Getting Started Guide for Quantum Computing with MATLAB

MATLAB Support Package for Quantum Computing lets you build, simulate,
and run quantum algorithms.
Overview and download >>

Build >>
Single Qubit Gate
Apply a single qubit gate to a quantum circuit. The quantity in parentheses () is the qubit index on which the gate
is applied.
Quantum Circuit Object Plot Matrix
Syntax >> qc = quantumCircuit (xGate(1)) >> plot (qc) >> getMatrix(qc)
NumQubits:1
Output Gates:[1×1 quantum.gate.SimpleGate]

Single Qubit Gate Description The rotation gates are single qubit gates that take two
arguments. The first is the qubit index on which the
xGate(1) xGate = π rotation around X-axis to qubit 1 gate is applied, and second is the rotation angle or
yGate(1) yGate = π rotation around Y-axis to qubit 1 phase (θ) in radian.
zGate(1) zGate = π rotation around Z-axis to qubit 1 Parameterized Description
sGate(1) sGate = π/2 positive rotation around Z-axis Single Qubit Gate
rxGate(1,pi/2) rxGate = X-axis rotation gate
tGate(1) tGate = π/2 positive rotation around Z-axis
ryGate(1,pi/2) ryGate = Y-axis rotation gate
tiGate(1) tiGate = π/2 negative rotation around Z-axis
rzGate(1,pi/2) rzGate = Z-axis rotation gate
hGate(1) hGate = Hadamard gate
r1Gate(1,pi/2)
r1Gate = Z-axis rotation gate
idGate(1) idGate = Identity gate (does nothing) with global phase

Gates with One Control Qubit

Apply a gate with one control qubit to a quantum circuit. These gates have two arguments in parentheses (); the first is the
control qubit and the second is the target qubit. If the control qubit is in the |0> state, then the gate does nothing. If the
control qubit is in the |1> state, then the specified gate acts on the target qubit. >> cxGate(control,target)
Qubit index 1: control qubit The controlled rotation gates are two qubit gates that take three
Qubit index 2: target qubit arguments. The first is the control qubit, the second is the target
qubit, and third is the rotation angle or phase (θ) in radian.

Parameterized Two Description

Two Qubit Gate Description
Qubit Gate

cxGate(1,2)
cxGate or cnotGate = π rotation around crxGate(1,2,pi/2)
crxGate = Controlled X-axis
X-axis to qubit 2 if qubit 1 is in |1> state rotation gate

cyGate(1,2)
cyGate = π rotation around Y-axis to qubit cryGate(1,2,pi/2)
cryGate = Controlled y-axis
2 if qubit 1 is in |1> state rotation gate

czGate(1,2)
czGate = π rotation around Z-axis to qubit crzGate(1,2,pi/2)
crzGate = Controlled z-axis
2 if qubit 1 is in |1> state rotation gate

chGate(1,2) cr1Gate(1,2,pi/2)
cr1Gate = Controlled z-axis
czGate = Controlled Hadamard gate
rotation gate with global phase

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 Special Gates
Gate Description
Constructs a composite gate from an In the gates below, the first and second arguments
compositeGate inner quantum circuit and returns a are the qubit indices, and the third is phase (θ),
(qc, [1,2]) CompositeGate object. The qc is the except for the swapGate which has two
inner quantum circuit in the example. arguments. Swapping the two target qubits
Controlled controlled X gate (CCNOT for all the gates below does not change the
ccxGate(1,2,3) gate operation.
or Toffoli gate)
Multi-controlled X gate
The first argument is three control qubits
Gate Description
(1,2,3), the second argument is one target
qubit (4), and the third argument is one ancil- rxxGate(1,2,pi/2) Ising XX coupling gate
mcxGate(1:3,4,5)
la qubits (5). This gate operates on a single
ryyGate(1,2,pi/2) Ising YY coupling gate
target qubit based on the states of the control
qubits, with a number of ancilla qubits that rzzGate(1,2,pi/2) Ising ZZ coupling gate
determines the number of simple gates
swapGate(1,2)
Swaps the values of
qftGate(1:3) Quantum Fourier transform (QFT) gate the qubits.

Simulate >>
Quantum Circuit Operations
Operation Example Output
>> gates = [hGate(1); cxGate(1,2)];
>> bell = quantumCircuit(gates,
plot = Draw a quantum circuit name=“bell”); % circuit
>> plot(bell) %plot
inv = Inverse of a quantum circuit >> bell _ inverted = inv(bell);
or gate >> plot(bell _ inverted)

getMatrix = Matrix representation

>> getMatrix(bell)
of a quantum circuit or gate
“OPENQASM 3.0;
include “stdgates.inc”;
generateQASM = Generate QASM
>> generateQASM(bell) qubit[2] q; bit[2] c; h
code q[0]; cx q[0],q[1];
c = measure q;”
simulate(circuit, inputState),
BasisStates: [4×1 string]
Simulate circuit and specify the ini-
>> simulate(bell) Amplitudes: [4×1 double]
tial quantum state of the circuit and NumQubits: 2
return a QuantumState object
>> cnot _ custom = [cxGate(1,2)];
>> qc _ inner =
quantumCircuit(cnot _ custom);
>> gates _ appended = [hGate(1)
unpack = Unpack composite gates compositeGate(qc _ inner,[1 2])
inside a quantum circuit compositeGate(qc _ inner,[2 3])];
>> circ=
quantumCircuit(gates _ appended);
>> plot(circ)%packed composite gate
>> plot(unpack(circ, “recursive”))

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 Simulated Quantum Circuit Operations
Operation Example Output
Initialize the quantum state of the cir- QuantumState with properties:
cuit where the qubit 1 (top qubit in BasisStates: [4×1 string]
S = simulate(bell,”10”)
circuit plot) is set to |1> and second Amplitudes: [4×1 double]
is to |0> NumQubits: 2

Show the output basis states and S.BasisStates BasisStates: “00” ”01” ”10” ”11”
their amplitudes S.Amplitudes Amplitudes: 0.7071 0 0 -0.7071

ans = “0.70711 * |00> + -0.70711

Show the final state of the circuit
f = formula(S) * |11>”
such as the basis in which to f2 = formula(S,Basis=”X”) ans = “0.70711 * |+-> + 0.70711 *
represent each qubit |-+>”

Show the possible states and the states = “00” P = 0.5

[states,P] = querystates(S)
probability of measuring each state “11” 0.5
M = randsample(S,50);
ans =
T =
Randomly sample the quantum 2×3 table
table(m.Counts,m.Probabilities,m.
state of the circuit with any number Counts Probabilities States
MeasuredStates,
of shots 28 0.56 “00”
VariableNames= [“Counts”,
22 0.44 “11”
“Probabilites”, “States”])

Run on AWS >> and IBM Quantum >>

Function Description
Connect to an Amazon Braket device, specifying the
dev = QuantumDeviceAWS
(“SV1”,Region=reg,S3Path=bucketPath) name of the device as well as its region and the path
of the Amazon S3 bucket to store results
Connect to an IBM quantum device, specifying
dev = QuantumDeviceIBM(“ibmq _ qasm _ simulator”, ...
AccountName=myAccountName,FileName=myFileName); the name of the device and the account name
to authenticate using the associated credentials
fetchDetails(device) Get additional information about the device
task = run(circuit, dev); Create a task to run the circuit on the device
wait(task) Check the status of a task
meas = fetchOutput(task); Retrieve the result of the circuit run

Visualizations >>
Matrix representation of |0> >> plot(qftGate(1:3)) >> histogram(states)
is [1;0] >> plotBlochSphere([1;0])

GitHub with Examples >>

Questions? [email protected]

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© 2023 The MathWorks, Inc. MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc. See mathworks.com/trademarks for a list of additional trademarks.
Other product or brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.