Real Numbers (Exercise 1.

3)
Answer and Explanations 1
1
Objective Type Questions We get
a − 3b
is a rational number and 5 is rational
7 5 2b
1 (a) 
Let rational and irrational number be and
3 2 number. But it contradicts our assumption that 5 is
respectively irrational.
7 ∴ contradiction has a ariser because of incorrect.
Product of a rational , and
3 ∴ 3 + 2 5 is an irrational number.
5 7 5 7 5 1
an irrational =× = is also irrational. 3. (i)
2 3 2 6 2
Option (a) is correct. 1
Let us assume is rational number
2. (d) To solve these problem firstly we find the prime factors of 2
numbers from 1 to 10 includes. 1 a
∴  = where b ≠ 0 and a and b both are co-prime
2 b
Factors of =
integer.
1=1 2=2 3=3
1 a
4=2×2 5=5 6=2×3 7=7 =
2 b
8=2×2×2 9=3×3 10 = 2 × 5 b
⇒ = 2
LCM of all numbers 1 to 10 = 1 × 2 × 3 × 2 × 5 × 7 × 2 × 3 a
LCM = 23 × 32 × 51 × 71 = 72 × 35 = 2520 Since a and b are integers
Option (d) is correct. b
∴  is a rational number and 2 is rational number But
3. (a) π is an irrational number. a
4. (a) 3 × 12 = 3 × 3 × 4 = 3 × 2 = 6 this contradicts the fact that 2 irrational number.
6 2 1
5. (c) = = 0.4 So, we conclude that is irrational number.
15 5 2
6. False (ii) 7 5
7. False Let us assume that 7 5 is rational number
a
8. Irrational ∴ 7 5 = where b ≠ 0; a and b both are co-prime integers.
b
9. Rational
a
10. 3 is an irrational number where 3 is a prime number. As we 7 5=
b
know that square root of any prime number is always an a
irrational number. ⇒ 5=
7b
∴ Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A). a
Since a and b are integers, is a rational
Hence option (a) is correct. 7b
∴  5 is a rational number But this contradicts the fact that
Subjective Type Questions 5 is irrational. So, we conclude that 7 5 is irrational.
1. To solve these problem firstly we write the prime factors of (iii) 6 + 2
12n = (2 × 2 × 3)n = 22n × 3n
Let us assume that 6 + 2 is rational
Also number ending at 0 or 5 is divisible by 5
a
But It does not have 5 in prime factorization. ∴ 6 + 2 =where b ≠ 0; a and b both are coprime.
b
So, 12n can never end with digit 5 or zero a
⇒ 2= −6
2. Let us assume that 3 + 2 5 is a rational number b
a a
∴ 3 + 2 5 = where b ≠ 0 and a and b both are co–prime Since a and b are integers; − 6 is a rational and so, 2
b b
a is a rational number. but this contradicts the facts that 2
integer 2 5= −3
b is irrational.
a − 3b So, we conclude that 6 + 2 is irrational.
⇒ 5=
2b 4. Let us assume, that 3 is not rational.
Since a and b are integers ∴ 3 is rational
392 Mathematics

p ∴ 3 is also rational number, But this contradicts the fact

⇒ 3=
q that 3 is an irrational number.
Let , p, q be co–prime and q ≠ 0 So, Our assumption is wrong.
Taking square on both sides ∴ 2 + 3 is an irrational number.
p2 Hence proved
⇒ 3= 2
q
8. Given 2 is an irrational number.
⇒ p2 = 3q2  –––––– (i)
Let us assume that 5 + 3 2 is a rational number.
⇒ 3 divides p2
p
⇒ 3 divides p A rational number can be written in the form of where
For some integer r, p = 3r  –––––– (ii) q
From (i) and (ii) p and q are co-prime numbers q ≠ 0
9r2 = 3q2 p
∴ 5+3 2 =
⇒ q2 = 3r2 q
⇒ 3 divides q2 p p − 5q
⇒ 3 divides q ⇒ 3 2= −5 ⇒ 3 2 =
q q
p and q have at least 3 as common factor, but it contradicts
∴ 
the fact that P and q are co–prime  P − 5q 
⇒ 2 = 
∴ 3 is irrational.  3q 
5. Let us assume, that 5 − 3 is a rational. P − 5q
p and q are integers then is a rational number.
∴ we have to find coprime a and b (b > 0) such that 3q
a
5 − 3 =where b > 0 ∴ 2 is also rational number.
b
But this contradicts the fact that 2 is an irrational
a
Therefore, 5 − =3 number.
b
So, our assumption is wrong
a
Rearranging this equation, we get 3= 5 − ∴ 5 + 3 2 is an irrational number.
b
5b − a 9. As we know
= that 2 1.414
= and 3 1.732
⇒ 3=
b
We can write n number of rational number between 1.414
5b − a and 1.732 and it should be terminating or non terminating
Since a and b are integers, we get is rational, and
b but repeating. For example 1.514825 and 1.6214856 and
so 3 is rational. 1.7124544 – – – – – – – –

But this contradicts the fact that 3 is irrational. 10. Let x and y be two odd numbers i.e. x = 2a + 1 and

So, we conclude that 5 − 3 is irrational. y = 2a + 5

Then, x2 + y2 = (2a + 1)2 + (2a + 5)2
6. Let us assume, that 3 2 is rational. = 4a2 + 1 + 4a+ 4a2 + 25 + 20a
a = 8a2 + 24a + 26
we can find co-prime a and b (b > 0) such that 3 2 =
b = 2[4a2 + 12a + 13]
a So, x2 + y2 is even but it is not divisible by 4.
Rearranging, we get 2=
3b
11. Let us consider 3 + 5 is a rational number
Since 3, a and b are integers,
a Let 3+ 5=
a
∴ is rational, and so 2 is rational.
3b ⇒ 5= a − 3 {by using (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab}
But this contradicts the fact that 2 is an irrational.
( 5 )= ( a − 3 )
2 2
Squaring both sides, we get
So, we conclude that 3 2 is irrational.

( 3) ( 3)
2
7. Given 3 is an irrational number. ⇒ 5 =(a ) 2 + − 2(a )
Let us assume that 2 + 3 is a rational number
p ⇒ 2a 3 = a 2 + 3 − 5
A rational number can be written in the form of where
q a2 − 2
⇒ 3=
p and q are co-prime numbers q ≠ 0 2a
p p p − 2q a2 − 2
∴ 2 + 3 =⇒ 3= −2 ⇒ 3= As a2 – 2 and 2a are rational number so is also
q q q 2a

p − 2q rational but 3 is not rational which contradicts our

p and q are integers then is a rational number assumption. So, 3 + 5 is irrational.
q