AU Powerlab

USER REFERENCE MANUAL

FOR
LINE CONSTANT EVALUATION
AND
LINE MODELLING ANALYSIS
DOCUMENT NO. ANLPM-URM-1.0

MAY 2004
ANNA UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI - 600 025
 CONTENTS

Page No.

1. ABOUT THE PROGRAM

1.1 Introduction 1-1

1.2 Utility of the Program 1-1

1.3 Features of the Program 1-1

1.3.1 Methods used 1-1

1.3.2 Program capability 1-1

2. GETTING STARTED
2.1 Introduction 2-1
2.2 The Opening Window for AU Powerlab 2-1
2.3 Opening Screen for Line Constants Sub- Modules 2-2
2.3.1 Menu bar Commands and its Uses 2-3
2.3.2 Tutorial option 2-4
2.3.3 Running the program with packaged sample data 2-5
2.3.4 Running the program with edited sample data 2-7
2.3.5 Viewing results 2-7

2.3.6 Editing Existing Project Data and Saving in a File 2-8

2.3.7 Running the program with Existing Project Data / 2-9
Created data
2.3.8 Creation of a new data file 2-9

3. LINE MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

3.1 The Opening Window for AU Powerlab 3-1
3.2 Opening Window for Line Modelling and Analysis 3-1
Modules
3.2.1 Menu bar commands and its uses 3-1
3.2.2. Tutorial Option 3-1
3.2.3 Running the Program with Packaged Examples 3-2
3.2.4 Running the program with edited sample data 3-5
3.2.5 Viewing results 3-5
 3.2.6 Editing Existing Project Data and Saving in a File 3-7

3.2.7 Running Existing project data / created data 3-7

3.2.8 Creation of a new data file 3-7

4. SAMPLE SYSTEM STUDY

4.1 Data for Three Phase Transmission Circuits 4-1

4.2 Sample Output Data File 4-1

ANNEXURES I : SAMPLE DATA FOR LINE CONSTANTS PROGRAM

ANNEXURES II : SAMPLE DATA FOR LINE MODELLING AND ANALYSIS
ANNEXURES III : OUTPUT FROM LINE CONSTANTSPROGRAM
ANNEXURES IV : OUTPUT FROM LINE MODELLING AND ANALYSIS
 CHAPTER 1 ABOUT THE PROGRAM

1.1 Introduction

This program module group named ‘Line Constants’ consists of two modules named as
Line Constants Evaluation and Line Modelling and Analysis. The two modules are
independent and each one can be invoked separately and run independently. The
inductance and capacitance per phase per unit length of three phase single and double
circuit transmission lines can be computed using first module while line modelling and
analysis can be carried out using the second module. The software modules are
provided with GUI. This interface provides a flexible, highly interactive, integrated
and user- friendly environment. Some of the desirable features of GUI are, easy input
data preparation, completely menu driven and informative reporting.

1.2 Utility of the Program

The inductance and shunt capacitance per phase per unit length of the three phase
single and double circuit transmission lines for different conductor arrangements with
solid or stranded or bundle conductors can be computed using the first module. The
series impedance and shunt admittance of transmission lines are required for modelling
of transmission lines for static and dynamic analysis of power system.

The second module computes the receiving voltage, current, power factor etc. of three
phase transmission circuits when sending end voltage, current, power factor are given
and vice versa. The series and shunt compensation for transmission circuits and the
voltage profile along the length of long transmission line are computed. Short, medium
and long transmission line modelling are included.

1.3 Features of the Program

1.3.1 Methods used

The method of GMR and GMD are used for the calculation of series inductance and
shunt capacitance of three phase transmission lines for various conductor arrangements
and for different conductors namely solid, stranded and bundle conductors. The effect
of ground on line capacitance is not considered.

The ABCD constants are used to compute the sending voltage and currents of the
transmission circuits when the receiving end MW and MVAR load and rated voltages
are given. Similarly the receiving end quantities are computed when sending end MW
and MVAR power and voltages are given. Long line model is used to compute the
voltage profile along the length of the line.

1.3.2 Program capability

The Line Constants Evaluation module is capable of computing the per phase per unit
length inductance and capacitance of transmission lines for the following six cases.

1. Three phase single circuit – solid conductors

2. Three phase single circuit – bundled conductors
1-1
3. Three phase double circuit – solid conductor vertical configuration
4. Three phase double circuit – bundled conductor vertical configuration
5. Three phase double circuit – solid conductor – horizontal configuration
6. Three phase double circuit bundled conductor – horizontal Configuration

The Line Modelling and Analysis module can carryout the following with short or
medium or long transmission line model.

1. Calculation of sending end quantities for specified receiving end MW and

MVAR load.

2. Calculation of receiving end quantities for specified sending end MW and

MVAR load

3. Calculation of sending end quantities when load impedance at the receiving end
is specified

4. Calculation of receiving end voltage of open ended line and MVAR

compensation to limit receiving end voltage

5. Computations of shunt capacitive compensation to keep receiving end voltage at

specified value for a specified load.

6. Computation of series capacitive compensation for a specified compensation

1-2
 CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED

2.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the procedure for accessing the specific program modules Line
Constants Evaluation and Line Modelling and Analysis in the AU Powerlab.
Both the modules have features for creating new data, editing stored data, running
program and viewing the results etc. The guidelines to use these features of the
software modules are briefly explained in this manual.

2.2 The Opening Window for AU Powerlab

Once the AU Powerlab software package is installed, the AU Powerlab icon will appear
on the desktop.

1. Click, the AU Powerlab icon on the desktop. Then a window carrying Anna
University frontage will appear on the screen and will disappear within few seconds
and the student Log-on-Window will appear (Fig.2.1).

Fig. 2.1 Student Log-on-Window

2 Enter the student information in the respective boxes. After entering all
informations, click Enter button. Then the opening window for AU Powerlab will
appear ( fig 2.2.)

2-1
 Fig. 2.2 Opening Window for AU Powerlab

2.3 Opening Screen for Line Constants Sub- Modules

Click ‘Line Constants’ button in the opening window. Then the window containing the
sub-modules in Line Constant will appear (fig 2.3).

Fig 2.3 Opening Screen for Line Constants Sub-Modules

2-2
Click the button Line Constants Evaluation or Line Modelling and Analysis depending
upon the module you require. Assume that Line Constants Evaluation button is clicked.
Then the menu screen for this module will appear (fig. 2.4). A menu bar with five
commands appears at the top of the window. The uses of these commands are
explained below.

Fig 2.4 Opening Window for Line Constants Evaluation

2.3.1 Menu bar Commands and its Uses

Main menu Submenu

Tutorial Lab. Manual / Enables to read either the User Reference

User Ref. Manual Manual / the Laboratory Manual.

Examples Enables to select a sample data from the list of

Packaged example and edit or modify or run the
program with the data

Project New Enables creation of a new input data file for a

new problem

Existing Enables selection of an existing data for editing,

or for running the program with the data

Exit Project Enables to exit from the project and return to

opening window

2-3
Edit Enables editing stored data file

Run Enables running of the program with packaged

example data, or existing data or newly created
data

View Output Enables to view the output results of the latest

run of the program

2.3.2 Tutorial option

1. Click the tutorial option on the menu bar, then a dropdown menu will appear (Fig.
2.5 )

Fig. 2.5 Dropdown Menu bar for Tutorial Option

2. Lab. Manual option takes you through the Laboratory Manual for the experiment
‘Computation of Parameters and Modelling of Transmission Lines’.

3. User Ref. Manual option takes you through the User Ref. Manual for ‘ Line
Constants Program’ modules.

3. Point to Examples option; then the packaged sample data are displayed (Fig 2.6.)

2-4
 Fig 2.6 Packaged Sample Data

2.3.3 Running the program with packaged sample data

Few sample system data files are prepared and stored in the program. The user can use
these sample data. The desired sample data may be chosen, viewed, edited or modified
and stored in a separate file and used for running the program. The procedure for using
the sample system data is explained below.

1. Click the tutorial button and point to examples. Then the list of packaged examples
appears (Fig 2.6). Click the desired sample data. Then the control returns to the
opening window (Fig 2.4)

Now the program can be executed with the selected data directly, by clicking the Run
button. But the user may not be aware of the details of data and the various options
used in the data. Hence it is always better to view the data, choose appropriate options
and give proper title for the study before running the program. The procedure for
editing the selected data and running the program with the data is given in this section.

2. Click the edit button. Then the window for input data editing will appear (Fig 2.7)

A copy of the chosen sample system data file is transferred to a temporary file. The
changes in the data are made in the temporary file only. Before exiting the program; a
copy of the changed data must be saved in a new file name.

2-5
 Fig. 2.7 Window for Editing Sample Data for Three Phase Single Circuit

3. Type the new data in the respective boxes. After completing the change of data,
click save button. Then the file-save-dialogue window will appear (fig 2.8). Type a
name for the file and click the save button. The changed data will be stored in the
file name and the control will return to main window.

Fig. 2.8 Window for Saving Edited Data

2-6
2.3.4 Running the program with edited sample data

Click Run button. Then the program will be executed and a message. ‘Program
Completed Successfully’ app ears. Click ok to complete the process and return to
opening window. The procedure to view the output is given in the next section.

2.3.5 Viewing results

The output of the latest run will be stored in the output file and can be viewed using view
command. The previous output will be erased and the output of the latest run will be
stored in the output file. The output of the latest run will also be erased when the session
is completed and the user quits the program. The output results can be viewed as follows.

1. Click the view button. Then a drop down menu with output will appear (Fig 2.9)

Fig 2.9 Dropdown Menu for Viewing Output

2. Click the output button. Then the conventional text format output will appear
(Fig 2.10). The student can take print out of this output.

2-7
 Fig. 2.10 Text Format Output

2.3.6 Editing Existing Project Data and Saving in a File

Data file already created by the user can be edited or data may be changed and stored
either in the same file name or in a new file name and the program may be run with this
edited / changed data. The procedure to carry out the above tasks is explained below.

1. Click project button, a dropdown menu with New, Existing and Exit Project will
appear.

2. Point to Existing button and click. Then a file open-dialogue window will appear.
Select the desired file and click open button. Then the control will return to opening
window.

3. Click edit button. Then the window for editing input data will appear.

4. Type the new data in the respective boxes. After completing the change of data,
click save button. Then the file-save-dialogue window will appear (fig 2.8). Type a
name for the file to save the data and then click the save button. The changed data
will be saved in the file name and the control will return to main window.

5. For running the program with the existing project data or edited data and viewing
results refer section 2.3.4 and 2.3.5

2-8
2.3.7 Running the program with Existing Project Data / Created data

1. Point to project and click, then a dropdown menu with New, Existing and Exit
Project will appear.

2. Click Existing button. Then a window shown in fig.2.11 will appear. Click the name
of the desired data file and click open button. Then the control will return to opening
window.

3. Click run button; then the program will be executed and a message Program
Completed Successfully appears. Click ok button to complete the process and return
to opening window. To view the output refer section 2.3.5

Fig 2.11 Window for Selecting Existing Data

2.3.8 Creation of a new data file

The inductance and capacitance can be computed for the following six cases with this
program module. You can create data for any of the cases given below.

1. Three phase single circuit – solid conductors

2. Three phase single circuit – bundled conductors
3. Three phase double circuit – solid conductor vertical configuration
4. Three Phase double circuit – bundled conductor vertical configuration
5. Three Phase double circuit – solid conductor – horizontal configuration
6. Three phase double circuit bundled conductor – horizontal Configuration

2-9
The procedure for creating new data for any of the above six cases is given below
1. Click project button. Then the dropdown menu with New; Existing and Exit
Project will appear.

2. Point to new and click data preparation. Then the window for selection of
transmission circuit will appear (Fig.2.12).

Fig. 2.12 Window for Selection of Transmission Circuit

3. Point to the transmission circuit for which data is to be prepared. Consider that
three phase double circuit horizontal configuration is considered. Then click
Three Phase Double Circuit button. Then a window for input data entry will
appear ( fig 2.13)

4. Enter the data in the respective boxes as explained in the conductor

configuration diagram given in the window. For solid conductors, enter the
radius of the conductor in the box against Geometric Mean Radius while for
stranded conductor; enter the GMR given in the manufactures data. For solid
and stranded conductors enter one against ‘no of bundle conductor’ and zero for
bundle spacing.

5. After entering all the data; click save button. Then the file-save –dialogue-
window for storing newly created data will appear (Fig.2.14)

2-10
Fig. 2.13 Window for Input Data Entry

2-11
 Fig. 2.14 Window for Storing Newly Created Data

6. Type a file name to store the newly created data and click save button. The data
will stored in the file name given and control will return to opening window
(fig. 2.4)

7. To run the program with the newly created data, click run button. Then the
program will be executed and a message ‘Program Completed Successfully’
will appear. Click ok button to end the process. To view the output refer section
2.3.5

The data preparation for other cases is similar to the above procedure.

2-12
 CHAPTER 3 LINE MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

3.1 The Opening Window for AU Powerlab

The opening window for AU Powerlab (Fig.2.2) and the window for Line Constants
Sub-modules (Fig.2.3) are obtained by following the steps explained in section 2.2 and
2.3 of chapter 2.

3.2 Opening Window for Line Modelling and Analysis Modules

Click the Line Modelling and analysis button in the opening window for line constants
sub-modules (Fig.2.3). Then the opening window for Line Modelling and Analysis
module will appear (Fig.3.1). A menu bar with five commands is located at the top of
the window.

Fig. 3.1 Opening Window for Line Modelling and Analysis Module

3.2.1 Menu bar commands and its uses

The uses of these commands are the same as that explained in section 2.3.1

3.2.2 Tutorial Option

The operations are same as described in section 2.3.2

3-1
3.2.3 Running the Program with Packaged Examples:
Few sample system data file are prepared and stored in the program. The user can use
these sample data. The desired sample data may be chosen, viewed, edited or modified
and stored in a separate file and used for running the program. The procedure for using
the sample system data is explained below.

1. Click the tutorial button and point to examples. Then the list of packaged examples
appears (Fig 3.2). Click the desired sample data. Then the control returns to the
opening window (Fig 3.1)

Fig. 3.2 Packaged Example Data

Now the program can be executed with the selected data directly, by clicking the Run
button. But the user may not be aware of the details of data and the various options
used in the data. Hence it is always better to view the data, choose appropriate option
and give proper title for the study before running the program with the selected data.
The procedure for editing the selected data and running the program with the data is
given in this section.

2. Click the edit button. Then the window for editing the basic line parameters data
will appear (Fig 3.3)

3-2
 Fig 3.3 Window for Editing Line Parameters

A copy of the chosen sample system data file is transferred to a temporary file. The
changes in the data are made in the temporary file only. Before exiting the program; a
copy of the changed data must be saved in a new file name.

3. Type the new parameter data in the respective boxes. After completing the
change of data, click save button. Then the next window for the selection of the
case will appear (fig3.4). Point to the button which is highlighted and click. Then
the window for entry of data for this case will appear (fig.3.5)

4. After entering all the data in the respective boxes, click save button, then the file-
save-dialogue window will appear (fig. 3.6). Type a name for the file and click
the save button. The edited data will be stored in the file name and the control
will return to main window.

3-3
Fig.3.4 Window for Selection of Case to be Studied

Fig 3.5 Window for data entry

3-4
 Fig. 3.6 Window for Saving Edited Data

3.2.4 Running the program with edited sample data

Click Run button. Then the program will be executed and a message. ‘Program
completed Successfully’ appears. Click ok to complete the process and return to
opening window. The procedure to view the output is given in the next section.

3.2.5 Viewing results

The output of the latest run will be stored in the output file and can be viewed using view
command. The previous output will be erased and the output of the latest run will be
stored in the output file. The output of the latest run will also be erased when the session
is completed and the user quit the program. The output results can be viewed as follows.

1. Click the view button. Then a drop down menu with output will appear (Fig 3.7)

3-5
 Fig 3.7 Dropdown Menu for Viewing Output

2. Click output button, then the conventional text format output shown in fig 3.8 will
appear. The output command causes the conventional text output to be brought to
notepad. The student can take printout of this results.

Fig 3.8 Text format Output

3-6
3. Click plot button if it is enabled; Then the plot of the quantity will appear. A
printout of the plot can be taken. The plot button will be enabled only if the output
consists of plot of variables.

3.2.6 Editing Existing Project Data and Saving in a File

Data file already created by the user can be edited or data may be changed and stored
either in the same file name or in a new file name and the program may be run with this
edited / changed data. The procedure to carry out the above tasks is explained below.

1. Click project button, a dropdown menu with New, Existing and Exit Project will
appear.

2. Point to Existing button and click. Then a file open-dialogue window will appear.
Select the desired file and click open button. The control will return to opening
window.

3. Click edit button. Then the window for editing input data will appear. The rest of the
procedure for editing the data, running the program and viewing the outputs are the
same as that explained in the previous sections 3.2.3, 3.2.4 and3.2.5

3.2.7 Running Existing project data / created data

1. Point to project and click, then a dropdown menu with New, Existing and Exit
Project will appear.

2. Click Existing button. Then the file –open dialogue will appear (Fig 3.9). Click the
desired data, and then the open button, the control will return to opening window.

3-7
 3.9 Window for saving created data

3. Click run button; then the program will be executed and a message Program
Completed Successfully appears. Click ok to complete the process and return to
opening window. For running the program and viewing the output refer sections
3.2.3,3.2.4 and3.2.5

3.2.8 Creation of a new data file

The following six cases can be analysed using this program modules. This six cases
can be analysed either using short line model or medium line model or long line model.

1. Calculation of sending end quantities for specified receiving end MW and

MVAR load.

2. Calculation of receiving end quantities for specified sending end MW and

MVAR load

3. Calculation of sending end quantities when the load impedance at the receiving
end is specified.

4. Calculation of receiving end voltage of open ended line and MVAR

compensation to limit receiving end voltage to rated value.

5. Computation of shunt capacitive compensation to keep receiving end voltage at

specified value.
3-8
6. Computation of series capacitive compensation for a specified percentage
compensation

7. Computation of voltage profile of the line for 1/8 wave length for different load
condition.

The procedure for creating new data file for any of the above seven cases is given
below.

1. Point to project and then click, then the dropdown menu with New, Existing
and Exit project will appear.

2. Point to New and click the button Data Preparation. Then the window for
line parameter entry will appear( fig 3.10)

Fig. 3.10 Window for line Parameter Data Entry

3. Choose line model, by activating the respective button

4. Enter the resistance per km, inductance in mH per km, shunt capacitance in
microfarad per km, shunt conductance in simens per km, frequency in HZ
and length of the line in km in the respective boxes. For short lines, zero
should be entered for shunt capacitance and shunt conductance. For medium
lines zero should be entered for shunt conductance

5. After entering all the data, click save button. Then the window for selection
of specific case will appear (Fig 3.11)

3-9
 3.11 Window for Selection of Specific Type of Problem

6. Point to the case depending upon your choice and click the respective button,
Consider that To calculate Sending End Quantities for Specified Receiving
End MW and MVAR button is clicked. Then the window for entring the
remaining data for this selected case will appear. (fig 3.12)

Fig 3.12 Window for Data Entry

3-10
7. Enter the required data in the respective boxes.

8. After entering all the data, click save button. Then the file save –dialogue
window will appear

9. Type a file name to save the data and then click save button. The data will be
stored in the name of the file and control will return to the opening window.

The data for other cases can be created similarly

10. To run the program with newly created data, click run button; then the
program will be executed and a message ‘Program completed Successfully’
Will appear. Click ok button to end the process. To view the output refer
section 3.2.5

3-11
 CHAPTER 4 SAMPLE SYSTEM STUDY

4.1 Data for Three Phase Transmission Circuits

The data required for the computation of line parameters of three phase single and
double circuit transmission lines for typical conductor arrangement are given in
Annexure I and II. The data required for the computation of voltage, current and power
factor at the sending end of a three phase transmission circuit is given in annexure III.

4.2 Sample Output Data File

The sample output files generated by running the modules Line Constants and Line
Modelling and Analysis using the data given in Annexure I and II are given in
Annexure IV and V.

4-1
 ANNEXURE - III
-----------------------------------
AU POWERLAB
LINE CONSTANT PROGRAM
-----------------------------------

Input data given for three phase single circuit configuration:

THREE PHASE SINGLE CIRCUIT CONFIGURATON

DISTANCE BETWEEN CONDUCTORS 1 AND 2: 11 Mt

DISTANCE BETWEEN CONDUCTORS 2 AND 3: 11 Mt
DISTANCE BETWEEN CONDUCTORS 1 AND 3: 22 Mt
CONDUCTOR DIAMETER : 0.03625 Mt
GEOMETRIC MEAN RADIUS : 0.01439 Mt
SINGLE CONDUCTOR

---------------------------------------------
AU POWERLAB

LINE MODELING AND PEFRFORMANCE ANALYSIS PROGRAM

-----------------------------------------------

Input data given for a long line for the program to compute the line
efficiency, voltage regulation and the shunt capacitance required to
maintain the receiving end voltage at 500 kV.

LINE PARAMETER VALUES

---------------------

RESISTANCE PER PHASE : 0.016 OHMS/Km

SERIES INDUCTANCE PER PHASE : 0.97 milliHENRY/Km
SHUNT CAPACITANCE PER PHASE : 0.0115 microFARAD/Km
SHUNT CONDUCTANCE PER PHASE : 0 SIMENS/Km
FREQUENCY : 60 HETRZ
LENGTH OF LINE : 300 Km

LONG LINE MODEL

 ANNEXURE - IV
-----------------------------------
AU POWERLAB
LINE CONSTANT PROGRAM
-----------------------------------

DATE:6:5:2004
TIME:15:55:4:31
THREE PHASE SINGLE CIRCUIT-EXP NO:1
INPUT VALUES
------------

THREE PHASE SINGLE CIRCUIT CONFIGURATON

DISTANCE BETWEEN CONDUCTORS 1 AND 2: 11 Mt

DISTANCE BETWEEN CONDUCTORS 2 AND 3: 11 Mt
DISTANCE BETWEEN CONDUCTORS 1 AND 3: 22 Mt
CONDUCTOR DIAMETER : 0.03625 Mt
GEOMETRIC MEAN RADIUS : 0.01439 Mt
SINGLE CONDUCTOR

OUTPUT
-------
EQUIVALENT GMD PER PHASE :13.859132 Mt
EQUIVALENT GMR FOR L CALCULATION : 0.01439 Mt
EQUIVALENT GMR FOR C CALCULATION : 0.018125 Mt

INDUCTANCE PER PHASE : 1.374033 mH/Km

CAPACITANCE PER PHASE : 8.374241 nF/Km
 ANNEXURE - V

---------------
AU POWERLAB
---------------
LINE MODELING AND PEFRFORMANCE ANALYSIS PROGRAM
-----------------------------------------------

DATE:6:5:2004
TIME:16:23:33:15
EXPERIMENT NUMBER:XXX

LINE PARAMETER VALUES

---------------------

RESISTANCE PER PHASE : 0.016 OHMS/Km

SERIES INDUCTANCE PER PHASE : 0.97 milliHENRY/Km
SHUNT CAPACITANCE PER PHASE : 0.0115 microFARAD/Km
SHUNT CONDUCTANCE PER PHASE : 0 SIMENS/Km
FREQUENCY : 60 HETRZ
LENGTH OF LINE : 300 Km

LONG LINE MODEL

---------------

EQUIVALENT PI MODEL
SERIES IMPEDANCE PER PHASE : 4.574137+j107.119014 OHMS
TOTAL SHUNT ADMITTANCE PER PHASE :6.963796e-07+j0.001316 SIEMENS

ABCD PARAMETER VALUES:

----------------------
0.929501+j0.003048
4.574137+j107.119014
-1.334077e-06+j0.00127
0.929501+j0.003048
SHUNT CAPACITOR COMPENSATION:
-----------------------------
SENDING END VOLTAGE (L-L) : 500 KV
SENDING END VOLTAGE PHASEANGLE : 20.24786 DEG
SENDING END 3-PHASE REAL POWER :812.468664 MW
SENDING END 3-PHASE REACTIVE POWER :-55.006172 MVAR
SENDING END APPARENT POWER :814.328563 MVA
SENDING END CURRENT :940.305631 AMPS
SENDING END CURRENT PHASE ANGLE : 24.121017 DEG
SENDING END POWERFACTOR : 0.997716 LEAD

RECEIVING END VOLTAGE (L-L) : 500 KV

RECEIVING END VOLTAGE PHASEANGLE : 0 DEG
RECEIVING END 3-PHASE REAL POWER : 800 MW
RECEIVING END 3-PHASE REACTIVE POWER :-13.848568 MVAR
RECEIVING END APPARENT POWER :800.119855 MVA
RECEIVING END CURRENT :923.898828 AMPS
RECEIVING END CURRENT PHASE ANGLE : 0.991732 DEG
RECEIVING END POWERFACTOR : 0.99985 LEAD

REAL POWER OF LOAD : 800 MW

REACTIVE POWER OF LOAD : 600 MVAR
LOAD CURRENT :1154.700538 AMPS
PHASE ANGLE OF LOAD CURRENT :-36.869898 DEG
LOAD POWERFACTOR : 0.8 LAG
REQUIRED SHUNT CAPACITOR :
------------------------
SHUNT CAPACITOR REACTANCE(Xc)/PHASE :407.266568 OHMS/PHASE
SHUNT CAPACITANCE/PHASE : 6.513136 MICRO FARAD/PHASE
3-PH MVAR RATING OF SHUNT CAPACITOR :-13.848568 MVAR
SHUNT CAPACITOR CURRENT :708.811272 AMPS
PHASEANGLE OF SHUNT CAPACITOR CURRENT: 90 DEG

PERCENTAGE VOLTAGE REGULATION : 7.584051 %

TRANSMISSION LINE EFFICIENCY : 98.465336 %