Lecture 1

Let U be the universal set of positive integers less than or equal to 100. Let Y be the set of multiples of 3 in U,
let Z be the set of multiple of 5 in U and N(x) be number of elements in any set x.
Find N(Y ՈZ), N(Y ՈZ’), N(Z ՈY’), and N(Y’ ՈZ’)

A survey of business firms in a city in Asia found that 750 firms offer their employees health insurance, 640 offer dental
insurance, and 280 offer health insurance and dental insurance. How many firms offer their employees’ health insurance
or dental insurance?

Many colleges use computer-assisted testing. In a college, a screening test is to consist of 5 questions, and a
computer stores 5 comparable questions for the first test question, 8 for the second, 6 for the third, 5 for the
fourth, and 10 for the fifth question. How many different 5-question tests can the computer select if two tests
are considered different if they differ in one or more questions.

\Thomas purchases a big-screen TV, pays 5% sales tax, and is charged $200 for delivery. If Thomas’ total cost is
$7,550, what the purchase price of the big-screen TV?

Solve -3 < 2x + 3 ≤ 9
Find the domains of functions f, g, and h:
12
f(x) = g(x) = 1 – x2 h(x) = √ x−1
x−2

For f(x) = x2 – 2x + 7, Find:

(a) f(a)
(b) f(a + h)
(c) f(a + h) – f(a)
f ( a+ h )−f (a)
(d) , h≠0
h

A company manufacturing snowboards has fixed costs of $500 per day and total costs of $5,500 per day at a
daily output of 25 boards.
(a) Assuming that the total cost per day, C(x), is linearly related to the total output per day, x, write an equation for the
cost function.

(b) The average cost per board for an output of x boards is given by C (x) = C(x) / x.
(c) What does the average cost per board tend to as production increases?

A firm has 7 senior and 5 junior officers. Now the firm want to form a special working committee. In how many
ways can a 4-officer working committee be formed so that it comprised of:
(a) Any 4 officers?
(b) 3 senior officers and 1 junior officer?
(c) at least 2 senior officers?
A manufacturer of a digital camera wholesales its camera to retail shops. The financial department in the
company arrived at the following price-demand function and the corresponding revenue function:
p(x) = 94.8 – 5x Price-demand Function
R(x) = xp(x) = x(94.8 – 5x) Revenue Function
where p(x) is the wholesale price per camera at which x million camera can be sold and R(x) is the
corresponding revenue (in millions of dollars). Both functions has domain 1 ≤ x ≤ 15.
(a) Find the value of x to the nearest thousand camera that will generate the maximum. What is the maximum
revenue to the nearest thousand dollars?
(b) What is the wholesale price per camera (to the nearest dollar) that generates the maximum revenue?

3x
Given the rational function f(x) = 2
x −4
(a) Find the domain.
(b) Find the x and y intercepts.
(c) Find the equations of all vertical asymptotes.
(d) If there is a horizontal asymptote, find its equation.

Cosmic-ray bombardment of the atmosphere produces neutrons, which in turn react with nitrogen to produce
radioactive carbon 14 (14C). Radioactive carbon 14C enters all living tissues through carbon dioxide, which is first
absorbed by plant. As long as a plant or animal is alive, 14C is maintained in the living organism at a constant
level. Once the organism dies, however, 14C decays according to the equation
A = A0e-0.000124t
where A is the amount present after t years and A0 is the amount present at time t = 0.
If 500 milligrams of 14C is present in a sample from a skull at the time of death, how many milligrams will be
present in the sample in 15,000 years? Compute the answer to two decimal places.
Use logarithmic properties to write in simpler firm:
wx
(a) logb (b) logb(wx)3/5
yz
(c) Find x so that 3/2 logb4 – 2/3 logb8 + logb2 = logbx

How long (to the next whole year) will it take money to double if it is invested at 20% compounded annually?
r
The compound interest formula is A = P (1 + )mt.
m
A = Amount (future value) of a principal P (present value) is invested at an annual rate r compounded m times
a year at the end of t years.

Find each limit:

3
( x −5 x−1) √ 2 x 2 +3 2x
(a) lim (b) lim (c) lim
x →2 x→−1 x→ 4 3 x +1

X2 + 1 if x < 2
Let f(x) = {
X–1 if x > 2

Find: (a) x→lim ¿ (b) x→lim ¿ (c) lim f (x ) (d) f(x)

−¿ +¿
2 f (x)¿ 2 f (x)¿ x →2
A car sharing service offers a membership plan with a $100 per month fee that includes 10 hours of driving
each month and charges $15 for each additional hour.

(a) Write a definition of the cost function f(x) for a month in which a member uses a car for x hours each
month.

(b) lim ¿
Find: (i) x→ 10 (ii) x→ lim ¿ lim f ( x ), whichever exist
(iii) x→
−¿ +¿
f (x)¿ 10 f (x)¿ 10

Find the limit or explain why the limit does not exist:
x −1 x−1 x+ 1
(a) lim 2 (b) lim 2 (c) lim 2
x →1 x +1 x →1 x −1 x →1 x −1

lim ¿
(a) −¿
x→ 1
x+2
¿
(x−1)(x+1)

lim ¿
(b) x→ 1
x+ 2
+¿
¿
(x−1)(x+1)

Find by method of substitution:

x
x+ 1 e 1 3 2
( x −4 x + x +5)
(a) lim 2 (b) lim 2x (c) lim 2 (d) lim
x →2 x −1 x →0 1+e x →1 x −1 x →2
Find by cancellation of factors:
2 n n
x −4 x −a
(a) lim (b) lim , where n is a positive integer
x →2 x−2 x →a x−a

Give a pair of limit expressions that describe the end behaviour of each polynomial:
(a) p(x) = 3x3 – 500 x2 (b) p(x) = 3x3 – 500 x4

A newly released smart-phone operating system gives users an update notice every time they download a new
2
100 t
app. The percentage P of users that have installed the new update after t days is given by P(t) = 2 .
t +100
(a) What percentage of users have installed the new update after 5 days? After 10 days? After 20 days?
(b) What happens to p(t) as t → ∞?

A bakery estimates its annual profits from the production and sale of x loaves of bread per year to be P(x)
dollars, where P(x) = 6x – 0.001x2 – 5000. For which values of x does the bakery make a profit selling bread?
The revenue (in dollars) from the sale of X wooden chairs is given by:
R(X) = 20X – 0.02X2 where 0 ≤ X ≤ 1,000
(a) What is the change in revenue if production is changed from 100 chairs to 400 chairs?
(b) What is the average rate of change in revenue for the change in production?

1
(a) If Y = 3 find Y’
X
(b) If Y = √3 X find Y’

A company‘s total sales (in millions of dollars) t months from now are given by S(t) = √ t + 2.
Find and interpret S(25) and S’(25). Use these results to estimate the total sales after 26 months and after 27
months.

If y = ( x 2 + x – 2)e x , find y’

2
x +3 x +2
If y = 2 , find y’
x +2
If X is the number of units of a product produced in some time interval, then
Total cost of production = C(X)
Marginal cost of production = C’(X)
Marginal cost is the instantaneous rate of change of cost relative to production at a given production level.

A company manufactures fuel tanks for cars. The total weekly cost (in dollars) of producing X tanks is given by:
C(X) = 10,000 + 90X – 0.05X2.
(a) Find the marginal cost function.
(b) Find the marginal cost at a production level of 500 tanks per week.
(c) Interpret the meaning of marginal cost per (b).
(d) Find the exact cost of producing the 501st tank.

An European internet store sells wool blankets. If the store sells x blankets at a price of $p per blanket, then
the price-demand equation is p = 350(0.999)x. Find the rate of change with respect to demand when the
demand is 800 blankets and interpret the result.

Find the indicated derivatives:

(a) f’(x) if f(x) = (3x + 1)4
(b) y’ if y = (x3 + 4)7
d 1
(c)
dt ¿ ¿
(a) Price-supply equation. The number x of fitness watches that an online retailer is willing to sell per
week at a price of $p is given by x = 0.5p2 -3p + 200. Use implicit differentiation to find dp/dx.

(b) Price-demand equation. The number x of compact refrigerators that people are willing to buy per
week from an appliance chain at a price of $p is given by : x = 900 -30√ p +25. Use implicit
differentiation to find dp/dx.

Let y = x3 - 4 ln x. Find y’, y’’, y’’’