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Study Material3

The document discusses four classes of agents: simple reflex agents, model-based reflex agents, goal-based agents, and utility-based agents. It then provides more details on each type of agent, including their characteristics and how they make decisions. Finally, it defines a learning agent as one that can learn from past experiences and adapt through learning.

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Praju Thorat
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35 views6 pages

Study Material3

The document discusses four classes of agents: simple reflex agents, model-based reflex agents, goal-based agents, and utility-based agents. It then provides more details on each type of agent, including their characteristics and how they make decisions. Finally, it defines a learning agent as one that can learn from past experiences and adapt through learning.

Uploaded by

Praju Thorat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Agents

Agents can be grouped into four classes based on their degree of perceived intelligence
and capability :
Simple Reflex Agents
Model-Based Reflex Agents
Goal-Based Agents
Utility-Based Agents
Learning Agent

Simple reflex agents

Simple reflex agents ignore the rest of the percept history and act only on the basis of
the current percept. Percept history is the history of all that an agent has perceived to
date. The agent function is based on the condition-action rule. A condition-action rule is
a rule that maps a state i.e, condition to an action. If the condition is true, then the action
is taken, else not. This agent function only succeeds when the environment is fully
observable. For simple reflex agents operating in partially observable environments,
infinite loops are often unavoidable. It may be possible to escape from infinite loops if the
agent can randomize its actions.

Problems with Simple reflex agents are :


Very limited intelligence.
No knowledge of non-perceptual parts of the state.
Usually too big to generate and store.
If there occurs any change in the environment, then the collection of rules need to be
updated.
Model-based reflex agents

It works by finding a rule whose condition matches the current situation. A model-based
agent can handle partially observable environments by the use of a model about the
world. The agent has to keep track of the internal state which is adjusted by each percept
and that depends on the percept history. The current state is stored inside the agent which
maintains some kind of structure describing the part of the world which cannot be seen.
Updating the state requires information about :
how the world evolves independently from the agent, and
how the agent’s actions affect the world.
Goal-based agents

These kinds of agents take decisions based on how far they are currently from
their goal(description of desirable situations). Their every action is intended to reduce its
distance from the goal. This allows the agent a way to choose among multiple
possibilities, selecting the one which reaches a goal state. The knowledge that supports
its decisions is represented explicitly and can be modified, which makes these agents
more flexible. They usually require search and planning. The goal-based agent’s behavior
can easily be changed.
Utility-based agents

The agents which are developed having their end uses as building blocks are called utility-
based agents. When there are multiple possible alternatives, then to decide which one is
best, utility-based agents are used. They choose actions based on a preference
(utility) for each state. Sometimes achieving the desired goal is not enough. We may look
for a quicker, safer, cheaper trip to reach a destination. Agent happiness should be taken
into consideration. Utility describes how “happy” the agent is. Because of the uncertainty
in the world, a utility agent chooses the action that maximizes the expected utility. A utility
function maps a state onto a real number which describes the associated degree of
happiness.
Learning Agent :

A learning agent in AI is the type of agent that can learn from its past experiences or it has
learning capabilities. It starts to act with basic knowledge and then is able to act and adapt
automatically through learning.
A learning agent has mainly four conceptual components, which are:
1. Learning element: It is responsible for making improvements by learning from the
environment
2. Critic: The learning element takes feedback from critics which describes how well the
agent is doing with respect to a fixed performance standard.
3. Performance element: It is responsible for selecting external action
4. Problem Generator: This component is responsible for suggesting actions that will
lead to new and informative experiences.

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