Directions: Each of the multiple-choice questions or incomplete sentences below is followed by four

answers or completions. Select the one answer that is best in each case.

1. Which transition in the hydrogen atom produces emitted light with the longest wavelength?
A. n = 4 → n = 3
B. n = 2 → n = 1
C. n = 3 → n = 2
D. n = 5 → n = 1
2. Which set of quantum numbers cannot specify an orbital?
A. 𝑛𝑛 = 2, 𝑙𝑙 = 1, 𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙 = −1
B. 𝑛𝑛 = 3, 𝑙𝑙 = 2, 𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙 = 0
C. 𝑛𝑛 = 3, 𝑙𝑙 = 3, 𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙 = 2
D. 𝑛𝑛 = 4, 𝑙𝑙 = 3, 𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙 = 0
3. Which of the following transition in the hydrogen atom corresponds to absorption of energy?
A. n = 3 → n = 1
B. n = 2 → n = 4
C. n = 4 → n = 3
D. n = 5 → n = 2
4. Which wavelength of light has the highest frequency?
A. 10 nm
B. 10 mm
C. 1 nm
D. 1 mm
5. Which kind of electromagnetic radiation contains the greatest energy per photon?
A. microwaves
B. gamma rays
C. X-rays
D. visible light
6. Which electron transition produces light of the highest frequency in the hydrogen atom?
A. 5p → 1s
B. 4p → 1s
C. 3p → 1s
D. 2p → 1s
7. Which electron in sulfur is most shielded from nuclear charge?
A. an electron in the 1s orbital
B. an electron in a 2p orbital
C. an electron in a 3p orbital
D. All of these electrons are equally shielded from nuclear charge.
8. Which set of four quantum numbers corresponds to an electron in a 4𝑝𝑝 orbital?
A. 𝑛𝑛 = 4, 𝑙𝑙 = 1, 𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙 = 0, 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = 12
B. 𝑛𝑛 = 4, 𝑙𝑙 = 3, 𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙 = 3, 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = −12
 C. 𝑛𝑛 = 4, 𝑙𝑙 = 2, 𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙 = 0, 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = 12
D. 𝑛𝑛 = 4, 𝑙𝑙 = 4, 𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙 = 3, 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 = −12
9. Which element has the smallest atomic radius?
A. C
B. Si
C. Be
D. F
10. Which statement is true about electron shielding of nuclear charge?
A. Outermost electrons efficiently shield one another from nuclear charge.
B. Core electrons efficiently shield one another from nuclear charge.
C. Outermost electrons efficiently shield core electrons from nuclear charge.
D. Core electrons efficiently shield outermost electrons from nuclear charge.
11. Which statement is true about effective nuclear charge? Effective nuclear charge
A. decreases as you move to the right across a row in the periodic table.
B. increases as you move to the right across a row in the periodic table.
C. remains constant as you move to the right across a row in the periodic table.
D. increases and decreases at regular intervals as you move to the right across a row in the
periodic table.
12. Which is the correct electron configuration for Fe2+ ?
A. [Ar]4s23d6
B. [Ar]4s23d4
C. [Ar]4s03d6
D. [Ar]4s23d8
13. Arrange these atoms and ions in order of increasing radius: Cs+, Ba2+, I-.
A. I- < Ba2+ < Cs+
B. Cs+ < Ba2+ < I-
C. Ba2+ < Cs+ < I-
D. I- < Cs+ < Ba2+
14. Arrange these elements in order of increasing first ionization energy: Cl, Sn, Si.
A. Cl < Si < Sn
B. Sn < Si < Cl
C. Si < Cl < Sn
D. Sn < Cl < Si
15. The successive ionization energies of an unknown third-period element are listed as: IE1 = 786
kJ/mol; IE2 = 1580 kJ/mol; IE3 = 3230 kJ/mol; IE4 = 4360 kJ/mol; IE5 = 16,100 kJ/mol. The
element is most probably:
A. Mg
B. Al
C. Si
D. P
16. Which statement is true about trends in metallic character?
 A. Metallic character increases as you move to the right across a row in the periodic table
and increases as you move down a column.
B. Metallic character decreases as you move to the right across a row in the periodic table
and increases as you move down a column.
C. Metallic character decreases as you move to the right across a row in the periodic table
and decreases as you move down a column.
D. Metallic character increases as you move to the right across a row in the periodic table
and decreases as you move down a column.
17. For which element is the gaining of an electron most exothermic?
A. Li
B. N
C. F
D. B
18. Which of the following conclusions regarding Rutherford’s gold foil experiment is not consistent
with the observations?
A. The nucleus occupies only a small portion of the space of an atom.
B. Most alpha particles travel straight through the gold foil.
C. The nucleus occupies a large amount of the atom space.
D. The nucleus, like the alpha particles used to bombard the gold foil, is positively charged.
E. Wide angle deflections result from a collision of an alpha particle and a gold atom
nucleus.
19. If the Thomson model of the atom had been correct, Rutherford would have observed
A. alpha particles bouncing off the foil.
B. alpha particles going through the foil with little or no deflection.
C. alpha particles greatly deflected by the metal foil.
D. positive particles formed in the foil.
E. None of the above observations is consistent with the Thomson model of the atom.
20. If two different nuclides have the same atomic number, it must mean that
A. they have the same atomic mass.
B. they have the same mass number.
C. they have the same number of protons.
D. they have the same number of electrons.
E. they have the same number of neutrons.
21. Which of the following about the isotopes of a particular element is not true?
A. Each unique isotope has a different atomic mass.
B. Each unique isotope has a different atomic number.
C. Each unique isotope has a different number of neutrons.
D. Each unique isotope has the same number of protons.
E. In neutral atoms of each unique isotope, the number of electrons equals the number of
protons.
22. The neutral atoms of all the isotopes of the same element have
A. different numbers of protons.
B. the same number of neutrons.
 C. the same number of electrons.
D. the same mass.
E. the same mass numbers.
23. Which of the following descriptions of a subatomic particle is correct?
A. A proton has a positive charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu.
B. An electron has a negative charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu.
C. A neutron has no charge and its mass is negligible.
D. A proton has a positive charge and a negligible mass.
E. A neutron has a positive charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu.
24. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have
A. different atomic numbers.
B. the same atomic numbers but different numbers of protons.
C. the same atomic numbers but different numbers of electrons.
D. the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons.
E. the same atomic mass but different numbers of protons.
25. What is the electron configuration for potassium (Z = 19)?
A. 1s22s22p63s23p7
B. 1s22s22p63s23p53d2
C. 1s22s22p83s23p5
D. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
E. 1s22s22p63s23p54s1
26. Which of the following quantum number sets describes a 4f orbital?
A. n=2, l=0, ml= 0
B. n=3, l=1, ml= -1
C. n=3, l=2, ml= -1
D. n=4, l=2, ml= +1
E. n=4, l=3, ml= +2
27. According to Bohr Theory, which of the following transitions in the hydrogen atom will give rise
to the least energetic photon?
A. n = 5 to n = 3
B. n = 6 to n = 1
C. n = 4 to n = 3
D. n = 5 to n = 4
28. In Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, the radius of an orbit
A. is directly proportional to n2.
B. is smallest for the highest energy state.
C. is inversely proportional to n2
D. can have any value that is larger than the ground-state radius.
E. none of the above
29. Which of the following statements about periodic properties is incorrect?
A. Both electron affinity and ionization energy decrease down a group.
B. Atomic size increases to the right across a period.
C. Ionization energy increases to the right across a period.
 D. Atomic size increases down a group.
E. Electron affinity increases to the right across a period.
30. Many classic experiments have given us indirect evidence of the nature of the atom. Which of
the experiments listed below did not give the results described?
A. The Rutherford experiment proved the Thomson "plum-pudding" model of the atom to be
essentially correct.
B. The Rutherford experiment was useful in determining the nuclear charge on the atom.
C. Millikan's oil-drop experiment showed that the charge on any particle was a simple
multiple of the charge on the electron.
D. The electric discharge tube proved that electrons have a negative charge.
E. All of the above experiments gave the results described.
31. Rutherford's experiment was important because it showed that:
A. Radioactive elements give off alpha particles.
B. Gold foil can be made to be only a few atoms thick.
C. A zinc sulfide screen scintillates when struck by a charged particle.
D. The mass of the atom is uniformly distributed throughout the atom.
E. An atom is mostly empty space.
32. As you move from left to right across the periodic table, elements
A. become less metallic
B. have a lower atomic weight.
C. have a lower atomic number.
D. become more metallic.
33. Elements that belong to the same group have the same number of
A. valence electrons.
B. inner electrons.
C. neutral electrons.
D. total electrons.
34. Group 18 noble gases are relatively inert because
A. they readily form positive ions.
B. they can have either a positive or a negative charge.
C. their outermost energy level is missing one electron.
D. their s and p orbitals are filled.
35. When J. J. Thomson discovered the electron, what physical property of the electron did he
measure?
A. its charge, e
B. its charge-to-mass ratio, e/m
C. its temperature, T
D. its mass, m
E. its atomic number, Z
36. Which of the following scientists developed the nuclear model of the atom?
A. John Dalton
B. Robert Millikan
C. J. J. Thomson
 D. Henry Moseley
E. Ernest Rutherford
37. Rutherford's experiment with alpha particle scattering by gold foil established that
A. protons are not evenly distributed throughout an atom.
B. electrons have a negative charge.
C. electrons have a positive charge.
D. atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
E. protons are 1840 times heavier than electrons.
38. The Heisenberg Principle states that:
A. no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
B. two atoms of the same element must have the same number of protons.
C. it is impossible to determine accurately both the position and momentum of an electron
simultaneously.
D. electrons of atoms in their ground states enter energetically equivalent sets of orbitals
singly before they pair up in any orbital of the set.
E. charged atoms (ions) must generate a magnetic field when they are in motion.
39. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a sublevel for which l = 3 is:
A. 2
B. 10
C. 6
D. 14
E. 8
40. Which atomic orbital is spherical in shape?
A. 2s
B. 3p
C. 3d
D. 4f
41. Which of the following electron configurations is correct for nickel (Z = 28)?
A. [Ar] 4s1 3d8
B. [Kr] 4s1 4d8
C. [Kr] 4s1 3d8
D. [Kr] 4s2 3d8
E. [Ar] 4s2 3d8
42. The outer electronic configuration ns2np4 corresponds to which one of the following elements in
its ground state?
A. As
B. Ca
C. Cr
D. Br
E. S
43. Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers could be those of the last electron of Mo
(Z = 42)?
A. n = 4, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = +1/2
 B. n = 5, l = 1, ml = 9, ms = -1/2
C. n = 4, l = 2, ml = -1, ms = +1/2
D. n = 5, l = 2, ml = +2, ms = -1/2
E. n = 3, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = +1/2
44. The atom having the valence-shell configuration 4𝑠𝑠 2 4𝑝𝑝5 would be in:
A. Group VIA and Period 5
B. Group IVB and Period 4
C. Group VIB and Period 7
D. Group VIIA and Period 4
E. Group VIIB and Period 4
45. All of the following properties of the alkaline earth metals increase going down the group
except
A. atomic radius
B. first ionization energy
C. ionic radius
D. atomic mass
E. atomic volume
46. Which of the following does not have a noble gas electron configuration?
A. 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵+
B. 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴3+
C. 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 3−
D. 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 3+
47. A neutral atom has a total of 17 electrons. The electron configuration in the outermost principal
energy level will look closest to
A. 1s 2 2s2 2p5
B. 3s 5 3p2
C. 3s2 3p5
D. 3s2 3p8 2d7
48. Which electron configuration shows that of an excited atom?
A. 1s 2 2s2 2p6 3s1
B. 1s 2 2s2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 3d1
C. 1s 2 2s2 2p4
D. 1s 2 2s2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 4s 2
E. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s 2 3p3
49. As you go from left to right across a period on the periodic table there in a decrease in
A. first ionization energy
B. nuclear charge
C. electronegativity
D. the ability to gain electrons
E. metallic character
50. Which statement regarding Infrared and visible light is correct?
A. The speed of visible light is greater than that of infrared light
 B. The wavelength of visible light is longer than that of infrared light
C. The energy of visible light is lower than that of infrared light
D. The frequency of visible light is higher than that of infrared light
51. Which electron configuration is impossible for an atom in the ground state?
A. 1s 2 2s2 2p6 3s 2
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 2d2
C. 1s 2 2s2 2p6 3s 2 3p6
D. 1s 2 2s2 2p5 3s1
52. Which electron configuration represents a transition element?
A. 1s 2 2s2 2p3
B. 1s 2 2s2 2p6 3s 2
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 4s 2 3d7
D. 1s 2 2s2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 4s 2 3d10 4p4
53. Which of the following is a legitimate set of 𝑛𝑛, 𝑙𝑙, 𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙 , 𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 quantum numbers for an electron in
an atom?
A. 0, 0, 0, ½
B. 5, 4, −3, −½
C. 3, 3, 3, +½
D. 2, 1, −2, −½
54. Which of the following indicates the shape of the orbital in which the electron moves?
A. principal quantum number
B. spin quantum number
C. angular momentum quantum number
D. magnetic quantum number
55. Albert Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect confirmed which of the following
concepts?
A. Electrons can absorb energy and change levels in atoms.
B. Light energy can be converted into the mass of electrons.
C. Electrons have both particle and wave properties.
D. Light has both particle and wave properties.
56. The five successive ionization energies (in 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚) for an element: 577, 1820, 2740, 11600,
14800.Which of the following represent the electron configuration of this element?
A. 1𝑠𝑠 2 2𝑠𝑠 2 2𝑝𝑝6 3𝑠𝑠1
B. 1𝑠𝑠 2 2𝑠𝑠 2 2𝑝𝑝6 3𝑠𝑠 2 3𝑝𝑝1
C. 1𝑠𝑠 2 2𝑠𝑠 2 2𝑝𝑝6 3𝑠𝑠 2 3𝑝𝑝3
D. 1𝑠𝑠 2 2𝑠𝑠 2 2𝑝𝑝6 3𝑠𝑠 2 3𝑝𝑝6 3𝑑𝑑 3
57. Which of the following statements is correct about the energy of a photon? The energy of a
photon is
A. directly proportional to the frequency of the light.
B. inversely proportional to the frequency of the light
C. directly related to the intensity of the light.
 D. directly proportional to the frequency of the light.
58. Which of the following explains the emission spectra of atoms?
A. An electron has a specific energy value in an atom
B. An electron that revolves around the nucleus emits light
C. The energy of atoms is continuous with discrete frequencies
D. The energy of an electron in an atom is not quantized.
59. Which of the following describes the quantum mechanical model of an atom?
A. An atom is a sphere with a positively charged matter in which electrons are embedded.
B. Electrons move around the nucleus of an atom in circular orbits.
C. An atom is a solid sphere that is invisible and indestructible.
D. The position of an electron is described by a probability distribution map.
60. According to Hund’s rule, equal energy (degenerate) orbitals are filled with
A. Maximum number of unpaired electrons with parallel spins
B. Two electrons of opposite spins placed in the first orbital
C. Maximum number of unpaired electrons with opposite spins
D. Two electrons of parallel spins placed in the first orbital
61. Which of the following statement correctly describes Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle?
A. Both the position and momentum of an electron in an atom can be determined precisely.
B. A small particle such as an electron can behave both as a particle and a wave.
C. The more accurately we know the position of an electron, the less accurately we can know
its velocity.
D. No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers.
62. Which of the following statement is correct about energy changes when an electron changes its
energy levels?
A. When an electron falls from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, the energy
equal to the difference between the two energy levels is absorbed.
B. When an electron jumps from a lower energy level to a higher level, the energy of the
photon emitted is equal to the difference between the two energy levels.
C. When an electron falls from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, an energy
higher than the difference between the two energy levels is emitted.
D. When an electron jumps from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, energy
equal to the difference between the two energy levels is absorbed.
63. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital with 𝑛𝑛 = 4 and 𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙 =
−1?
A. 2
B. 6
C. 4
D. 3
E. 32
64. The existence of discrete (quantized) energy levels in an atom may be inferred from
A. experiments on the photoelectric effect.
B. diffraction of electrons by crystals.
C. X-ray diffraction by crystals.
 D. atomic line spectra.
65. For the transition metal with the electron configuration: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6, how many
unpaired electrons are present in its +2 ion in the ground state?
A. 0
B. 2
C. 4
D. 6
66. Of the following experimental observations, which best demonstrates the wave like
characteristics of electrons?
A. The photoelectric effect
B. The ionization of an atom
C. The flow of electron in a metal wire
D. The diffraction patterns of electrons scattered from a crystalline solid