Liquid Liquid Extraction

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE
Department of Polymer and Process Engineering
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Mass Transfer Laboratory
Submitted to:
Sir Sajid Naseem
Submitted by:
Muhammad Khizar Shafique 2011-PE-67

Muhammad Umer Farooq 2011-PE-41
Zohaib Ahmad 2011-PE-64
Nabeel Ahmed Khan 2011-PE-57
Tabin Ahmad Rai 2011-PE-12
Muhammad Imran 2011-PE-70
Dated: 16-04-2014
Contents
1. Liquid Liquid Extraction ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Basic Terms .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Types of Liquid Liquid Extraction ...................................................................................... 1
1.2.1 Batch-wise Single Stage Extraction ............................................................................. 1
1.2.2 Continuous Extraction .................................................................................................. 2
1.2.3 Other Non-Conventional Techniques .......................................................................... 2
1.3 Comparison of Separation Techniques .............................................................................. 3
References .................................................................................................................................. 4
1. Liquid Liquid Extraction
Liquid–liquid extraction (solvent extraction & partitioning) is the method used separate com-
pounds on basis of their relative solubilities in different immiscible liquids, usually water is taken
as a basis to relate. It is the extraction of substance from one liquid phase to another.
1.1 Basic Terms

 Solute: It is the material in the feed solution that is to be separated by liquid liquid extrac-
tion
 Solvent: It is the immiscible liquid from which the extraction is to be done.
 Extract: It is the solvent which is enriched in solute.
 Raffinate: It is the feed solution, now depleted of solute.
1.2 Types of Liquid Liquid Extraction

There are many types of liquid liquid extractions, each having its own merits and demer-
its. Basically they are batch and continuous types. Following are the ones mainly used in indus-
try,
1.2.1 Batch-wise Single Stage Extraction

It is the simple type of liquid liquid extraction used in laboratories
and small scale industry where separation is a subsidiary only. It includes
the usage of a separating funnel e.g. we can separate and organic com-
pound from acetic acid by adding sodium bicarbonate. The sodium bicar-
bonate will react with acetic acid to form NaCOOH, CO2 and H2O.
In this type of extraction, the two liquids are added in a separating
funnel and shake for 1-2mins. Then it is allowed to settle by setting on a
stand. Soon, two layers of different liquids are formed. One of them is re-
moved by opening the valve underneath and are thus separated.
1|Page
1.2.2 Continuous Extraction
These are used in industry commonly for metal separation e.g. the separation of lantha-
nides, because their separation factor is so small, thus many extraction stages are required. The
raffinate from one extraction unit is given to next unit as feed meanwhile the organic phase
moves in opposite direction. Thus a large decontamination factor is given.
For good separation the distribution ration should be between 0.1 and 100. This tech-
nique can be performed by two equipment:
 Mixer-settlers: A large number of mixer-settlers are

interconnected counter-currently, the liquids move
in one mixer to another and separation in done by
gravity. This is a multi-stage process. Single-staging
this process is very inefficient, because in that case,
separation factor will be too low.
 Centrifugal extractors: Mixing and separation is done

in one unit. The separation is done by the centrifugal
action provided by a rotor which can pull off speeds
up to 6000rpm. They major advantage is that separa-
tion is more efficient and it can be configured in both
counter & cross current extractions. This is a single-
stage process. But sometimes, multi stages can be
used for centrifugal extractors. But it increases the
cost of separation to large extent.
1.2.3 Other Non-Conventional Techniques

Some other techniques are also used for separation,
 Extraction w/o chemical change

 Solvation Mechanism
 Ion-Exchange Mechanism
 Ion Pair Extraction
 Aqueous Two Phase Extraction
2|Page
1.3 Comparison of Separation Techniques
Distillation Gas Absorber Liquid Extraction
It is method of separating It is an operation in which a gas It is the separation of a solute

mixtures based on difference mixture is contacted with a liq- from an immiscible liquid by
in in volatility of components uid for the purpose of dissolving adding another feed solution
Definition
in a boiling liquid mixture one or more components of the thus producing a solute rich liq-
gas mixture and to provide their uid and a solute depleted one
solution in a liquid
Feed Operation Separation
The separating agent is heat The separation agent is gas ab- The separation agent is solvent
Agent
transfer sorbent
It is not a chemical operation It can be chemical or physical It is a chemical operation

operation
Vapor or Liquid Vapor Liquid
Vapor or Liquid Liquid Liquid

Created/
Added
Phase
Energy Addition Process Solute Addition Process Mass Addition Process

Process
One stream is product rich A gas enriched stream is pro- One liquid is product rich and
Product
Stream
and other is product de- duced only other is not

pleted
3|Page
References
 Liquid-Liquid Extraction Equipment, Jack D. Law and Terry A. Todd, Idaho National La-
boratory.
 Scholz, F.; S. Komorsky-Lovric, M. Lovric (February 2000). "A new access to Gibbs ener-
gies of transfer of ions across liquid|liquid interfaces and a new method to study elec-
trochemical processes at well-defined three-phase junctions". Electrochemistry Commu-
nications (Elsevier) 2 (2): 112–118. doi:10.1016/S1388-2481(99)00156-3.
 Danil de Namor, A.F.; T. Hill (1983). Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transac-
tions: 2713.
 Andrea Adamo; Patrick L Heider; Nopphon Weeranoppanant; and Klavs F. Jensen, Mem-
brane-Based, Liquid-Liquid Separator with Integrated Pressure Control. Ind. Eng. Chem.
Res. July 2013., http://www.zaiput.com/liquid-liquid-separators
 Mackenzie, Murdoch. "The Solvent Extraction of Some Major Metals". Cognis GmbH. Re-
trieved 2008-11-18.
4|Page

Liquid Liquid Extraction

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Liquid Liquid Extraction

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Liquid Liquid Extraction

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE

Department of Polymer and Process Engineering

Muhammad Khizar Shafique 2011-PE-67

1.1 Basic Terms

1.2 Types of Liquid Liquid Extraction

1.2.1 Batch-wise Single Stage Extraction

 Mixer-settlers: A large number of mixer-settlers are

 Centrifugal extractors: Mixing and separation is done

1.2.3 Other Non-Conventional Techniques

 Extraction w/o chemical change

Distillation Gas Absorber Liquid Extraction

It is method of separating It is an operation in which a gas It is the separation of a solute

It is not a chemical operation It can be chemical or physical It is a chemical operation

Vapor or Liquid Vapor Liquid

Vapor or Liquid Liquid Liquid

Energy Addition Process Solute Addition Process Mass Addition Process

and other is product de- duced only other is not

You might also like