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Intro Torsion

The objective was to determine material properties of specimens under torsion including modulus of rigidity, maximum shear stress and strain, and Poisson's ratio. The experiment used a torsion testing machine to apply torque to steel and brass specimens while measuring the resulting twist angle. Measurements were taken throughout the elastic region and until failure to characterize the torque-twist relationship and calculate mechanical properties based on elastic theory equations.

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Azim Mazma
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27 views3 pages

Intro Torsion

The objective was to determine material properties of specimens under torsion including modulus of rigidity, maximum shear stress and strain, and Poisson's ratio. The experiment used a torsion testing machine to apply torque to steel and brass specimens while measuring the resulting twist angle. Measurements were taken throughout the elastic region and until failure to characterize the torque-twist relationship and calculate mechanical properties based on elastic theory equations.

Uploaded by

Azim Mazma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TORSION TEST EXPERIMENT

Objective
i. To determine the modulus of rigidity, maximum shearing stress, maximum
shearing strain and Poisson’s ratio for the tested specimen.
ii. To study the linearly elastic behaviour of the tested specimen under torsion
and to obtain the relationship between torsional load and angle of twist for a
full range of strains until failure.

Apparatus
WP 500 torsion testing machine, calliper, marker pan, solid cylindrical specimens
(steel and brass). Sketch the specimen with complete dimensions.

Theory
Torsional loads are created by propellers on aircraft, transmissions in cars or by
highway signs that are twisted by wind. Torsion loading results in twisting of one
section of a body with respect to a contiguous section. Torque is a moment that
tends to twist a member about its longitudinal axis. Shearing strains are induced in
members under torsion. Shafts are widely used in engineering applications to
transmit power from one point to another. A torque, T is applied to the shaft as
shown in Figure 1 where the shaft is fixed at one end and free at the other. As a
result, complementary shear stresses are developed on the longitudinal p lanes
which cause a distortion of filaments.
In a torque against angle of twist relationship, the modulus of rigidity or shear
modulus of the tested specimen can be determined by using the following
relationship :
G=TL/ J ∅
and G=τ /γ

where ; T =¿applied torque


L=¿ length of the shaft
G=¿modulus of rigidity
∅ =¿angle of twist within the tested length

The largest shear stress occurs at the outside surface of the material and can be
calculated using the following relationship :
τ =Tr /J

where; τ =¿shear stress


r =¿radius of the shaft
J=¿polar moment of inertia of the shaft

The shearing strain occurs along the tested length of the shaft can be determined
using the following relationship :
γ =r ∅ / L
where; γ =¿ shear strain
The relationship between the modulus of rigidity and modulus of elasticity within the
linear elastic range of the material is described by Hooke`s law, which relates the
Poisson`s ratio of the tested material is given by;
E=2G(1+ ν )
where; ν=¿ Poisson’s ratio
E=¿modulus of elasticity

The torque can also be obtained by using the following relationship;


T =G(Jθ)
where; θ=∅ / L=¿angle of twist per unit length

Procedure
The experimental apparatus is setup as shown in Figure 2.
1. We started the experiment with a steel specimen. The length and diameter of
the specimen was measure by a caliper.
2. A marker pen used to draw a straight line on the specimen length in order to
see the effect of twisting. Both end of the specimen is fixed at the specimen
holder.
3. Arrange the specimen between the loading device and the torque measuring
unit. We make sure that shifting specimen holder of the load is in the mid
position.
4. We ensure that the specimen is not having force. Then we turn on the hand
wheel clockwise to provide the applied load. We switch the on-measurement
amplifier and set to zero. We read the value and note the applied torque.
5. We choose an increment of a quarter rotation (90° ) as the first rotation, half
rotation (180° ) for the second and third rotation while one rotation ( 360° ) for the
fourth to 8th rotation. We take the reading of the applied load and angle of twist
for each 5 to 10 rotations for the 9th to specimen fracture.
6. Finally, we record all data in table.

Note:
It is best to count the number of rotations and then later convert it to degrees when
writing the report. Record the final torque reading of the specimen at failure and also
measure the new diameter at the fracture point.

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