1.

(a) Show that

sin 2θ
= tan θ
1 + cos 2θ
(2)

(b) Hence find, for -180° ≤ θ < 180°, all the solutions of

2 sin 2θ
=1
1 + cos 2θ

Give your answers to 1 decimal place.

(3)
(Total 5 marks)

π
2. (a) Express 2 sin θ – 1.5 cos θ in the form R sin (θ – α), where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2

Give the value of α to 4 decimal places.

(3)

(b) (i) Find the maximum value of 2 sin θ – 1.5 cos θ.

(ii) Find the value of θ, for 0 ≤ θ < π , at which this maximum occurs.
(3)

Tom models the height of sea water, H metres, on a particular day by the equation

 4π t   4π t 
H = 6 + 2 sin   − 1.5 cos , 0 ≤ t < 12,
 25   25 

where t hours is the number of hours after midday.

(c) Calculate the maximum value of H predicted by this model and the value of t, to 2
decimal places, when this maximum occurs.
(3)
 (d) Calculate, to the nearest minute, the times when the height of sea water is predicted, by
this model, to be 7 metres.
(6)
(Total 15 marks)

1
3. (a) Express 5 cos x – 3 sin x in the form R cos(x + α), where R > 0 and 0 < α < π.
2
(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

5 cos x – 3 sin x = 4

for 0 ≤ x < 2 π ,giving your answers to 2 decimal places.

(5)
(Total 9 marks)

4. Solve

cosec2 2x – cot 2x = 1

for 0 ≤ x ≤ 180°.
(Total 7 marks)

5. (a) Use the identity cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1 to prove that tan2 θ = sec2 θ – 1.
(2)

(b) Solve, for 0 ≤ θ < 360°, the equation

2 tan2 θ + 4 sec θ + sec2 θ = 2

(6)
(Total 8 marks)
6. (a) Use the identity cos(A + B) = cosA cosB – sinA sinB, to show that

cos 2A = 1 – 2sin2A
(2)

The curves C1 and C2 have equations

C1: y = 3sin 2x

C2: y = 4 sin2x – 2cos 2x

(b) Show that the x-coordinates of the points where C1 and C2 intersect satisfy the equation

4cos 2x + 3sin 2x = 2
(3)

(c) Express 4cos2x + 3sin 2x in the form R cos(2x – α), where R > 0 and 0 < α < 90°, giving
the value of α to 2 decimal places.
(3)

(d) Hence find, for 0 ≤ x < 180°, all the solutions of

4cos 2x + 3sin 2x = 2

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(4)
(Total 12 marks)

7. (a) Write down sin 2x in terms of sin x and cos x.

(1)

(b) Find, for 0 < x < π, all the solutions of the equation

cosec x – 8 cos x = 0

giving your answers to 2 decimal places.

(5)
(Total 6 marks)
8. (a) (i) By writing 3θ = (2θ + θ), show that

sin 3θ = 3 sinθ – 4 sin3θ.

(4)

π
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, for 0 < θ < , solve
3

8 sin3θ – 6 sin θ + 1 = 0.

Give your answers in terms of π.

(5)

(b) Using sin(θ − α ) = sin θ cos α − cos θ sin α , or otherwise, show that

1
sin 15° = ( 6 − 2 ).
4
(4)
(Total 13 marks)

9. (a) Express 3 cos θ + 4 sin θ in the form R cos(θ – α), where R and α are constants, R > 0 and
0 < α < 90°.
(4)

(b) Hence find the maximum value of 3 cos θ + 4 sin θ and the smallest positive value of θ
for which this maximum occurs.
(3)

The temperature, f (t), of a warehouse is modelled using the equation

f(t) = 10 + 3 cos(15t)° + 4 sin(15t)°,

where t is the time in hours from midday and 0 ≤ t < 24.

(c) Calculate the minimum temperature of the warehouse as given by this model.
(2)
 (d) Find the value of t when this minimum temperature occurs.
(3)
(Total 12 marks)

10. f(x) = 5cosx + 12sinx

π
Given that f(x) = Rcos(x – α), where R > 0 and 0 < α < ,
2

(a) find the value of R and the value of α to 3 decimal places.

(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation

5 cosx + 12sinx = 6

for 0 ≤ x < 2π.

(5)

(c) (i) Write down the maximum value of 5cosx + 12sinx.

(1)

(ii) Find the smallest positive value of x for which this maximum value occurs.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)

11. (a) Given that sin2θ + cos2θ ≡ 1, show that 1 + cot2θ ≡ cosec2θ.
(2)

(b) Solve, for 0 ≤ θ < 180°, the equation

2cot2θ – 9cosecθ = 3,

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(6)
(Total 8 marks)
12. (a) Use the double angle formulae and the identity

cos(A + B) ≡ cosA cosB – sin A sinB

to obtain an expression for cos 3x in terms of powers of cos x only.

(4)

(b) (i) Prove that

cos x 1 + sin x π
+ ≡ 2 sec x, x ≠ (2n + 1) .
1 + sin x cos x 2
(4)

(ii) Hence find, for 0 < x < 2π, all the solutions of

cos x 1 + sin x
+ = 4.
1 + sin x cos x
(3)
(Total 11 marks)

π
13. (a) Express 3 sin x + 2 cos x in the form R sin(x + α) where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2
(4)

(b) Hence find the greatest value of (3 sin x + 2 cos x)4.

(2)

(c) Solve, for 0 < x < 2π, the equation

3 sin x + 2 cos x = 1,

giving your answers to 3 decimal places.

(5)
(Total 11 marks)
14. (a) Prove that

sin θ cos θ
+ = 2cosec 2θ , θ ≠ 90n°.
cos θ sin θ
(4)

(b) On the axes below, sketch the graph of y = 2 cosec 2θ for 0° < θ < 360°.

O 90° 180° 270° 360°

(2)

(c) Solve, for 0° < θ < 360°, the equation

sin θ cos θ
+ = 3,
cos θ sin θ

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(6)
(Total 12 marks)

15. (a) By writing sin 3θ as sin (2θ + θ), show that

sin 3θ = 3sinθ – 4sin3θ.

(5)
 3
(b) Given that sinθ = , find the exact value of sin 3θ.
4
(2)
(Total 7 marks)

16.

The diagram above shows an oscilloscope screen.

The curve shown on the screen satisfies the equation

y = 3 cos x + sin x.

(a) Express the equation of the curve in the form y = Rsin(x + α), where R and α are
π
constants, R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2
(4)

(b) Find the values of x, 0 ≤ x < 2π, for which y = 1.

(4)
(Total 8 marks)
17. (i) Prove that

sec2x – cosec2 x ≡ tan2x – cot2x.

(3)

(ii) Given that

y = arccos x, –1 ≤ x ≤ 1, and 0 ≤ y ≤ π

(a) express arcsin x in terms of y.

(2)

(b) Hence evaluate arccos x + arcsin x. Give your answer in terms of π.

(1)
(Total 6 marks)

18. (a) Using sin2θ + cos2θ ≡ 1, show that cosec2θ – cot2 θ ≡ 1.

(2)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, prove that

cosec4θ – cot4θ ≡ cosec2θ + cot2θ.

(2)

(c) Solve, for 90° < θ < 180°,

cosec4θ – cot4θ = 2 – cot θ.

(6)
(Total 10 marks)

3
19. (a) Given that cos A = , where 270° < A < 360°, find the exact value of sin 2A.
4
(5)

 π  π
(b) (i) Show that cos  2 x +  + cos  2 x −  ≡ cos 2 x
 3  3
(3)
 Given that

 π  π
y = 3 sin 2 x + cos  2 x +  + cos  2 x −  ,
 3  3

dy
(ii) show that = sin 2 x
dx
(4)
(Total 12 marks)

20. (a) Show that

cos 2 x
(i) ≡ cos x − sin x, x ≠ (n − 14 )π , n ∈
cos x + sin x
(2)

(ii) 1
2
(cos 2 x − sin 2 x) ≡ cos 2 x − cos x sin x − 12
(3)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, show that the equation

 cos 2θ  1
cos θ   =
 cos θ + sin θ  2

can be written as

sin 2θ = cos 2θ.

(3)

(c) Solve, for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π,

sin 2θ = cos 2θ,

giving your answers in terms of π.

(4)
(Total 12 marks)
21. (a) Differentiate with respect to x

(i) x2e3x+2,
(4)

cos(2 x 3 )
(ii) .
3x
(4)

dy
(b) Given that x = 4 sin(2y + 6), find in terms of x.
dx
(5)
(Total 13 marks)

22. f(x) = 12 cos x – 4 sin x.

Given that f(x) = R cos(x + α), where R ≥ 0 and 0 ≤ α ≤ 90°,

(a) find the value of R and the value of α.

(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation

12 cos x – 4 sin x = 7

for 0 ≤ x ≤ 360°, giving your answers to one decimal place.

(5)

(c) (i) Write down the minimum value of 12 cos x – 4 sin x.

(1)

(ii) Find, to 2 decimal places, the smallest positive value of x for which this
minimum value occurs.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)

23. (a) Given that 2 sin(θ + 30)° = cos(θ + 60)°, find the exact value of tan θ °.
(5)
 (b) (i) Using the identity cos (A + B) ≡ cos A cos B – sin A sin B, prove that

cos 2A ≡ 1 – 2 sin2 A.
(2)

(ii) Hence solve, for 0 ≤ x < 2π,

cos 2x = sin x,

giving your answers in terms of π.

(5)

(iii) Show that sin 2y tan y + cos 2y ≡ 1, for 0 ≤ y < 1

2
π.
(3)
(Total 15 marks)

24. (a) Given that sin2θ + cos2θ ≡ 1, show that 1 + tan2θ ≡ sec2θ.
(2)

(b) Solve, for 0 ≤ θ < 360°, the equation

2 tan2θ + secθ = 1,

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(6)
(Total 8 marks)

25. (a) Using the identity cos(A + B) ≡ cosA cosB – sinA sinB, prove that

cos 2A ≡ 1 – 2 sin2 A.
(2)

(b) Show that

2 sin 2θ – 3 cos 2θ – 3 sin θ + 3 ≡ sin θ (4 cos θ + 6 sin θ – 3).

(4)
 (c) Express 4 cos θ + 6 sin θ in the form R sin(θ + α ), where R > 0 and 0 < α < 1
2 π.
(4)

(d) Hence, for 0 ≤ θ < π, solve

2 sin 2θ = 3(cos 2θ + sin θ – 1),

giving your answers in radians to 3 significant figures, where appropriate.

(5)
(Total 15 marks)

26.

B G F C

2 cm 2 cm

D E

2 cm 2 2 cm

This diagram shows an isosceles triangle ABC with AB = AC = 4 cm and ∠ BAC = 2θ .

The mid-points of AB and AC are D and E respectively. Rectangle DEFG is drawn, with F and
G on BC. The perimeter of rectangle DEFG is P cm.

(a) Show that DE = 4 sin θ.

(2)

(b) Show that P = 8 sinθ + 4 cosθ.

(2)

π
(c) Express P in the form R sin(θ + α), where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2
(4)
 Given that P = 8.5,

(d) find, to 3 significant figures, the possible values of θ.

(5)
(Total 13 marks)

3
27. (i) Given that sin x = , use an appropriate double angle formula to find the exact value of
5
sec 2x.
(4)

(ii) Prove that

nπ
cot 2x + cosec 2x ≡ cot x, (x ≠ ,n∈ ).
2
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

28. (i) (a) Express (12 cos θ – 5 sin θ) in the form R cos (θ + α), where R > 0 and
0 < α < 90°.
(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation

12 cos θ – 5 sin θ = 4,

for 0 < θ < 90°, giving your answer to 1 decimal place.

(3)

(ii) Solve

8 cot θ – 3 tan θ = 2,

for 0 < θ < 90°, giving your answer to 1 decimal place.

(5)
(Total 12 marks)
,n∈ 29. (a) Prove that

1 − tan 2 θ
≡ cos 2θ .
1 + tan 2 θ
(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, prove

π
tan2 = 3 – 2√2.
8
(5)
(Total 9 marks)

3
30. (i) Given that cos(x + 30)° = 3 cos(x – 30)°, prove that tan x° = − .
2
(5)

1 − cos 2θ
(ii) (a) Prove that ≡ tan θ .
sin 2θ
(3)

(b) Verify that θ = 180° is a solution of the equation sin 2θ = 2 – 2 cos 2θ.
(1)

(c) Using the result in part (a), or otherwise, find the other two solutions, 0 < θ < 360°,
of the equation sin 2θ = 2 – 2 cos 2θ.
(4)
(Total 13 marks)
31. (a) Express sin x + √3 cos x in the form R sin (x + α), where R > 0 and 0 < α < 90°.
(4)

(b) Show that the equation sec x + √3 cosec x = 4 can be written in the form

sin x + √3 cos x = 2 sin 2x.

(3)

(c) Deduce from parts (a) and (b) that sec x + √3 cosec x = 4 can be written in the form

sin 2x – sin (x + 60°) = 0.

(1)

X +Y X −Y
(d) Hence, using the identity sin X – sin Y = 2 cos sin , or otherwise, find
2 2
the values of x in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 180°, for which sec x + √3 cosec x = 4.
(5)
(Total 13 marks)

32. On separate diagrams, sketch the curves with equations

(a) y = arcsin x, −1 ≤ x ≤ 1,

π π
(b) y = sec x, − ≤x≤ , stating the coordinates of the end points
3 3
of your curves in each case.
(4)

Use the trapezium rule with five equally spaced ordinates to estimate the area of the
π
region bounded by the curve with equation y = sec x, the x-axis and the lines x = and
3
π
x=− , giving your answer to two decimal places.
3
(4)
(Total 8 marks)
33. (a) Prove that for all values of x,

sin x + sin (60° − x) ≡ sin (60° + x).

(4)

(b) Given that sin 84° − sin 36° = sin α°, deduce the exact value of the acute angle α.
(2)

(c) Solve the equation

4 sin 2x + sin (60° − 2x) = sin (60° + 2x) – 1

for values of x in the interval 0 ≤ x < 360°, giving your answers to one decimal place.
(5)
(Total 11 marks)

34. Find, giving your answers to two decimal places, the values of w, x, y and z for which

(a) e−w = 4,
(2)

(b) arctan x = 1,
(2)

(c) ln (y + 1) – ln y = 0.85
(4)

(d) cos z + sin z = 1

3
, −π < z < π.
(5)
(Total 13 marks)
35. (a) Using the formulae

sin (A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B,

cos (A ± B) = cos A cos B  sin A sin B,

show that

(i) sin (A + B) – sin (A – B) = 2 cos A sin B,

(2)

(ii) cos (A – B) – cos (A + B) = 2 sin A sin B.

(2)

(b) Use the above results to show that

sin( A + B) − sin( A − B )
cos( A − B ) − cos( A + B ) = cot A.
(3)

Using the result of part (b) and the exact values of sin 60° and cos 60°,

(c) find an exact value for cot 75° in its simplest form.
(4)
(Total 11 marks)

36. In a particular circuit the current, I amperes, is given by

I = 4 sin θ – 3 cos θ, θ > 0,

where θ is an angle related to the voltage.

Given that I = R sin (θ − α), where R > 0 and 0 ≤ α < 360°,

(a) find the value of R, and the value of α to 1 decimal place.

(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation 4 sin θ – 3 cos θ = 3 to find the values of θ between
0 and 360°.
(5)
(c) Write down the greatest value for I.
(1)

(d) Find the value of θ between 0 and 360° at which the greatest value of I occurs.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)