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Name ___________________ Date _______

Pre-Calc: 1.2 Functions & Their Properties

Homework: pg. 94 #’s 1-11 odd, 17-23 odd, 25-33 odd, 43-53 odd)

Warm up:
𝑥
1. Find the Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −8𝑥 2. Solve 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = −8𝑥 − 6

Formal Definition: Function, Domain, and Range

A function from a set D to a set R is a rule that assigns to every element in D a unique element in R. The set
D of all input values is the domain of the function, and the set R of all output values is the range of the
function.

Function Notation: 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

Vertical Line Test:

A graph (set of points (x, y)) in the xy-plane defines 𝑦 as a function of 𝑥 if and only if no vertical line
intersects the graph in more than one point.

*Which one of these is not the graph of a function?

Domain (x-coordinates): the set D of all the input values

Implied Domain – true domain of an algebraic expression

Relevant Domain – restricted domain of an algebraic expression to fit models.
Ex 1: Find the domain of each of these functions:
𝑥 √𝑥
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 (b) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 3 (c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−1 (d) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥−5
Finding Range (y-coordinates): the set R of all output values.
Ex 2: Find the domain and range of the following functions:
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(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 3 + 1 (b) 𝑓(𝑥) = (c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
𝑥−5

Continuity:

Continuity:
Ex 3: Graph the function and tell if it has a discontinuity.
If there is a discontinuity, tell whether it is removable or non-removable.
𝑥 3 −𝑥 1
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = (b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑥

Finding Asymptotes:

For Vertical Asymptotes: Set denominator equal to zero.

For Horizontal Asymptotes:
1. If the degree of the numerator is less than the denominator, then the Horizontal Asymptote: y = 0
(the x-axis)
2. If the degree of the numerator and the degree of the denominator are equal, then the Horizontal
Asymptote is the ration of the leading coefficients. HA = LC/LC
3. If the degree of the numerator is greater than the denominator, then there is no Horizontal
Asymptote. (slanted asymptote).

Ex 4: Identify the vertical and horizontal asymptotes of the graph.

𝑥 𝑥+2
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2−𝑥−2 (b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 3−𝑥
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Name ___________________ Date _______
Pre-Calc: 1.2 Functions & Their Properties (Day 2)

Homework: pg. 94 #’s 1-11 odd, 17-23 odd, 25-33 odd, 43-53 odd)

Warm up:
1. Find the domain algebraically. Use a GC to determine if the graph is continuous or not. If it is not, tell if
the discontinuity is removable.
𝑥+3 𝑥+2
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥−9 (b) 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 4 (c) ℎ(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 5 (d) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −𝑥−6

Formal Definition: Increasing, Decreasing, and Constant

• A function f is increasing on an interval if, for any two points in the interval, a positive change x
results in a positive change in f(x).
• A function f is decreasing on an interval if, for any two points in the interval, a positive change x
results in a negative change in f(x).
• A function f is constant on an interval if, for any two points in the interval, a positive change x results
in a zero change in f(x).
Ex 1: Use the help of your GC to determine the intervals in which the functions increases or decreases.
𝑥2
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)2 (b) 𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 −1

Formal Definition: Lower Bound, Upper Bound, and Bounded

• A function f is bounded below if there is some number b that is less than or equal to every number in
the range of f. Any such number b is called a lower bound of f.
• A function f is bounded above if there is some number B that is greater than or equal to every
number in the range of f. Any such number B is called an upper bound of f.
• A function f is bounded if it is bounded both above and below.
Ex 2: Use the help of your GC to determine if the functions are bounded below, bounded above or bounded.
𝑥2
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4 (b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −1
Formal Definition: Local and Absolute Extrema
• A local maximum of a function f is a value f(c) that is greater than or equal to all range values of f on
some open interval containing c. If f(c) is greater than or equal to all range values of f, then f(c) is the
maximum (or absolute maximum) value of f.
• A local minimum of a function f is a value f(c) that is less than or equal to all range values of f on
some open interval containing c. If f(c) is less than or equal to all range values of f, then f(c) is the
minimum (or absolute minimum) value of f.
• Local extrema are also called relative extrema.
Ex 3: Use the help of your GC to determine if the functions have any local minimas or local maxima, if so find
each local minimum and maximum value and the value of x at which each occurs.
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 7𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 (b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 4 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 2
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Name ___________________ Date _______
Pre-Calc: 1.2 Functions & Their Properties (Day 3)

Homework: pg. 94 #’s 1-11 odd, 17-23 odd, 25-33 odd, 43-53 odd)

Warm up:
1. Find the domain of the function.
𝑥−1 1 √𝑥−6 𝑥 2 −9
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +3𝑥−4 (b) 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 2 (c) ℎ(𝑥) = (d) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +9
𝑥−8

2. Given the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥√4 − 𝑥 2 (Use a GC)

a) Find the Domain and Range.

b) Relative extrema.

c) Intervals where the function increases and decreases.

Ex 1: Algebraically and then graphically tell whether the functions are odd, even, or neither.
 𝑥3
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3 (b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 2 (c) ℎ(𝑥) = 4−𝑥 2

Practice: Find the domain and range of the function.

1 √𝑥+1 𝑥2
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −5𝑥−6 (b) 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 9 (c) ℎ(𝑥) = (d) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −5
𝑥−8

2. Given the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥√𝑥 + 4 (Use a GC)

a) Find the Domain and Range.

b) Relative extrema.

c) Intervals where the function increases and decreases.

(o) Find relative extrema.

(p) Find all intervals where the
function increases or decreases.
(q) Is the function odd or even?
(r) Is the function continuous?