||JAI SRI GURUDEV||

SRI ADHICHUCHANANGIRI ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL,

RAVINDRA NAGAR HASSAN
01.ELECTRICITY

1.What is current?
The flow of electrons is called current

2.What is electric current?

The amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time
is called electric current
OR
The flow of electric charges in a conductor is called electric current.

3.What is electric circuit?

A continuous & closed path of an electric current is called electric circuit

4.What is a switch?
A switch is a conducting link between cell & bulb

5.How are current & net charge 'Q' flows in time't' through the Cross section of
a conductor related?
Current I & net charge 'Q' flows across any cross section of a
Conductor in time't' are related by a formula =Q/T

6.Which is the SI unit of electric charge?

Coulomb ( C).
1C=6x 10¹⁸ electrons.

7.What is the charge of an electron?

An electron possesses a negative charge of 1.6X10 C

8.Which is the unit of electric current?

Ampere (A)

9.What constitute one ampere (1 A)?

One ampere is constituted by the flow of one coulomb of charge through any cross
section of a conductor per second.
It is represented as 1A= 15

10.Who named the unit of current?

A French scientist Andre Marie Ampere named the unit of current.

11.How are small quantities of current expressed?

The small quantities of current are expressed in milli ampere
or micro amperes. i.e. 1mA 10 A,1µA = 10 A

12. What is an ammeter? How is it connected in circuit?

The device used to measure electric current in a circuit is called ammeter Usually
ammeter is connected in series in a circuit to measure current.

13. Define potential difference.

Potential difference b/n two points in an electric field is the amount of work done in
moving a unit charge from one point to another-point.

14. What is the S.I unit of potential difference?

Volt (v)

15. Who named the unit of potential difference?

An Italian physicist Alessandro Volta named the
potential difference

16. Which is the instrument used to measure potential difference?

Voltmeter

17. How is voltmeter connected in the circuit to measure potential difference

b/n two points?
It is connected in parallel across two points.

18. Name the device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a
conductor
Cell OR a battery

19. What is meant by saying that the potential difference b/n two points is one
volt?
The potential difference b/n two points is said to be one volt if one joule of work is
done to move a charge one coulomb from one point to the other.

21. State Ohm's law and Express it mathematically.

Ohm's law states that at constant temperature, the potential difference across the
ends of a givenmetallic wire in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the current
flowing through t
OR
Ohm's law states that at constant temperature, the current flowing through a
conductor is directlyproportional to the potential difference across its ends
V = IR R is the constant of proportionality.

22. What is resistance/ electrical resistance? Write its S.I unit.

The property of a conductor to resist the flow of charges through it is called
resistance.
OR
Electrical resistance is the characteristics property of a conductor which oppose the
flow of electriccurrent. It is denoted by 'R'.
The SI unit of resistance is Ohm (Omega)
According to ohm's law the resistance is represented asR = V/I

23. When will the resistance R of the conductor becomes 1 ohm?

If the potential difference across the two ends of a conductor is 1V & the current
through it lis 1A,then the resistance R of the conductor is 1 ohm.
1ohm=1V/1A

24. How are current & resistance interrelated?

The current through a resistor is inversely proportional to the resistanceI = V/R
Note: If the resistance is doubled, the current gets halved.

25.On which factors does the strength of electric current in a given conductor
depend?
It is depends on two factors mainly
•Potential difference across the ends of the conductor.
•Resistance of the conductor.

26. What are good conductors? Give examples.

Substances that have very low resistance & allow electriccharges to flow through
them easily are called good conductors
Ex: Silver (Ag), copper (Cu), Aluminium (Al) etc

27. What are insulators? Give examples

Substances that have infinitely high resistance & do not allowelectric charges to flow
through them are called insulators
Ex: Plastic, Rubber Glass etc.

28. What are resistors?

The conductors having some appreciable resistance are called resistors.
ORSubstances which have comparatively high electrical resistance are called
resistors

29. What is variable resistance?

A component used to regulate current without changing the voltage source is called
variable resistance

30.Which is the device used to change the resistance in the circuit?

• Rheostat
• Resistors

31. On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend?

 Electrical resistance of conductor depends on the
a) Length of the conductor
b) Area of cross section of the conductor
c) Nature of the material of the conductor
d) Temperature of the conductor.

32. How does the resistance of a wire vary with its area of cross section?
The resistance of a wire is inversely proportional to its area of cross section.
● When the area of cross section of wire increases, then its resistance
decreases.
● •When the area of cross section of wire decreases, then its resistance
increases.

33. How is resistance related to length & area of cross section of the
conductor Resistance of conductor is directly proportional to its length &
inversely proportional to the area cross section.
i.e R I——————(1)
R 1/A—————(2)
Equating (1) & (2)
R 1/ A
R=p1/A
p is a constant of proportionality.

34. What is the symbol of electrical resistivity? Write its S.I unit.
p = Rho, its S.I unit is ohm metre.

35. What is resistivity or electrical resistivity?

Resistivity is a measure of the resistance to electrical conduction for a given size of
material.
OR
Electrical resistivity is a measure of materials property to oppose the flow of electric
current Note: Resistivity/ electrical resistivity is the characteristic property of the
material.

36. Silver is a best conductor of electricity. Why?

Silver has the least resistivity of 1.60×10 ohm meter
It means that silver offers least resistance to the flow of current through it. Thus it is
the best conductor of electricity.

37. Rubber and glass are called insulators. Why?

Rubber and glass have resistivity of the order of 10 ohm meter to 10 ohm m

38. The metals and the alloys are good conductors of electricity. Why?
Metals and alloys have very low resistivity in the range of10 m to 10 m
39.Why are coils of electric toasters & electric iron made of an alloy rather than
a pure metal OR alloys are commonly used in electrical heating devices?
Because alloys have very high resistivity than their constituent metals & alloys do not
oxidize(burn) / melt easily at high temperatures.

40. Nichrome is used in making electrical heating appliances. Why?

Because nichrome is an alloy having high resistivity of 100×10 & it does not undergo
oxidize/ melt easily even at high temperature.

41. Why is the tungsten used almost exclusively for filamentof electric lamps?
Because tungsten has very high melting point of 3380°C & Resistivity of 5.20×10
ohm' meter. It does not burn readily at ahigh temperature & the lamps glows such a
very high temperature.

42. Which among iron & mercury is a better conductor? Why?

The electrical resistivity of iron is
10.0×10 ohm's metre, where as the mercury has the resistivity of 94.0×10 ohm's
meter. Since the resistivity of iron is less that of mercury. This implies that iron is a
better conductor than mercury.

43. Will current flows more easily through a thick wire or a thin wire of the
same material whenconnected to the same source? Why?
The current flow more easily through a thick wire than through a thin wire of the
same material.This is due to the resistance of wire is inversely proportional to area of
cross section.Thicker the wire lower the resistance of the wire & vice-versa.

44.Copper & aluminium wires are generally used for electrical transmission
lines. Why?
Because copper & aluminium have very low resistivity like 1.62×10 gm & 2.63 x 10
m respectively. This makes them very good conductor of electricity.

45. Let the resistance of an electrical component remains constant while the
potential difference across the two ends of the component decreases to half of
its former value. What change will occur in the current through it?
The amount of current flowing through the electrical component will also decrease to
half of its former value.

46. Electric potential:- Electric potential or electrostatic potential at a point in an

electric field is defined as the work done in bringing a unit positive charge form
infinity to that point.
The S.I. unit of electric potential is volt.
47.. Note:-Resistivity: It is defined as the resistance offered by a cube of a material
of side 1m when current flows perpendicular to its opposite faces.

48. A wire of resistivity p is stretched to twice its length. What will be its new
resistivity?
There will be no change in its resistivity, as resistivity of a conductor does not
depend on its length.

49. Which material is best conductor of electricity?

Silver (metal) is the best conductor of electricity

50. Why is an ammeter likely to be burnt out if you connect it in parallel?

If an ammeter is connected in parallel, the resultant resistance of the circuit
decreases and more current passes through the instrument. Hence, the ammeter is
likely to be burnt out.

51. If a student by mistake, connects a voltmeter in series & an ammeter in

parallel of a circuit, what will happen?
When the voltmeter is connected in series, the resistance of the circuit become high.
So, there is consideration fall of current through the circuit. The voltmeter will not
give the required reading of the potential difference.
When the ammeter is connected in parallel in a circuit, the resistance is considerably
reduced.
Consequently, a large current would flow which can damage the ammeter.

52. What is the need of combining resistors?

To get required current in the circuit.

53.What are the two ways of joining resistors?

Resistors in series: here resistors are connected end to end consequently.
Resistors in parallel: Here the resistors are connected b/n same two points.

54.With the help of a neat diagram, derive an expression for the equivalent
resultant resistanceof three resistors connected in series.
Equivalent resistance: If a single resistor can replace the combination of
resistances in such a manner that the current in the circuit remains unchanged, then
that single resistance is called the equivalent/ resultant resistance
•When two or more resistors are connected in end to end, then they are said to be
connected in series as shown in the figure.An applied potential V produces current I
in the resistors and R1 ,R2 and R3 causing a potential difference of V1, V2 & V3
respectively through each resistor.
Rs=R1+R2+R3
R is the Equivalent resistance
Note: If we want to increase the total resistance then individual resistors are
connected in seriesIf we want to decrease the totalresistance then individual
resistors are connected in parallel.

55. What are the features/ laws of combination of resistors in series?

In a series combination of resistors the same current flows through each resistor
The total potential difference across a combination: resistors in series is equal sum
of the potentialdifference across the individual resistors
V=V1+V2+V3
When several resistors are connected in series, Total/ equivalent resistance is equal
to sum of their resistors. Rs=R1+ R2 +R3
Equivalent resistance is larger than the largestindividual resistance.

56.What are the features/laws of combination of resistors in parallel?

In parallel combination, the potential difference across each resistor is same & it is
equal to voltage of the battery applied
In parallel combination, different amount of current flows through each resistor
Total current is equal to the sum of the currents through the individual resistors.
Reciprocal of equivalent resistance is equal to the sum of reciprocals of individual
resistors.

Equivalent resistance is less than the smallest individual resistance.

57.What are the advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel with the
battery instead of connecting them in series?
● In parallel circuits if one electrical appliance stops working due to some
defects then all other appliances keep working normally. Where as in series
circuit, if one electrical appliance stops working due to some defects, then all
other appliances also stop working
● In parallel circuits, each electrical appliance has its own. switch thus they can
be turned on or turned off independently, without affecting other appliances
Whereas in series circuit all the electrical appliances have only one switch
thus they cannot be turned on or turned off independently.
● In parallel circuit each electrical appliance gets the same voltage but in series
circuit, the appliances do not get the same voltage.
● In parallel circuit, overall resistance of the circuit is reduced. Due to which the
current from the battery is high & hence each electrical appliance can draw
the required amount of current. Where as in series connection the overall
resistance of the circuit increases too much. Due to which the current from the
battery is low, thus all the electrical appliances cannot draw sufficient of
current for their working.
58. It is impracticable to connect an electric bulb & electric heater in series.
Why?
In series combination, same current flows through each device but both bulb &
electrical heater need current of widely different values to operate properly. Thus it is
impracticable to connect the above in series
59.A number of bulbs are to be connected to a single source. When will they provide
more Illumination-when connected in parallel or in series? Give reason to justify your
answer.
Bulbs will provide more Illumination when the resistance of the circuit is minimum To
get the minimum resistance, the resistors are to be connected in parallel

60. What are the disadvantages of series circuits for domestic wiring?
● In series circuit all the electrical appliances do not get the same voltage from
the power supply line (because the voltage is shared by all the appliances)
● In senes connection the overall resistance of the circuit increases due to
which the current from the power supply line is less
● In series circuit if one electrical device stops working due to some defects
then all other devices also stop working.
● In series all the electrical appliances have only one switch thus they cannot
be switched on or off separately

61.What are the advantages of parallel circuits in domestic wiring?

● In parallel circuits each electrical appliance gets the same voltage from the
power supply line.
● In parallel connection the overall resistance of the circuit is reduced due to
which the current from the power supply is high In parallel connection if one
electrical device stops working, then all other devices keep working normally

● In parallel circuits each electrical appliance has its own switch due to which it
can be switched on or off independently without affecting other appliances.

62. Why is resistance more in series combination?

In series combination of resistors, as the effective length of the conductor increase,
the resistance increases

63.Why is resistance less when resistors are joined in parallel?

In parallel combination of resistors, as the effective area of cross-section of the
conductor increase, the resistance decreases

64. What is heating effect of electric current?

When an electric current is passed through a high resistance conductor, the energy
of electric current is dissipated entirely in the form of heat, as a result resistors get
heated. This is called the heating effect of electric current.
The heating effect of electric current is due to the transformation of electric energy
into heat energy.

65. Name the devices which utilise/work on the heating effect of electric
current?
Electric oven, electric toaster, electric geyser, electric bulb, electric iron box, electric
kettle etc.

66.. What is joule's law of heating? Write its formula.

Joule's law can be stated as, the quantity of Heat (H) produced in a resistor is
directly propom to the square of the current, the resistance for a given current & the
time for which the current fo through the resistor
It is represented by the formula H=I²Rt

67.State the factors on which the heat produced in a current carrying

conductor depends.Give one practical application of this effect.
Heat produced in a current carrying conductor depends upon
● Square of the current (I²)
● Resistance of the given conductor (R)
● Time for which the current flows (t)
This effect is applicable in electric heating device like electric iron.

68. The long electric cables carrying current to the bulb do not glow while the
filament of electric bulb glows. Justify this statement with reason.
We know, H=I²Rt
The resistance of filament (tungsten) of electric bulb is very high, so more electrical
energy is converted into heat energy, hence it glows. But the electric cable (copper)
has very low resistan negligible amount of heat produced in it by passing less current
so it does not glow.

69. Why does the cord of an electric heater not glow while the heating element
does?
The heating element of electric heater is made of nichrome having very high
resistance, thus electricity passing through it is converted into more heat. So it
becomes red hot & glows. On the other hand the connecting cord of the electric
heater made of copper having very low resistance, negligible amount of heat
produced in it by passing less current. This it doesn't glow

70. Name the metal which is used for making filament of electric bulb.
Tungsten

71.The filament used in electric bulb will not melt even at high temperature.
Why?
A strong metal tungsten with high melting point of (3380°C) is used for making bulb
filaments. The filaments should thermally isolated as much as possible, Hence it will
not meit.

72. Which are the gases filled in electric bulb?

Chemically in active nitrogen & argon gases are filled in electrical bulb.

73. An electric bulb is not filled with air but is filled with argon or nitrogen.
Why? Inactive gas such as argon or neon is filled in the electric bulb to prolong the
life of the filament the bulb.

74.The filament type electric bulbs are not power efficient. Why?
In filament type electric bulb we get light when the filament heats up & begins to
glow. A large amount of electric energy is lost as heat. So this kind of bulb is not
energy or power efficient.

75. How is electrical energy converted into heat in electrical appliances?

All heating appliances contain coils of high resistance wire made of nichrome an
alloy. When these appliances are connected to power supply line, a large amount of
heat is produced in the heating coils. Thus the temperature of heating coils increases
then it becomes red hot and glows (about 900°C)

76. What is a fuse? Write its features

Fuse is a safety device used to interrupt an electrical circuit during the over flow of
current

Features:-

✓Fuse is the one of the applications of joules law of heating

✓Fuse protects the circuits & appliances ty stopping the flow of any unduly high
electric curr int.

✓Fuse is placed in series with the device.

✓The fuses used for domestic purposes are rated as TA, 2A, 3A, 5A, 10A etc

77. Write the role of fuse in domestic circuit.

OR
How does fuse prevent damaging the domestic circuit and electric appliances?
Fuse is a safety device used to interrupt an electrical circuit during the aver flow of
current It is a piece of thin wire made of a metal or an alloy of appropriate melting
point. The thin fuse wire has a higher resistance than the rest of the electric wiring in
a house
When a current in a domestic circuit rises too much, the temperature of the fuse wire
increases.This melts the fuse wire & breaks the circuit and also prevents the damage
to various electrical appliances. Thus an electric fuse has a major role and very
important application of heating effect

78. It is advised that a fuse with defined rating should not be replaced by one
with a larger rating. Give reason to justify this statement.
Fuse is used for protecting appliances due to short circuiting or overloading. The
fuse is rated for a certain maximum current & blows off when a current more than the
rated value flows through it If a fuse is replaced by one with larger ratings, the
appliances may get damaged, while the protecting fuse does not burn off. Thus the
practice of using fuse of improper rating should always be avoided.

79. Explain the principle of working of a fuse.

Principle of working of a fuse is based on Joule's law of heating
If a current larger than the specified value flows through the circuit, the temperature
of the fuse wire Increases which melts the fuse wire & breaks the circuit.

80. What is electric power? write its formula.

The rate at which electrical energy is consumed in an electric circuit is called electric
power
The electric power is given by P=VI

81.What is the Si unit of electric power?

Watt (W)

82.What is one Watt?

1 Watt is the power consumed by a device that carries I A of current when operated
at a potential difference of 1V.

83.What is 1 watt hour?

1 watt hour is the energy consumed when 1 w of power is used for 1 hour.

84. Note:- Electric energy is the product of power & time

● E=PxT

85. Which is the commercial unit of electric energy?

Kilo watt hour (kwh). It is commonly known as 'unit

86.What determines the rate at which energy is delivered by a current?

Electric power.

87.An electric bulb is marked 60W. What does this mean?

A 60W marked electric bulb indicates that it consumes 60J of energy in one second.
88.Draw a schematic diagram of an electric circuit comprising a cell, electric
bulb, ammeter and plug key.

89.Draw a electric circuit diagram to verify Ohm’s Law

 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPER'S QUESTONS
CBSE Board March-2019

1. Write the function of voltmeter in electric circuit.

A Voltmeter is an instrument that measures the difference in electrical potential between two points in
an electric circuit

2. With the help of a suitable circuit diagram prove that the reciprocal of the equivalent resistance of a
group of resistance joined in parallel is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistance.
(Refer question number 56)

3.In an electric circuit two resistors of 120 each are joined in parallel to a 6 V battery. Find the current
drawn from the battery.
1 / Rp = 1/12 + 1/12 I=V/R
1 / Rp= 2/12 = 6V / 6 * Omega
1 / Rp= ⅙ =1A

R_{p} = 6Omega

4.While studying the dependence of potential difference(V) across a resistor on the current (I)passing
through it, in order to determine the resistance of the resistor, a student took 5 readings for different
values of current and plotted a graph between V and I. He got a straight line graph passing through
the origin. What does the straight line signify? Write the method of determining resistance of the
resister using this graph.
When the student took 5 reading for different values of R and the student gets a straight line
graph.This verifies Ohm's law.
Ohm's law states that at constant temperature, the potential difference across the ends of a
givenmetallic wire in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.
I=V/R
R=V/I
5.What would you suggest to a student if while performing an experiment he finds that the pointer
needle of the ammeter and voltmeter do not coincide with zero marks on the scale when circuit is
open? No extra ammeter/voltmeter
This is called the zero error of the scale of ammeter or voltmeter if there is a zero error, then this error
is subtracted from the value that depicts when the circuit is closed otherwise the accurate current or
potential difference will not be recorded

State Board April-2019

1. The resistance of a conductor is 27 Q. If it is cut into three equal parts and connected in parallel,
then its total resistance is

a) 60 (b) 30 c) 90 d) 27 Q
(B) 30

2. Draw the diagram of an electric current in which the resistors R_{1}, R_{2} R_{3} are connected in
parallel including an ammeter and a voltmeter and mark the direction of the current
3. It is advantageous to connect electric devices in parallel instead of connecting them in seriesWhy?
(refer Question Number :59)
OR
According to Joule's law of heating, mention the factors on which heat produced in a resistor
depends. According to this law write the formula used to calculate the heat produced.Heat produced
in a resistor is,
(1) directly proportional to the square of current for a given resistance
(2)directly proportional to resistance for a given current, and
3()) directly proportional to the time for which the current flows through the resistorFormula used to
calculate the heat produced in conductor, H =I²RT

4. An electric refrigerator rated 400 W is used for 8 hours a day. An electric iron box rated 750 Wis
used for 2 hours a day. Calculate the cost of using the appliances for 30 days, if the cost of1 kWh is
Rs.3/-
The total energy consumed by the refrigerator in 30 days = 400 x 8 x 30 96000 Wh 96 kWh
The total energy consumed by the iron box in 30 days = 750 x 2 x 30 = 45000 Wh = 45kWh
The total energy consumed by the refrigerator and iron box is = 96 kWh 45kWh = 141kWh
The sum of bill amount for 141 kWh at rate of Rs. 3 per 1 kWh is = 141× 3 = Rs 0.423

State Board June-2019

1. A piece of metallic wire of resistance R is cut into 3 equal parts. These parts are then
connected in parallel. If the total resistance of this combination is R1 Then the value of R:R¹
is

a) 1:3 b)9:1 c) 1:9 d) 3:1

b)9.1

2.A bulb is marked 220 V and 40 W. Calculate the current flowing through the bulb
and its resistance.
l = P/V= 40/220
I=A 2/11A(OR 0.18 A),
R = v/I = 220/(2/11) = (220 × 11)/2
R=12100 (OR 1222 Ω)

3.(1) Define electric potential difference. How is ammeter connected in an electric

circuit.
(ii) Explain the application of heating effect of electric current in an electric bulb and
the fuseused in an electric circuit.
(1) Electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit carrying
some current is defined as the work done to move a unit charge from one point to
the other.An ammeter is always connected in series in a circuit through which the
current is to be measured.
(ii) A strong metal with high melting point like tungsten which gets very hot and emits
light is used in an electric bulb.If a current larger than the specified value flows
through the circuit then the fuse melts and breaksthe circuit.
OR
(i) State Ohm's law.
(ii) Explain the factors on which the resistance of a conductor depend.
Ohm's law: The potential difference V, across the ends of a given metallic wire in an
electric circuit isdirectly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided its
temperature remains the same.
(ii) The resistance of a conductor depends on the following factors:
✔length of the conductor
✓area of cross-section
✓ nature of the material
✓ temperature

CBSE Board March-2020

1.The maximum resistance which can be made using four resistors each of
resistance 1/2
a) 2Ω (b)1Ω c) 2.5 Ω d) 8 Ω
Ans: a)2Ω
2.A cylindrical conductor of length 'I' and uniform area of cross section "A" has
resistance " R "The area of cross section of another conductor of same material and
same resistance but ofength '21' is

a) 10A b)4A c)2A d) 3A

ans: c) 2A

3.Define Power and state its S.I unit.

The rate at which electrical energy is consumed in an electric circuit is called electric
power.The SI unit of electric power is Watt

State Board June-2020

1. What is the S.I unit of potential difference? Name the device used to measure the
potential difference
.✓ Volte
✓ Volt meter

2.State Joule's of heating. Explain the working of electric filament bulb.

✔The heat produced in a resistor is
i) directly proportional to the square of the current for a given resistance.
ii) directly proportional to the resistance for a given circuit.
iii) directly proportional to the time for which the current flows through the resistor.

✓ A strong metal with high melting point such as tungsten is used for making
bulbfilaments.
✓ The bulbs are usually filled with chemically inactive nitrogen and
✔ Argon gases to prolong the life of the filament.
✓ Most of the power consumed by the filament appears as heat, but a small part of
it is inthe form of light radiated
OR
State Ohm's law. How ammeter and voltmeter should be connected in electric
circuit? What isthe use of these instruments, in the circuits?
✔The potential difference across the ends of a given metallic wire in an electric
circuit isdirectly proportional to the current flowing through it at constant temperature.
✓Ammeter should be connected in series.
✓Voltmeter should be connected in parallel in the circuit.
✓ Ammeter is used to measure current.
✔ Voltmeter is used to measure potential difference.

State Board Sep - 2020

1.Observe the given circuit diagram. Calculate the total resistance and the total
current flowingthrough the circuit.
Ans:- Here R1= 5Ω R2 = 4Ω R3,=12. V-24V
Total resistance of the circuit RT=
Total current flowing through the circuit, I=?
RT=R1+[1/R2+1R3]
R1+[R2×R3/R2×R3]
5Ω+4Ω×12Ω/4Ω+12Ω
5+48/16=5+3=8
RT= 8Ω

2. What is the meaning of the statement the potential difference between two points
is 1 V? Name the device used to measure potential difference. What is resistance of
a conductor? What is electric power?
✓ If 1 Joule(1J) of work is done to move a charge of 1 Coulomb (1C) from one point
to another point in a current carrying conductor, the potential diffrence between the
two points is 1 volt(IV).
✓The device used to measure it is voltameter.
✓The property of a conductor to restrain or to retard the motion of electric charges
flowing through it is called resistance of a conductor.
✓The rate at which electric energy is disspated or consumed in an electric circuit is
called electric power.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~