˆ  8kˆ is perpendicular to
(D) 52 km and tan –1
 5 the vector 4iˆ  4ˆj  kˆ , then value of  is
17. If ˆˆ
i, j and kˆ represent unit vectors along [AIIMS 2013]
the x, y and z-axes respectively, then the 1 1
(A) –1 (B) (C)  (D) 1
angle q between the vectors ( ˆ  kˆ) and
i  jˆ 2 2
(ˆ
i  jˆ
) is equal to : [AMU 2009]
23. Give that force 5iˆ  7 ˆj  3kˆ  N acts on a
particle at position  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  m. Find torque of
1  1  1
 2
(A) sin   (B) sin  
 3  3
this force on the particle about origin.
1  1 
[AIIMS 2013]
(C) cos   (D) 90°
 3 (A) 4iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ (B) 2iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ

18. Find the torque of a force  5kˆ
F  3iˆ jˆ (C) 5iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ (D) 6iˆ  4 ˆj  4kˆ

 kˆ
acting at the point r  7iˆ 3 jˆ 24. A particle is moving such that its position
[AIIMS 2009] coordinates (x, y) are (2m, 3m) at time
t = 0, (6m, 7m) at time t = 2 s and
 16kˆ
(A) 14iˆ 38 jˆ  6kˆ
(B) 4iˆ 4 jˆ (13m, 14 m) at time t = 5 s. Average
velocity vector (nav) from t = 0 to 5 s is
 16kˆ
(C) 14iˆ 38 jˆ  5kˆ
(D) 21iˆ 3jˆ [AIPMT 2014]
19. There are N coplanar vectors each of
magnitude V. Each vector is inclined to (A)
1
5

13iˆ  14j
ˆ  (B)
3

7 ˆ ˆ
ij 
2
the preceding vector at angle
N
. What

(C) 2 ˆi  ˆj  (D) 
11 ˆ ˆ
5
ij 
is the magnitude of their resultant ?
[AIIMS 2009]

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 Vectors 38
25. If the magnitude of sum of two vectors is then their resultant also gets doubled.
equal to the magnitude of difference of the Then, the angle is : [JEE Main 2019]
two vectors, the angle between these vectors (A) 30º (B) 60º (C) 90º (D) 120º
is [NEET- I 2016]  
31. Two vectors A and B have equal
(A) 0º (B) 90º (C) 45º (D) 180º
 
26. A particle moves from a point  2iˆ  5 ˆj 
magnitudes. The magnitude of  A  B  is
 
 A  B  . The
 4 ˆj  3kˆ 
'n' times the magnitude of
to when a force of  4iˆ  3 ˆj  N  
angle between A and B is
is applied. How much work has been
done by the force? [NEET- II 2016] [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 8 J (B) 11 J (C) 5 J (D) 2 J
1  n  1   n  1
2
  1
27. If A and B are non-zero vectors which (A) sin  n2  1 (B) cos 
       n  1 
obey the relation | A  B || A  B |, then
1  n  1   n  1
2
the angle between them is 1
(C) cos  n2  1 (D) sin 
[AIIMS 2016]    n  1 
(A) 0 0
(B) 60 0
(C) 90 0
(D) 1200 
 32. A particle moving with velocity V is acted
28. The moment of the force, F  4iˆ  5iˆ  6kˆ by three forces shown by the vector triangle
at (2,0,–3), about the point (2,–2,–2), is PQR. The velocity of the particle will:
given by [NEET - 2018] [NEET 2019]

(A) 8iˆ  4ˆj  7k

ˆ (B) 7iˆ  8jˆ  4kˆ
(C) 4iˆ  ˆj  8kˆ (D) 7iˆ  4ˆj  8kˆ
  
29. Assertion: E  E x ˆi  E y ˆj  E 2 k,
ˆ vE  0

Reason: E v , E y , E z is independent. (A) increase (B) decrease

[AIIMS 2018] (C) remain constant
(A) If both assertion are true and reason (D) change according to the smallest force
is the correct explanation of assertion 
QR
(B) If both assertion and reason are true
but reason is not the correct explanation    
33. Let A1  3, A 2  5 and A1  A 3  5 . The
of assertion
   
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false
(D) If both assertion are false
value of  2A  3A  . 3A  2A 
1 2 1 2 is

30. Two forces P and Q of magnitude 2F [JEE Main 2019]

and 3F, respectively, are at an angle  (A) -112.5 (B) –106.5
with each other. If the force Q is doubled, (C) –118.5 (D) – 99.5
Answe rs
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B D D B A A B D D C A A D B B
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C A A C D C B A D B C C D A D
31 32 33
C C C
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