1. Build & Fix Model is suitable for 6.

Which of the following statements

programming exercises of ___________ regarding Build & Fix Model is wrong?
LOC (Line of Code). a) No room for structured design
a) 100-200 b) Code soon becomes unfixable &
b) 200-400 unchangeable
c) 400-1000 c) Maintenance is practically not
d) above 1000 possible
d) It scales up well to large projects
Answer: a
Explanation: Build & Fix Model is Answer: d
suitable for small projects & Explanation: Build & Fix Model is
programming exercises of 100 or 200 suitable for 100-200 LOC
lines.
7. RAD Model has
2. RAD stands for a) 2 phases
a) Relative Application Development b) 3 phases
b) Rapid Application Development c) 5 phases
c) Rapid Application Document d) 6 phases
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c
Answer: b Explanation: RAD Model consists of
. five phases namely: Business modeling,
3. Which one of the following models is not Data modeling, Process modeling,
suitable for accommodating any change? Application generation and Testing &
a) Build & Fix Model Turnover.
b) Prototyping Model 8. What is the major drawback of using
c) RAD Model RAD Model?
d) Waterfall Model a) Highly specialized & skilled
developers/designers are required
Answer: d b) Increases reusability of components
Explanation: Real projects rarely follow c) Encourages customer/client feedback
the sequential flow that the Waterfall d) Increases reusability of components,
Model proposes. Highly specialized & skilled
developers/designers are required
5. Which one of the following is not a phase
of Prototyping Model? Answer: d
a) Quick Design Explanation: The client may create an
b) Coding unrealistic product vision leading a team
c) Prototype Refinement to over or under-develop functionality.
d) Engineer Product Also, the specialized & skilled
developers are not easily available.
Answer: b
Explanation: A prototyping model 9. SDLC stands for
generates only a working model of a a) Software Development Life Cycle
system. b) System Development Life cycle
c) Software Design Life Cycle
d) System Design Life Cycle
 Answer: a Answer: d
Explanation: Incremental Model is
10. Which model can be selected if user is generally easier to test and debug than
involved in all the phases of SDLC? other methods of software development
a) Waterfall Model because relatively smaller changes are
b) Prototyping Model made during each iteration and is
c) RAD Model popular particularly when we have to
d) both Prototyping Model & RAD quickly deliver a limited functionality
Model system. However, option “a” can be seen
Answer: c in other models as well like RAD model,
hence option “d” Answers the question.
11. Which one of the following is not an
Evolutionary Process Model? 14. The spiral model was originally
a) WINWIN Spiral Model proposed by
b) Incremental Model a) IBM b) Barry Boehm
c) Concurrent Development Model c) Pressman d) Royce
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: b
Answer: d
15. The spiral model has two dimensions
12. The Incremental Model is a result of namely _____________ and
combination of elements of which two ____________
models? a) diagonal, angular
a) Build & FIX Model & Waterfall b) radial, perpendicular
Model c) radial, angular
b) Linear Model & RAD Model d) diagonal, perpendicular
c) Linear Model & Prototyping Model
d) Waterfall Model & RAD Model Answer: c
Explanation: The radial dimension of the
Answer: c model represents the cumulative costs
Explanation: Each linear sequence and the angular dimension represents the
produces a deliverable “increment” of progress made in completing each cycle.
the software and particularly when we Each loop of the spiral from X-axis
have to quickly deliver a limited clockwise through 360o represents one
functionality system. phase.
13. What is the major advantage of using 17. Identify the disadvantage of Spiral
Incremental Model? Model.
a) Customer can respond to each a) Doesn’t work well for smaller projects
increment b) High amount of risk analysis
b) Easier to test and debug c) Strong approval and documentation
c) It is used when there is a need to get a control
product to the market early d) Additional Functionality can be added
d) Easier to test and debug & It is used at a later date
when there is a need to get a product to
the market early Answer: a
Explanation: All other options are the
advantages of Spiral Model.
18. Spiral Model has user involvement in all has less experience on similar projects?
its phases. a) Spiral
a) True b) Waterfall
b) False c) RAD
d) Iterative Enhancement Model
Answer: b
Answer: a
19. How is Incremental Model different Explanation: Relying on risk
from Spiral Model? assessment/analysis provides more
a) Progress can be measured for flexibility than required for many
Incremental Model applications which overcomes the
b) Changing requirements can be criteria of less experienced developers.
accommodated in Incremental Model
c) Users can see the system early in 25. Which two of the following models will
Incremental Model not be able to give the desired outcome
d) All of the mentioned if user’s participation is not involved?
a) Waterfall & Spiral
Answer: a b) RAD & Spiral
c) RAD & Waterfall
21. Selection of a model is based on
d) RAD & Prototyping
a) Requirements
b) Development team & Users Answer: d
c) Project type and associated risk Explanation: Active Participation of user
d) All of the mentioned is involved in all the four phases of RAD
model and in case of the Prototyping
Answer: d
model we need user’s
Explanation: Each model has to have
presence/involvement every time a new
some requirements, a team of
prototype is build or designed.
developers, users and the risk involved
in developing a project. 26. A company is developing an advance
version of their current software
22. Which two models doesn’t allow
available in the market, what model
defining requirements early in the cycle?
approach would they prefer ?
a) Waterfall & RAD
a) RAD
b) Prototyping & Spiral
b) Iterative Enhancement
c) Prototyping & RAD
c) Both RAD & Iterative Enhancement
d) Waterfall & Spiral
d) Spiral
Answer: b
Answer: c
Explanation: Prototyping Model starts
with a requirements analysis phase 27. One can choose Waterfall Model if the
including techniques like FAST, QFD, project development schedule is tight.
Brainstorming.In case of Spiral model a) True
the first phase involves activities related b) False
to customer communication like
determining objectives. Answer: b
Explanation: Real projects rarely follow
23. Which of the following life cycle model the sequential flow and iterations in this
can be chosen if the development team
 model are handled indirectly. This d) Both Portability and Maintainability
changes can cause confusion as the
project proceeds thereby delaying the Answer: d
delivery date.
Explanation: Availability is user specific
requirement.
3. Which one of the following is not a step
28. Choose the correct option from given of requirement engineering?
below: a) elicitation
a) Prototyping Model facilitates b) design
reusability of components c) analysis
b) RAD Model Model facilitates d) documentation
reusability of components
c) Both RAD & Prototyping Model Answer: b
facilitates reusability of components
d) None Explanation: Requirement Elicitation,
Requirement Analysis, Requirement
Answer: c. Documentation and Requirement
Review are the four crucial process steps
29. Spiral Model has high reliability
of requirement engineering. Design is in
requirements.
itself a different phase of Software
a) True b) False
Engineering.
Answer: a
6. A Use-case actor is always a person
30. RAD Model has high reliability having a role that different people may
requirements. play.
a) True b) False
a) True b) False
Answer: b
Answer: b
Unit-II
Explanation: Use-case Actor is anything
1. What are the types of requirements? that needs to interact with the system, be
it a person or another (external) system.
a) User b) System
c) Domain d) All of the mentioned 7. The user system requirements are the
parts of which document ?
Answer: d
a) SDD b) SRS
Explanation: All the mentioned traits are
c) DDD d) SRD
beneficial for an effective product to be
developed. Answer: b
2. Select the developer-specific Explanation: Software requirements
requirement? specification (SRS), is a complete
description of the behaviour of a system
a) Portability
to be developed and may include a set of
b) Maintainability
c) Availability
 use cases that describe interactions the Answer: d
users will have with the software. Explanation: Users are always the most
important stakeholders.

8. A stakeholder is anyone who will

purchase the completed software system 1. Which one of the following is a functional
under development. requirement?
a) True a) Maintainability
b) Portability
b) False c) Robustness
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b

Explanation: Stakeholders are anyone Answer: d

who has an interest in the project.
Explanation: All are non-functional
Project stakeholders are individuals and
requirements representing quality of the
organizations that are actively involved
system. Functional requirements
in the project, or whose interests may be
describe what the software has to do.
affected as a result of project execution
or project completion.
9. Conflicting requirements are common in 2. Which one of the following is a
Requirement Engineering, with each requirement that fits in a developer’s
client proposing his or her version is the module ?
right one.
a) Availability
a) True b) Testability
c) Usability
b) False
d) Flexibility
Answer: a
Answer: b
Explanation: This situation is seen in
Explanation: A developer needs to test
every field of work as each professional
his product before launching it into the
has his/her way of looking onto things &
market.
would argue to get his/her point
approved. 3. “Consider a system where, a heat sensor
detects an intrusion and alerts the
10. Which is one of the most important
security company.” What kind of a
stakeholder from the following ?
requirement the system is providing ?
a) Entry level personnel
a) Functional
b) Middle level stakeholder
b) Non-Functional
c) Managers
c) Known Requirement
d) Users of the software
d) None of the mentioned
 Answer: a a) Identifying Stakeholder
Explanation: Functional requirements
describe what the software has to do. b) Listing out Requirements
c) Requirements Gathering
d) All of the mentioned

4. Which of the following statements Answer: a

explains portability in non-functional
Explanation: Stakeholders are the one
requirements?
who will invest in and use the product,
a) It is a degree to which software so its essential to chalk out stakeholders
running on one platform can easily be first.
converted to run on another platform 2. Starting from least to most important,
b) It cannot be enhanced by using choose the order of stakeholder.
languages, OS’ and tools that are
i. Managers
universally available and standardized
ii. Entry level Personnel
c) The ability of the system to behave
consistently in a user-acceptable manner iii. Users
when operating within the environment
for which the system was intended iv. Middle level stakeholder

d) None of the mentioned a) i, ii, iv, iii b) i, ii, iii, iv

Answer: a c) ii, iv, i, iii d) All of the

mentioned
5. Functional requirements capture the
intended behavior of the system. Answer: c

a) True b) Explanation: Users are your customers,

False they will be using your product, thus
making them most important of all.
Answer: a
3. Arrange the tasks involved in
Explanation: The behavior of functional requirements elicitation in an appropriate
requirements may be expressed as manner.
services, tasks or functions the system is
required to perform. i. Consolidation
ii. Prioritization
9. Does software wear & tear by iii. Requirements Gathering
decomposition? iv. Evaluation
a) iii, i, ii, iv b) iii, iv, ii, i
a) Yes b) No
c) iii, ii, iv, I d) ii, iii, iv, i
Answer: b
Answer: b
1. What is the first step of requirement
elicitation ?
 Explanation: Requirements gathering understand that the requirements change
captures viewpoint from different users over time.
followed by evaluation of those view
points.Now comes the task of checking 9. Requirements elicitation is a cyclic
the relative importance of the process
requirements and finally to consolidate
a) True b) False
or bind together the information
collected. Answer: a

Explanation: Requirements traceability

provides bi-directional traceability
5. What kind of approach was introduced for
between various associated
elicitation and modelling to give a
requirements.
functional view of the system ?
10. How many Scenarios are there in
a) Object Oriented Design (by Booch)
elicitation activities ?
b) Use Cases (by Jacobson)
a) One b) Two
c) Fusion (by Coleman)
c) Three d) Four
d) Object Modeling Technique (by
Answer: d
Rumbaugh)
Explanation: As-is Scenario, Visionary
Answer: b
Scenario, Evaluation Scenario and
Explanation: Use Case captures who does Training Scenario are the four scenarios
what with the system, for what purpose, in requirement elicitation activities.
without dealing with system internals.
10. What of the following is not an output of
7. Why is Requirements Elicitation a a JAD session ?
difficult task ?
a) Context Diagrams
a) Problem of scope
b) DFDs
b) Problem of understanding
c) ER model
c) Problem of volatility
d) UML diagrams
d) All of the mentioned Answer: d
Answer: d
Explanation: Unified Modeling Language
Explanation: Users specify unnecessary (UML) diagrams are constructed during
technical detail that may confuse, rather the design phase of the SDLC.
than clarify overall system
2. How many feasibility studies is conducted
objectives.Also, the customers/users are
in Requirement Analysis ?
not completely sure of what is needed,
have a poor understanding of the a) Two
capabilities and limitations of their
computing environment and they do not b) Three
c) Four d) None of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned Answer: a
Answer: b Explanation: Requirements must be
actionable, measurable, testable, related
Explanation: Economic feasibility to identified business needs or
(cost/benefit analysis), Technical opportunities, and defined to a level of
feasibility (hardware/software/people, detail sufficient for system design.
etc.) and Legal feasibility studies are
done in Requirement Analysis. 6. _________ and _________ are the two
issues of Requirement Analysis.
3. How many phases are there in
Requirement Analysis ? a) Performance, Design
a) Three b) Four b) Stakeholder, Developer
c) Five d) Six c) Functional, Non-Functional

Answer: c d) None of the mentioned

Explanation: Problem Recognition, Answer: b
Evaluation and Synthesis (focus is on
what not how), Modeling, Specification Explanation: Option a and c are the types of
and Review are the five phases. requirements and not the issues of
requirement analysis..
4. Traceability is not considered in
Requirement Analysis. 8. Requirements Analysis is an Iterative
Process.
a) True
a) True
b) False
b) False
Answer: b
Answer: a
Explanation: Requirements traceability is
concerned with documenting the life of a Explanation: Requirements analysis is
requirement and providing bi-directional conducted iteratively with functional
traceability between various associated analysis to optimize performance
requirements, hence requirements must requirements for identified functions,
be traceable. and to verify that synthesized solutions
can satisfy customer requirements.
5. Requirements analysis is critical to the
success of a development project. 1. Which of the following property does not
correspond to a good Software
a) True Requirements Specification (SRS) ?
b) False a) Verifiable
c) Depends upon the size of project b) Ambiguous
c) Complete Explanation: Real world object may conflict
with each other for example one
d) Traceable requirement says that all lights should be
red while the other states that all lights
Answer: b
should green.
Explanation: The SRS should be
4. Which of the following statements about
unambiguous in nature which means
SRS is/are true ?
each sentence in SRS should have a
unique interpretation. i. SRS is written by customer
2. Which of the following property of SRS ii. SRS is written by a developer
is depicted by the statement :
“Conformity to a standard is iii. SRS serves as a contract between
maintained” ? customer and developer
a) Correct a) Only i is true
b) Complete b) Both ii and iii are true
c) Consistent c) All are true
d) Modifiable d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b Answer: c

Explanation: The SRS is complete full Explanation: The SRS acts as a

labeling and referencing of all figures, communication media between the
tables etc. and definition of all terms and Customer, Analyst, system developers,
units of measure is defined. maintainers etc. Thus it is a contract
between Purchaser and Supplier. It is
3. The SRS is said to be consistent if and essentially written by a developer on the
only if basis of customer’ need but in some
cases it may be written by a customer as
a) its structure and style are such that any
well.
changes to the requirements can be made
easily while retaining the style and 5. The SRS document is also known as
structure _____________ specification.
b) every requirement stated therein is one a) black-box
that the software shall meet b) white-box
c) grey-box
c) every requirement stated therein is
d) none of the mentioned
verifiable
Answer: a
d) no subset of individual requirements
Explanation: The system is considered as a
described in it conflict with each other
black box whose internal details are not
Answer: d known that is, only its visible external
(input/output) behavior is documented.
6. Which of the following is included in c) ii, i, v, iv, iii
SRS ?
d) iii, i, ii
a) Cost
b) Design Constraints Answer: c
c) Staffing Explanation: The given sequence correctly
d) Delivery Schedule resemble a standard SRS prototype as
per IEEE.
Answer: b
9. Consider the following Statement: “The
Explanation: Design constraints include output of a program shall be given
standards to be incorporated in the within 10 secs of event X 10% of the
software, implementation language, time.”What characteristic of SRS is
resource limits, operating environment being depicted here ?
etc.
a) Consistent
7. Which of the following is not included in
SRS ? b) Verifiable

a) Performance c) Non-verifiable

b) Functionality d) Correct

c) Design solutions Answer: b

d) External Interfaces Explanation: An SRS is verifiable, if and

only if, every requirement stated therein
Answer: c is verifiable.Here the given condition
can be verified during testing phase.
Explanation: The SRS document
concentrates on:”what needs to be done” 10. Consider the following Statement: “The
and carefully avoids the solution (“how data set will contain an end of file
to do”) aspects. character.”What characteristic of SRS is
being depicted here ?
8. Arrange the given sequence to form a
SRS Prototype outline as per IEEE SRS a) Consistent
Standard.
b) Non-verifiable
i. General description
c) Correct
ii. Introduction
d) Ambiguous
iii. Index
Answer: b
iv. Appendices
Explanation: An SRS is unambiguous if and
v. Specific Requirements only if, every requirement stated therein
has only one unique interpretation. The
a) iii, i, ii,v, iv given statement does not Answer the
b) iii, ii, i, v, iv
 question: “which data set will have an Explanation: Structural models show the
end of file character ?”. organization and architecture of a
system. These are used to define the
1. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) static structure of classes in a system and
has become an effective standard for their associations.
software modelling.How many different
notations does it have ? 4. Which perspective in system modelling
shows the system or data architecture.
a) Three
a) Structural perspective
b) Four
b) Behavioral perspective
c) Six
c) External perspective
d) Nine
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d
Answer: a
Explanation: The different notations of
UML includes the nine UML diagrams Explanation: Structural perspective is used
namely class, object, sequence, to define the static structure of classes in
collaboration, activity, state-chart, a system and their associations.
component, deployment and use case
diagrams. 5. Which system model is being depicted by
the ATM operations shown below:
2. Which model in system modelling depicts
the dynamic behaviour of the system ? software-engg-mcqs-system-modelling-1-q5

a) Context Model b) Behavioral Model a) Structural model

c) Data Model d) Object Model b) Context model

Answer: b c) Behavioral model

Explanation: Behavioral models are used to d) Interaction model

describe the dynamic behavior of an
Answer: b
executing system. This can be modeled
from the perspective of the data Explanation: Context models are used to
processed by the system or by the events illustrate the operational context of a
that stimulate responses from a system. system.They show what lies outside the
system boundaries.
3. Which model in system modelling depicts
the static nature of the system ? 6. Activity diagrams are used to model the
processing of data.
a) Behavioral Model b) Context Model
a) True b) False
c) Data Model d) Structural Model
Answer: a
Answer: d
Explanation: The statement mentioned is 2. _________________ allows us to infer
true and each activity represents one that different members of classes have
process step. some common characteristics.
7. Model-driven engineering is just a a) Realization
theoretical concept. It cannot be
converted into a working/executable b) Aggregation
code. c) Generalization
a) True b) False
d) dependency
Answer: b
Answer: c
Explanation: Model-driven engineering is an
Explanation: Generalization is an everyday
approach to software development in technique that we use to manage
which a system is represented as a set of
complexity.This means that common
models that can be automatically
information will be maintained in one
transformed to executable code.
place only.
3. One creates Behavioral models of a
8. The UML supports event-based modeling system when you are discussing and
using ____________ diagrams. designing the system architecture.

a) Deployment a) True

b) Collaboration b) False

c) State chart 4. ______________ & ______________

diagrams of UML represent Interaction
d) All of the mentioned modeling.
Answer: c a) Use Case, Sequence
Explanation: State diagrams show system b) Class, Object
states and events that cause transitions
from one state to another. c) Activity, State Chart

1. Which of the following diagram is not d) All of the mentioned

supported by UML considering Data- Answer: a
driven modeling ?
Explanation: Use case modeling is
a) Activity b) Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
mostly used to model interactions
c) State Chart d) Component between a system and external
actors.Sequence diagrams are used to
Answer: b model interactions between system
components, although external agents
Explanation: DFDs focus on system may also be included.
functions and do not recognize system
objects.
5. Which level of Entity Relationship
Diagram (ERD) models all entities and
relationships ?
a) Level 1
b) Level 2
c) Level 3

d) Level 4
Answer: b
Explanation: Level 1 ERD models all data
objects (entities) and their “connections”
to one another while Level 3 ERD
models all entities, relationships, and the
attributes that provide further depth.
Thus option b is correct.