Q.1 What is an operating system? Ans: Operating System: Operating system is a collection of system software that controls the working of computer system. It acts as an interface between the computer user and computer. It facilitates program execution and helps in developing application programs Q.2 List common types of operating systems? Ans: Common Types of Operating Systems: There are three types of operating systems based on ways of interaction wih computer (interface). The three types of interfaces are: Command Line interface. : Menu Driven interface. e Graphical User Interface (GUI) Q.3 What is Disk Operating System (DOS)? e-Ans: Disk Operating System (DOS): DOS was the most popular CLI operating system. DOS displays the prompt (C:\>) to enter commands. User must know the syntax of the command. DOS commands are difficult to remember, Some DOS commands are still-supported by the new Windows operating system. Itis a’single user and single task operating system errr prin] i casting Mats => oo Pastner et ere ae tee erates ire Bees DOS Interface NotesCity.net_© 2023Chapter 2 Examples of DOS commands: ,_The following are some examples of DOS commands with their description DIR Display the contents of current directory (folder) FORMAT D- Format the D drive COIPICS CD stands for Change Directory, which makes Pics the current directory Some DOS commands are shown in Fig Do You Know? Microsoft introduced the MS DOS in 1981 and i was replaced by Windows 3.0 in 1990. Q-4 List the classification of Operating system. Ans: Classification of Operating System: Operating systems can be classified into two major categories, single-user and multi-user operating systems. Q.5 List the types of operating system. Ans: Types of Operating Systems: } There are three types of operating systems. These re batch processing, Time-sharing and real-time operating systems Q-6 AGUI operating system provides a user-friendly interface explain it. Ans: Getting Started with GUI Operating System: A GUI Operating System provides a user-friendly interface. This makes it easier for people with litle computer skills to operate the computer. A GUI combines four elements which are, Window, Icon, Menu-and Pointer. All the information displayed on the screen is presented inside a-window. Small graphical symbols known as icons arejused to represent files, folders, drives. programs and commands» Menus present various commands from which the user makes a selection witha pointing device. Mouse or touchpad is used as pointing device for performing different tasks such as selecting an option or opening a file, folder or program Tip You can delete a file from your hard disk without sending it to Recycle Bin by clicking the file and then pressing Shift + Delete Do You Know? Right click a shortcut icon, select Properties and click Open File Location to know the location of program, file or folder to which a shortcut Delongs. You can create a new folder in Windows Explorer by simply pressing the Ctrl+Shift»N keys and then rename it Q.7 List: the various steps to create a new folder. Ans: Steps to create a new folder: The following are the steps to create a new folder. 1. Go to the location where a folder is to be created,3, f | GOB tow) won Ts) [sear GRO UC Chapter 2 Right-click a blank area, point to New in the shortcut menu and then click . tout Folder as shown in Fig Type a name for the new folder and then press Enter key Organce © ache bry» Sharewth Bum Newfoiter f-a@ Q8 Ans: 3. 4 5. B dowsleads Broworsurmn Name Duemotted — Type See Shortcut menu to create a folder List the various steps to copy or move files. Steps to copy or move files: The following are the steps to copy or move files. Go to the location from where files are to be copied or moved Select the files to copy or move. To select consecutive group of multiple files or folders, create a selection around the outside of all the items by dragging the mouse pointer. To select non-consecutive group of fies or folders, press and hold down the Ctrl key and then click each item one by one. To select all the items in a window, click Organize on the toolbar and then click Select all. Right-click on any selected file icon and then select copy or move from the shortcut menu as shown in Fig Go to the location where the files are to be copied or moved. Right-click a blank area and click Paste. NotesCity.net_© 2023www.notescity.net Chapter 2 GON co AE cA abo Pi bn ee Orpenae + Gop Sharma + 1 Foret 1B Deemioade Ts ecw Pec 1 ceca date Bute By Decamnanes J Nea when Bee 9 Compan Bosc ea local at hen ®j tems selected Shortcut menu for copying or moving files Q.9 List the various steps to delete files or folders. Ans: The following are the steps to delete files or folders. 1. Go to the location from where files or folders are to be deleted. 2. Select the items to delete as describe earlier. 3. Right-click ary ‘selected item and then click Delete in the shortcut menu. Do you Know? There are six different versions of Windows 7. These are Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise and Ultimate Q.10 What is system installation? Ans: System Installation: A computer system consists of hardware and software. Before the use of computer, user must install the operating system and other required software. Q.11 Briefly explain the process of installation of window 10-Operating System? . Ans: Installation of Windows 10 Operating System: ‘The following are the steps for installation of Windows 10 operating system 1. Turn on the computer and insert the Windows 10 DVD and boot the computer. Make sure DVD is set as the first boot device. 2 When the screen shown’in Fig. appears, select the Language, Time and currency format, Keyboard or input method and click Next.www.notescity.net Aine (ein og Pe So see ee) Te nd cunenc toons SESS | Pere eee ee ea Screen to select language and time and currency format 3. Click Install now in the screen shown in Fig. to start installation of Windows 10. Aare eli rr Prag Screen to Install now 4. Wait for a few seconds for the setup to start (Fig) TO Se lal 5. If youhave a product key, enter it, otherwise click on Skip (Fig) NotesCity.net_© 2023www.notescity.net Chapter 2 O diviedousenn inbscinsaenaiiie tie {nter the product key to activate Windows: sev bron eect te ort Wo cme inerins manag et shaw ou gt Neder The produc ery lok te ths: 00004 0000000230000 X00 Dashes stomata ee ry =a 6. Accept the license terms.and click on Next (Fig). MICROSOFT PRE-RELEASE SOFTWARE LICENSE TERMS, MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER ‘These license terms are an agreement between Microsoft Corporation (or based on where you live, oF if a bussiness, where your principal place of Dusiness s located, one of its affiliates) and you. f you ave entering into this agreement on behalf of an entity, such as your employes, you represent that you have the legal authority to bind that entity. Pease read them. They apply | to the pre-release software narmed above, which includes the media on which "3 you received (if any. The terms also apply to any Microsoft: 7 7. Select ‘Custom: install Windows only (Advanced)" (Fig) NotesCity.net_© 2023Chapter 2 www.notescity.net Which type of installation do you want? Upsrade: install Windows and keep fies, settings, and applications The es. settings, and applications are moves to Windows weh the option. The opton w only avalable when a supported venion of Windows taleady runing en thecompte Custom: Install Windows only (advanced) Poets, setngs and appocations arent moves to Windown wah tm option Fyou wert mate cnangesio petnom ard tne cemputer wing theinstaaton dr We fend cng so eg Peto coron Note: Make sure the drive is formatted, if format option provided. CSE Sey not you can format by selecting the 9. Wait for a sometime until Windows is being installed. This may take from a few minutes to an hour depending on the hardware of your personal computer. Once this process is complete, your PC will restart (Fig) N ity.net_© 2023www.notescity.net Installing Winds Suen Ao Sopyng Windows files Getting (es rondy fr italic 7) Irctalling features brstaling updates Fanshog op 10. Choose Windows 10 (Fig). © Choose an operating system ae et eee eer 11. Wait for some more time (Fig). ‘ iS Getting ready 12. ‘Enter a serial key, otherwise click on Do this later to skip this option (Fig). NotesCity.net_© 2023www.notescity.net 13. 14. It's time to enter the product key Pedtakde lod achdaruatecknetstekobaiebambuatnekecsaul Windows, oF on the Certitcate of Autentaaty socket. which yout frd on your PC, power adapter, Ce eeted Sue et eee Ed Perel ty Cad Click on Use express settingsto use the recommended settings. Alternatively youcan even click on Customize settings to customize the settings (Fig) Get going fast eet tn rete anand Lleted atk wrahiog Cartuag baths taacbaotedakouiire ter) Reet ere ee Sel cme errr ern ae Peer eee en enc ene eee OEE enn earn toe oe tere Tana ann onan enn Peete eo nents Dee ta Len eel ae eT TC Pree s Ce Ree ee Lead Deen aren Wait for a few seconds more (Fig) NotesCity.net_© 202315.” Enter a name and password to create your account (Fig). (Gi s-F) (la leecele pi mela 1 you want to use a password, choose something that will be easy for youto remember but hard for en ee Pee iene tun ad 16. Wait for a few seconds more,(Fig) This won't take long We're setting things up for you lak a aeiaeel (a) (b) 17. There you go, you are finally on Windows 10 (Fig) NotesCity.net_© 2023Q.12 _Briefly explain the process of i Ans: Installation of Antivirus Software: The following are the steps for installation of AVG Antivirus software. 1 Download the AVG Antivirus Free Edition from Internet that runs on Microsoft Windows. 2. Double-click on the installation program shown in Fig, AVGAnti-Virus Icon of AVG Antivirus program 3. Welcome screen will appear as shown in Fig. Click the Next button to proceed with the installation. re ra = , AVG Welcome to AVG Installer {ou are nom petal AVG wth ae search cosbaty. Welcome screen of AVG Antivirus 4. License Agreement screen will be displayed as shown in Fig. Click Accept to continue with the installation. NotesCity.net_© 2023"eu re rom eatary AVG mim le sarc apabaty. Sy etating fe redt ys are egret he flog tame and crane of he ANG 212 Loree Agreement and ANG thmmanre ae IMPORTANT: READ THS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY (1 IS A LEGAL CONTRACT GOVERNING YOUR USE OF SOFTWARE CERIAM SERVICES PROVOED BY AVG TEORICLOGES Ate Ave TEOHIOLOGES COULTON AO USE OF cERTam | 4 PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION BY CLICKING THE “ACCEPT”, OPTION OR RISTALUNG THE ACCOMPANYING SOFRVARE PRODUCT (HE SOFWARE’) YOU ON | BEHALF OF YOURSELF AND THE PARTY ON WHOSE COMPUTER THE SOFTWARE 1S | <_2Staane sesso Se “apanan sn ese neous goes suse aa 2f stom ta - rao rear License Agreement screen 5. Select Express Install in the screen shown in Fig. and click Next Rees eeu © Caprese instal (recommended) rata ie tftmare 8 Fndarcconfaten. Ltae the AVG Secaty Tuber tect your compu’ fom tangeons nebates Set. kccon rc potecs AVG Seaue Seach at you detaut search prone utom Inetall Choose when aogxaven fered ya want etakeo Reconmerded cnace advanced users es, eos 2 rR ANG Secure Sear as ou Seta sews prow? Bitrate te ANG Seeuty Took te potect your compte tam dangerous vebates Destraton fader: [EProp an FlesavGWrezI2 } Cem Oefeut Screen to select type of installation 6. Click Next to accept the default Component Selection shown in the screen of Fig NotesCity.net_© 2023www.notescity.net Chapter 2 reer Peete cd Ce (ST rt rc are cog i . ale nd Parner. Screen to select custom options 7. Tick (7) the option in the screen of Fig. if required and click Finish to complete the installation BOTS) Rete i) Thanik you for instaling AVG 2012. lime norove my sent by pancowirg Pane ICL arae m acardree wth Prat Pe ANG rotors or puso archaea snd MPO ONaEL YOU Fay ey) Tt went tet getrnewe me offers and meaty alerts saree | 2) Irene nao ot © more ae asics wd ern by comgitng i erg actos len) What the man reason you choose AVG? fammennanomnes ad Screen to finish the installation Do you Know? The first antivirus software was developed by Bernd Fix in early 1987 to remove Vienna virus. Q.13 What are the objectives of windows defender? Ans: Windows Defender: Windows 10 comes with Windows Defender which is anti-virus software. Now, computer users do not have to buy anti-virus software When Windows 10 is installed on a computer, Windows Defender is also installed as built-in anti-virus software. It runs in the background and checks for viruses. It automatically scans programs and files that user opens or downloads. NotesCity.net_© 2023www.notescity.net Chapter 2 If any type of malware is detected. it will display warning message and recommend what to do next to keep the computer safe e Operating System is a collection of system software that controls the working of computer system and acts as an interface between the computer user and computer. e The main objectives of operating system are convenience and efficiency. it makes the computer more convenient to use. e Memory Management is the process of allocating memory space for user Programs in main memory and managing it. e Inputioutput Management is the process of controlling the operation of all the input/output devices attached to computer. e File Management System is the part of operating system that organizes, stores and keeps track of computer files and folders. e Resource Management_refers to the automatic management of resources of a computer by the operating system when application programs are executed by computer user. Resources of a computer are CPU, memory, input/output devices, etc. e User Management is anvimportant feature of operating system for creating and managing user accounts for a secure computer system. e Command Line Interface (CLI) is a type of computer interface that is based ‘on textual input. In CLI, commands are given with a keyboard. e Menu Driven Interface presents a menu on the screen and the user makes a choice and then the next menu appears. The user make& another choice and so on to operate the computer. e GU! is a graphical interface for computer users to interact with computer. It uses windows, icons, menus and pointer. To perform a task, the user has to select icons or make choices in. menus using a mouse. . The operating system that is used by a single user at a time is known as Single user Operating System. It is used in microcomputers. e Multi-user Operating System allows many users to use a. computer at the same time. These are used on large computers such as minicomputers and mainframes, They manage a large number of users. e Batch Processing System groups jobs in batches and the computer executes them one by one. ; ; e Time-sharing System is a feature of operating system in which multiple users can run different programs on a large-scale computer. It allows many users to have access to a computer at the same time and share the computer's time e Real-time System must process information and produce a response within a specified time. It is developed for special applications. e Recycle Bin is a temporary place (folder) for items that the user deletes form tha hard dick Neleted items can be restored if required. NotesCity.net_© 2023Chapter 2 www.notescity.net Qi. vii. viii. Computer icon allows the user to access the contents of computer drives and manage files and folders Folder icon resembles a physical file folder and it is used to store files. In a GUI files are represented by file icons. A file can be easily recognized by looking at its icon. It opens by double-clicking on it Program icons represent executable program files. They open when the user Double - clicks on them. Shortcut icons are created to access a program, file or folder quickly. They have an arrow at bottom left corner and the name below tt. Managing Data means storing files in secondary storage devices such as hard disk or USB flash drive, in an organized way in folders so that they can be accessed easily and quickly when needed. RCIS Select the best answer for the following MCQs. Which interface is based on textual input? A GUI B CLI Cc Menu-driven interface D. Windows Which of the following interface uses window, icon, menu and pointer to interact with computer? A cu B cu, Cc. Menu-driven interface D. DOS Which of the following operating system was introduced in 1969? A Macintosh B Linux Cc Unix Dd. Windows Which of the following operating system must process information and produce a response within a specified time? A Batch Processing System B Time-sharing System c Multiprogramming System . Real-time System Which of the following is open source Operating system? A UNIX B. Linux c DOS D. Novell's Netware Which of the following user interface is the easiest one to learn and use? A cu B GUI c Menu driven interface D. Dos Which of the following Operating system allows many users to use a computer at the same time? A Single-user operating system B. Batch processing system c. Real-time processing system D Multi-user operating system In which of the following operating system, CPU is switched rapid; between all the programs to simultaneously execute all of them? . A. Batch Processing System B.Time-sharing Systemam RN Notest i ily.net net NotesCity.net_© 2023