I. Write true for correct statements and false for incorrect statements (2).

1. Except the red herring fallacy, all fallacy of relevancies are committed chiefly due to providing
premises that are logically irrelevant to the conclusion.
2. The appeal to force fallacy has no neither physical nor psychological effects.
3. The fallibility principle requires that each participant in a discussion of a disputed issue should
be willing to refuse their fallibility.
4. The fallacy of false cause occurs whenever the link between premises and conclusion depends
on some certain causal connection that exactly exists.
5. The fallacy of complex questions is committed when one question is asked in the guise of a
single question and a single answer is then given to single a question.
6. There are no points of difference between critical and uncritical persons.
7. An argument that commits a formal fallacy is an inductive argument.
8. Unlike the fallacy of relevance, the fallacy of weak inductions have strong premises to support
a conclusion.
9. Temporal priority is merely a necessary but not a sufficient to establish causation.
10. Suppressed evidence fallacy occurs when an arguer leaves out a key premise from an argument
that is relevant for the conclusion the arguer draws.
11. When there is sufficient proof one way or the other, you should suspend judgment.
12. Unlike amphiboly, in equivocation the ambiguity is an arguer’s own creation.
13. An argument begs the question when premises assume what they purport to prove.
14. In red herring fallacy, the arguer is ignorant of the logical implications of his/her own premises.
15. Accuracy is a standard of critical thinking that is used to avoid obscurity and vagueness.
16. Fallacies of weak inductions are committed when an arguer appeals to the emotions of listener.
17. The slippery slope fallacy occurs when two events happen simultaneously and the first action
is supposed to be the cause of the second one.
18. The principles of critical thinking is important to understand the intension of an arguer than
mispresenting his or her arguments.
19. A false dichotomy fallacy is always a valid argument.
20. The abusive fallacy occurs when the second person cites some features against the first person.
21. Whether people are hypocritical regarding their claims is irrelevant to the truth of those claims.

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I. Choose the best answer and write the letter of correct answer on space provided (2).

22. All of the following leads to committing unqualified authority fallacy except the one.
A. The person might lack the requisite expertise.
B. The person has a motive to lie or disseminate misinformation.
C. The person might have unqualified authority.
D. The person might be an expert about the supposed states of affairs.
23. I was too disappointed by Mr. Nigatu’s statement. In yesterday's meeting, he said that all
militants not be accused of any crime. We have to repudiate this Nigatu saying because he is
a militant.
A. Suppressed evidence C. Ad Hominem Fallacy
B. Unqualified authority D. Accident
24. Murder is morally wrong. This being the case, it follows that abortion is morally wrong.
A. Suppressed evidence C. Complex question
B. Begging the Question D. False dichotomy
25. Which one is false about fallacy?
A. There is only a single pushing factor that leads to committing a fallacy.
B. It is a defect in an argument.
C. The end result of all fallacies is deception.
D. Fallacious thoughts are bad arguments.
26. One is odd.
A. You too B. Snobbery C. Vanity D. Bandwagon
27. Freedom of speech is a constitutionally guaranteed right. So, Roba should be arrested for his
speech that incited the riot last week.
A. Appeal to force B. No fallacy C. Straw man D. Accident
28. A driver to the traffic police: I am a single parent, solely responsible for the financial support
of my children. If you give me this traffic ticket, I will lose my license and be unable to drive
to work. If I cannot work, my children and I will become homeless. My children unable to
pursue their education. And, my kiddy exposed to psychological problem. So, you should not
give me the traffic ticket.
A. Argumentum ad Baculum C. Argumentum ad Misericordiam

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 B. Argumentum ad Populum D. Argumentum ad Hominem
29. Dear learners, today we will discuss the major factors that cause high population growth. You
know that human resource is an important thing. High population growth may be exceed
economic growth. A country with high population growth may exposed to high unemployment
rates.
A. Appeal to pity C. Missing the point
B. Accident D. Red herring
30. Except the one the rest are traits of an uncritical person.
A. Regard problems and controversial issues as nuisances or threats to their ego.
B. Ignore the need for balance and give preference to views that support their established views.
C. Tend to follow their feelings and act impulsively.
D. Strive for understanding, keep curiosity alive, remain patient with complexity, and are
ready to invest time to overcome confusion.
31. Somalia is a good place for investment for the following reasons. First, there are cheap raw
materials. Second, there is cheap labor. Third, there is a good market for our product. Forth
there is a port that helps us to export our product. Thus we have to consider investing in
Somalia.
A. False Cause C. Suppressed Evidence
B. Weak Analogy D. Slippery slope
32. Each player on this basketball team is an excellent athlete. Therefore, the team as a whole
is excellent.
A. Division C. Amphiboly
B. Composition D. Equivocation
33. Identify the wrong statement regarding what missing the point fallacy is.
A. The conclusion ignores the proof.
B. The premises are irrelevant to support a conclusion.
C. Missing the point fallacy differ from other fallacy of relevancies.
D. The supposed conclusion has certain problems.
34. Patient to a Doctor: Look Doctor, you cannot advise me to quit smoking cigarette because you
yourself is a smoker. How do you advise me to quit smoking while you yourself is smoking?
A. Tu Quoque C. Ad Hominem Circumstantial

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 B. Ad Hominem Abusive D. Straw Man
35. You should believe in God’s existence. Unless you will be condemned to suffer eternally.
A. Appeal to pity B. Appeal to force C. Snobbery D. Red herring
36. One of the following statements is incorrect regarding formal fallacy.
A. Sometimes formal fallacy has detected by both form and content problems.
B. Formal fallacy has only form problem.
C. An argument that commits a formal fallacy is a deductive argument.
D. There is no exception for inductive arguments to commit a formal fallacy.
37. For John Dewey critical thinking involves all the following except the one.
A. Its active processes.
B. It is passive but persistent.
C. The crucial thing in Dewey’s definition of critical thinking is what he called the grounds.
D. A critical person refuses to accept data passively but is active to discover information.
38. President Barack Obama argues that we should avoid eating junk food. But look at what he
eats: greasy cheeseburgers, chili dogs, French fries, hot dogs, fried cheese puffs, sugary sodas,
hot fudge sundaes, cheese steaks, and snow cones. Clearly, Obama’s arguments about food are
not worth listening to.
A. Accident
B. Red herring
C. Tu Quoque
D. Ad Hominem Abusive
39. Which one of the following is correct about critical thinking?

A. Being intelligent is enough for being a critical thinker.

B. Critical thinking means nothing more than cognitive skills.
C. Critical thinking is the opposite of being impulsive or instinctive.
D. Critical thinking can rarely be used outside of academia.
40. Why beliefs are required to be consistent?
A. Consistent beliefs are ones which can be held together without contradiction.
B. Consistent beliefs are necessarily true.
C. Consistent believes are always rationally well-founded.
D. Consistent beliefs are factual.

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41. In relation to a good argument, a premise is acceptable;
A. If it is a claim that contradicts credible evidence.
B. If it is a claim that contradicts with a well-established claim.
C. A claim that is confirmed by one’s own experience or observation.
D. A claim that is based on another unstated but highly questionable assumption.

42. Butane is combustible. Therefore, it burns. The fallacy committed here is:
A. Amphiboly C. Equivocation
B. Division D. Begging the question
43. One of the following is not a rhetorical phraseology that begging the question fallacy often
involves:
A. After all B. Nevertheless C. Of course D. This being the case
44. Solomon said that he was interviewing for a job drilling oil wells in the supervisor’s office.
We can only conclude that the supervisor must have an awfully dirty office. Identify the fallacy
committed in this argument:
A. Amphiboly B. False cause C. begging the question D. No fallacy
45. While dealing with critical thinking, who elaborate the conditions crucial to practice it?
A. R. Paul B. M. Scriven C. J. Dewey D. E. Glaser E. R. Ennis
46. A critical thinker doesn’t have one of the following traits:
A. Dauntlessly recognize what he/she doesn’t acquainted with.
B. Pinpoint and try to overcome his/her limitations without looking for whipping boy.
C. Remain patient while dealing with complicated problems.
D. Assuming his/her views as impeccable.
47. Which principle of critical thinking demands people to accept their defeat and change their
minds if they confronted with a more evidence based arguments:
A. Truth Seeking B. Fallibility C. Resolution D. Charity
48. “I know there is God/Allah. Life would be meaningless otherwise.” This thought could be an
example for:
A. Ego-centrism B. Socio-centrism C. Wishful thinking
D. Unwarranted assumption E. No fallacy F. Relativistic thinking
49. One of the following is not among the traits of uncritical thinker:

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 A. Rush to make judgments on first impressions and gut reactions.
B. Apathetic about the amount & quality of proof they have while making judgments.
C. Preoccupied with themselves and their own sentiments.
D. Treat others as brainy to better gauge their views.
E. None of the above.
50. One of the following is not among the rationales of thinking critically:
A. To better understand people’s thoughts, their goals and motivations.
B. To be able to think in the established way of thinking- “societal box.”
C. To make logical and informed decisions to the best of one’s ability based on facts.
D. To improve the ability of managing one’s emotions.
51. A given thinking is “logically correct” if:
A. It is being approved and supported by the government.
B. It comes from a supernatural being.
C. The stand/view someone has on an issue is based on thorough proofs.
D. It is acceptable in light of the value, norm and culture of the society you belong to.
E. All of the above.
52. Mr X: “You can hardly convince me that increases in the military budget are desirable when
I happen to know that you work in a munitions factory." The passages commits:
A. Abusive fallacy B. You too fallacy C. Fallacy of Accident
D. Circumstantial fallacy E. Fallacy of appeal to people
53. Which one of the following alternatives is wrong?
A. In missing the point fallacy the arguer misunderstands the logical implications of the
premises.
B. The red herring and straw man differ from missing the point in that the former involve
generating new sets of premises; for the latter the conclusion is irrelevant to the
premises but not so for the former.
C. The fallacy appeal to force occurs whenever the arguer presents a threat under the
pretense of defending a conclusion.
D. In fallacy of appeal to pity the arguer exploits common desires to be loved, accepted,
admired, etc. to get the audience to accept the conclusion.

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 E. Straw man fallacy is committed when the respondent distorts an argument, demolished
the distortion, and then concludes that the original argument was demolished.
54. Fallacy of missing the point is committed when:
A. When one person distorts or disregards elements of their opponent's argument and
responds to the distorted point.
B. When someone fails to address the issue at hand and instead attacks an irrelevant aspect
of it.
C. When an argument conceals evidence that may contradict or otherwise undermine the
premises that are presented in support of a conclusion.
D. When an arguer diverts a main argument by focusing on a detail and forming a new
argument.
55. All are true about the truth seeking principle, except?
A. Finding the truth, or at least getting closer to it, is the basic goal of every discussion.
B. Participants are willing to accept ideas that contradict their beliefs or self-interest as long
as they help them achieve their goal.
C. It allows participants to present arguments for or against any position held on an issue.
D. Through the mere exchange of their ideas, participants could discover what is true.
56. One of the following is incorrect about begging the question fallacy?
A. It involves rewording or repeating the premises as a conclusion.
B. The exact source of the conclusion is not clear.
C. In this fallacy, the conclusion it doesn’t tell us anything new.
D. It is committed when someone presents a conclusion with clear-cut points.
57. Last week, Rahel and Ruth had a phone talk with their respective advisers about the progress
of their thesis writing. And, at the end, she said that responding to her advisers' comments
would outweigh the quality of her paper, and this would take a long time.
A. Weak Analogy B. Equivocation C. Division D .Amphiboly
58. Which one is incorrect?
A. Complex question; in the guise of a single question, different questions are posed.
B. False cause; what is supposed to be the cause of something probably does not exist.
C. False dichotomy; occurs when a person in an argument offers two implausible possibilities
and then rejects the desired one.

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 D. Equivocation; it involves using a single ambiguous word twice in a single argument.
59. A fallacy that claims the first event will unavoidably result in the second event if we do not
prevent it from happening is:
A. Weak analogy B. Slippery slope C. Suppressed evidence D. None
60. All of the following are correct regarding begging the question fallacy, except?
A. The conclusion in the begging the question fallacy tells us nothing new.
B. It is committed when someone presents two unlikely alternatives.
C. It involves rewording or repetition of the premises as a conclusion.
D. The exact source of an alleged conclusion is not clear.
61. One is different from the other?
A. You too B. Slippery slope C. Accident D. Red herring
62. Whoever thrusts a knife into another person should be arrested. But surgeons do precisely this
when operating. Therefore, surgeons should be arrested.
A. Unqualified authority B. Accident C. Red herring D. Straw man
63. Try to understand someone’s view positively as much as possible even if it is wrong” This idea
most likely refers to the principle of:
A. Resolution B. Charity C. Burden of Proof D. Clarity
64. Bill Gates gives millions of dollars to charitable causes every year. It doesn’t mean that all
wealthy people give huge amounts of money to charity every year.
A. No fallacy B. Hast generalization C. False cause D. Composition
65. ______________________is about having and getting true information.
A. Accuracy B. Clarity C. Relevance D. Fairness
66. Which one is correct about the fallacies of weak induction?
A. Arguments that commit weak induction are valid but unsound.
B. In this fallacy, the premises are relevant and strong.
C. Are committed when someone appeals to his or her emotions.
D. The defect of these fallacies is that the premises are too weak to support a given conclusion.
67. “You should not imprison my uncle for committing a crime because seeing him imprisoned
would break his poor mother's heart. “ This argument commits fallacy of:
A. Straw man B. Appeal Pity C. Accident D. Appeal to force