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Information Processing Theory

The document discusses the information processing theory of cognitive development. It focuses on examining the mental processes that occur when receiving new information. The theory states information processing occurs in stages between a stimulus and response, and is analogous to computer processing. The three major components are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

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40 views4 pages

Information Processing Theory

The document discusses the information processing theory of cognitive development. It focuses on examining the mental processes that occur when receiving new information. The theory states information processing occurs in stages between a stimulus and response, and is analogous to computer processing. The three major components are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

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medellin.22001243
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INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY

NATURE OF INFORMATION PROCESSINGTHEORY


 The information processing theory (IPT) of cognitive
development focuses on examining and understanding the
mental processes that take place when an individual
receives new information.
1st - Information processing occurs in stages that intervene between
a stimulus and producing a response.
2nd - Information processing is analogous to computer processing.
THREE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE IPT MODEL:
Sensory Memory
 is the state in which the stimuli sensed (heard, seen,
touched, smelled, tasted) are temporarily held in a mere
seconds for the information to be processed further. The
sensory memory serves as a filter on what to focus on.
 AS THE INFORMATION HELD IN THE SENSORY
MEMORY IS FOR ABOUT THREE SECONDS ONLY,
UNATTENDED STIMULI ARE FORGOTTEN. THE
INFORMATION THE PERSON GAVE ATTENTION TO
IS TRANSFERRED TO THE SHORT-TERM MEMORY
Short-term Memory
 serves as a temporary memory while the information is
given further processing before it is transferred to a long-
term memory.
2 STRATEGIES INVOLVE
 Maintenance rehearsal
 Elaborative rehearsal

ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL
it is the process of relating new information to what is already
known and stored in the long-term memory to make the new
information more significant.
For instance: Remembering through imagery. If you are somebody
that struggles with remembering names, an elaborative rehearsal
technique would be to associate a new person’s name with an image
already retained in your memory.

ORGANIZATION
- the process of classifying and grouping bits of information into
organized chunks.
For instance: Memorizing the mobile number involves grouping the
11 numbers into set of numbers: XXXX-YYY-ZZZZ

MNEMONIC DEVICES
- an efficient memorization technique because they help you
learn, retain, and recall information easily. To put it simply, your
brain encodes, stores, and retrieves memories. Mnemonics help
improve your long-term memory.
For instance:
☆ROYGBIV
☆ Stalagmite and Stalactite
IMAGERY
- a strategy that involves the memory taking what is to be
learned and create meaningful visual, auditory, or kinesthetic images
of the information.
For instance:
It is easy to locate Apayao in the Philippine map because it
looks like the bust of a former president of the country
¤ Information that is not rehearsed and maintained in the
short-term memory is forgotten. It also involves the information
between the new information and what is already known ¤
• Long-term Memory
 involves repetition of the information to sustain its
maintenance in the short-term memory.
 For instance: ABC song
LONG TERM MEMORY
- the storehouse of information transferred from short-term
memory. It has unlimited space. Varied contents of information are
stored namely:
SEMANTIC MEMORY
- memory for ideas, words, facts, and concepts that are not
part of the person's own experiences.
For instance: Individuals with good semantic memory includes those
who know the capital countries in the world, many words and their
meanings, the order of planets, and other facts.
IMAGERY
- refers to mental images of what is known.
For instance: Beginning readers use configuration clues, shape, and
appearance of words to help in word recognition.
☆ Associating a familiar image to the name of a newly introduced
person, like giraffe, guides one to recall the name Gigi, a long-
necked beautiful lady.
RETRIEVING INFORMATION FROM THE LONG-TERM
MEMORY
TWO WAYS OF INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
1. Recalling
2. Recognition

FORGETTING
 The lost of information either in the sensory memory, short-term
memory, or long-term memory.

FACTORS IN IPT
▪︎Interference - the process that occurs when remembering a certain
information hampered by the presence of other information
○ Retroactive interference
○ Proactive interference
▪Time decay - another factor for the loss of stored information from
long-term memory.
▪︎Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon - it involves the failure to retrieve
the information, but the person is sure the information is known.

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