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Problem Sheet 7

This document contains 14 problems related to first order ordinary differential equations. The problems cover topics like verifying solutions, finding general and particular solutions, solving initial value problems, existence and uniqueness of solutions, and applying methods like separation of variables and Picard's method. Some problems ask students to show certain solutions are exact or singular.

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17 views

Problem Sheet 7

This document contains 14 problems related to first order ordinary differential equations. The problems cover topics like verifying solutions, finding general and particular solutions, solving initial value problems, existence and uniqueness of solutions, and applying methods like separation of variables and Picard's method. Some problems ask students to show certain solutions are exact or singular.

Uploaded by

dhruvgirishnayak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences

National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal


Engineering Mathematics II - MA111
Problem Sheet 7
On First order ODE
(Even Semester 2023-24)

1. Verify (by differentiation and substitution) that y = ce−4x + 0.35 is a solution of


y ′ + 4y = 1.4. If y(0) = 2, find the particular solution.

2. Show (by differentiation and substitution) that y = cx − c2 is a general solution of


(y ′ )2 − xy ′ + y = 0. Show that y = x2 /4 is also a solution of this ODE. And this
solution cannot be obtained from the general solution. Such a solution is called a
singular solution.

3. Solve the following IVP.


y y
xy ′ = y + 4x5 cos2 , y(2) = 0. (set = u).
x x
Answer: y = x arctan(x4 − 16).

4. Find a general solution of

y ′ = (4x + y + 1)2 , y(0) = 2. (set v = 4x + y + 1)

Answer: 4x + y + 1 = 2 tan(2x + c).

5. Solve
(−y/x2 + 2 cos 2x) dx + (1/x − 2 sin 2y) dy = 0.
Answer: y/x + sin 2x + cos 2y = c.

6. Solve
(e(x+y) − y) dx + (xex+y + 1) dy = 0.
Answer: xey + ye−x = c.

7. Under what conditions for the constants a, b, k, l is

(ax + by)dx + (kx + ly)dy = 0

exact? Solve the exact ODE.


Answer: b = k, ax2 + 2kxy + ly 2 = c

8. Find the general solution of following IVP’s. If an initial condition is given, find
also the corresponding particular solution.

(a) x2 y ′ + 3xy = 1/x, y(1) = −1.


Answer: General solution: y = x−3 (x + c)
Particular solution: y = x−2 − 2x−3
2
(b) y ′ + 4x2 y = (4x2 − x)e−x /2
3 2
Answer: y = ce−4x /3 + e−x /2

3
(c) y ′ + x2 y = (e−x sinh x)/(3y 2 )
n o1/3
3
Answer: y = e−x (cosh x + c)

(d) y ′ sin 2y + x cos 2y = 2x (Reduce to a linear equation by the substitution z =


cos 2y, or use separation of variables)
2
Answer: y = 21 (arccos(2 + cex )

9. Show that the sum of a solution of the non-homogeneous linear ODEs ((a) y ′ +
p(x)y = r(x)) and a solution of the homogeneous linear ODEs ((b) y ′ + p(x)y = 0)
is a solution of (a).

10. Apply Picard’s method to calculate y1 , y2 , y3 , y4 for the IVPs given below (i.e., per-
form 4 iterations).

(a) y ′ = 2x − y, y(0) = 1.
(b) y ′ = y 2 , y(0) = 1.

11. Does the following IVP have a unique solution on some interval with center 0?

y ′ = x2 + y 2 , y(0) = 0 on {(x, y) : |x| ≤ 1; |y| ≤ 1}?

2
12. Let f (x, y) = y 3 defined on R : |x| ≤ 2; |y| ≤ 2. Does f satisfy Lipschitz condition
in the variable y on R.

13. Can two solution curves of the same ODE have a common point in a rectangle in
which the assumptions of Theorem 2 of Section 1.7 of your course textbook are
satisfied? Explain.
Answer: No.

14. When does the IVP xy ′ = y + 3x2 , y(x0 ) = y0 have no solution, precisely one solu-
tion, and more than one solution?

Answer: No solution if x0 = 0, y0 ̸= 0.
One solution if x0 ̸= 0.
Infinitely many solutions if x0 = 0, y0 = 0.

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