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3 Scaner-Monitor

The document discusses the basic elements of a computer system including scanners, OCR software, output devices like monitors and printers, and components of monitors like pixels, refresh rates, and LCD vs LED displays.

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Abror md Fayiaz
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11 views18 pages

3 Scaner-Monitor

The document discusses the basic elements of a computer system including scanners, OCR software, output devices like monitors and printers, and components of monitors like pixels, refresh rates, and LCD vs LED displays.

Uploaded by

Abror md Fayiaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Interactions with

Computer and Inside


Basic Elements of Computer System

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Scanner

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Scanner
• A scanner is used to scan in printed photographs and other
documents so they can be put into documents or web pages.

• It uses a light source, typically a cold cathode lamp to illuminate

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the scanned imaged.

• The light is then reflected off the object and into


Electricity/Charged Coupled Device (CCD).

• The Electricity/Charge collects the information, and through a


series of electronic devices converts the analog signal into a
series of digital signals which can then be read and processed by 4
the internal electronics of the scanner and subsequently a
computer.
Scanner

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5
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OCR
• OCR software transforms printed or hand-printed text into
electronic data that can be used in a computer system. (OCR
stands for optical character recognition.)

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• All OCR software starts with an electronic image of the text,
usually created with a document scanner.

• Some people think of this as an OCR scanner, but the OCR is


actually performed by optical character recognition software after
scanning.

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• The scanner only produces an image of the document, much like
taking a picture of it.
Output Device
• An output device is any piece of h/w
device equipment used to communicate the results

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of data processing which converts the electronically
generated information into human-readable form.

• Monitor, Printer, Speaker etc

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Monitor CRT
• CRT stands for Cathode Ray Tube

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• A CRT monitor contains millions of tiny red, green, and
blue phosphor dots that glow when struck by an electron
beam that travels across the screen to create a visible
image.

• CRTs receive their picture through an analogue cable,


and that signal is decoded by the display controller,
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which handles the internal components of the monitor -
think of it as the mini-CPU for the monitor.
Monitor CRT
• The terms anode and cathode are used in electronics as
synonyms for positive and negative terminals.

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• For example, you could refer to the positive terminal of a
battery as the anode and the negative terminal as the
cathode.

• In a cathode ray tube, the cathode is a heated filament.


The heated filament is in a vacuum created inside a glass
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tube.
Monitor CRT
• The ray is a stream of electrons generated by an electron
gun that naturally pour off a heated cathode into the

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vacuum.

• Electrons are negative. The anode is positive, so it


attracts the electrons pouring off the cathode.

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Monitor CRT

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Monitor CRT
• The electrons pass through a mesh, and this mesh defines the
individual pixels and resolution on the screen.

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• Electrons that pass through the mesh then hit the phosphor (an
organic material that glows when struck by the electron beam)
coating which is on the inside of the glass screen.

• When the particles hit the phosphor, they immediately light up -


causing the light to shine through the front of the monitor, thus
making up the picture on the screen.

• Three differently colored phosphors for each pixel (known as 13

phosphor triads), and depending on which phosphor the electron


hits, that's which color the pixel will light up.
Pixels and Resolution
• In digital imaging, a pixel, pel, or picture element is a
physical point in a image

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• The term "pixels" can be used in the abstract, or as a unit
of measure, in particular when using pixels as a measure
of resolution, such as: 2400 pixels per inch, 640 pixels
per line, or spaced 10 pixels apart.

•
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Pixels and Resolution
• These small little dots are what make up the images on
computer displays, whether they are flat-screen (LCD) or

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tube (CRT) monitors. The screen is divided up into a
matrix of thousands or even millions of pixels.

• The number of pixels in an image is sometimes called


the resolution, even though this is a bit of a misuse of
the term.

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Refresh Rates
 Computer monitors often have a "maximum refresh rate" listed in
their technical specifications. This number, measured in hertz

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(Hz), determines how many times the screen is redrawn/renewed
each second that the human eye perceives it as a static image, or a
smooth video, etc.
 Also known as scan rate, horizontal scan rate, frequency, or
vertical frequency.
 For example, when setting a monitor's refresh rate to 75 Hz,
means that the computer is going to redraw the screen 75 times per
second.
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 The higher the refresh rate, the less image flicker you will notice
on the screen.
LCD and LED
• Liquid Crystal Diode (LCD) Monitors
An LCD monitor is one with a fluorescent panel and cold cathode

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technology. This type of monitor is an improvement over the older
cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors, which used a vacuum tube to
emit electrons onto the fluorescent panel.
The fluorescent screen is made up of liquid crystals that twist and
react to the electrical current, hence the name.

• Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Monitors


The advantage of LED is an even better energy savings, the best
on the market, in fact. LED also offers better color quality, 17
clarity, and faster refresh rates.
Inside The Computer

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